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Psychrometry and Gas Mixtures | Interview viva ,oral  Question and Answers  1. What is humidification and dehumidification?  The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/psychrometry-and-gas-mixtures-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Psychrometry and Gas Mixtures | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Psychrometry and Gas Mixtures | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/psychrometry-and-gas-mixtures-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Psychrometry and Gas Mixtures | Interview Question and Answers\r\nPsychrometry and Gas Mixtures | Interview viva ,oral\u00a0 Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is humidification and dehumidification?\r\n\r\nThe addition of water vapour into air is humidification and the removal of water vapour from air is dehumidification.\r\n\r\nRead more\u00a0Introduction to Psychrometry terms and Psychrometry Charts\r\n\r\n2. Differentiate absolute humidity and relative humidity.\r\n\r\nAbsolute humidity is the mass of water vapour present in one kg of dry air.\r\nRelative humidity is the ratio of the actual mass of water vapour present in one kg of dry air at the given temperature to the maximum mass of water vapour it can withhold at the same temperature. Absolute humidity is expressed in terms of kg\/kg of dry air. Relative humidity is expressed in terms of percentage.\r\n\r\n3. What is effective temperature?\r\n\r\nThe effective temperature is a measure of feeling warmth or cold to the human body in response to their temperature, moisture content and air motion. If the air at different DBT and RH condition carries the same amount of heat as the heat carried by the air at temperature T and 100% RH, then the temperature T is known as effective temperature.\r\n\r\n4. Define Relative humidity.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the ratio of partial pressure of water vapour (pw) in a mixture to the saturation pressure(ps) of pure water at the same temperature of mixture.\r\n\r\n5. Define specific humidity.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapour (ms) in a given volume to the mass of dry air in a given volume (ma).\r\n\r\n6. Define degree of saturation.\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt is the ratio of the actual specific humidity and the saturated specific humidity at the same temperature of the mixture.\r\n\r\n7. What is dew point temperature?\r\n\r\nThe temperature at which the vapour starts condensing is called dew point temperature. It is also equal to the saturation temperature at the partial pressure of water vapour in the mixture. The dew point temperature is an indication of specific humidity.\r\n\r\n8. What is meant by dry bulb temperature (DBT)?\r\n\r\nThe temperature recorded by the thermometer with a dry bulb. The dry bulb thermometer cannot affect by the moisture present in the air. It is the measure of sensible heat of the air.\r\n\r\n9. What is meant by wet bulb temperature (WBT)?\r\n\r\nIt is the temperature recorded by a thermometer whose bulb is covered with cotton wick (wet)saturated with water. The wet bulb temperature may be the measure of enthalpy of air. WBT is the lowest temperature recorded by moistened bulb.\r\n\r\n10. Define dew point depression.\r\n\r\nIt is the difference between dry bulb temperature and dew point temperature of air vapour mixture.\r\n\r\n11. What is meant by adiabatic saturation temperature (or) thermodynamic wet bulb? Temperature?\r\n\r\nIt is the temperature at which the outlet air can be brought into saturation state by passing through the water in the long insulated duct (adiabatic) by the evaporation of water due to latent heat of vaporization.\r\n\r\n12.What is psychrometer?\u00a0\r\n\r\nPsychrometer is an instrument which measures both dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature.\r\n\r\n13. What is Psychrometric chart?\r\n\r\nIt is the graphical plot with specific humidity and partial pressure of water vapour in y axis and dry bulb temperature along x axis. The specific volume of mixture, wet bulb temperature, relative humidity and enthalpy are the properties appeared in the Psychrometric chart.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0What is Psychometric Chart - Psychometric chart Free Download\r\n\r\n14. Define sensible heat and latent heat.\u00a0\r\n\r\nSensible heat is the heat that changes the temperature of the substance when added to it or when abstracted from it. Latent heat is the heat that does not affect the temperature but change of state occurred by adding the heat or by abstracting the heat.\r\n\r\n15. What are the important Psychrometric processes?\r\n\r\n1. Sensible heating and sensible cooling,\r\n2. Cooling and dehumidification,\r\n3. Heating and humidification,\r\n4. Mixing of air streams,\r\n5. Chemical dehumidification,\r\n6. Adiabatic evaporative cooling.\r\n\r\npsychrometric process\r\n\r\n16. What is meant by adiabatic mixing?\r\n\r\nThe process of mixing two or more stream of air without any heat transfer to the surrounding is known as adiabatic mixing. It is happened in air conditioning system.\r\n\r\n17. What are the assumptions made in Vander Waal\u2019s equation of state?\r\n\r\n1. There is no inter molecular forces between particles.\r\n2. The volume of molecules is negligible in comparison with the gas.\r\n\r\n18. Define coefficient of volume expansion.\r\n\r\nThe coefficient of volume expansion is defined as the change in volume with the change in temperature per unit volume.\r\n\r\n19. State Helmholtz function.\r\n\r\nHelmholtz function is the property of a system and is given by subtracting the product of absolute temperature (T) and entropy (S) from the internal energy (U).\r\nHelmholtz function = U \u2013 TS\r\n\r\n20. What are thermodynamic properties?\r\n\r\nThermodynamic properties are pressure (p), temperature (T), volume (V), internal energy (U), Enthalpy(H), entropy (S), Helmholtz function and Gibbs function\r\n\r\n21. Define throttling process.\r\n\r\nWhen a fluid expands through a minute orifice or slightly opened valve, the process is called as throttling process. During this process, pressure and velocity are reduced.\r\n\r\n22. Define Molecular mass.\r\n\r\nMolecular mass is defined as the ratio between total mass of the mixture to the total number of moles available in the mixture.\r\n\r\n23. Define isothermal compressibility.\r\n\r\nIsothermal compressibility is defined as the change in volume with change in pressure per unit volume keeping the temperature constant.\r\n\r\n24. Define psychrometry.\r\n\r\nThe science which deals with the study of behavior of moist air (mixture of dry air and water vapour)is known as Psychrometry.