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Today’s metal processing industries are often interested to induce compressive residual stresses in the several components which...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ball-burnishing-projec/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Development of Ball Burnishing tool">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Development of Ball Burnishing tool","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/ball-burnishing-projec\/","articleBody":"Design and Development of Ball Burnishing tool\r\n\r\nAbstract\u2014\u00a0\r\nToday\u2019s metal processing industries are often interested to induce compressive residual stresses in the several components which they will come across in fabrication processes daily. The conventional methods of finishing process viz. grinding, broaching used to improve the surface finish of the metallic components, but the burnishing process which is having same role to play in finishing process has many advantages associated with it fulfilling above said requirement successfully. This paper presents results of the study about design and developmental issues of Ball burnishing tool. This tool is used to perform burnishing process successfully by controlling different parameters.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nBurnishing\r\nThe burnishing process consists of pressing hardened steel rolls or balls into the surface of the workpiece and imparting a feed motion to the same. Ball burnishing of a cylindrical surface is illustrated in Fig.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHow Ball Burnishing Works ?\r\n\r\n\u00a0During burnishing considerable residual compressive stress is induced in the surface of the workpiece and thereby fatigue strength and wear resistance of the surface layer increase.\r\n\r\nHow is the surface quality improved in ball burnishing?\r\n\u00a0\r\nIn this process, a hardened steel ball presses the workpiece surface. The surface finish is markedly improved. In addition, a residual compressive stress is developed on the surface, which in turn improves the fatigue resistance. The work hardening effect, as a result of burnishing, also enhances wear resistance of the surface. Therefore, by ball burnishing the overall quality of the workpiece surface is significantly improved.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt is observed that the conventional machining methods such as turning and milling leave inherent irregularities on machined surfaces and it becomes necessary to very often resort to a series of finishing operations with high costs. However, conventional finishing processes like grinding, honing and lapping are traditionally used finishing processes, but these methods essentially depend on chip removal to attain the\r\ndesired surface finish, these machining chips may cause further surface abrasion and geometrical tolerance problems. Accordingly, burnishing process offers an attractive post-machining alternative due to its chip less and relatively simple operations . Many researchers have done their works by developing different types of burnishing tools i.e. ball and roller burnishing and making them ready to use with conventional machine tools viz. Lathe and milling.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nDESIGN OF BURNISHING TOOL\r\n\r\n\r\nAs it was decided to carry out the ball burnishing process in present work among two process of burnishing, the first and foremost work is to design and develop the ball burnishing tool by selecting suitable materials, dimensions and proper design such that the process and the tool is simple, cheaper and requires minimum time consumption with minimum cost. The tool developed in this work can be used on convectional machine tools like lathe. Fig. shows the tool developed in this work to carry out ball burnishing process with interchangeable roller burnishing tool assembly. This option increases flexibility of the tool and allow us to carry out both the processes.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe burnishing tool designed in above said manner consists of parts namely ball holder, square casing, lock pins and threaded lock support and spring. The design of tool is made in consideration with the parameters to be selected and to be controlled in the work. The experimental work is planned to conduct mainly considering four different parameters and burnishing force is one among the parameters. So, the force is measured by means of spring deflections in the tool. The work piece material will be 60\/40 Cu-Zn and the maximum force applied on the work piece during experiment is 30kgf.\r\n\r\nDesign and Development of Ball Burnishing tool\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAPPLICATION OF BURNISHING TOOLS\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBurnishing tools are being used in sectors like Automobile, Aircraft, Defence, Spacecraft, Railways, Textile, Machine Tool, Motors and Pump Industry, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Farm Equipment, Home Appliances etc., and areas where close tolerance and superior surface finish is required.