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Swaraj | Internship Industrial Training Report</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj | Internship Industrial Training Report
India is mainly an agricultural country. Agriculture accounts for approximately 25 percent of India’s GDP. Agriculture in India...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mahindra-and-mahindra-swaraj-internship-industrial-training-report/" aria-label="View Post: Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj | Internship Industrial Training Report">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj | Internship Industrial Training Report","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mahindra-and-mahindra-swaraj-internship-industrial-training-report\/","articleBody":"Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj | Internship Industrial Training Report\r\nIndia is mainly an agricultural country. Agriculture accounts for approximately 25 percent of India\u2019s GDP. Agriculture in India is the means of livelihood of almost two thirds of the workforce in the country and employs nearly 62 percent of the population. It accounts for 13 percent of India\u2019s exports. About 42 percent of India\u2019s geographical area is used for agricultural activities. It is therefore considered a vital sector of the Indian economy.\r\nThe Indian tractor industry is the largest in the world, accounting for one third of global production. The other major tractor markets in the world are China and the USA. The global spotlight on tractor manufacture in terms of unit volume seems to be swinging away from the USA, UK and Western and Eastern Europe towards India and China, where growth in the number of producers and the total volume of production in recent years has been impressive.\r\n\r\nIntroduction and Business Description\u00a0\r\nSwaraj Tractor Division, Mahindra and Mahindra Limited, is the farm equipment manufacturer division and the flagship company of the erstwhile Punjab Tractors Limited of which a major share was acquired by Mahindra and Mahindra Limited in the year 2007. The Company's principal activity is to manufacture, market and servicing of tractors ranging from 25-100 HP. Other products include self propelled harvester combines, forklifts, tractor drawn agricultural implements, gears, spare parts, casting and accessories. The Company has manufactured and sold more than 600,000 tractors over the past 30 years (with 36000 tractors being manufactured and sold in the fiscal year 2008- 2009 alone).The basic credibility of the company is the manufacture of reliable tractors requiring least maintenance and low cost of ownership. The Company is one of the major share-holder in the\r\nIndian Tractor Industry in a market with rivals like John Deere, Case New Holland, TAFE, etc. The company has in-house competence in producing engines and transmission systems and has been the best financially managed company in the Indian Tractor Industry. The reputed Swaraj brand of the company is sold through 475 exclusive dealers stocking only Swaraj products The manufacturing plants and the Research and Development centre of the company are located in Mohali, Punjab.\r\n\r\n The company exports auto components to the markets of African\/SAARC countries.\r\n\r\nThe company has 3 farm equipment manufacturing facilities:-\r\n1. Swaraj Tractor Division (STD) Phase \u2013IV, Industrial Area, SAS Nagar(Mohali)\r\n2. Swaraj Foundry Division (SFD) Mazri, SAS Nagar(Mohali)\r\n3. Swaraj Combine Division (SCD) chapparcheri, SAS Nagar(Mohali)\r\n\r\nmahindra and mahindra swaraj assebmly line\r\n\r\nManufacturing Facilities at Plant-1\u00a0\r\nA number of manufacturing facilities are available at the Mahindra and Mahindra, Swaraj Division, Plant -1\r\nThe whole manufacturing system is divided into a number of departments\r\n1. Light machine shop\r\n2. Heavy machine shop\r\n3. Paint shop\r\n4. Assembly shop\r\n5. Heat treatment shop\r\n6. Quality Engineering\r\n\r\nReport submitted by: Harpreet Singh B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering)\u00a0\r\nDownload Report :\r\nMahindra and Mahindra Swaraj Industrial Training Report PDF Free Download\u00a0\r\n\r\nFile size : 2 mb\u00a0\r\n\r\npages : 72 nos\u00a0\r\n\r\nClick here to Download Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj PDF Training Report\u00a0","headline":"Mahindra and Mahindra Swaraj | Internship Industrial Training Report","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/mahindra-and-mahindra-swaraj-assebmly-line-300x247.jpg","height":247,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ansys-mechanical-tutorials-pdf-book-free-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ansys-mechanical-300x256.