\r\n\r\n25. What is by-pass factor?\r\n\r\nThe ratio of the amount of air which does not contact the cooling coil (amount of bypassing air) to the amount of supply air is called BPF.\r\n\r\n26. Define Apparatus Dew Point (ADP) of cooling coil?\r\n\r\nFor dehumidification, the cooling coil is to be kept at a mean temperature which is below the dew point temperature (DPT) of the entering. This temperature of the coil is called ADP Temperature.\r\n\r\n27. State Dalton\u2019s law of partial pressure\r\n\r\nDalton\u2019s law of partial pressure states that \u201cthe pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of pressures of its each components if each component is exerted alone of the temperature and volume of the mixture\u201d.\r\n\r\n28. What is the significance of compressibility factor?\r\n\r\nThe gases deviate from ideal gas behavior significantly at high pressures and low temperatures. This deviation from ideal gas behavior at a given temperature and pressure can be determined by the introduction of a correction factor called the compressibility factor.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nRAC \/ HVAC - Articles , Notes , Que and Answers\r\nRenewable Energy Sources , Power Generation Projects List - Abstract\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Psychrometry and Gas Mixtures | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/psychrometric-process.png","height":225,"width":240},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ideal-and-real-gases-thermodynamic-relations-interview-questions/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/tds-equation-300x84.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ideal-and-real-gases-thermodynamic-relations-interview-questions/">Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions and Answers
Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview , viva , oral Questions and Answers  1. Define Ideal...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ideal-and-real-gases-thermodynamic-relations-interview-questions/" aria-label="View Post: Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/ideal-and-real-gases-thermodynamic-relations-interview-questions\/","articleBody":"Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions and Answers\r\nIdeal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview , viva , oral Questions and Answers\r\n\r\n1. Define Ideal gas.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as a gas having no forces of intermolecular attraction. These gases will follow the gas laws at all ranges of pressures and temperatures.\r\n\r\n2. What are the properties of ideal gas?\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. An ideal gas consists of a large number of identical molecules.\r\n2. The volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligible compared to the volume occupied by the gas.\r\n3. The molecules obey Newton's laws of motion, and they move in random motion.\r\n. The molecules experience forces only during collisions; any collisions are completely elastic, and take a negligible amount of time.\r\n\r\n3. Define Real gas.\r\n\r\nIt is defined, as a gas having the forces of attraction between molecules tends to be very small at reduced pressures and elevated temperatures.\r\n\r\n4. What is equation of state?\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe relation between the independent properties such as pressure, specific volume and temperature for a pure substance is known as the equation of state.\r\n\r\n5. State the Vander Waal\u2019s equation of state.\r\n\r\nThe van der Waals equation (or van der Waals equation of state) is an equation relating the density of gases and liquids (fluids) to the pressure (p), volume (V), and temperature (T) conditions (i.e., it is a thermodynamic equation of state).\r\n\r\n6. State Boyle\u2019s law.\r\n\r\nIt states that volume of a given mass of a perfect gas varies inversely as the absolute pressure when temperature is constant.\r\n\r\n7. State Charle\u2019s law.\r\n\r\nIt states that if any gas is heated at constant pressure, its volume changes directly as its absolute temperature.\r\n\r\n8. Explain the construction and give the use of generalized compressibility chart.\r\n\r\nThe general compressibility chart is plotted with Z versus Pr for various values of Tr. This is constructed by plotting the known data of one of mole gases and can be used for any gas. This chart gives best results for the regions well removed from the critical state for all gases.\r\n\r\n9. What do you mean by reduced properties?\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe ratios of pressure, temperature and specific volume of a real gas to the corresponding critical values are called the reduced properties.\r\n\r\n10. Explain law of corresponding states.\r\n\r\nIf any two gases have equal values of reduced pressure and reduced temperature, then they have same values of reduced volume.\r\n\r\n11. Explain Dalton\u2019s law of partial pressure.\r\n\r\nThe pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the constituents. The partial pressure of each constituent is that pressure which the gas would expect if it occupied alone that volume occupied by the mixtures at the same temperatures. \r\n\r\nm = mA+mB+mC+\u2026\u2026. = mi\r\nmi = mass of the constituent.\r\nP=PA+PB+PC+\u2026\u2026. = Pi, Pi \u2013 the partial pressure of a constituent.\r\n\r\n12. State Avogadro\u2019s Law.\r\n\r\nThe number of moles of any gas is proportional to the volume of gas at a given pressure and temperature.\r\n\r\n13. What is compressibility factor?\r\n\r\nThe gas equation for an ideal gas is given by (PV\/RT) = 1, for real gas (PV\/RT) is not equal to 1\r\n(PV\/RT) = Z for real gas is called the compressibility factor.\r\n\r\n14. What is partial pressure?\r\n\r\nThe partial pressure of each constituent is that pressure which the gas would exert if it occupied alone that volume occupied by the mixtures at the same temperature.\r\n\r\n15. Define Dalton\u2019s law of partial pressure.\r\n\r\nThe total pressure exerted in a closed vessel containing a number of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of each gas and the volume of each gas equal to the volume of the vessel.\r\n\r\n16. How does the Vander Waal\u2019s equation differ from the ideal gas equation of state?\r\n\r\nThe ideal gas equation pV=mRT has two important assumptions,\r\n1. There is little or no attraction between the molecules of the gas.\r\n2. That the volume occupied by the molecules themselves is negligibly small compared to the volume of the gas.