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nReference and Download:\r\nhttp:\/\/searchdl.org\/public\/book_series\/elsevierst\/6\/518.pdf","headline":"Design and Development of Ball Burnishing tool","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/ballburnishingmachine-300x288.jpg","height":288,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-difference-between-be-and-btec/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/differencebetweenbeANDBTECH-300x235.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-difference-between-be-and-btec/">What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?  A common query among students planning to do their graduation in engineering is Btech or BE ? The difference...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-difference-between-be-and-btec/" aria-label="View Post: What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-difference-between-be-and-btec\/","articleBody":"What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA common query among students planning to do their graduation in engineering is Btech or BE ? The difference between the two, which is better etc.,?\r\n\u00a0\r\nMost of you will find rather unconvincing answers from your fellow peers, because just like you, even they have limited knowledge on this.\r\n\u00a0\r\nTo understand this better, let us see how these degrees came in to existence.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhat Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn India we have two types of universities, one that offers degrees in many fields like Sciences, Arts and Engineering too, and the second set of universities (were named as institutes) offer only degrees in engineering. Universities those offer other degrees along with engineering named their engineering degree as BE (Bachelor of Engineering) and Institute constituted for only Engineering studies named their degree as B.Tech (Bachelor of Technology)\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nBachelor of Engineering (B.E)\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe minimum qualification needed by one to opt for this program is a pass in class 10+2. They will then have to attend for the national or state level entrance exam as to get admittance into any college that offers this course. The B.E. program concentrates more on the theoretical knowledge that is applied to develop innovative equipment and useful technical gadgets in Science and Technology. This program is pursued by many and the degree thus obtained can be of use anywhere. As mentioned earlier, the program has a time period of 4 years. Students must do a project in their concluding year.\r\n\u00a0\r\nBachelor of Technology (B.Tech)\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe Bachelor of Technology is a graduate level program that is offered by the majority of universities all over the world. To join this course, aspirants must attend the state level or national level Engineering Entrance Exam. They will be given admittance on the basis of their scores obtained in the admission test. The B Tech course is more of a practical oriented program. This means that this course applies the principles of engineering and technology to modify structures and thereby enhance their quality. This is done by the application of the latest technology available.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nA course in Bachelor of Engineering (BE) deals more at the engineering aspects of science while a course in Bachelor of Technology deals with the technology aspects. This may sound naive, but that is the level of difference between the two course- understanding what Engineering and Technology stand for.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tEngineering is a branch of science which deals more at an academic level. Engineering involves understanding the theoretical concepts and trying to improve on theoretical and scientific principles which are already in existence.\r\n \t\u00a0A Technology course however looks at the practical aspects of the engineering, that is, to apply the engineering concepts on a daily basis.\u00a0\r\n \tYou can think of the difference between the two as this - An engineering is like an scientist who works on the concepts in the lab, whereas a technologist not only works in the lab but also looks to transform this concept into a practically viable option.\r\n \t\u00a0An engineer is the one who invents, a technologist is the one who innovates. A technologist may develop a new technology, but a technologist works at constantly improving upon that technology to make it more self-sustainable.\r\n\r\n\r\nBoth the courses need considerable command over arithmetical as well as basic science concepts. However, a technologist also has to bring into consideration of the economic stand-points and the other hazards of what would happen if it were in general practical use. The work of technologists is focused more on product development, improvement, manufacturing, construction, and engineering operational functions. Basically engineer is a scientist, whereas a technologist is an entrepreneur.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nDifference Between BE and B.Tech Courses\r\n\r\n\r\n \tBE is Bachelor of Engineering is considered as Engineer and BTech is Bachelor of Technology considered as Technician.