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ansys-mechanical-tutorials-pdf-book-free-download/">ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download  ANSYS Mechanical is a Workbench application that can perform a variety of engineering simulations, including stress, thermal, vibration,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ansys-mechanical-tutorials-pdf-book-free-download/" aria-label="View Post: ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/ansys-mechanical-tutorials-pdf-book-free-download\/","articleBody":"ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download\r\n\r\n \tANSYS Mechanical is a Workbench application that can perform a variety of engineering simulations, including stress, thermal, vibration, thermo-electric, and magnetostatic simulations.\r\n \tA typical simulation consists of setting up the model and the loads applied to it, solving for the model's response to the loads, then examining the details of the response with a variety of tools.\r\n \tThe Mechanical application has \"objects\" arranged in a tree structure that guide you through the different steps of a simulation. By expanding the objects, you expose the details associated with the object, and you can use the corresponding tools and specification tables to perform that part of the simulation.\r\n \tObjects are used, for example, to define environmental conditions such as contact surfaces and loadings, and to define the types of results you want to have available for review.\r\n\r\nRead More :\r\n\r\n\u00a0Abaqus analysis Software - Application And Process\r\n\r\nWhat is Hypermesh Analysis Software used For Finite Element Analysis\r\n\r\nThe following Help topics describe in detail how to use the Mechanical application to set up and run a simulation:\r\n\u2022 Application Interface\r\n\u2022 Steps for Using the Application\r\n\u2022 Analysis Types\r\n\u2022 Specifying Geometry\r\n\u2022 Setting Up Coordinate Systems\r\n\u2022 Setting Connections\r\n\u2022 Configuring Analysis Settings\r\n\u2022 Setting Up Boundary Conditions\r\n\u2022 Using Results\r\n\u2022 Understanding Solving\r\n\u2022 Commands Objects\r\n\u2022 Setting Parameters\r\n\r\nansys mechanical\r\n\r\nMechanical Application Interface\r\n\r\nThis section describes the elements of the Mechanical Application interface, their purpose and conditions, as well as the methods for their use.\r\n\r\nThe following topics are covered in this section:\r\n\r\n \tMechanical Application Window\r\n \tWindows Management\r\n \tMain Windows\r\n \tContextual Windows\r\n \tMain Menus\r\n \tToolbars\r\n \tInterface Behavior Based on License Levels\r\n \tEnvironment Filtering\r\n \tCustomizing the Mechanical Application\r\n \tWorking with Graphics\r\n \tMechanical Hotkeys\r\n \tWizards\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download \r\n\r\nPages: 1800\r\n\r\nSize : 52 mb\u00a0\r\n\r\nClick here to Download Pdf ANSYS Mechanical user guide\u00a0","headline":"ANSYS Mechanical Tutorials Pdf Book Free Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ansys-mechanical-300x256.jpg","height":256,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hand-tool-industries-internship-industrial-training-report/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Forging-process-272x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hand Tool Industries &#8211; Internship Industrial Training report</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hand-tool-industries-internship-industrial-training-report/">Hand Tool Industries &#8211; Internship Industrial Training report</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hand Tool Industries - Internship Industrial Training report
Introduction
The aim is to provide technology support services and trained manpower to engineering industry in general and the hand...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hand-tool-industries-internship-industrial-training-report/" aria-label="View Post: Hand Tool Industries &#8211; Internship Industrial Training report">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hand Tool Industries &#8211; Internship Industrial Training report","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hand-tool-industries-internship-industrial-training-report\/","articleBody":"Hand Tool Industries - Internship Industrial Training report\r\nIntroduction\r\nThe aim is to provide technology support services and trained manpower to engineering industry in general and the hand tools industries in particular to achieve global standards.