\r\nThis equation holds good for low pressure and high temperature ranges as the Inter molecular attraction and the volume of the molecules are not of much significance.\r\nAs the pressure increases, the inter molecular forces of attraction and repulsion increases and the volume of the molecules are not negligible. The real gas deviates considerably from the ideal gas equation [p+(a\/V2)](V-b) = RT\r\n\r\n17. Explain Joule-Kelvin effect. What is inversion temperature?\r\n\r\nWhen a gas (not ideal gas) is throttled, the temperature increases up to a point and then decreases. This is known as Joule Kelvin effect. The temperature at which the slope of a throttling curve in T-p diagram is zero is inversion temperature.\r\n\r\n18. What is the law of corresponding states?\r\n\r\nAccording to Vander Waals, the theorem of corresponding states (or principle of corresponding states) indicates that all fluids, when compared at the same reduced temperature and reduced pressure, have approximately the same compressibility factor and all deviate from ideal gas behaviour to about the same degree.\r\n\r\n19. In what way the Clausius Clapeyron equations is useful?\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tApply the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to estimate the vapor pressure at any temperature.\r\n \t Estimate the heat of phase transition from the vapor pressures measured at two temperatures.\r\n\r\n20. What are the assumptions made to derive ideal gas equation analytically using the kinetic theory of gases?\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe assumptions are:\r\n\r\n \tGases are made up of molecules which are in constant motion in straight lines.\r\n \tThe molecules behave as rigid spheres.\r\n \tPressure is due to collisions between the molecules and the walls of the container.\r\n \tAll collisions, both between the molecules themselves, and between the molecules and the walls of the container, are perfectly elastic.\r\n \tThe temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules.\r\n\r\n21. . Write down the two Tds equations.\r\n\r\ntds equation\r\n\r\n22. What is Clausius Clapeyron Equation?\r\n\r\nClapeyron equation which involves in the relationship between the saturation pressure, saturation temperature, the enthalpy of evaporation and the specific volume of the two phases involved. \r\n\r\n23. State Helmholtz function.\r\n\r\nHelmholtz function is property of system and it is given by subtracting the product of absolute temperature (T) and entropy (s) from the internal energy u.\r\ni.e. Helmholtz function = u-Ts\r\n\r\n24. State Gibbs Function.\r\n\r\nGibbs function is property of system and is given by\r\nG = u \u2013 Ts + pv = h \u2013 Ts {since h=u+pv}\r\n\r\nWhere h = enthalpy\r\n\r\nT = Temperature\r\nS = Entropy\r\n\r\n25. Have you ever encountered any ideal gas? If so, where?\r\n\r\nNo. In actual practice, there is no ideal gas which strictly follows the gas laws over the entire range of temperature and pressure. However, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and air behave as an ideal gas under certain temperature and pressure limits.\r\n\r\n27. What is meant by equation of state? Write the same for an ideal gas.\r\n\r\nThe relationship which exists for the state variables of the system in equilibrium is called equation of state.\r\nThe equation of state for ideal is given by pV=mRT\r\nWhere p \u2013 Pressure of gas, V \u2013 Volume of gas, m- Mass of gas, R \u2013 Gas constant, T \u2013 Temperature.\r\n\r\n28. Determine the molecular volume of any perfect gas at 600 N\/m2 and 300C. Universal gas constant may be taken as 8314 kJ\/kg mole-k.\r\n\r\nGiven:\r\nP = 600 N\/m2\r\nT = 300C = 303 K\r\nR = 8314 kJ\/kg mole-k\r\nSolution:\r\nIdeal Gas equation, pV=mRT\r\nV=mRT\/p=1 x 8314 x 303\/600= 4198 m3\r\n\/kg-mole.\r\n\r\n29. State Charle\u2019s law.\r\n\r\nCharle\u2019s law states that \u201cthe volume of a given mass of a gas varies directly as its absolute temperature, when the pressure remains constant\u201d. \r\n\r\n30. State Regnault\u2019s law. \r\n\r\nRegnault\u2019s law states that specific heats of a gas always remain constant.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Ideal and Real Gases , Thermodynamic Relations | Interview Questions","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tds-equation-300x84.jpg","height":84,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pure-substance-steam-power-cycle-interview-question/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/pt-diagram-300x187.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pure-substance-steam-power-cycle-interview-question/">Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question
Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview , viva , oral Question and Answers   1. What do you...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pure-substance-steam-power-cycle-interview-question/" aria-label="View Post: Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pure-substance-steam-power-cycle-interview-question\/","articleBody":"Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question\r\nProperties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview , viva , oral Question and Answers\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. What do you understand by pure substance?\u00a0\r\n\r\nA pure substance is defined as one that is homogeneous and invariable in chemical composition throughout its mass.\r\n\r\n2. Draw a p-T diagram for a pure substance?\u00a0\r\n\r\n P-T diagram for pure substance\r\n\r\n3. Is iced water a pure substance? Why?\r\n\r\nYes iced water is a pure substance.\r\n\r\nExplanation:\r\nBoth ice and liquid water are the same substance. H2O Though ice water is a mixture of both solid and liquid it is a pure substance, based on the molecular structure of its components.\r\n\r\n4. Distinguish between flow process and non-flow process.\u00a0\r\n\r\nFlow process : It is one in which fluid enters the system and leaves it after work interaction, which means that such processes occur in the systems having open boundary permitting mass interaction across the system boundary.\r\n\r\nNon flow process: It is the one in which there is no mass interaction across the system boundaries during the occurrence of process.\r\n\r\n5. Why Rankine cycle is modified?\r\n\r\nThe work obtained at the end of the expansion is very less. The work is too inadequate to overcome the friction. Therefore the adiabatic expansion is terminated at the point before the end of the expansion in the turbine and pressure decreases suddenly, while the volume remains constant.\r\n\r\n6. Why Rankine cycle is modified?