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System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Direction Control Valve | Types Of DCV in Fluid System
 What are Directional Control Valves ?
As the name suggests, the function of a directional control valve (DCV) is to control the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-direction-control-valve-types-of-dcv-in-fluid-system/" aria-label="View Post: What is Direction Control Valve  | Types Of DCV in Fluid System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Direction Control Valve  | Types Of DCV in Fluid System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-direction-control-valve-types-of-dcv-in-fluid-system\/","articleBody":"What is Direction Control Valve | Types Of DCV in Fluid System\r\n\u00a0What are Directional Control Valves ?\r\nAs the name suggests, the function of a directional control valve (DCV) is to control the direction of flow in a hydraulic circuit. ;\r\nIn other words, directional control valves (DCFs) regulate the direction in which the I fluidflows in a hydraulic circuit. ;\r\nIn addition to controlling direction of actuator motion, the directional valves are also used to select alternate control circuits, and (zr) to perform logic control functions.\u00a0\r\nThese valves are not intended to change the rate of flow of fluid; but they are either completely open or completely closed. They can be actuated to switch the fluid flow direction by various actuating means such as electrical, mechanical or fluid pressure\u00a0 signals. This results in corresponding connection or disruption of flow between various\u00a0 port openings.\u00a0\r\n\r\n Direction Control Valve\r\nClassification of Directional Control Valves\r\nThe directional control valves can be classified in many different ways.\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. The directional control valves are basically classified, according to the construction into three groups, as\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. Poppet (or seat) valves,\u00a0\r\n2. Sliding spool valves, and\u00a0\r\n3. Rotary spool valves.\r\n\r\n2. Based on the number of ports' present, the directional control valves may be classified as\r\n\r\n(1) Two way valves,\r\n(2) Three way valves, and\r\n(3) Four way valves. .\r\n\r\n3. Based on the mode of actuation, the directional control valves can be classified as :\r\n\r\n(1) Manually operated directional valves,\r\n(2) Mechanically operated directional valves,\r\n(3) Solenoid operated directional valves, and\r\n(4) Pilot operated directional valves. .\r\n\r\n4. However, for our study we can classify the directional control valves into three :\r\n1. Check valves,\r\n2. Position valves, and\r\n3. Shuttle valves.\u00a0\r\nSpecification\r\nDiectional Control Valves are generally specified using the number of ports and the number of switching positions. It can be represented in general form as np\/ns, where np is the number of ports connected to the direction control valve and ns the number of switching positions.\r\n\r\nIn addition, the method of actuation and the return method can also be specified. A hypothetical valve could be specified as 4-way, 3-position direction control valve or 4\/3 DCV since there are four ports and three switching positions for the valve. In this example, one port is called the pressure port which is connected to the pump; one port is the tank port and is connected to the tank (or reservoir); and the two remaining ports are called working ports and are connected to the actuator. Apart from characteristics of valve the fluid suitable for valve, working temperature and viscosity also thought upon before selecting a particular type of valve.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0More Resources \/articles\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nIndustrial Engineering Notes , Articles , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Direction Control Valve  | Types Of DCV in Fluid System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Direction-Control-Valve-300x110.jpg","height":110,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/solar-powered-refrigerator-report-pdf-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/solar-powered-refrigerator-mini-mechanical-projects-300x229.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/solar-powered-refrigerator-report-pdf-download/">Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download - Mini Mechanical project 
INTRODUCTION
Electricity generation is the leading cause of industrial air pollution in the country. Most of our...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/solar-powered-refrigerator-report-pdf-download/" aria-label="View Post: Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/solar-powered-refrigerator-report-pdf-download\/","articleBody":"Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download - Mini Mechanical project\u00a0\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nElectricity generation is the leading cause of industrial air pollution in the country. Most of our electricity comes from coal, nuclear, and other non-renewable power plants. Producing energy from these resources takes a severe toll on our environment, polluting our air, land. Renewable energy sources can be used to produce electricity with fewer environmental impacts. It is possible to make electricity from renewable energy sources without producing CO2.