\r\n \tBE is more related to theoretical knowledge of engineering subjects while BTech emphasize more on practical and application oriented training.\r\n \tNow a days most of engineering institutes who used to provide BE Degree are providing BTech Degree with almost same syllabus and curriculum. So it hardly matters if you are pursuing BE or BTech, only the ranking and reputation of institute providing these degree matters.\r\n\r\n\r\nMisconceptions\r\n\u00a0\r\nB.Tech is offered by government institutes and B.E. is offered by private institutes.\r\nThere is absolutely no truth in this. Institutes like Netaji Subash Institute of Technology, University of Mumbai (Department of Chemical Technology) which are government institutes offer a BE degree and there are many private institutes that offer a B.Tech degree\r\n\u00a0\r\nNo industrial training in BE or B.Tech\r\n\u00a0\r\nIn both, BE and B.Tech, industrial training is compulsory after semester 6.\r\n\u00a0\r\nB.Tech or BE is valued more than the other\r\n\u00a0\r\nYour performance and to a lesser extent your college is what matters. Neither is preferred over the other.","headline":"What Is Difference Between B.E and B.TECH- Which degree is better: B.E or B.Tech?","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-02","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/differencebetweenbeANDBTECH-300x235.png","height":235,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/epicyclic-gear-train-working-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/partsofepicyclicgeartrian-300x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Epicyclic Gear Train- Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages , Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/epicyclic-gear-train-working-advantages/">Epicyclic Gear Train- Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages , Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to Epicyclic Gear Train
Introduction:  Epicyclic gearing also called as planetary gearing. It is a gear system that consists of one or more outer gear (planet gear) rotating about a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/epicyclic-gear-train-working-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Epicyclic Gear Train- Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages , Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Epicyclic Gear Train- Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages , Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/epicyclic-gear-train-working-advantages\/","articleBody":"Introduction to Epicyclic Gear Train\r\nIntroduction:\r\n\r\nEpicyclic gearing also called as planetary gearing. It is a gear system that consists of one or more outer gear (planet gear) rotating about a central (sun gear). The planet gear are mounted on a moveable arm (carrier) which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear. Epicyclic gearing systems may also incorporate the use of an outer ring gear or annulus, which meshes with the planet gears.\r\nFigure show an example of epicyclic gearing. It is used to increase output speed. The planet gear carrier is driven by an input torque. The sun gear provides the output torque, while the ring gear is fixed.\r\n\r\nParts Of Epicyclic Gear train\r\nGear ratio:\r\nThe gear ratio in an epicyclic gearing system can be different by the design of the gear teeth and the ways of input rotation to the gear.\r\n\r\n\r\nEpicyclic Gearbox Parts :\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThe three basic components of the epicyclic gear are:\r\n\r\n\r\n1. Sun: The central gear\r\n2. Planet carrier: Holds one or more peripheral planet gears, of the same size, meshed with the sun gear\r\n3. Annulus or Ring Gear: An outer ring with inward-facing teeth that mesh with the planet gear or\u00a0gears\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn many epicyclic gearing systems, among the three basic components, one component is held stationary; one component is input, provide power to the system and last component is output, receive the power from the system. The ratio of input rotation to output rotation is dependent upon the number of teeth in each gear, and upon which component is held stationary.\r\n\r\n\r\nEpicyclic Gearbox Diagram :\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nsimple epicyclic gearbox Diagram\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nConstruction of epicyclic Gearbox:\r\nIn the epicyclic gearbox, the epicyclic gear train is a very general term. Basically, it involves 3 gears: a sun gear, a planet gear and a ring gear, the underlying concept being many gear ratios can be obtained from a small volume as compared to other types of gear trains which take up more space. Unlike simple gear trains, an epicyclic gear train requires defining more than one input to obtain a specific output, hence making the analysis a little difficult and non-intuitive.\r\nWorking of epicyclic gearbox:\r\nThe working principle of the epicyclic gearbox is based on the fact the fixing any of the gears i.e. sun gear, planetary gears, and annular gear is done to obtain the required torque or speed output. As fixing any of the above causes the variation in gear ratios from high torque to high speed. So let\u2019s see how these ratios are obtained\r\n\r\nFirst gear ratio:\r\n\r\nThis provide high torque ratios to the vehicle which helps the vehicle to move from its initial state and is obtained by fixing the annular gear which in turn causes the planet carrier to rotate with the power supplied to the sun gear.