\r\n\u2022 CIHT is an autonomous organization.\r\n\u2022 CIHT is a National Institute.\r\n\u2022 CIHT was established in 1983 with assistance from UNDP, Government of India and Government of Punjab.\r\n\u2022 CIHT is aspiring for latest technology to be a leader in region.\r\n\r\nOrganizational Profile\r\nHand Tools Industry consists of organized, small scale and cottage sector. About 80 % of small scale and cottage sector is located in and around Jalandhar in Punjab, Nagaur in Rajasthan and Purulia in West Bengal. The Hand Tools Industries are playing a vital role in economic development and earning valuable foreign exchange for the country.\r\nWith a view to provide technology support services to engineering industry in general and the hand tools industries in particular, the Government of India has set up Central Institute of Hand Tools as a National Institute in Jalandhar, in the state of Punjab as an autonomous organization with the assistance of U.N.D.P and Govt. of Punjab.\r\nThe management of the institute rests with the Governing Council appointed by the Govt. of India , with Development Commissioner, small scale industries as ex-officio chairman of the institute. The Principal Director is the Chief Executive Officer of the Institute. Other members include the Govt. officials and the industrialists from the industry.\r\n\r\nTool Room Services\r\nThe Tool Room is equipped with following indigenous as well as imported machinery: -\r\n\u2022 CNC Wire Cut Machine\r\n\u2022 CNC Machining Centre (VMC-800) HMT\r\n\u2022 CNC Turning CL 2050 Make Batliboi\r\n\u2022 CNC Vertical Machining Centre, DAEWOO\r\n\u2022 CNC Turner Lathe Machine\r\n\u2022 CNC Trainer Milling Machine\r\n\u2022 3D Co-ordinate Measuring Machine\r\n\u2022 Injection Moulding Machine\r\n\u2022 Spark Erosion Machine\r\n\u2022 Lathe HMT NH-22\/150\r\n\r\nLathe HMT NH-26\/3000\r\n\u2022 Vertical Milling Machine (HMT) - 2 Nos.\r\n\u2022 Universal Milling Machine (HMT) - 2 Nos.\r\n\u2022 Cylindrical Grinding Machine\r\n\u2022 Horizontal Surface Grinding Machine\r\n\u2022 Tool &amp; Cutter Grinder\r\n\u2022 Copy Milling Machine\r\n\u2022 Shaper Machine - 2 Nos.\r\n\u2022 Band Saw\r\n\u2022 Power Hacksaw\r\n\r\nThe Tool Room is providing assistance to the industries by way of making: -\r\n\u2022 Forging Dies\r\n\u2022 Trimming Dies\r\n\u2022 Blanking Dies\r\n\u2022 Broaches\r\n\u2022 Gauges\r\n\r\nHeat Treatment Shop\r\nThe Heat Treatment Shop is equipped with the following indigenous as well as imported machinery\/equipment to undertake training and heat treatment of various Hand Tools and other engineering industries.\r\n\u2022 Induction Heater (High Frequency), 60 KW\r\n\u2022 Induction Heater (High Frequency), 20 KW\r\n\u2022 Salt Bath Furnace (Neutral)\r\n\u2022 Electric Tempering Furnace - 3 Nos.\r\n\u2022 High Speed Steel Electrode Type Salt Bath Furnace\r\n\u2022 Hydraulic Straightening Press\r\n\u2022 Gas Carburizing Furnace\r\n\r\nThe department is also providing assistance by way of doing quality Heat Treatment on: -\r\n\u2022 Blanking Dies\r\n\u2022 Trimming Dies\r\n\u2022 Hand Tools\r\n\u2022 Gears for Automobiles etc.\r\n\u2022 Mild Steel\r\n\r\nForge Shop\r\nThe Forge Shop is equipped with the following hammers and presses to provide technical training and common facilities services to the industries: -\r\n\u2022 Forging Press, Capacity 600 Ton (Imported)\r\n\u2022 Belt Drop Hammer, Capacity - 2 Ton\r\n\u2022 Belt Drop Hammer, Capacity - 1 Ton\r\n\u2022 Power Press, Capacity 120 Ton (Italy)\r\n\u2022 Power Press, Capacity 100 Ton\r\n\u2022 Power Press, Capacity 50 Ton\r\n\u2022 Power Press, Capacity 200 Ton\r\n\u2022 Billet Shearing Machine, Capacity 100 MM\r\n\u2022 Oil Fired Furnaces - 2 Nos.\r\n\u2022 Induction Heater 125 KW\r\n\r\nThis department is providing common facility services by way of forging following Hand Tools: -\r\n\u2022 Claw Hammer\r\n\u2022 Open End Spanner\r\n\u2022 Brick Blaster\r\n\u2022 Masson Hammer\r\n\u2022 Pipe Wrench\r\n\u2022 Bearing Puller\r\n\u2022 Ring Spanner\r\n\u2022 Pipe Fittings\r\n\r\nTESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL\r\nThis department is providing assistance to the industry by way of testing various materials i.e. chemical composition, physical properties etc. The section is also carrying out the inspection of various screw gauges and measuring instruments.\r\n\r\nTesting &amp; Quality Control Section has the following main equipments: -\r\n\u2022 Equipment for chemical testing for iron, steel brass and bronze etc.