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class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Riveted Joints and their Applications-Machine Design 
Riveted Joint
   Often small machine components are joined together to form a larger machine part. Design of joints is as...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-riveted-joints-and-their/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Riveted Joints and their Applications-Machine Design">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Riveted Joints and their Applications-Machine Design","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-riveted-joints-and-their\/","articleBody":"Types Of Riveted Joints and their Applications-Machine Design\u00a0\r\nRiveted Joint\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nOften small machine components are joined together to form a larger machine part. Design of joints is as important as that of machine components because a weak joint may spoil the utility of a carefully designed machine part. Mechanical joints are broadly classified into two classes viz., non-permanent joints and permanent joints. Non-permanent joints can be assembled and dissembled without damaging the components. Examples of such joints are threaded fasteners (like screw-joints), keys and couplings etc.\r\nPermanent joints cannot be dissembled without damaging the components. These joints can be of two kinds depending upon the nature of force that holds the two parts. The force can be of mechanical origin, for example, riveted joints, joints formed by press or interference fit etc, where two components are joined by applying mechanical force. The components can also be joined by molecular force, for example, welded joints, brazed joints, joints with adhesives etc. Not until long ago riveted joints were very often used to join structural members permanently. However, significant improvement in welding and bolted joints has curtained the use of these joints. Even then, rivets are used in structures, ship body, bridge, tanks and shells, where high joint strength is required.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nRivets and riveting\r\nA Rivet is a short cylindrical rod having a head and a tapered tail. The main body of the rivet is called shank.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRivets and its Parts\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0According to Indian standard specifications rivet heads are of various types. Rivets heads for general purposes are specified by Indian standards IS: 2155-1982 (below 12 mm diameter) and IS: 1929-1982 (from 12 mm to 48 mm diameter). Rivet heads used for boiler works are specified by IS: 1928-1978. To get dimensions of the heads see any machine design handbook.\r\n\r\nTypes of rivet joints\r\nRiveted joints are mainly of two types\r\n1. Lap joints\r\n2. Butt joints\r\n\r\n\r\nLap joints\r\nThe plates that are to be joined are brought face to face such that an overlap exists, as shown in figure \u00a0Rivets are inserted on the overlapping portion. Single or multiple rows of rivets are used to give strength to the joint. Depending upon the number of rows the riveted joints may be classified as single riveted lap joint, double or triple riveted lap joint etc. When multiple joints are used, the arrangement of rivets between two neighbouring rows may be of two kinds. In chain riveting the adjacent rows have rivets in the same transverse line. In zig-zag riveting, on the other hand, the adjacent rows of rivets are staggered.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLap Joint\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nButt joints\r\nIn this type of joint, the plates are brought to each other without forming any overlap. Riveted joints are formed between each of the plates and one or two cover plates. Depending upon the number of cover plates the butt joints may be single strap or double strap butt joints. A single strap butt joint is shown in figure \u00a0Like lap joints, the arrangement of the rivets may be of various kinds, namely, single row, double or triple chain or zigzag.\r\n\r\n\r\nButt Joint\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe classification of riveted joints is based on following :\r\n(a) According to purpose,\r\n(b) According to position of plates connected, and\r\n(c) According to arrangement of rivets.\r\n\u00a0\r\nAccording to purpose the riveted joints are classified as :\r\nStrong Joints\r\nIn these joints strength is the only criterion. Joints in engineering structure such as beams, trusses and machine frames are strong joints.\r\n\u00a0\r\nTight Joints\r\nThese joints provide strength as well as are leak proof against low pressures. Joints in reservoirs, containers and tanks fall under this group.\r\n\u00a0\r\nStrong Tight Joints\r\nThese are joints applied in boilers and pressure vessels and ensure both strength and leak proofness.\r\n\r\n\r\nTypes Of Riveted Joints and their Applications-Machine Design\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tThe riveted joints are classified as (i) lap joint and (ii) butt joint according to position of plates. In a lap joint the edges of plates are simply laid over each other and riveted.\u00a0\r\n \tFigures (a) and (d) show lap joints. If we pull the plates by application of tensile forces, they do not fall in the same line and hence cause the rivets and plates to bend. Plates placed end-to-end and jointed through cover plates form single cover butt joint.\r\n \tSuch joints are shown in \u00a0Figures (b) and (e). You can see that pulling plates apart by colinear tensile forces may still cause bending of rivets.