\r\n\r\nThe work obtained at the end of the expansion is very less. The work is too inadequate to overcome the friction. Therefore the adiabatic expansion is terminated at the point before the end of the expansion in the turbine and pressure decreases suddenly, while the volume remains constant.\r\n\r\n7. Define efficiency ratio.\r\n\r\nThe ratio of actual cycle efficiency to that of the ideal cycle efficiency is termed as efficiency ratio.\r\n\r\n8. Define overall efficiency.\r\n\r\nIt is the ratio of the mechanical work to the energy supplied in the fuel. It is also defined as the product of combustion efficiency and the cycle efficiency.\r\n\r\n9. Define specific steam consumption of an ideal Rankine cycle.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the mass flow of steam required per unit power output.\r\n\r\n10. Name the different components in steam power plant working on Rankine cycle.\r\n\r\nBoiler, Turbine, Cooling Tower or Condenser and Pump.\r\n\r\n11. What are the effects of condenser pressure on the Rankine Cycle?\r\n\r\nBy lowering the condenser pressure, we can increase the cycle efficiency. The main disadvantage is lowering the back pressure in release the wetness of steam. Isentropic compression of a very wet vapour is very difficult.\r\n\r\n12. Mention the improvements made to increase the ideal efficiency of Rankine cycle.\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. Lowering the condenser pressure.\r\n2. Superheated steam is supplied to the turbine.\r\n3. Increasing the boiler pressure to certain limit.\r\n4. Implementing reheat and regeneration in the cycle.\r\n\r\n13. What is the effect of reheat on (a) the network output, (b) the cycle efficiency and (c) steam rate of a steam power plant?\r\n\r\n(a) The network output - increase\r\n(b) The cycle efficiency - increase\r\n(c) Steam rate of a steam power plant \u2013 decrease\r\n\r\n14. Why reheat cycle is not used for low boiler pressure?\r\n\r\nAt the low reheat pressure the heat cycle efficiency may be less than the Rankine cycle efficiency. Since the average temperature during heating will then be low.\r\n\r\n15. What are the disadvantages of reheating?\r\n\r\nReheating increases the condenser capacity due to increased dryness fraction, increases the cost of the plant due to the reheats and its very long connections.\r\n\r\n16. What are the advantages of reheat cycle?\r\n\r\n1. It increases the turbine work.\r\n2. It increases the heat supply.\r\n3. It increases the efficiency of the plant.\r\n4. It reduces the wear on the blade because of low moisture content in LP state of the turbine.\r\n\r\n17. Define latent heat of evaporation or Enthalpy of evaporation.\r\n\r\nThe amount of heat added during heating of water up to dry steam from boiling point is known as Latent heat of evaporation or enthalpy of evaporation.\r\n\r\n18. Explain the term super-heated steam and super heating.\r\n\r\nThe dry steam is further heated its temperature raises, this process is called as super heating and the steam obtained is known as superheated steam.\r\n\r\n19. Explain heat of super heat or super heat enthalpy.\r\n\r\nThe heat added to dry steam at 100oC to convert it into super-heated steam at the temperature T sup is called as heat of superheat or super heat enthalpy.\r\n\r\n20. Explain the term critical point, critical temperature and critical pressure.\r\n\r\nIn the T-S diagram the region left of the waterline, the water exists as liquid. In right of the dry streamline, the water exists as a super-heated steam. In between water and dry steam line the water exists as a wet steam. At a particular point, the water is directly converted into dry steam without formation of wet steam. The point is called critical point. The critical temperature is the temperature above which substance cannot exist as a liquid; the critical temperature of water is 374.15oC. The corresponding pressure is called critical pressure.\r\n\r\n21. Define dryness fraction (or) what is the quality of steam?\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the ratio of mass of the dry steam to the mass of the total steam.\r\n\r\n22. Define enthalpy of steam.\r\n\r\nIt is the sum of heat added to water from freezing point to saturation temperature and the heat absorbed during evaporation.\r\n\r\n23. How do you determine the state of steam?\r\n\r\nIf V&gt;vg then super-heated steam, V= vg then dry steam and V&lt; vg then wet steam.\r\n\r\n24. Define triple point.\r\n\r\nThe triple point is merely the point of intersection of sublimation and vaporization curves.\r\n\r\n25. How is Triple point represented in the p-V diagram?\r\n\r\n Triple point represented in the p-V diagram\r\n\r\n26. Define heat of vaporization.\r\n\r\nThe amount of heat required to convert the liquid water completely into vapour under this condition is called the heat of vaporization.\r\n\r\n27. Explain the terms, Degree of super heat, degree of sub-cooling.\r\n\r\nThe difference between the temperature of the superheated vapour and the saturation temperature at the same pressure. The temperature between the saturation temperature and the temperature in the sub cooled region of liquid.\r\n\r\n28. When is reheat recommended in a steam power plant?\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe purpose of reheating is to increase the dryness fraction of the steam passing out of the later stages of the turbine.\r\n\r\n29. What are the processes that constitute a Rankine cycle?\r\n\r\nProcess 1\u20132: Isentropic expansion of the working fluid through the turbine from saturated vapor at state 1 to the condenser pressure.\r\nProcess 2\u20133: Heat transfer from the working fluid as it flows at constant pressure through the condenser with saturated liquid at state 3.\r\nProcess 3\u20134: Isentropic compression in the pump to state 4 in the compressed liquid region.\r\nProcess 4\u20131: Heat transfer to the working fluid as it flows at constant pressure through the boiler to complete the cycle.\r\n\r\n30. State the advantages of using superheated steam in turbines.\u00a0\r\n\r\nSuperheated steam is a steam at a temperature higher than its vaporization (boiling) point at the absolute pressure where the temperature is measured. The steam can therefore cool (lose internal energy) by some amount, resulting in a lowering of its temperature without changing state (i.e., condensing) from a gas, to a mixture of saturated vapor and liquid.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Properties Of Pure Substance and Steam Power Cycle | Interview Question","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pt-diagram-300x187.jpg","height":187,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/availability-and-second-law-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Kelvin-Planck-Statement.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Availability and Second Law | Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/availability-and-second-law-interview-question-and-answers/">Availability and Second Law | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Availability and Second Law | Thermal Interview Question and Answers