\r\n\u2022 Salt spray test apparatus\r\n\u2022 Bursting Strength Testing Machine\r\n\u2022 Dead Weight Pressure Gauge Tester\r\n\r\nForging process\r\n\r\nForging is one of the oldest known metalworking processes. Traditionally, forging was performed by a smith using hammer and anvil, and\r\nthough the use of water power in the production and working of iron dates to the 12th century, the hammer and anvil are not obsolete. The smithy or forge has evolved over centuries to become a facility with engineered processes, production equipment, tooling, raw materials and products to meet the demands of modern industry.\r\nIn modern times, industrial forging is done either with presses or with hammers powered by compressed air, electricity, hydraulics or steam. These hammers may have reciprocating weights in the thousands of pounds. Smaller power hammers, 500 lb (230 kg) or less reciprocating weight, and hydraulic presses are common in art smithies as well. Some steam hammers remain in use, but they became obsolete with the availability of the other, more convenient, power sources.\r\nDownload Report :\r\nHand Tool Industries - Internship Industrial Training report\r\n\r\nPages :40 nos\r\n\r\nFile Size :2 mb\u00a0\r\n\r\nClick here to Download Internship Mechanical Report\u00a0","headline":"Hand Tool Industries &#8211; Internship Industrial Training report","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Forging-process-272x300.jpg","height":300,"width":272},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/precision-tooling-industry-internship-industrial-training-report/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/wire-cut-EDM-300x282.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Precision tooling Industry -Internship Industrial Training report</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/precision-tooling-industry-internship-industrial-training-report/">Precision tooling Industry -Internship Industrial Training report</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Precision tooling Industry - Summer Industrial Training report Download
Introduction
Ray-Hans Precision Tools Private Limited
Ray-hans Precision Tools Private Limited is a tooling solution...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/precision-tooling-industry-internship-industrial-training-report/" aria-label="View Post: Precision tooling Industry -Internship Industrial Training report">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Precision tooling Industry -Internship Industrial Training report","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/precision-tooling-industry-internship-industrial-training-report\/","articleBody":"Precision tooling Industry - Summer Industrial Training report Download\r\nIntroduction\r\nRay-Hans Precision Tools Private Limited\r\nRay-hans Precision Tools Private Limited is a tooling solution provider located in Special Economic Zone at Cochin, India, having around 250 employees. Make use world class equipments and machinery imported from leading manufactures in Germany, Japan, Swiss and USA. Ray-hans provides end to end solutions for tool and mould industry starting from design to component production. And capable of supplying precision tooling of International standards to Electronics, Automotive, Electrical and IT sectors. Customer base includes TE\r\nconnectivity, DELPHI Connection Systems, NPOL and Yazaki.\r\nSpecialized in:\r\nDesigning of Injection Moulds.\r\nManufacturing of Injection Moulds, Press tools and Fixtures\r\nManufacturing of Precision Machined Spares\r\nProduction of Molded Components\r\nCapabilities and Capacities:\r\nMethods, Machineries and Accessories used for various machining process allows to produce complex profiles and shapes required for precision tooling industry at an accuracy level of 2 to 5 microns. In order to achieve quality standards the whole machining activities are carried out in a controlled atmosphere, so that temperature difference doesn\u2019t cause any deviations in the jobs when measured at customer end.\r\nDepartments In Ray-Hans Precision Tools Private Limited\r\n\r\n\r\n \tMarketing Department.\r\n \tStore.\r\n \tTraining Department.\r\n \tDesigning Department\r\n \tEngineering Department.\r\n \tMachine Tool Shop.\r\n \tN.C. Shop.\r\n \tHeat Treatment Shop.\r\n \tQuality Control.\r\n \tTool Assembly.\r\n\r\nDesign Section\r\nOur internship started as we enter into design section as the design is considered as the first step of any production and it display the end result before wasting material and it\u2019s the best tool to communicate with your shop men, technician and others, so it compulsory to have basic knowledge of design for everyone.