\r\nRenewable energy is energy derived from natural resources that replenish themselves over a period of time without depleting the Earth's resources. These resources also have the benefit of being abundant, available in some capacity nearly everywhere, and they cause little, if any, environmental damage. Energy from the sun, wind, and thermal energy stored in the Earth's crust are examples. For comparison, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas are not renewable, since their quantity is finite once we have extracted them they will cease to be available for use as an economically-viable energy source. While they are produced through natural processes, these processes are too slow to replenish these fuels as quickly as humans use them, so these sources will run out sooner or later.\r\nSo this project is intended at the development of a solar based compressor free mini fridge. This fridge will be suitable for cooling purposes meant for small objects and will have a relatively small chilling time as compared to the normal refrigeration systems. Also for the backup, this fridge will be attached to a dynamo based charging system which will maintain the smooth operation of fridge in case of non-availability of solar power.\r\nCONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN\r\n solar powered refrigerator mini mechanical projects\r\nDimensions of the fridge\r\n1. Outer Dimensions\r\n\r\nLength: 30 cm\r\nBreadth: 20 cm\r\nHeight: 21 cm (including the stands)\r\n\r\n2. Inner Dimensions\r\n\r\nLength: 25.5 cm\r\nBreadth: 15.5 cm\r\nHeight: 8 cm\r\n\r\n3. Volume of the fridge 3.162 Litres\r\nSteps in the construction of the fridge\r\n\r\n \tFirstly a box of thermocol is made of given dimensions and then the inner walls of the box are covered with the aluminium sheet and the outer walls by the chart paper.\r\n \tThe taping of the box from outer side is done so as to provide mechanical support and blocking of air.\r\n \tThe two Peltier units are well placed in the two holes made in the box and kept on the heat sink with hot side attached to the heat sink surface and cold side inside the box.\r\n \tThe heat sink is linked with a fan which is used to dissipate the heat of heat sink into the outer atmosphere i.e. out of the thermocol box. So, the hot side of peltier unit is unable to affect the temperature inside the box.\r\n \tAll the electrical connections are made putting a switch for on\/off and a LED as an indicator whether the fridge is working or not. Two batteries each of 12 Volts DC, 7.5 Ah are connected in parallel with the peltier units connected in series and the two cooling fans.\r\n \tAll the electrical connections are made strong by soldering them and all the wires are arranged properly so as to avoid any inconvenience for the user.\r\n\r\nWORKING OF THE PROJECT\r\nFridge\r\n\r\n \t The fridge is provided power supply form a 12 volt DC 7.5 amphrs battery.\r\n \tTo start the fridge, the switch on the fridge is turned on.\r\n \tWhen the switch is turned on, a led starts glowing indicating that the fridge is now online.\r\n \tNow two Peltier thermoelectric devices which are insulated from the cooling side and arranges in the fridge generates cooling effect on inner side and heat is dissipated on outer side.\r\n \tOn the heat side of the peltier unit, a heat sink along with the fan works to dissipate the heat from the peltier unit in the outer environment.\r\n \tThe Peltier thermoelectric Device will be so arranged in a box with proper insulation system and heat sink so that efficient cooling takes place at all the time.\r\n \tTo turn off the fried, switch can be turned off. Then the glowing led will also stop glowing indicating no power for the fridge.\r\n\r\nBattery charging\r\n\r\nThe batteries used in the fridge are charged from the solar panels using a charge controller rated 12volts, 10 amps. The battery is connected to the charge controllers which get supply from the solar panels and feeds it to the battery.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSolar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download - Mini Mechanical project\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nBest Low Cost Mechanical Projects\r\nSolar Energy , Solar Operated Projects\r\nEco- friendly or Pollution Free projects\r\nRenewable Energy Sources , Power Generation Projects List - Abstract\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Solar Powered Refrigerator Report PDF Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/solar-powered-refrigerator-mini-mechanical-projects-300x229.jpg","height":229,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-bridge-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/hydraulic-bridge-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-bridge-project/">Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project
INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic bridge is our major project . in this project we will move bridge using hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic actuators controlled...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-bridge-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-bridge-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nHydraulic bridge is our major project . in this project we will move bridge using hydraulic pressure. Hydraulic actuators controlled energy to the punch. so the Operator needs to provide only modest effort regardless of conditions. Hydraulic Punching machine helps to make hole in Various size by changing tool. As well, Hydraulic Punch provides some feedback of forces acting on the Sheet and Hole can Made in Sheet metal.\r\n\r\nHydraulic Hole punching machine is reduce Effort To Operator. Operator Need Very Less amount of effort.\r\n\r\nHydraulic hole punching machine operated by compressed Air. Hydraulic clamp have Hydraulic Cylinder, 5\/2 Flow control Hand Lever valve With a punch machine holes are punched in work pieces via a Hydraulic cylinder. The cylinder is equipped with two sensors 1S1 and 1S2 which report a 1 if the back or the front of the end state is reached and is controlled via a magnetic valve. The cylinder seems simple. Moving out of position is effected via compressed air as soon as 1Y1 is activated, moving into position is effected via spring force.