\r\n \tFigures (c) and (f) show the butting plates covered by two straps and then riveted. Such joints are called double cover butt joint. Plate bending and rivet bending are eliminated.\r\n \tAccording to arrangement of rivets, the joints are called single riveted, (Figures (a), (b) and (c)) It may be noted that in a single riveted lap joint there is only one row of rivets passing through both plates while in a single riveted butt joint either of single cover or double cover type one row of rivets will pass through each of the plates. Similarly as shown in Figures (d) and (e) when two rows of rivets pass through both plates of lap joint it is called double riveted lap joint and two rows of rivets pass through each of butting plates the joint is a double riveted single cover butt joint. A double riveted double cover butt joint is shown in Figure (f).\r\n \tThe arrangement of rivets in Figure (d) can be described that in both the rows the rivets are opposite to each other while in Figure (e) the rivets in the adjacent rows are staggered. The joint in Figure (d) is said to be chain riveted while that in\r\n \tFigure (e) is zig-zag riveted joint. In zig-zag riveting the rivet in one row is placed at the middle level of the two rivets in the adjacent row.","headline":"Types Of Riveted Joints and their Applications-Machine Design","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/TypesOfRivetedJointsandtheirApplications-MachineDesign-300x272.png","height":272,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-potato-chips-making-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/AUTOMATICPOTATOCHIPSMAKINGMACHINEMECHANICALPROJECT-300x167.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-potato-chips-making-machine/">AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT
SYNOPSIS
This project work titled “FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE” has been conceived having studied the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-potato-chips-making-machine/" aria-label="View Post: AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/automatic-potato-chips-making-machine\/","articleBody":"AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\nThis project work titled \u201cFABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE\u201d has been conceived having studied the difficulty in cutting the any type of round\/hexagonal\/any shapes substance.\r\n\u00a0\r\nOur survey in the regard in several home\/hotel, revealed the facts that mostly some difficulty occurs in cutting huge amount of potato. The cutting of huge amount of potato in hand is taking more time and high manual force.\r\n\u00a0\r\nNow the project has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence a suitable device has been designed. \u00a0Such that the potato cutting operation can be done without application of any impact force.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\u00a0\r\nThis device the automatic potato cutting machine has been developed to later the needs of small and medium home\/hotel application, who are normally man powered. In most of the house\/hotel the potatoes are cutting by using human hand. \u00a0This needs more time and high working load.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \r\n\r\n\u00a0In order to avoid all such disadvantages. \u00a0This, machine has been designed in such a way that it can be used to cutting the potato very smoothly without any impact force. \u00a0The operation is made be simple that even an unskilled labour can handled, by just demonstrating the working of the automatic potato cutting machine once.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\u00a0\r\n1. This machine is a fully automated one\r\n2. Handling is easy\r\n3. No Manual power\r\n4. Easy to Repair.\r\n5. Replacement of parts are easy\r\n6. Cutting Potatoes are automatically collected by a tray.\r\n7. Cutting speed can be adjusted by adjusting the timing control unit.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tCare must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection, etc.\r\n \tPneumatic air supply is required to operate this machine\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\u00a0\r\nThis is very useful in\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 Home\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 Hotel\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 Canteen, etc.","headline":"AUTOMATIC POTATO CHIPS MAKING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/AUTOMATICPOTATOCHIPSMAKINGMACHINEMECHANICALPROJECT-300x167.png","height":167,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-plastic-injection-moulding-machine-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/FabricationOfPneumaticPlasticInjectionMouldingMachine-300x186.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding  Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-plastic-injection-moulding-machine-mechanical-project/">Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding  Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding  Machine