Availability and Second Law | Thermal Interview ,viva ,oral Question and Answers  1. Define Clausius statement.   It is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/availability-and-second-law-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Availability and Second Law | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Availability and Second Law | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/availability-and-second-law-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Availability and Second Law | Thermal Interview Question and Answers\r\nAvailability and Second Law | Thermal Interview ,viva ,oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. Define Clausius statement.\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt is impossible for a self-acting machine working in a cyclic process, to transfer heat from a body at lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature without the aid of an external agency.\r\n\r\n2. What is Perpetual motion machine of the second kind?\r\n\r\nA heat engine, which converts whole of the heat energy into mechanical work is known as Perpetual motion machine of the second kind.\r\n\r\n3. Define Kelvin Planck Statement.\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt is impossible to construct a heat engine to produce network in a complete cycle if it exchanges heat from a single reservoir at single fixed temperature.\r\n\r\nKelvin Planck Statement\r\n\r\n4. Define Heat pump.\r\n\r\nA heat pump is a device, which is working in a cycle and transfers heat from lower temperature to higher temperature.\r\n\r\n5. Define Heat engine.\r\n\r\nHeat engine is a machine, which is used to convert the heat energy into mechanical work in a cyclic process.\r\n\r\n6. A heat engine with a thermal efficiency of 45 percent rejects 500 kJ\/kg of heat. How much heat does it receive?\u00a0\r\n\r\nThermal efficiency=(Qs-Qr)\/Qs\r\n0.45=(Qs-500)\/Qs\r\nQs=909 kJ\/kg\r\n\r\n7. What is a reversed heat engine?\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe reversed heat engine works on the principle of reversed Carnot cycle. The heat engine produces work by absorbing heat from source and liberating some heat to sink. The reversed heat engine transfers the heat from sink to the source with the help of external work.\r\n\r\n8. What are the assumptions made on heat engine?\r\n\r\n1. The source and sink are maintained at constant temperature.\r\n2. The source and sink has infinite heat capacity.\r\n\r\n9. State Carnot theorem.\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt states that no heat engine operating in a cycle between two constant temperature heat reservoir can be more efficient than a reversible engine operating between the same reservoir.\r\n\r\n10. What is meant by reversible process?\r\n\r\nA reversible process is one, which is performed in such a way that at the conclusion of process, both system and surroundings may be restored to their initial state, without producing any changes in rest of the universe.\r\n\r\n11. What is meant by irreversible process?\r\n\r\nThe mixing of two substances and combustion also leads to irreversibility. All spontaneous process is irreversible.\r\n\r\n12. Explain entropy?\r\n\r\nIt is an important thermodynamic property of the substance. It is the measure of molecular disorder. It is denoted by S. The measurement of change in entropy for reversible process is obtained by the quantity of heat received or rejected to absolute temperature.\r\n\r\n13. What is absolute entropy?\r\n\r\nThe entropy measured for all perfect crystalline solids at absolute zero temperature is known as absolute entropy.\r\n\r\n14. When a system is adiabatic, what can be said about the entropy change of the substance in the system?\r\n\r\nEntropy change of the substance in a adiabatic system is always constant. (S=C) S1=S2\r\n\r\n15. Define availability.\r\n\r\nThe maximum useful work obtained during a process in which the final condition of the system is the same as that of the surrounding is called availability of the system.\r\n\r\n16. Define available energy and unavailable energy.\r\n\r\nAvailable energy is the maximum thermal useful work under ideal condition. The remaining part, which cannot be converted into work, is known as unavailable energy.\r\n\r\n17. What is a thermal energy reservoir? Explain the term source and sink.\r\n\r\nA thermal reservoir, a short-form of thermal energy reservoir, or thermal bath is a thermodynamic system with a heat capacity that is large enough that when it is in thermal contact with another system of interest or its environment, its temperature remains effectively constant.\r\nSource is a thermal reservoir, which supplies heat to the system and sink is a thermal reservoir, which takes the heat from the system.\r\n\r\n18. What do you understand by the entropy principle?\r\n\r\nThe entropy of an isolated system can never decrease. It always increases and remains constant only when the process is reversible. This is known as principle of increase in entropy or entropy principle.\r\n\r\n19. What are the important characteristics of entropy?\r\n\r\n1. If the heat is supplied to the system then the entropy will increase.\r\n2. If the heat is rejected to the system then the entropy will decrease.\r\n3. The entropy is constant for all adiabatic frictionless process.\r\n4. The entropy increases if temperature of heat is lowered without work being done as in throttling process.\r\n5. If the entropy is maximum, then there is a minimum availability for conversion in to work.\r\n6. If the entropy is minimum then there is a maximum availability for conversion into work.\r\n\r\n20. What is reversed Carnot heat engine? What are the limitations of Carnot cycle?\r\n\r\n1. No friction is considered for moving parts of the engine.\r\n2. There should not be any heat loss.\r\n\r\n21. Define an isentropic process.\r\n\r\nIsentropic process is also called as reversible adiabatic process. It is a process which follows the law of pVy= C is known as isentropic process. During this process entropy remains constant and no heat enters or leaves the gas.\r\n\r\n22. Explain the throttling process.\r\n\r\nWhen a gas or vapour expands and flows through an aperture of small size, the process is called as throttling process.\r\n\r\n23. What are the Corollaries of Carnot theorem?