\r\n\r\nThe punch system is activated via two push-buttons, S1 and S2. In order to avoid accidents during the production both buttons have to be activated to run the punch machine.\r\n\r\nA control has to be installed which ensures that both buttons are activated before the cylinder punches a hole into the work piece. In addition, safety measures have to be taken so that no manipulation is possible, for example, the push-button is glued. That means that the punch must only be operated when the two buttons are actually pressed anew.\r\n\r\nThe following tasks result from this exercise:\r\n\r\nCreation of an assignment table with inputs and outputs\r\n\r\nCreation of the project in Step7\r\n\r\nCreation of symbol table in Step7\r\n\r\nCreation of the program\r\n\r\nChecking with PLCSIM\r\n\r\nSolution approaches: In order to put this control into practice an Edge evaluation is necessary in any case. This is the only way that the running of the punch machine is guaranteed when the buttons are pressed (signal 0 -&gt; 1). The output 1Y1 has to be controlled with memory units as otherwise the cylinder has to \u201csave\u201d its state after the two buttons have been pressed, before the front end state resets the saved state.\r\n\r\nhydraulic bridge\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\n \tHydraulic Cylinder.\r\n \tCompressor.\r\n \tSolenoid control valve\r\n \tDie(male, female)clamp\r\n\r\nThe main objective of our project presentation topics is to designing and developing a very compact, punch making machine. Initially the switch unit operates the compressor which delivers the air to the solenoid valve at certain pressure. The solenoid controls the flow direction of air to the Hydraulic cylinder. Thus the reciprocating motion of the Hydraulic cylinder creates high force to punch the work piece. This part consists of two parts one is fixed called upper die, at the base and other is fixed called lower die at the end of piston rod. This part is moved up and down to provide the force on the object.\r\n\r\nHere in this project presentation topics we used for carrying the objects from one side to another side the object when it comes, if it detects the object means it will out puts a low pulse to the controller. Hydraulic is act as punching equipment. We can connect seal or cup cast with the Hydraulic for cup production. Different seals and casts are used for punching the different shapes. When control unit detects the low pulse from then that will ON the Hydraulic for Punch. After a second the controller will OFF the Hydraulic. After getting the punch from the Hydraulic spiral punch making.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tIt reduces the manual work\r\n \tIt reduces the production time\r\n \tUniform application of the load gives perfect removing of the bearing.\r\n \tDamages to the bearing due to the hammering is prevented\r\n \tIt occupies less floor space\r\n \tLess skilled operator is sufficient\r\n\r\nLIMITATIONS\r\n\r\n \tInitial cost is high\r\n \tCylinder stroke length is constant\r\n \tNeed a separate compressor\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\n \tPressing Operation in all industries\r\n \tPaper punching industries\r\n \tLeather washer operation in all industries\r\n \tPunching operation also done.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProduct Ideas , Innovative Machine Ideas Projects\r\nHydraulic and Pneumatic Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nHydraulic Jack Projects\r\nNon traditional machining Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nCAD \/ CAM Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Design and Fabrication Of Hydraulic Bridge Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/hydraulic-bridge-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/air-cooler-cum-water-chiller-report-download-mechanical-projects/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/storage-tank-300x172.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download &#8211; Mechanical Projects</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/air-cooler-cum-water-chiller-report-download-mechanical-projects/">Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download &#8211; Mechanical Projects</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download - Mechanical Projects
ABSTRACT
“AIR COOLER CUM WATER CHILLER” as the name suggest that it is the modification of the conventional cooler. It is the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/air-cooler-cum-water-chiller-report-download-mechanical-projects/" aria-label="View Post: Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download &#8211; Mechanical Projects">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download &#8211; Mechanical Projects","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/air-cooler-cum-water-chiller-report-download-mechanical-projects\/","articleBody":"Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download - Mechanical Projects\r\nABSTRACT\r\n\u201cAIR COOLER CUM WATER CHILLER\u201d as the name suggest that it is the modification of the conventional cooler. It is the Air Conditioner cum refrigerator for people who cannot afford costly equipment like air conditioner, refrigerator and other such appliances. It cools the air more than the conventional Air Cooler.\r\nThe Air cooler cum water chiller is developed for providing better cooling effect than conventional air cooler. It also provides cold water for drinking purpose comparatively at low cost than Refrigerator. It also decreased moisture content of the air coming through desert cooler upto some extent.