INTRODUCTION  The polymer material are converted into plastics and used as tubes, sheets, foams, rods, adhesives, etc., The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-plastic-injection-moulding-machine-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding  Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding  Machine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-plastic-injection-moulding-machine-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding \u00a0Machine\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe polymer material are converted into plastics and used as tubes, sheets, foams, rods, adhesives, etc., The theological properties, softening, tempering, stability, the size and shape are important in describing the method. \u00a0These methods are different kinds of plastics. \u00a0Broadly speaking the method may be discussed under the following headings,\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 a. Moulding Process\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 b. Foaming Process\r\n\u00a0\r\nMoulding process:\r\nIn this process the plastics are fabricated under the effect pressure and heat and both thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics may be starting materials.\r\nThermoplastics are produced by this method. In this the material is softened by heating and the hot softened plastic is forced under high pressure into the mold, when it is set by cooling and the mold is.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nFoaming process:\r\nThis involves the blowing of a volatile organic liquid, which is entrapped into a polymer network resulting in the formation of foamed plastics. \u00a0Foamed polystyrene are produced in this process.\r\n\r\n\r\n See Other Plastic Moulding Projects :\r\nELECTRO MAGNETIC MOULDING -MECHANICAL PROJECT\r\nGEAR TYPE INJECTION MOULDING MACHINE | Mechanical Project\r\nDesign and Fabrication Of Injection Moulding Machine-Mechanical Project\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nComponents\r\nThe main components of the pneumatic injection moulding machine are,\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Pneumatic Double acting Cylinder\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Hooper\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Barrel \r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Heating Coil and regulator \r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Direction control Valve\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Flow control valve\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 L-Angle\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Nozzle\r\n\u2022 \u00a0Die and\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Hose connectors\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding \u00a0Machine\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\na. Pneumatic Double Acting Cylinders:\r\nA double acting cylinder is employed in control systems with the full pneumatic cushioning and it is essential when the cylinder itself is required to retard heavy messes.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThis can only be done at the end positions of the piston stock. In all intermediate position a separate externally mounted cushioning derive most be provided with the damping feature.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe normal escape of air is out off by a cushioning piston before the end of the stock is required. As a result the sit in the cushioning chamber is again compressed since it cannot escape but slowly according to the setting made on reverses. The air freely enters the cylinder and the piston stokes in the other direction at full force and velocity.\r\n\u00a0\r\nb. Hooper:\r\nThe hopper is used to pour the plastic raw materials in to the barrel.\r\n\u00a0\r\nc. Barrel:\r\nThe barrel is used to hold the molten and unmated plastic raw materials.\r\n\u00a0\r\nd. Heater and Regulator\r\nThe heating coil is used to melt the plastic raw materials to the molten\r\nForm which is inside the barrel\r\nThe heating coil regulator is used to regulate the temperature of heating coils according to the type of plastic raw materials used.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0e. \u00a0 Direction Control Valve:\r\nTo control the to and fro motion of cylinder, the fluid energy has to be regulated, controlled and reversed with a predetermined sequence in a pneumatic system.\r\nSimilarly \u00a0one \u00a0may \u00a0have \u00a0to \u00a0control \u00a0the \u00a0quantity \u00a0of \u00a0pressure \u00a0and \u00a0flow \u00a0rateto generate the desired level of force and speed of actuators. \u00a0To achieve these functions, valves are used. Valves are fluid power elements used for controlling and regulating the working medium.\r\nThe main functions of the valves are,\r\n\u2022 Start and stop the fluid energy\r\n\u2022 Control the direction of flow of compressed air\r\n\u2022 Control the flow rate of the fluid\r\n\u2022 Control the pressure rating of the fluid\r\n\u00a0\r\nf. \u00a0 Flow Control Valve:\r\n\u00a0\r\nThese are used to control the rate of flow of a fluid through the valve.\r\nA directional control valve on the receipt of some, external signal, which might be mechanical, electrical or a fluid pilot signal, changes the direction of stops, or starts the flow of fluid in some part of the pneumatic\/hydraulic circuit. They can be used to carry out such functions as:\r\n1. Controlling the direction of motion of an actuator\r\n2. Selecting alternative flow paths for a fluid.\r\n3. Stopping and starting the flow of fluid\r\n\u00a0\r\nPurpose:\u00a0\r\nThis valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as a one way restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only one way and it can\u2019t return back.\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0By using this valve the time consumption is reduced because of the faster movement of the piston.\r\n\u00a0\r\ng. \u00a0 L-angle:\r\nMild steel \u2018L\u2019 type angle is used to fabricate the frame to mount the all the parts of the injection molding unit.