\r\nIn design section you deal with the language of lines how they represent the end results of your dedicated work. We were first diverted to drafting then to proper design process\r\nThe design section is based on three steps\r\n\r\n\r\n \tSketching\r\n \tManual\r\n \tComputer aided Design (CAD)\r\n\r\nWire EDM\r\nWire EDM machines imported from Swiss, uses wires of diameter ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.25 mm and EDM Drilling machines can do the drilling up to a diameter of 0.3 mm. Various grades of Steels, copper and carbides were also machined in these machines. These sophisticated machines process complex geometric shapes up to height of 150 mm.\r\n\r\n\r\nwire cut EDM\r\nWhy EDM?\r\n\r\n\r\n \tEDM can easily machine parts with very thin walls, complex geometry, narrow slots, small corner radii, very small features, etc. with virtually no mechanical stress.\r\n \tEDM can cut hardened steel, titanium, Inconel and other difficult materials without the limitations of traditional machining.\r\n \tEDM can achieve an excellent surface finish with no burrs right out of the machine.\r\n \tEDM can reduce production costs with stacked parts machining using wire EDM as well as multi-up fixturing for wire, sinker and hole pop EDM.\r\n \tUse EDM over broaching for better precision, accuracy and finish, no need to make a custom broach, and no risk of introducing unwanted debris into the finished part.\r\n \tUse EDM instead of short-run stamping for straight-edge cuts with sharp corners and no shear or break as well as reduced costs by eliminating the need for special tooling.\r\n\r\nConclusion\r\nIt was a wonderful learning experience at RAY-HANS PRECISION TOOLS PRIVATE LIMITED for two weeks in kochi. I gained a lot of insight regarding almost every aspect of plant. I was given exposure in almost all the departments at the plant. The friendly welcome from all the employees is appreciating, sharing their experience and giving their peace of wisdom which they have gained in long journey of work. I am very much thankful for the wonderful facility from RAY-HANS. I hope this experience will surely help me in my future and also in shaping my career.\r\nI am pretty sure that this facility has ability to achieve its goals as stated in vision statement.by following their quality statement.\r\n\u201cWe are committed to comply with customer requirements and Quality Management System Requirements and shall strive to continually improve the effectiveness of our Quality Management System to exceed customer expectations\u201d\r\nReferences\r\nhttp:\/\/tools.ray-hans.com\/about_us.html\r\nhttp:\/\/tools.ray-hans.com\/Brochure.zip\r\nhttp:\/\/www.slideshare.net\r\nSUBMITTED BY:\r\nAMAL BABU\r\nDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING\r\nDownload Pdf Report :\u00a0\r\nPrecision tooling Industry - Summer Industrial Training report Download","headline":"Precision tooling Industry -Internship Industrial Training report","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/wire-cut-EDM-300x282.jpg","height":282,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/break-even-analysis-definition-graph-formula/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/break_even-300x225.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Break Even Analysis &#8211; Definition , Graph , Formula</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/break-even-analysis-definition-graph-formula/">Break Even Analysis &#8211; Definition , Graph , Formula</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Break Even Analysis - Definition , Graph , Formula  Break-even analysis is a technique widely used by production management and management accountants. It is based on categorizing production...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/break-even-analysis-definition-graph-formula/" aria-label="View Post: Break Even Analysis &#8211; Definition , Graph , Formula">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Break Even Analysis &#8211; Definition , Graph , Formula","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/break-even-analysis-definition-graph-formula\/","articleBody":"Break Even Analysis - Definition , Graph , Formula\r\n\r\n\r\nBreak-even analysis is a technique widely used by production management and management accountants. It is based on categorizing production costs between those which are \"variable\" (costs that change when the production output changes) and those that are \"fixed\" (costs not directly related to the volume of production).\r\n\r\nTotal variable and fixed costs are compared with sales revenue in order to determine the level of sales volume, sales value or production at which the business makes neither a profit nor a loss (the \"break-even point\").