\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nIn India during summer season the average temperature is around 450 C. To maintain comfortable conditions in summer season various appliances like Air Conditioners, coolers and fans are used. The cost of such appliances is quite high which is beyond reach of common man.\r\nAlso during summer season everyone needs cool air and cold water for drinking purpose. So to be comfortable in this season we need cold water and cool air. To fulfill these requirements we need to purchase two different appliances one for cooling air and other appliance for cooling water. Also space required for installation of this appliances is more.\r\n\r\nInnovation and Modification is the nature of engineering. Hence we have introduced \u201cAIR COOLER CUM WATER CHILLER\u201d. Main purpose of our project is to provide both of these facilities that is cool air and cold water in single unit and to provide this unit at affordable cost for common man. Due to the single unit the space required for installation is also less. This unit can be used in homes, offices, banks, auditorium halls, etc.\r\nPROBLEM STATEMENT:\r\nIn big cities like Pune, Aurangabad, Nagpur and other such cities space availability is big problem. In summer season there is need of cool air and cold water. Hence we require two separate units that is air cooler and water chiller or refrigerator. Hence space requirement is more\r\nand also the cost is higher.\r\nHence we have to develop a unit which fulfills both the purpose and possess less space for Installation with affordable rate. Also there is scope for developing this unit for industrial applications.\r\nMETHODOLOGY\r\nIn order to design the model which will cool both air and water, heat exchangers theory should be understood. In order to modify existing desert cooler heat exchanger analysis should be done.\r\n\r\nMore surface area will give good results of cooling but size of whole unit will increase. So to make it compact certain arrangements are done which are:\r\n\r\n \tArranging high conductivity concentric vessels.\r\n \tAs this arrangement is outside the air cooler, it will require more floor space.\r\n \tDipping Coil in the lower tank of cooler.\r\n \tThe coil of metal having high thermal conductivity is dipped in lower tank of the cooler, so there will not be any extra floor space required.\r\n\r\nConstruction\r\nIt consists of,\r\n1. Drinking Water Storage tank.\r\n2. Copper Coil\r\n3. Battery\r\n4. Connecting pipes.\r\n\r\n1. Drinking Water Storage tank :\r\n\r\nIt is two liter LDPE tank with pump. (It is used in the automobiles for storing wiping water.)\r\n\r\nstorage tank\r\nADVANTAGES:\r\n1) Space required for installation is less.\r\n2) Cost of unit is less and hence economical.\r\n3) Less maintenance requirements.\r\n4) Effective cooling can be achieved.\r\nLIMITATIONS:\r\nAir cooler works on principle of relative humidity but in cities like Mumbai humidity is high so air cooler don\u2019t give expected results of cooling.\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nAir Cooler cum Water Chiller report PDF Download - Mechanical Projects\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nRenewable Energy Sources , Power Generation Projects List - Abstract\r\nThermal Engineering Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nRefrigeration and Air conditioning Projects\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nProduct Ideas , Innovative Machine Ideas Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Air Cooler cum Water Chiller report Download &#8211; Mechanical Projects","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/storage-tank-300x172.jpg","height":172,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/solar-powered-water-pumping-system-report-pdf-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Solar-Powered-Water-Pumping-System-Report-Download-300x169.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report PDF Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/solar-powered-water-pumping-system-report-pdf-download/">Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report PDF Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report pdf Download
ABSTRACT:
The performance of a solar water pumping system is discussed in this paper ;the system consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/solar-powered-water-pumping-system-report-pdf-download/" aria-label="View Post: Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report PDF Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report PDF Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/solar-powered-water-pumping-system-report-pdf-download\/","articleBody":"Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report pdf Download\r\nABSTRACT:\r\nThe performance of a solar water pumping system is discussed in this paper ;the system consists of a photovoltaic (PV) array, a permanent magnet (PM) DC motor and a helical rotor pump. The operation of the PV array is analysed using PSPICE. The efficiency of the system is improved with a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and a sun-tracker. Simulation and field test results are presented.\r\nUSE OF SOLAR ENERGY:\r\nSolar energy can be utilized in two ways:\r\n\r\nSolar Thermal (ST) technologies where the heat produced are used to operate devices for heating, cooling, drying, water purification and power generation. The devices suitable for use by village communities include solar hot water heaters, solar cookers and solar driers.\r\n\r\nSolar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems which convert sunlight into electricity for use applications such as lighting, pumping, communication and refrigeration.