\r\n\u00a0\r\nh. \u00a0Nozzle:\r\nThe nozzle is used to inject the molded plastic material into the die.\r\n\u00a0\r\ni. \u00a0 Die:\r\nThe die is used to produce the required product. \u00a0By using different\u00a0Types of die different products can be formed.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nj. \u00a0 Hose connector:\r\nIn our pneumatic system there are two types of connectors used; one is the hose connector and the other is the reducer.\r\nHose connectors normally comprise an adapter (connector) hose nipple and cap nut. \u00a0These types of connectors are made up of brass or Al or hardened steel. Reducers are used to provide inter connection between two pipes or hoses of different sizes. \u00a0They may be fitted straight, tee, \u201cV\u201d or other configurations. \u00a0These reducers are made up of gunmetal or other materials like hardened steel etc. Hoses used in this pneumatic system\r\nare made up of polyurethane. \u00a0These hoses can with stand at a maximum pressure level of 10 kg\/cm2.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe Pneumatic injection moulding process is best suited for producing articles made of thermoplastic materials. \u00a0Here, the equipment cost is relatively high but the main attraction is the amenability of the pneumatic injection moulding process to a high production rate. \u00a0In pneumatic injection molding, a definite quantity of molten thermoplastic material is injected under pressure into a relatively cold mold where it solidifies to the shape of the mould.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding \u00a0Machine-3D Model\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe pneumatic injection moulding machine is shown in the process consists of feeding the compounded plastic material as granules, pellets or powder through the hopper at definite time intervals into the hot molten plastics. \u00a0Pressure is applied through a pneumatically driven piston to push the molten material through a barrel into a mould fitted at the bellow the nozzle. The molten plastic material from the Hooper is then injected through a nozzle material. The mould used, in its simplest form, is a two-part system. \u00a0One is a movable part and the other stationary. The stationary part is fixed to the end of the cylinder while the movable part can be opened or locked on to the stationary part.\r\nBy using a mechanical locking device, the mould is proper held in position as the molten plastic material is injected under a pressure as high as 15\u00d710-2 N\/m2. \u00a0The locking device has to be very skillfully designed in order to withstand high operating pressures. \u00a0Furthermore, a proper flow of the molten material to the interior regions of the mold is achieved by preheating the mould to an appropriate temperature. \u00a0Usually, this temperature is slightly lower than \u00a0the softening temperature of the plastic material undergoing moulding.\r\n\u00a0\r\nAfter the mould is filled with the molten material under pressure, then it is cooled by cold water circulation and then opened so as to eject the molded article. \u00a0The whole cycle could be repeated several times by the same procedure. The double acting pneumatic cylinder is used to inject the molten plastic material into the die.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe flow control valve is used to control the flow of air in to the cylinder. The direction control valve is used to control the direction of piston movement. These all valves are already explained in the above chapter.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 This product is an alternative for plastic cups and plates.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Cheaper and easily available material is used.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 The pneumatic arm is more efficient in the technical field.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Quick response is achieved\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Simple in construction.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Easy to maintain and repair.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Cost of the unit is less when compared other moulding machine.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 No fire hazard problem due to over loading.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Comparatively the operation cost is less.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Continuous operation is possible without stopping.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 It reduces the manual work.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 It reduces the production time.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Occupies less floor space.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Less skilled operator is sufficient.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Different shape of the components can be made according to the die what are used.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Adjustable Temperature setting is done with the help of thermo stator.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nApplications\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 The daily using plastic components can be easily made.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 It is very useful in small scale moulding industry\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Textile products can be produced.\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 By changing proper die, we can produce any shape of plastic materials with low cost.\r\n\u00a0\r\nDisadvantages\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Initial cost is high\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Cylinder stroke length is constant\r\n\u2022 \u00a0 Need a separate compressor","headline":"Fabrication Of Pneumatic Plastic Injection Moulding  Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/FabricationOfPneumaticPlasticInjectionMouldingMachine-300x186.png","height":186,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pedal-powered-water-pumping-and/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/PedalPoweredWaterPumpingandPurificationMechanicalProject-300x254.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pedal-powered-water-pumping-and/">Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project   Abstract- 
 