\r\n\r\nSecond gear ratio:\r\n\r\nThis provides high-speed ratios to the vehicle which helps the vehicle to attain higher speed during a drive, these ratios are obtained by fixing the sun gear which in turn makes the planet carrier the driven member and annular the driving member in order to achieve high-speed ratios.\r\n\r\nReverse gear ratio:\r\n\r\nThis gear reverses the direction of the output shaft which in turn reverses the direction of the vehicle, this gear is achieved by fixing the planet gear carrier which in turn makes the annular gear the driven member and the sun gear the driver member.\r\n\r\n\r\nNote- More speed or torque ratios can be achieved by increasing the number of planet and sun gear in epicyclic gearbox.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOne situation is when the planetary carrier is held stationary, and the sun gear is used as input. In this case, the planetary gears simply rotate about their own axes at a rate determined by the number of teeth in each gear. If the sun gear has S teeth, and each planet gear has P teeth, then the ratio is equal to -S\/P. This rotation of the planet gears can inturn drive the annulus, in a corresponding ratio. If the annulus has P teeth, then the annulus will rotate by P\/A turns for each turn of the planet gears.\r\n\r\nIn summarize:\r\n1. One turn of the sun gear results in - S \/ P turns of the planets\r\n2. One turn of a planet gear results in P \/ A turns of the annulus\r\n3. One turn of the sun gear results in \u2013S \/ A turns of the annulus\r\nOne situation is when the annulus may also be held fixed, with input provided to the planetary gear carrier; output rotation is then produced from the sun gear. This configuration will produce an increase in gear ratio, equal to 1+A\/S.\r\n\r\n\r\nThese are all described by the equation:\r\n(2+n)\u03c9a + 2\u03c9s \u2013 2(1+n) \u03c9c = 0\r\nWhere n is the form factor of the planetary gear, defined by: n = Ns\/Np\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages and Disadvantages of the epicyclic gear system\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Epicyclic Gearbox :\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThe planetary gearbox offers a set of distinct advantages which makes it an interesting alternative to traditional gear types such as helical and parallel shaft gearboxes\u00a0in applications requiring:\r\n\r\n \tHigh reduction ratios\r\n \tCompact and lightweight with high torque transmission\r\n \tHigh radial loads on the output shaft\r\n \tIt is quieter in operation\r\n \tUniform distribution of load over all gears having greater tooth contact.\r\n \tAll gears are constantly in mesh, so a change of one gear to another is possible without any loss.\r\n\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of planetary gear systems\r\n\u2022 Complexity\r\n\u2022 Assembly of gears is limited to specific teeth per gear ratios\r\n\u2022 Efficiency calculations are difficult\r\n\u2022 Driver and driven equipment must be in line to avoid additional gearing\r\n\r\nApplication of Epicyclic Gear\u00a0 train :\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n \tA good example of the everyday application of a planetary gear system is the automatic\u00a0transmission of a car.\r\n\r\n \tThe epicyclic gear trains are used in the back gear of lathe, differential gears of the automobiles, hoists, pulley blocks, wrist watches, etc.\r\n \tThe epicyclic gear trains are useful for transmitting high-velocity ratios with gears of moderate size in a comparatively lesser space.","headline":"Epicyclic Gear Train- Diagram, Parts, Working, Advantages , Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"June 17, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/partsofepicyclicgeartrian-300x300.png","height":300,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automated-glass-cleaning-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/DesignandFabricationofAutomatedGlassCurtainCleaningMachine-203x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Cleaning Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automated-glass-cleaning-machine/">Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Cleaning Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Curtain Cleaning Machine
Abstract - 