\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Break-Even Chart\r\n\r\nIn its simplest form, the break-even chart is a graphical representation of costs at various levels of activity shown on the same chart as the variation of income (or sales, revenue) with the same variation in activity. The point at which neither profit nor loss is made is known as the \"break-even point\" and is represented on the chart below by the intersection of the two lines:\r\n\r\nBreak Even Analysis Graph :\r\n\r\n break even analysis graph\r\n\r\nIn the diagram above, the line OA represents the variation of income at varying levels of production activity (\"output\"). OB represents the total fixed costs in the business. As output increases, variable costs are incurred, meaning that total costs (fixed + variable) also increase. At low levels of output, Costs are greater than Income. At the point of intersection, P, costs are exactly equal to income, and hence neither profit nor loss is made.\r\n\r\nFixed Costs\r\n\r\nFixed costs are those business costs that are not directly related to the level of production or output. In other words, even if the business has a zero output or high output, the level of fixed costs will remain broadly the same. In the long term fixed costs can alter - perhaps as a result of investment in production capacity (e.g. adding a new factory unit) or through the growth in overheads required to support a larger, more complex business.\r\n\r\nExamples of fixed costs:\r\n- Rent and rates\r\n- Depreciation\r\n- Research and development\r\n- Marketing costs (non- revenue related)\r\n- Administration costs\r\n\r\nVariable Costs\r\n\r\nVariable costs are those costs which vary directly with the level of output. They represent payment output-related inputs such as raw materials, direct labour, fuel and revenue-related costs such as commission.\r\n\r\nA distinction is often made between \"Direct\" variable costs and \"Indirect\" variable costs.\r\n\r\nDirect variable costs are those which can be directly attributable to the production of a particular product or service and allocated to a particular cost centre. Raw materials and the wages those working on the production line are good examples.\r\n\r\nIndirect variable costs cannot be directly attributable to production but they do vary with output. These include depreciation (where it is calculated related to output - e.g. machine hours), maintenance and certain labour costs.\r\n\r\nSemi-Variable Costs\r\n\r\nWhilst the distinction between fixed and variable costs is a convenient way of categorising business costs, in reality there are some costs which are fixed in nature but which increase when output reaches certain levels. These are largely related to the overall \"scale\" and\/or complexity of the business. For example, when a business has relatively low levels of output or sales, it may not require costs associated with functions such as human resource management or a fully-resourced finance department. However, as the scale of the business grows (e.g. output, number people employed, number and complexity of transactions) then more resources are required. If production rises suddenly then some short-term increase in warehousing and\/or transport may be required. In these circumstances, we say that part of the cost is variable and part fixed.\r\nFormula\r\nThe break-even point formula is calculated by dividing the total fixed costs of production by the price per unit less the variable costs to produce the product.\r\n\r\nBreak even point in units\u00a0 = Fixed Costs \/ ( Sales price per unit - Variable Cost per Unit )\r\n\r\nBreak even point is the point at which No profit No Loss\u00a0","headline":"Break Even Analysis &#8211; Definition , Graph , Formula","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/break_even-300x225.gif","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/controlling-definition-meaning-importance/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/controlling-300x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Controlling -Definition, Meaning , Importance</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/controlling-definition-meaning-importance/">Controlling -Definition, Meaning , Importance</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Controlling - Definition, Meaning , Importance
MEANING