This paper presents fabrication and experimentally investigate the working of Pedal Powered Water Pump (PPWP)...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pedal-powered-water-pumping-and/" aria-label="View Post: Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pedal-powered-water-pumping-and\/","articleBody":"Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\n\r\nAbstract-\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nThis paper presents fabrication and experimentally investigate the working of Pedal Powered Water Pump (PPWP) along with its purification which had used for pure drinking water supply and garden irrigation. PPWP will consist of a centrifugal pump operated by pedal power. The centrifugal pump is positioned on its stand in such a way that driven shaft of the centrifugal pump was butted to the bicycle wheel. By pedaling the bicycle, the bicycle wheel rotates, thereby rotating the centrifugal pump which in turns discharges water from the sump. PPWP provides drinking water and irrigation in remote areas where electricity is not available. PPWP is not only free from pollution but also provide healthy exercise. PPWP reduces the rising energy costs. PPWP will design as a portable one which can be use for irrigation in various places. The experimental investigation was execute and performance of the PPWP had carried out at different rpm. The results indicate that the PPWP will give a considerable amount of discharge and head.\r\nThe PPWP requires only manual power thereby reducing the utility bill considerably. Experimental result shows that discharge of about 0.0025m can be obtained for around 140 rpm.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nPedal Powered Water Pump along with water purification(PPWPWP) is an eco friendly system. The\u00a0PPWPWP works only on mechanical energy without electricity. PPWPWP provides drinking water and irrigation in remote areas where electricity is still a major problem .along with providing eco friendly environment it also helps to regulate a good health while pedaling PPWP is not only free\u00a0from pollution but also provide healthy exercise. PPWPW Produces the rising energy costs. PPWPWP was designed as a portable one which can be used for irrigation in various places.\r\nPPWPWP consists of a centrifugal pump operated by pedal power. The centrifugal pump is positioned on its stand in such a way that driven shaft of the centrifugal pump has butted to\r\nthe bicycle wheel. By pedaling the bicycle, the bicycle wheel rotates, thereby rotating the centrifugal pump which in turns discharges water from the sump and transmitted to pre filter which purify the water simultaneously.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nThere are only three major principles on which our working model generally works:\r\n1. Power transmission through chain drive mechanism.\r\n2. Bernoulli\u2019s equation\r\n3. Power transmission through pulley belt arrangement\r\n\r\nPower Transmission through Chain Drive: Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain. The gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the system.\r\n\r\nBernoulli's principle: In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738. Bernoulli's principle can be applied to various types of fluid flow, resulting in various forms of Bernoulli's equation; there are different forms of Bernoulli's equation for different types of flow. The simple form of Bernoulli's equation is valid for incompressible flows (e.g. most liquid flows and gases moving at low Mach number). More advanced forms may be applied to compressible flows at higher Mach numbers (see the derivations of the Bernoulli equation).\r\n\r\nRead More:\u00a0Introduction to Bernoulli\u2019s equation and It's Application\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING OF THE MODEL\r\n\r\nIn working model of \u201c pedal powered water pumping and purification\u201d we are giving power to the shaft which is connected to the pump. The pump is then connected to the purifier which simultaneously purifying the water. Power which we are getting from pedaling is transmitted from front to rare sprocket through chain drive mechanism, the same rpm then transmitted to the pulley which is mounted on the same shaft. This pulley transmitted power to the main shaft via belt drive arrangement which is then connected to the pump. This pump\u2019s outlet is connected with the filter to purify the water\r\n.","headline":"Pedal Powered Water Pumping and Purification Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-09","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/PedalPoweredWaterPumpingandPurificationMechanicalProject-300x254.jpg","height":254,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/classification-of-fits-applications/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/clearancefittypesofengineeringfit-300x120.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Detailed Classification Of Fits with Applications Used In Engineering Metrology</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/classification-of-fits-applications/">Detailed Classification Of Fits with Applications Used In Engineering Metrology</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Detailed Classification Of Fits Used In Engineering Metrology   INTRODUCTION
 