Window cleaning makes the building’s architectural glass free from dust and dirt. The traditional way of cleaning...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automated-glass-cleaning-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Cleaning Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Cleaning Machine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/automated-glass-cleaning-machine\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Curtain Cleaning Machine\r\nAbstract -\u00a0\r\nWindow cleaning makes the building\u2019s architectural glass free from dust and dirt. The traditional way of cleaning office windows cannot be applied to high rise windows with huge sections of glass. Cleaning the windows from outside requires special tools in going up and it\u2019s really unsafe. The Window cleaner proposed is an unmanned device which would be controlled by using a microcontroller. This device would be safer compared to traditional methods of window cleaning in case of high glass structures that increases risk in loss of human life. Structure of the proposed device consists of a triangular frame and uses suction cup based adhesion technique to adhere on the glass surface. The movement of the frame over the glass is done by using special rigging. The frame consists of an automated cleaner which is run by motors and pre-programmed microcontrollers. The automated cleaner moves in vertical direction within the frame using the threaded shaft.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nThere exists increasing demand for the development of various service equipments to relieve human beings from hazardous jobs and inspection of high pipes and walls. Window washing and cleaning makes the building\u2019s architectural glass free from dust and dirt. The traditional way of cleaning office windows cannot be applied to high rise windows with huge sections of glass. The reason is because windows are extremely inaccessible. Cleaning the windows from outside requires special tools in going up and it\u2019s really unsafe. This paper is based on a climbing system aimed to clean glasses of high-rise buildings, using suction cups for adhering to the glass. The idea is to build a small window climbing robot with suction cups which is able to move autonomously along the outside surface of window with a relatively sufficient area and meantime clean and wash it. Traditionally cleaning of building\/house windows is commonly done manually by cleaners or specialized personnel. Although the window cleaning is easy from inside the room it is not that easy from the outside. Cleaning of wide windows on tall and multi-story buildings is even more tedious and very dangerous procedure. It needs either hoisting machines for manual cleaning or large, heavy and very expensive automatic cleaning machines. As a result windows normally remain dirty or dusty form outside which might obstruct the room occupant's view. Instead our cleaning machine can be attached to the outside surface of a room window. The machine will execute and accomplish the task of window cleaning automatically.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nDesign and Fabrication of Automated Glass Cleaning Machine\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0LIST OF COMPONENTS USED IN AUTOMATED GLASS CURTAIN CLEANER\r\n\r\n\r\nThe major components used in automated glass curtain cleaner are as follows:\r\n1. Main Frame\r\n2. Threaded Shaft\r\n3. Lovejoy Coupling\r\n4. AC Motor\r\n5. Slider\r\n6. Cleaning Drum\r\n7. Cleaning Brush\r\n8. Outer Casing\r\n9. Wiper\r\n10. Base Wheel\r\n11. DC Motor\r\n12. Suction Cups\r\n13. Reed Switch\r\n14. Micro Switch\r\n15. Microcontroller\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK\r\n\r\n\r\nThe automated glass curtain cleaning machine has been successfully designed and fabricated. The project work implements a simple glass cleaning machine that uses a portable rigging for the motion there by reducing the cost of climbing mechanism. This machine can work well for buildings having completely glass exterior. The machine construction is able to perform its intended function: the efficient cleaning of glass surfaces. The suction cup attachment system ensures good contact with the support surface, is simple and reliable. Comparing with the traditional suction cup robots , the suction cup in this project does not need any onboard vacuum pump and it has advantages of no noise, little volume and weight. The overall weight of the machine is around 20kg. The cleaning process takes about 5 minutes to finish a glass window pane. Uniform cleaning by using rubber brush and optimal in-line water pump deliver soap water for removing stubborn stains and controlled spray of water by using microcontroller to reduce wastage of water. Cleans at faster rate when compared to other robots . With some modifications the machine can also be used for wall painting. Moreover, a dirt detecting technique is developed which detects dirt by measuring amount of dirt on the glass. Results of experiments using the dirt detecting technique show the validity of the discussions.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nReferences :\r\n\u00a0\r\nhttp:\/\/www.ijstr.org\/final-print\/sep2014\/Design-And-Fabrication-Of-Automated-Glass-Curtain-Cleaning-Machine.pdf","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Automated Glass Cleaning Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-12-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/DesignandFabricationofAutomatedGlassCurtainCleaningMachine-203x300.png","height":300,"width":203},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-mechanical-presses-used/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IntroductionToMechanicalPressesUsedForSheetMetal-300x183.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-mechanical-presses-used/">Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal   What Is Press Working ?