Controlling function can be defined as comparison of actual performance with the planned performance. If there is any difference or deviation...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/controlling-definition-meaning-importance/" aria-label="View Post: Controlling -Definition, Meaning , Importance">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Controlling -Definition, Meaning , Importance","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/controlling-definition-meaning-importance\/","articleBody":"Controlling - Definition, Meaning , Importance\r\nMEANING\r\nControlling function can be defined as comparison of actual performance with the planned performance. If there is any difference or deviation then finding the reasons for such difference and taking corrective measures or action to stop those reasons so that future thee is match between actual and planned performance. \r\n\r\nDefinitions by different authors:\r\n1. \u201cControlling is determining what is being accomplished, that is, evaluating the performance and, if necessary, applies corrective measures so that performance takes place according to plans.\r\n\r\n2. \u201cControlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformity with the plans adopted, the instructions issued and the principles established. It has for its object to point out weaknesses and errors in order\u00a0 to rectify them and prevent recurrence\u201d.\r\n\r\n3. \u201cControlling is measurement and correction of the performance of the subordinates to make sure that enterprise objective and plans devised to attain them are being accomplished\u201d.\r\n\r\n4. \u201cControlling function leads to goal achievement; an organisation without effective control is not likely to reach its goal\u201d. Controlling is not last function of management but it is the function which being back the management cycle to planning.\r\n\r\nScope:- Controlling is very wide in scope as it does not end only by comparing the actual performance with planned performance but it tries t o find the reasons and solutions for such problems also. For example, if the planned output is 1,000 units and actual output is 800 units, then controlling function will look for\u00a0 reasons of this deviation. If the reason is fault in machinery or inefficiency of\u00a0 workers then the corrective measures are taken by instructing the maintenance department to keep regular check of machinery and if it is due to inefficiency of\u00a0 workers then they are sent of training so that their efficiency can be improved.\r\n\r\nThere are two aspects of controlling function. These are: strategic control and operational control.\r\nStrategic control refers to check hoe effective the strategies and the plans are because sometimes there can be deviation in actual performance and planned performance due to plans and strategies.\r\n\r\nThe operational aspect refers to focus on managerial and other activities of\u00a0 the organisation. It is to find out whether the mismatch is due to fault in the actions or activities. In both the aspects the managers try to finds out the reasons for mismatch and take corrective measures.\r\n\r\n controlling\r\n\r\nIMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING\r\n\r\n1. Helps in achieving organisational goals. \r\n\r\nWhen the plans are made in the organisations these are directed towards achievement of organisational goals and the controlling function ensures that all the activities in the organizational take place according to plan and if there is any deviation, timely action is taken to bring back the activities on the path of planning. When all the activities are going according to plan then automatically these will direct towards achievement of organisational goal.\r\n\r\n2. Judging accuracy of standards.\r\n\r\n Through strategic controlling we can easily judge whether the standard or target set are accurate or not. An accurate control system revises standards from time to time to match them with environmental changes.\r\n\r\n3. Making efficient use of resources.\r\n\r\n Like traffic signal control guides the organisation and keeps it on the right track. Each activity is performed according to predetermined standards. As a result there is most and effective use of resources.\r\n\r\n4. Improving employee motivation.\r\n\r\n An effective control system communicates the goals and standards of appraisal for employees to subordinates well in advance. A good control system also guides employees to come out from their\u00a0 problems. This free communication and care motivate the employees to give better performance.\r\n\r\n5. Ensures order and discipline.