\r\n\r\n(i) In the entire reversible engine operating between the two given thermal reservoirs with fixed temperature, have the same efficiency.\r\n(ii) The efficiency of any reversible heat engine operating between two reservoirs is independent of the nature of the working fluid and depends only on the temperature of the reservoirs.\r\n\r\n24. Define \u2013 PMM of second kind.\r\n\r\nPerpetual motion machine of second kind draws heat continuously from single reservoir and converts it into equivalent amount of work. Thus it gives 100% efficiency.\r\n\r\n25. What is the difference between a heat pump and a refrigerator?\r\n\r\nHeat pump is a device which operating in cyclic process, maintains the temperature of a hot body at a temperature higher than the temperature of surroundings.\r\nA refrigerator is a device which operating in a cyclic process, maintains the temperature of a cold body at a temperature lower than the temperature of the surroundings.\r\n\r\n26. Define the term COP?\r\n\r\nCo-efficient of performance is defined as the ratio of heat extracted or rejected to work input.\r\n\r\nCOP = Heat extracted or rejected \/ Work input\r\n\r\n28. Why Carnot cycle cannot be realized in practical?\r\n\r\n(i) In a Carnot cycle all the four process are reversible but in actual practice there is no process irreversible.\r\n(ii) There are two processes to be carried out during compression and expansion. For isothermal process the piston moves very slowly and for adiabatic process the piston moves as fast as possible. This speed variation during the same stroke of the piston is not possible.\r\n(iii) It is not possible to avoid friction moving parts completely.\r\n\r\n29. Why a heat engine cannot have 100% efficiency?\r\n\r\nFor all the heat engines there will be a heat loss between system and surroundings. Therefore we can\u2019t convert all the heat input into useful work.\r\n\r\n30. What are the processes involved in Carnot cycle.\r\n\r\nCarnot cycle consist of\r\ni) Reversible isothermal compression\r\nii) Isentropic compression\r\niii) Reversible isothermal expansion\r\niv) Isentropic expansion\r\n\r\n31. What are the causes of irreversibility?\u00a0\r\n\r\nFour of the most common causes of irreversibility are friction, unrestrained expansion of a fluid, heat transfer through a finite temperature difference, and mixing of two different substances.\r\n\r\n32. State Clausius statement of II law of thermodynamics.\u00a0\r\n\r\nClausius statement states \u201cit is impossible for a self-acting machine working in a cyclic process without any external force, to transfer heat from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature. It considers transformation of heat between two heat reservoirs.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Availability and Second Law | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Kelvin-Planck-Statement.png","height":187,"width":270},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-of-thermodynamics-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/point-function-and-path-function-300x134.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-of-thermodynamics-interview-question-and-answers/">Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers
Basic Of Thermodynamics , Basic Of thermal Engineering  | Interview , viva , oral Question and Answers  1. Define thermodynamic...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-of-thermodynamics-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/basic-of-thermodynamics-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers\r\nBasic Of Thermodynamics , Basic Of thermal Engineering\u00a0 | Interview , viva , oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. Define thermodynamic system.\r\n\r\nA thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter or a region in space, on which the analysis of the problem is concentrated.\r\n\r\n2. Name the different types of system.\r\n\r\n1. Closed system (only energy transfer and no mass transfer)\r\n2. Open system (Both energy and mass transfer)\r\n3. Isolated system (No mass and energy transfer)\r\n\r\n3. Should the automobile radiator be analyzed as a closed system or as an open system? Explain.\u00a0\r\n\r\nAutomobile radiator system is analyzed as closed system. In this no mass (water) cross the boundary.\r\n\r\n4. Define thermodynamic equilibrium.\r\n\r\nIf a system is in Mechanical, Thermal and Chemical Equilibrium then the system is in Thermodynamically equilibrium.\r\n\r\n (or)\r\nIf the system is isolated from its surrounding there will be no change in the macroscopic property, then the system is said to exist in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium.\r\n\r\n5. What do you mean by quasi-static process?\r\n\r\nInfinite slowness is the characteristic feature of a quasi-static process. A quasi-static process is that a succession of equilibrium states. A quasi-static process is also called as reversible process.\r\n\r\n6. Differentiate between point function and path function.\r\n\r\n point function and path function\r\n\r\n7. Name and explain the two types of properties.\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe two types of properties are intensive property and extensive property.\r\n\r\nIntensive Property: It is independent of the mass of the system. Example: pressure, temperature, specific volume, specific energy, density. \r\n\r\nExtensive Property: It is dependent on the mass of the system. Example: Volume, energy. If the mass is increased the values of the extensive properties also Increase.\r\n\r\n8. Explain homogeneous and heterogeneous system.\r\n\r\nThe system consist of single phase is called homogeneous system and the system consist of more than one phase is called heterogeneous system.\r\n\r\n9. What is a steady flow process?\r\n\r\nSteady flow means that the rates of flow of mass and energy across the control surface are constant.\r\n\r\n10. Prove that for an isolated system, there is no change in internal energy.\r\n\r\nIn isolated system there is no interaction between the system and the surroundings. There is no mass transfer and energy transfer. \r\n\r\nAccording to first law of thermodynamics as dQ = dU + dW; dU = dQ \u2013dW; dQ = 0, dW = 0,\r\nTherefore dU = 0 by integrating the above equation U = constant, therefore the internal energy is constant for isolated system.\r\n\r\n11. Indicate the practical application of steady flow energy equation.\r\n\r\n1. Turbine, 2. Nozzle, 3. Condenser, 4. Compressor.\r\n\r\n12. Define system.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the quantity of the matter or a region in space upon which we focus attention to study its property.\r\n\r\n13. Define cycle.