Press working may be defined as, a manufacturing process by which various components are made from sheet metal....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-mechanical-presses-used/" aria-label="View Post: Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/introduction-to-mechanical-presses-used\/","articleBody":"Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhat Is Press Working ?\r\nPress working may be defined as, a manufacturing process by which various components are made from sheet metal. This process is also termed as cold stamping. The machine used for press working is called a press.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe main features of a press are:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tA frame which support a ram or a slide and a bed, a source of mechanism for operating the ram in line with and normal to the bed.\r\n \tThe ram is equipped with suitable punch\/punches and a die block is attached to the bed.\r\n \t\u00a0A stamping is produced by the downward stroke of the ram when the punch moves towards and into the die block.\r\n \t\u00a0The punch and die block assembly is generally termed as a \u201cdie set\u201d or simple as the \u201cdie\u201d\r\n\r\n\r\nHow Does a it Work?\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe two major components are a stationary bed and a moving ram. The combination dies are attached to the ram and bed which enables giving specific shapes to metal sheet. The main components are clutch, flywheel and crankshaft. The rotation of the flywheel is powered by the motor. A clutch is used to couple the spinning flywheel to the crankshaft. The crankshaft then enables the rotary motion of the flywheel to the upward and downward motions of the press ram. A work piece is fed to the die and the tool cycle is initiated. A re-formed piece is formed when the upper and lower dies press together on the stock material. Once the down stroke is done, the work piece which is formed in a specific shape is removed and then another work piece is fed to repeat the same tool cycling.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nPress working operations:\r\nThe sheet metal operations done a press may be grouped into two categories.\r\n1: Cutting operations\r\n2: Forming operations\r\n\r\n\r\nIn cutting operations the work piece is stressed by its ultimate strength. The stresses caused in the metal the applied forces will be shear stresses. The cutting operations include:\r\n(a) Blanking \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(b) Punching \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(c) Notching\r\n(d) Perforating \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (e) Trimming \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (f) Shaving\r\n(g) Slitting \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(h) Lancing\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nIn forming operations , the stresses are below the ultimate strength of the metal , in this operation , there is no cutting of the metal but only the contour of the work piece is changed to get the desired product.\r\nThe forming operations include:\r\n(a) Bending \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(b) Drawing \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (c) Squeezing\r\n\u00a0\r\nPress Working Terminology\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nMechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1 Bed: The bed is the lower part of the press frame that serves as a table to which a Bolster plate is mounted.\r\n\u00a0\r\n2 Bolster Plate: This is a thick plate secured to the press bed , which is used for locating and supporting the die assembly. It is usually 5 to 12.5 cm thick.\r\n\u00a0\r\n3 Die Set: It is unit assembly which incorporates a lower and upper shoe, two or more guide parts and guide part bushings.\r\n\u00a0\r\n4 Die Block: It is a block or a plate which contains a die cavity.\r\n\u00a0\r\n5 Lower Shoe: The lower shoe of the die set is generally mounted on the bolster plate of a press. The die block is mounted on the lower shoe, also the guide post are mounted on it.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n6 Punch :This is male component of \u00a0a die assembly, which is directly or indirectly moved by and fastened to the press ram or slide.\r\n\u00a0\r\n7 Upper Shoe: This is the upper part of the die set which contains guide post bushings.\r\n\u00a0\r\n8 Punch Plate : The punch plate or punch retainer fits closely over the body of the punch and holds it in proper relative position.\r\n\u00a0\r\n9 Back up Plate: Back up plate or pressure plate is placed so that intensity of pressure does not become excessive on punch holder. The plate distributes the pressure over a wide area and the intensity of pressure on the punch holder is reduced to avoid crushing.\r\n\u00a0\r\n10 Stripper: It is a plate which is used to strip the metal strip from cutting a non-cutting Punch or die. It may also guide the sheet.","headline":"Introduction To Mechanical Presses Used For Sheet Metal","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-11-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/IntroductionToMechanicalPressesUsedForSheetMetal-300x183.jpg","height":183,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-steam-turbine-parts-of/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/PartsofSteamEngineandItsFunctions.-300x160.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-steam-turbine-parts-of/">Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function
Introduction to Steam Turbines
A steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-steam-turbine-parts-of/" aria-label="View Post: Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/introduction-to-steam-turbine-parts-of\/","articleBody":"Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function\r\nIntroduction to Steam Turbines\r\nA steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy by turning the blades of a rotor.\r\n\r\n \tSteam turbine convert a part of the energy of the steam evidenced by high temperature and pressure into mechanical power-in turn electrical power\r\n \tThe steam from the boiler is expanded in a nozzle, resulting in the emission of a high velocity jet. This jet of steam impinges on the moving vanes or blades, mounted on a shaft. Here it undergoes a change of direction of motion which gives rise to a change in momentum and therefore a force.\r\n \tThe motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to rotate.\r\n \tThe conversion of energy in the blades takes place by impulse, reaction or impulse reaction principle.\r\n \tSteam turbines are available in a few kW(as prime mover) to 1500 MW\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nMerits and Demerits of Steam Turbine\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nMerits:\r\n\u2022 Ability to utilize high pressure and high temperature steam.\r\n\u2022 High component efficiency.\r\n\u2022 High rotational speed.\r\n\u2022 High capacity\/weight ratio.\r\n\u2022 Smooth, nearly vibration-free operation.\r\n\u2022 No internal lubrication.\r\n\u2022 Oil free exhaust steam.\r\n\u2022 Can be built in small or very large units (up to 1200 MW).\r\n\u00a0\r\nDemerits:\r\n\u2022 For slow speed application reduction gears are required.\r\n\u2022 The steam turbine cannot be made reversible.\r\n\u2022 The efficiency of small simple steam turbines is poor.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nApplication:\r\nAs prime movers in all thermal and nuclear power plants to produce electricity, large ships, pumps and fans at petrochemical plants.\r\n\r\nApplication Of Steam Turbine For Automobile\r\n\r\nParts of Steam Engine and Its Functions.\r\n\r\nSteam engines are used very widely in engineering up to 1930 for generation of power but after it are replaced by internal combustion engine. Diesel engine, petrol engine are the common example of internal combustion engine. Steam engines are widely used on ships in old days at present they are replaced by diesel engines. To disclose some more important information about this old machine, I am giving some details about its parts and their functions in operating.\r\n\r\n01) Frame: -\r\nIt is the heavy casting which supports all the stationary and moving parts of the engine and holds them in proper alignment. It requires foundation to rest upon or engine bed plate fixed on engine foundation.\r\n\r\n02) Cylinder: -\r\nIt is the cast iron cylindrical hollow vessel in which the piston moves to and fro under the pressure of steam. Crank side end and outer end of cylinder is closed by end covers and made steam-tight.\r\n\r\n03) Steam Chest: -\r\nIt is the closed chamber integral with the cylinder. It supplies steam to the cylinder with the movement of slide valve.\r\n\r\n04) Stuffing Box and Gland: -\r\nThis part is fitted on the crank end cover of the cylinder and their function is to prevent the leakage of steam past the piston rod.\r\n\r\n05) Piston: -\r\nIt is the cast iron cylindrical disc moving to and fro in the cylinder under the action of the steam pressure. This part converts heat energy of steam into mechanical work. Cast iron piston rings make the piston steam tight in the cylinder and thereby prevent the leakage of steam past the piston.\r\n\r\n06) Cross head: -\r\nIt is the link between piston rod and the connecting rod. It guides the motion of the piston rod and prevents it from bending.\r\n\r\n07) Connecting Rod: -\r\nIt is cast iron part which helps to convert reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion of the crank. Gudgeon pin is used to connect one end of connecting rod to cross head and its open end is connected to the crankshaft.\r\n\r\n08) Crankshaft: -\r\nIt is made from mild steel on which flywheel is mounted on it. It is supported on the main bearings of the engine and it is free to rotate in them.\r\n\r\n09) Slide Valve: -\r\nFixed on the steam chest and its function are to admit the steam from steam chest to the cylinder, and exhaust the steam from the cylinder at the proper moment. The valve gets to and fro motion from the eccentric fitted on the crankshaft.\r\n\r\n10) Main Bearings: -\r\nThis part support crank shaft and fitted in the engine frame known as main bearing journal.\r\n\r\n11) Flywheel: -\r\nIt is made from cast iron or cast steel and mounted on the crankshaft to prevent the fluctuation of engine speed throughout the stroke and to carry the crank smoothly over the dead centers.\r\n\r\n12) Governor: -\r\nTo control the speed of the engine according to the load conditions, the governor is used. The speed of the engine is controls either by the quantity or pressure of the steam supplied to the engine.","headline":"Introduction to Steam turbine | Parts Of Steam turbine and its Function","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-11-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/PartsofSteamEngineandItsFunctions.-300x160.jpg","height":160,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=254">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=253"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>253</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=254"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>254</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>255</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=256"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>256</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=257"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>257</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=256">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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