In the early days, majority of the components were actually matted together, their dimensions being adjusted until...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/classification-of-fits-applications/" aria-label="View Post: Detailed Classification Of Fits with Applications Used In Engineering Metrology">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Detailed Classification Of Fits with Applications Used In Engineering Metrology","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/classification-of-fits-applications\/","articleBody":"Detailed Classification Of Fits Used In Engineering Metrology\u00a0\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\u00a0\r\nIn the early days, majority of the components were actually matted together, their dimensions being adjusted until the required type of fit was obtained. But with the passage of time, engineers and workers realized that the variations in the sizes of the parts had always present and that such variations could be restricted but not avoided. It has also been realized that exact size components are difficult to produce. Any attempt towards very closed dimensions of a product will increase cost of the production. The functional aspects of the component may be achieved even without going for its exact dimensions using limits, fit and tolerances. This reduces the unit cost of production and increases the rate of production.\r\n\u00a0\r\nFor example, a shaft of exact 10.00 mm diameter is difficult to produce by machining process. But if you provide tolerence, i.e. the amount of variation permitted in the size, then such parts can be easily produced. A dimension 10 plus\/minus \u00a00.05 means a shaft may be produced between 10.05 and 9.95. These two figures represent limit and the difference, (10.05 \u2013 9.95) = 0.10 is called tolerance.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFITS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATIONS\r\nWhen two parts are to be assembled, the relation resulting from the difference between their sizes before assembly is called a fit. A fit may be defined as the degree of tightness and looseness between two mating parts.\r\n\r\n\r\nFits depend upon the actual limits of the hole and or shaft and can be divided into three general classes :\r\n(i) Clearance Fit.\r\n(ii) Interference Fit.\r\n(iii) Transition Fit.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nClearance Fit\r\nIn clearance fit, an air space or clearance exists between the shaft and hole as shown in Figure .Such fits give loose joint. A clearance fit has positive allowance, i.e. there is minimum positive clearance between high limit of the shaft and low limit of the hole.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nClearance Fit-Loose Fit, Running Fit, Slide Fit\r\n\r\n\r\nClearance fit can be sub-classified as follows :\r\n\r\nLoose Fit\r\nIt is used between those mating parts where no precision is required. It provides minimum allowance and is used on loose pulleys, agricultural machinery\u00a0etc.\r\n\r\nRunning Fit\r\nFor a running fit, the dimension of shaft should be smaller enough to maintain a film of oil for lubrication. It is used in bearing pair etc. An allowance 0.025 mm per 25 mm of diameter of boaring may be used.\r\n\r\n\r\nSlide Fit or Medium Fit\u00a0\r\nIt is used on those mating parts where great precision is required. It provides medium allowance and is used in tool slides, slide valve, automobile parts, etc.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nInterference Fit\r\nA negative difference between diameter of the hole and the shaft is called interference. In such cases, the diameter of the shaft is always larger than the hole diameter. In Figure Interference fit has a negative allowance, i.e. interference exists between the high limit of hole and low limit of the shaft.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn such a fit, the tolerance zone of the hole is always below that of the shaft. The shaft is assembled by pressure or heat expansion.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nInterference Fit-Shrink Fit,Medium Force Fit,Tight Fit\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nShrink Fit or Heavy Force Fit\r\nThe interference fit can be sub-classified as follows :\r\nIt refers to maximum negative allowance. In assembly of the hole and the shaft, the hole is expanded by heating and then rapidly cooled in its position. It is used in fitting of rims etc.\r\n\r\nMedium Force Fit\r\nThese fits have medium negative allowance. Considerable pressure is required to assemble the hole and the shaft. It is used in car wheels, armature of dynamos etc.\r\n\r\nTight Fit or Press Fit\r\nOne part can be assembled into the other with a hand hammer or by light pressure. A slight negative allowance exists between two mating parts (more than wringing fit). It gives a semi-permanent fit and is used on a keyed pulley and shaft, rocker arm, etc.