\r\n\r\n Control creates an atmosphere of order and discipline in the organisation. Effective controlling system keeps the subordinates under check and makes sure they perform their function efficiently. Sharp control can have a check over dishonesty and fraud of\u00a0 employees. Strikes control monitor, employees work on computer monitor\u00a0 which bring more order and discipline in work environment.\r\n\r\n6. Facilitate coordination in action.\r\n\r\n Control helps to maintain equilibrium between means and ends. Controlling makes sure that proper direction is taken and that various factors are maintained properly. All the departments are controlled according to predetermined standards which are well coordinated with one another. Control provides unity of direction.\r\n\r\n7. Controlling helps in improving the performance of the employees.\r\nControlling insists on continuous check on the employees and control helps in creating an atmosphere of order and discipline. Under controlling function it is made sure that employees are aware of their duties and responsibilities very clearly. They must know clearly the standards against which their performance will be judged. These standards help the employees to work efficiently. \r\n\r\nControl can be exercised on employees\u2019 performance through following measures:\r\n\r\n(a) Self-appraisal report. \r\n\r\nThe employees are asked to prepare a report of\u00a0 their performance and to explain whether their performance is in accordance with plan or not. In this report employees specify their\u00a0 achievements.\r\n\r\n(b) Performance appraisal report by supervisors.\r\n\r\n The superiors continuously monitor and observe the employees when they are performing the job and comparison between the standard and actual performance is done. On the basis of this observation the managers prepare performance appraisal report.\r\nThese reports become the base for giving promotions, increments bonus etc. to the employees. To have good report the employees perform\r\nefficiently and effectively.\r\n\r\n8. Controlling helps in minimizing the errors. \r\n\r\nSmall errors or small mistakes may not seriously affect the organisation. But if these ramrods are repeated gains and again it will become a serious matter and can bring disaster for the organisation. An effective controlling system helps in minimizing the errors by continuous monitoring and check. The managers try to detect the error on time and take remedial steps to minimize the effect of error.\r\n\r\nLimitations of controlling\r\n\r\n1. Difficulty in setting quantitative standards. Control system loses its effectiveness when standard of performance cannot be defined in quantitative terms and it is very difficult to set quantitative standard for\u00a0 human behavior, efficiency level, job satisfaction, employee\u2019s morale etc. in such cases judgment depends upon the discretion of manager.\r\n\r\n2. No control on external factors. \r\n\r\nAn enterprise cannot control the external factors such as government policy, technological changes, change in fashion, change in competitor\u2019s policy etc.\r\n\r\n3. Resistance from employees\r\n\r\nEmployees often resist control and as a result effectiveness of control reduces. Employees feel control reduces or curtails their freedom. Employees may resist and go against the use of cameras, to observe them minutely.\r\n\r\n4. Costly affair.\r\n\r\n Control is an expensive process. It involves lot of time and effort as sufficient attention has to be paid to observe the performance of\u00a0 the employees. To install an expensive control system organisations have to spend large amount. Management must compare the benefits of controlling system with the cost involved in installing them. The benefits must be more than the cost involved then only controlling will be effective otherwise it will lead to inefficiency.","headline":"Controlling -Definition, Meaning , Importance","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/controlling-300x300.jpg","height":300,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=122">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=121"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>121</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=122"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>122</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>123</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=124"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>124</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=125"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>125</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=124">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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