\r\n\r\nThe Solar Energy Programme is prominent among the technology-based renewable energy programmes of the MNES. Areas covered under this programme include solar thermal technology (hot water systems, cookers, dryers, solar passive architecture etc.), solar photovoltaic technology (lanterns, fixed systems, pumpsets) as well as information dissemination, marketing, standardisation of products and R&amp;D. The support to the programme is mainly in the form of subsidies and technical support.\r\nSOLAR ENERGY FOR AGRICULTURE\r\nThe demand for electrical energy is far outstripping supply, especially in the agricultural sector, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet this exponential growth in demand Agricultural productivity is closely associated to direct and indirect energy inputs and policies are required to consolidate this relationship to the benefit of farmers. If rural development is to be achieved, energy inputs must be made available, and this might require special efforts from the country as a whole, to develop and utilize renewable energy sources most important being the solar energy, to their potential which remains far from being tapped to the potential. Rural electrification has eluded the most far flung rural areas of the countries.\r\nSOLAR CELL\r\nThe solar cell operates on the principle of the photovoltaic effect - the creation of charge carrier with in a material by the absorption of energy from the incident solar radiation. The efficiency of solar cells in converting incident solar energy into electrical energy depends on the illumination spectrum intensity, materials of construction and design of the cell, atmospheric temperature and dustiness of the sky. Solar cell used in running DC electric motors have efficiencies ranging from 10 to 12 percent.\r\nSilicon is the most commonly used material for making solar cells. Other materials include cadmium sulfide and gallium arsenate. The fabrication of the solar cell involves a large number of processes. Wafer form, followed by junction formation, contact fabrication and anti-reflection coating on the active surface of the cell. The outer surface of the panel is protected by a special tempered glass which provides high transmittance of sunlight.\r\n\r\n Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report Download\r\n\r\nThe solar pump unit consists essentially of a solar array, a direct current electric motor and a pumping unit. The other components are the electrical control and some mechanism for tracking the array against the sun. Many types of pumping sets are used with photovoltaic systems, a vertical centrifugal pump coupled to a submersible DC electric motor or an ordinary volute centrifugal pump close-coupled to a horizontal DC electric motor.\r\n\r\nHowever, the submersible pump unit is more suitable for the photovoltaic system. The arrangement eliminates the suction pipe and foot valve and results in a higher efficiency of the pumping unit. The submersible pump is made leakproof by a silicon carbide mechanical seal. In case of volute pump, care is taken to limit the pump suction within about 5m to maintain a high level of pump efficiency. The output of the solar array varies with the intensity of the incoming radiation and other factors. Hence, it is necessary to match a variable-speed DC motor with the panel output. At least one make of photovoltaic powered pumping sets utilizes a maximum power-control unit as an integral part of the system, in order to match the load on the pump to the varying power output of the panel.\r\nADVANTAGES OF SPV PUMPING SYSTEM\r\nCost effective: \r\n\r\nThe life cycle and the cost to ultimate beneficairy make the SPV systems cost effective as compared to conventional systems. IN addition the farmer is saved from the capital investment he has to make for drawing lines from the grid to his field\/farms.The govt. may save huge resources which otherwise may be uneconomical to network every agriculture field under the state electricity grid.\r\n\r\nReliable:\r\n\r\n The SPV is more reliable, consistent and predictable power option as compared to conventional power system in rural areas.\r\n\r\nFree fuel:\r\n\r\nSunlight, the fuel source of SPV system is a widely available, inexhaustible, and reliable and free energy source.Hence the SPV system has no monthly fuel bills.\r\n\r\nLow maintenance: \r\n\r\nThe system operates on little servicing and no refueling, making them popular for remote rural areas, hence the operation and maintenance is very low. The suppliers provide maintenance at a very low annual maintenance contract rates.\r\n\r\nLocal generation of power: \r\n\r\nThe SPV system make use of local resourcesunlight. This provides greater energy security and control of access to energy.\r\n\r\nEasy transportation: \r\n\r\nAs SPV systems are modular in nature they can easily be transported in pieces\/components and are easily expandable to enhance the capacity\r\n\r\nEnergy Conservation :\r\n\r\n Solar energy is clearly one of the most effective energy conservation programs and provides a means for decentrailized PV generated power in rural areas.Solar pump is energy efficient and a decentralized system avoids any unnecessary expenditure on T &amp; D networks\r\n\r\nWater conservation : \r\n\r\nThe SPV sets are highly economical when combined with water conservation techniques such as drip irrigation &amp; night time distribution of (day time pumped &amp; stored) water. The SPV system leads to optimum exploitation of scarce ground water.\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSolar Powered Water Pumping System Report PDF Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nPower and Electricity Generation Projects\r\nWater Pump Projects\r\nSolar Energy , Solar Operated Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nDesign and Fabrication projects - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Solar Powered Water Pumping System Report PDF Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Solar-Powered-Water-Pumping-System-Report-Download-300x169.jpg","height":169,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/steering-controlled-adaptive-headlights-with-sensor-report/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Steering-Controlled-Adaptive-Headlights-with-Sensor-Report-Download-200x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/steering-controlled-adaptive-headlights-with-sensor-report/">Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report Download