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTransition Fit\r\nIt may result in either clearance fit or interference fit depending on the actual value of the individual tolerances of the mating components. Transition fits are a compromise between clearance and interference fits. They are used for applications where accurate location is important but either a small amount of clearance or interference is permissible. As shown in Figure , there is overlapping of tolerance zones of the hole and shaft.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTransition fit can be sub-classified as follows :\r\n\r\n\r\nTransition Fit-Push Fit, Force Fit , Wringing Fit\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nPush Fit\r\nIt refers to zero allowance and a light pressure (10 cating dowels, pins, etc.) is required in assembling the hole and the shaft. The moving parts show least vibration with this type of fit. It is also known as snug fit.\r\n\r\nForce Fit or Shrink Fit\r\nA force fit is used when the two mating parts are to be rigidly fixed so that one cannot move without the other. It either requires high pressure to force the shaft into the hole or the hole to be expanded by heating. It is used in railway wheels, etc.\r\n\r\nWringing Fit\r\nA slight negative allowance exists between two mating parts in wringing fit. It requires pressure to force the shaft into the hole and gives a light assembly. It is used in fixing keys, pins, etc.","headline":"Detailed Classification Of Fits with Applications Used In Engineering Metrology","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/clearancefittypesofengineeringfit-300x120.png","height":120,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-videos/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/mechengg.netyoutubeofficialchannel-300x158.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to MechEngg.Net -Official Youtube Channel For Mechanical New Videos</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-videos/">MechEngg.Net -Official Youtube Channel For Mechanical New Videos</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>MechEngg.Net -Official YouTube Channel For Mechanical New Videos
Hello Friends,  Recently We Have started Official Youtube Channel -MechEngg.Net For latest Mechanical Videos.
Video will consist...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-videos/" aria-label="View Post: MechEngg.Net -Official Youtube Channel For Mechanical New Videos">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"MechEngg.Net -Official Youtube Channel For Mechanical New Videos","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-videos\/","articleBody":"MechEngg.Net -Official YouTube\u00a0Channel For Mechanical New Videos\r\nHello Friends,\r\n\r\nRecently We Have started Official Youtube Channel -MechEngg.Net For latest Mechanical Videos.\r\nVideo will consist explanations\u00a0of \u00a0Mechanical terms and advance technologies which coming in market or Corporative World.\r\n\r\nNote:To Get Daily Update Of New Videos Please Subscibe To Our Channel\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechEngg.Net Official Youtube Channel\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Terms Explanations\u00a0Mechanical Videos On,\r\n\r\n\r\n \tMechanical Project Motion Studies \/Model Feasibility Checking\u00a0\r\n \tAnimation and kinematic analysis Of Different Mechanisms\u00a0\r\n \tAnimation Of Working of Automobile Components.\r\n \tPresentation Videos regarding Interviews, Job, Group Discussion , Aptitude And Engineering Service Exams-Gate, IES.\r\n \tNew trending News related to Automobile and Manufacturing Fields.\r\n \tVideo related to Mechanical which gone viral.\r\n \tMechanical Funny Memes , College Videos\u00a0\r\n\r\nList Of Video On Channel :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAnimation Of Single Slider Crank Mechanism\r\n \tDesign and Animation Of Four way hacksaw-mechanical project\r\n \tActual Working Of Differential Gear Box Used In Automobile Vehicles\r\n \tTop 20 Royal Enfield Modified Bikes-Bike Customization\r\n \tAnimation of beam engine mechanism\r\n \tAnimation Of Quick return Mechanism ,shaping machine\r\n \tAnimation Of Oldham's Coupling ,Parts Of Coupling,Introduction to Oldhams Coupling\r\n \tFabrication of Automatic Tyre Inflation System Mechanical Project\r\n \tRoad Power Generation using shock absorber mechanical project\r\n \tRoyal Mechanical Fairewell Celebration Style\r\n \tMini Steam steam Power Plant-Mechanical Project\r\n \tHopper Cone Development in sheetmetal Solidworks 2016\r\n \tPower Of Small Bike IC Engine | Heavely Overloaded\r\n\r\nBe Parts Of Our Team:\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nIf You Have Any interesting Video Related Of Mechanical Engineering and you want to share with us then please upload it here or mail me on thoratsachin027@gmail.com or whatsapp me On\u00a0+918379866884","headline":"MechEngg.Net -Official Youtube Channel For Mechanical New Videos","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/mechengg.netyoutubeofficialchannel-300x158.png","height":158,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=253">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=252"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>252</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=253"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>253</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>254</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=255"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>255</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=256"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>256</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=255">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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