起落架安排分析报告下载研讨会

起落架基础知识

起落架是支撑飞机重量的飞机的一部分while it is on the ground. The landing gear contains components that are necessary for taking off and landing the aircraft safely. Some of these components are landing gear struts that absorb landing and taxiing shocks; brakes that are used to stop and, in some cases, steer the aircraft; nose wheel steering for steering the aircraft; and in some cases, nose catapult Components that provide the aircraft with carrier deck takeoff capabilities. The landing gear is the principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplane is can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow.

起落架由三个车轮组成：两个主轮和位于飞机前或后方的第三个车轮。使用后安装轮的起落架称为传统起落架。
Airplanes with conventional landing gear are sometimes referred to as tail wheel airplanes.
When the third wheel is located on the nose, it is called a nose wheel, and the design is
referred to as a tricycle gear. A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.
起落架是支撑地面飞机并允许其出租车，起飞和土地的结构。

起落架的主要功能如下：

1.将飞机稳定在地面上，并在装载，卸货和出租车中。
2.允许飞机在税收期间自由移动和操纵。
3. To provide a safe distance between other aircraft components such as wing and fuselage while the aircraft is on the ground position to prevent any damage by the ground contact.
4.吸收着陆操作过程中的着陆冲击
5.通过允许飞机加速和最低摩擦的旋转来促进起飞。

Landing Gear design

In order to allow for a landing gear to function effectively, the following design requirements are established:

1.接地清除要求
2. Steering requirement
3. Take-off rotation requirement
4.提示预防要求
5.推翻预防要求
6. Touch-down requirement
7.着陆要求
8. Static and dynamic load requirement
9.飞机结构完整性
10. Ground lateral stability
11. Low cost
12.低重量
13. Maintainability
14.制造性

The first job of an aircraft designer in the landing gear design process is to select the landing gear configuration. Landing gear functions may be performed through the application of various landing gear types and configurations. Landing gear design requirements are parts of the aircraft general design requirements including cost, aircraft performance, aircraft stability, aircraft control, maintainability, producibility and operational considerations.

In general, there are ten configurations for a landing gear as follows:
1. Single main
2. Bicycle
3.尾射
4.三轮车或鼻齿轮
5. Quadricycle
6. Multi-bogey
7.释放轨道
8.打滑
9. Seaplane landing device
10.人腿

每个起落架配置的功能和技术描述将是presented in this section. The common alternatives for landing gear configurations areillustrated in figure 1. The landing gear configuration selection process includes setting up a table of features that can be compared in a numerical fashion. It needs to be clarified that for simplicity the term “gear” or “wheel” is sometimes employed for a single strut and whatever that is connected to it which comprises such items as tire, wheel, shock absorber, actuators, and brake assembly. Hence, when the term “nose-gear” is used, it refers to a landing gear configuration; while when the term “nose gear” is employed, it refers to a gear that is attached under the fuselage nose. In general, most general aviation, transport and fighter aircraft employ tricycle landing gear, while some heavy weight transport (cargo) aircraft use quadricycle or multi-bogy landing gear. Nowadays, the tail-gear is seldom used by some GA aircraft, but it was employed in the first 50 years of aviation history by majority of aircraft.

起落架几何形状

At this point, the landing gear configuration is selected and retraction configuration is决定。现在，设计师需要执行数学计算，以确定几个参数，例如高度，车轮，车轮轨道以及主齿轮和飞机重心之间的距离。这些参数通过几何关系和几个数学原理相互关联。这些关系在本节中进行了描述。确定这些参数的指南在以下后续部分中介绍。