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as a series of state changes such that the final state is identical with the initial state.\r\n\r\n14. Explain Mechanical equilibrium.\r\n\r\nIf the forces are balanced between the system and surroundings are called Mechanical equilibrium\r\n\r\n15. Explain Chemical equilibrium.\r\n\r\nIf there is no chemical reaction or transfer of matter form one part of the system to another is called Chemical equilibrium.\r\n\r\n16. Explain Thermal equilibrium.\r\n\r\nIf the temperature difference between the system and surroundings is zero then it is in Thermal Equilibrium.\r\n\r\n17. Define Zeroth law of Thermodynamics.\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhen two systems are separately in thermal equilibrium with a third system then they themselves is in thermal equilibrium with each other.\r\n\r\n18. What are the limitations of first law of thermodynamics?\r\n\r\n1. According to first law of thermodynamics heat and work are mutually convertible during any cycle of a closed system. But this law does not specify the possible conditions under which the heat is converted into work.\r\n2. According to the first law of thermodynamics it is impossible to transfer heat from lower temperature to higher temperature.\r\n3. It does not give any information regarding change of state or whether the process is possible or not.\r\n4. The law does not specify the direction of heat and work.\r\n\r\n19. What is perpetual motion machine of first kind?\r\n\r\nIt is defined as a machine, which produces work energy without consuming an equivalent of energy from other source. It is impossible to obtain in actual practice, because no machine can produce energy of its own without consuming any other form of energy.\r\n\r\n20. Define: Specific heat capacity at constant pressure.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise or lower the temperature of unit mass of the substance through one degree when the pressure kept constant. It is denoted by Cp.\r\n\r\n21. Define: Specific heat capacity at constant volume.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise or lower the temperature of unit mass of the substance through one degree when volume kept constant.\r\n\r\n22. Define the term enthalpy?\r\n\r\nThe Combination of internal energy and flow energy is known as enthalpy of the system. It may also be defined as the total heat of the substance.\r\n\r\nMathematically, enthalpy (H) = U + pv KJ)\r\nWhere, U \u2013 internal energy\r\np \u2013 Pressure\r\nv \u2013 Volume\r\nIn terms of Cp&amp; T \u2192 H = mCp (T2-T1) KJ\r\n\r\n23. Define the term internal energy\r\n\r\nInternal energy of a gas is the energy stored in a gas due to its molecular interactions. It is also defined as the energy possessed by a gas at a given temperature.\r\n\r\n24. What is meant by thermodynamic work?\r\n\r\nIt is the work done by the system when the energy transferred across the boundary of the system. It is mainly due to intensive property difference between the system and surroundings.\r\n\r\n25. What is meant by reversible and irreversible process?\r\n\r\nA process is said to be reversible, it should trace the same path in the reverse direction when the process is reversed. It is possible only when the system passes through a continuous series of equilibrium state.\r\n\r\n27. Why does free expansion have zero work transfer?\u00a0\r\n\r\nIn free expansion there is no external force acting on the gas so that the energy given to the gas can be utilized to produce heat and to overcome the repulsions between the gases which does not happen in free expansion therefore there is no work transfer.\r\n\r\n28. Distinguish between \u2018Macroscopic energy\u2019 and \u2018Microscopic energy\u2019.\r\n\r\nStatistical Thermodynamics is microscopic approach in which, the matter is assumed to be made of numerous individual molecules. Hence, it can be regarded as a branch of statistical mechanics dealing with the average behaviour of a large number of molecules.\r\n\r\nClassical thermodynamics is macroscopic approach. Here, the matter is considered to be a continuum without any concern to its atomic structure.\r\n\r\n29. Show that the energy of an isolated system remains constant.\u00a0\r\n\r\nA system which does not exchange energy with its surroundings through work and heat interactions is called an isolated system. That is for an isolated system dW = 0 and dQ=0.\r\n\r\nThe first law of thermodynamics gives dE = dQ \u2013 dW\r\n\r\nHence, for an isolated system, the first law of thermodynamics reduces to dE = 0 or E2 = E1. In other words, the energy of an isolated thermodynamic system remains constant.\r\n\r\n30. What are the conditions for steady flow process?\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tNo properties within the control volume change with time.\r\n \tThat is mcv = constant Ecv = constant\r\n \tNo properties change at the boundaries with time. Thus, the fluid properties at an inlet or exit will remain the same during the whole process. They can be different at different opens.\r\n \tThe heat and work interactions between a steady-flow system and its surroundings do not change with time.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Basic Of Thermodynamics | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/point-function-and-path-function-300x134.jpg","height":134,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/friction-basic-theory-of-machine-interview-question-and-answers/">Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview Question and Answers
Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview , viva ,oral  Question and Answers  1 .What is meant by slope of a thread?  It is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/friction-basic-theory-of-machine-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/friction-basic-theory-of-machine-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview Question and Answers\r\nFriction Basic | Theory of machine Interview , viva ,oral\u00a0 Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1 .What is meant by slope of a thread?\r\n\r\nIt is the inclination of the thread with horizontal.\r\nSlope of thread = tan-1 [Lead screw\/Circumference of screw]\r\n\r\n2. What are the effects of limiting angle of friction?\r\n\r\n1. If limiting angle of friction (\u03c6) is equal to tan-1 \u00b5,then the body will move over the plane\r\nirrespective of the magnitude of the force (F) (Limiting force of friction).\r\n2. If \u03c6&lt; tan-1 \u00b5, then no motion of body on plane is possible irrespective of how large the magnitude of F may be.\r\n\r\n3. Define co-efficient of friction (\u00b5).\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the ratio of the limiting friction (F) to the normal reaction (RN) between the two bodies.