INTRODUCTION
Now a days, in hilly areas, due to improper facility in the roads, no of accidents takes place.Most of accidents...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/steering-controlled-adaptive-headlights-with-sensor-report/" aria-label="View Post: Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/steering-controlled-adaptive-headlights-with-sensor-report\/","articleBody":"Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report Download\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nNow a days, in hilly areas, due to improper facility in the roads, no of accidents takes place.Most of accidents takes place in the night time. The reason in this type of accident is that the driver is not able to see the road path during the turning condition where the street facility is not available.\r\nSo the present invention relates to headlights of an automobile, more particularly to a direction turning device for headlights of an automobile which enables to turn direction synchronously with the rotation of the steering and hence increasing the safety for driving at night or in the darkness.\r\nIn this project we have implemented the same needs such i.e the rotation of the head lights with respective to the rotation of steering using rack and pinion\r\nmechanism. headlights can also be moved in up and down direction with the effective use of sensor called accelerometer which is controlled by a micro controller. In other word up and down movement takes place depending upon the orientation of vehicle which helps the driver to drive in slope areas. This type of technology can be implemented in normal vehicles as a very simple mechanism is used i.e rack and pinion. It will be very cost effective because of it!s simpler design and very simple principle.\r\nFOLLOWING PARTS INVOLVED IN THIS PROJECT:-\r\n\r\n \tFour plastic wheels\r\n \tHeadlights\r\n \tStepper motor\r\n \tRack\r\n \tPinion\r\n \tMild steel materials(for linkages)\r\n \tMicrocontroller -AT89C51\r\n \tPrinted circuit board (PCB)\r\n \tAccelerometer\r\n \tBattery(Power supplies)\/Adapter\r\n \tADC(Anologue to digital converter)\r\n \tL298 stepper motor controller\u00a0\r\n\r\nStepper motor\r\nElectric motors are broadly classified into two different categories: DC (Direct Current) and AC (Alternating Current). Within these categories are numerous types, each offering unique abilities that suit them well for specific applications. In most cases, regardless of type, electric motors consist of a stator (stationary field) and rotor (the rotating field or armature) and operate through the interaction of magnetic flux and electric current to produce rotational speed and torque. DC motors are distinguished by their ability to operate from direct current. There are different kinds of D.C. motors, but they all work on the same principles. In this chapter, we will study their basic principle of operation and their characteristics. It\u2019s important to understand motor characteristics so we can choose the right one for our application requirement.\r\n\r\nSteering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report Download\r\nAccelerometer\r\nIt is a device used to measure the orientation of the vehicle as vehicle move upwards or downwards. Depending upon the orientation it gives a analogue value to the microcontroller using ADC (analogue to digital converter) and then microcontroller decides the movement of headlight as per the program.\r\n\r\nFor example:-\r\n\r\nIf a vehicle moves towards up, then the analogue value in the accelerometer varies and the value goes down. As it moves down ,it gives a signal to microcontroller with the effective use of ADC and makes headlight to move down If a vehicle moves towards down, then the analogue value in the accelerometer varies and the value goes up. As it moves up ,it gives a signal to microcontroller with the effective use of ADC and makes headlight to move up.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSteering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report PDF Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nBest Low Cost Mechanical Projects\r\nPower and Electricity Generation Projects\r\nRobotic and automation projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Steering Controlled Adaptive Headlights with Sensor Report","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-09-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Steering-Controlled-Adaptive-Headlights-with-Sensor-Report-Download-200x300.jpg","height":300,"width":200},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=22">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=21"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>21</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=22"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>22</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>23</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=24"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>24</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=25"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>25</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=24">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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