\r\n\u00b5 = Limiting force of friction\/Normal reaction = F\/RN\r\n\r\n4. Differentiate coefficient of friction in square thread and V-thread.\r\n\r\n(a) In square thread, \u00b5 = F\/RN\r\n(b) In V thread, \u00b51 = \u00b5\/cos \u03b2\r\nWhere F = Limiting force of friction,\r\nRN = Normal reaction, and\r\n2\u03b2 = Angle of \u2018V\u2019 in a \u2018V\u2019 thread.\r\n\r\n5. What is the efficiency of inclined plane?\r\n\r\nThe efficiency of an inclined plane is defined as the ratio between effort without friction (P0) and the effort with friction (P).\r\n\r\n6. Why self- locking screws have lesser efficiency?\r\n\r\nSelf locking needs some friction on the thread surface of the screw and nut hence it needs higher effort to lift a body and hence automatically the efficiency decreases.\r\n\r\n7. What are the functions of clutches?\r\n\r\n1. It supplies power to the transmission system.\r\n2. It stops the vehicle by disconnecting the engine from transmission system.\r\n3. It is used to change the gear and idling the engine.\r\n4. It gives gradual increment of speed to the wheels.\r\n\r\n8. What is the difference between cone clutch and centrifugal clutch?\r\n\r\nCone clutch works on the principle of friction alone. But centrifugal clutch uses principle of centrifugal force in addition with it.\r\n\r\n9. Why friction is called as \u2018necessary evil\u2019?\r\n\r\nFriction is the important factor in engineering and physical applications such as belt and ropes, jibs, clutches and brakes, nut and bolts, so it is the necessary one. If the friction exceeds certain value it will cause heat, damage and wear when applied. So it is called \u2018necessary evil\u2019.\r\n\r\n10. What are the belt materials?\r\n\r\n1. Leather,\r\n2. Cotton or fabric,\r\n3. Rubber,\r\n4. Balata, and\r\n5. Nylon.\r\n\r\nQuarter turn belt drive\r\n\r\n11. State the law of belting?\r\n\r\nLaw of belting states that the centre line of the belt as it approaches the pulley must lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulley or must lie in the plane of the pulley, otherwise the belt will runoff the pulley.\r\n\r\n12. What you meant by \u2018Crowing in pulley\u201d?\r\n\r\nThe process of increasing the frictional resistance on the pulley surface is known as crowning. It is done in order to avoid slipping of the belt.\r\n\r\n13. What is meant by initial tension in belts?\r\n\r\nIn order to increase the frictional grip between the belt and pulleys, the belts is tightened up. Due to this the belt gets subjected to some tension even when the pulleys are stationary. This tension in the belts is called initial tension (T0).\r\n\r\n14. List out the commonly used breaks.\r\n\r\n1. Hydraulic brakes: e.g., Pumps or hydrodynamic brake and fluid agitator.\r\n2. Electric brakes: e.g., Eddy current brakes.\r\n3. Mechanical brakes: e.g., Radial brakes and axial brakes\r\n\r\n15. What do you mean by a brake?\r\n\r\nBrake is a device by means of which motion of a body is retarded for slowing down (or) to bring it to rest which works on the principle of frictional force, it acts against the driving force.\r\n\r\n16. Explain velocity ratio.\r\n\r\nIt is defined as the ratio between velocity of the driver and the follower (or) driven.\r\n\r\n17. State the law of belting?\r\n\r\nLaw of belting states that the centre line of the belt as it approaches the pulley must lie in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the pulley or must lie in the plane of the pulley, otherwise the belt will runoff the pulley.\r\n\r\n18. What is the centrifugal effect on belts?\r\n\r\nDuring operation, as the belt passes over a pulley the centrifugal effect due to its weight tends to lift the belt from the pulley surface. This reduces the normal reaction and hence the frictional resistance. The centrifugal force produces additional tension in the belt.\r\n\r\n19. Write down the disadvantage of V-belt drive over flat belt?\r\n\r\n1. V belt cannot be used in large distance.\r\n2. It is not as durable as flat belt.\r\n3. Since the V belt subjected to certain amount of creep therefore it is not suitable for constant speed applications such as synchronous machines, and timing devices.\r\n4. It is a costlier system.\r\n\r\n20. When is the cross belt used instead of open belt?\r\n\r\n1. Cross belt is used where the direction of rotation of driven pulley is opposite to driving pulley.\r\n2. Where we need more power transmission there we can use cross belt drive.\r\n\r\n21. Why lubrication reduces friction?\r\n\r\nIn practical all the manting surfaces are having roughness with it. It causes friction. If the surfaces are smooth then friction is very less. Lubrication smoothens the manting surface by introducing oil film between it. The fluids are having high smoothness then solids and thus lubrication reduces friction.\r\n\r\n22. What you meant by \u2018crowning in pulley\u2019?\r\n\r\nThe process of increasing the frictional resistance on the pulley surface is known as crowning. It is done in order to avoid slipping of the belt.\r\n\r\n23. What is meant by initial tension in belts?\r\n\r\nIn order to increase the frictional grip between the belt and pulleys, the belt is tightened up. Due to this belt gets subjected to some tension even when the pulleys are stationary. This tension in the belt is called initial tension (T0) .\r\n\r\n24. Where does the P.I.V. drive system used?\r\n\r\nP.I.V. (Positive Infinitely variable) drive is used in an infinitely varying speed system.\r\n\r\n25. When the intensity of pressure acting brake shoe is is assumed to uniform?\r\n\r\nThe intensity of pressure is assumed to be constant when the break shoe has small angle of contact. For large angle of contact, it is assumed that the rate of wear of the shoe remains constant.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nTheory of Machine Article , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Friction Basic | Theory of machine Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=49">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=48"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>48</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=49"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>49</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>50</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=51"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>51</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=52"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>52</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=51">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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