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Basic Of Measurement | Metrology Interview , Viva, Oral Question and Answers  1. What is Range of measurement?  The physical...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-of-measurement-metrology-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Basic Of Measurement |  Metrology Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Basic Of Measurement |  Metrology Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/basic-of-measurement-metrology-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Basic Of Measurement | Metrology Interview Question and Answers\r\nBasic Of Measurement | Metrology Interview , Viva, Oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is Range of measurement?\r\n\r\nThe physical variables that are measured between two values. One is the higher calibration value H, and the other is Lower value L, The difference between H, and L, is called range.\r\n\r\n2. What is Resolution?\r\n\r\nThe minimum value of the input signal is required to cause an appreciable change in the output known as resolution.\r\n\r\n3. Differentiate between sensitivity and range with suitable example.\r\n\r\nExample: An Instrument has a scale reading of 0.01 mm to 100 mm. Here, the sensitivity of the instrument is 0.01 mm i.e. the minimum value in the scale by which the instrument can read. The range is 0.01 to 100 mm i.e. the minimum to maximum value by which the\r\ninstrument can read.\r\n\r\n4. Define system error and correction.\r\n\r\nError: The deviation between the results of measured value to the actual value. \r\n\r\nCorrection: The numerical value which should be added to the measured value to get the correct result.\r\n\r\n5. Define: Measurement.\r\n\r\nMeasuring is the physical quantity or property like length, diameter, and angle to be measured.\r\n\r\nmetrology types\r\n\r\n6. Define: Deterministic Metrology.\r\n\r\nThe metrology in which part measurement is replaced by process measurement. The new techniques such as 3D error compensation by CNC systems are applied.\r\n\r\n7. Define over damped and under damped system.\r\n\r\nOver damped - The final indication of measurement ii approached exponentially from one side.\r\nUnder damped - The pointer approach the position corresponding to final reading and makes a number of oscillations around it.\r\n\r\n8. Give any four methods of measurement\r\n\r\n1. Direct method.\r\n2. Indirect method.\r\n3. Comparison method.\r\n4. Coincidence method.\r\n\r\n9. Give classification of measuring instruments.\r\n\r\n1. Angle measuring Instruments.\r\n2. Length measuring Instruments.\r\n3. Instruments for surface finish.\r\n4. Instruments for deviations.\r\n\r\n10. Define True size.\r\n\r\nTrue size is Theoretical size of a dimension.\r\n\r\n11. Define Actual size.\r\n\r\nActual size = Size obtained through measurement with permissible error.\r\n\r\n12. What is Hysteresis?\r\n\r\nAll the energy put into the stressed component when loaded is not recovered upon unloading. So, the output of measurement partially depends on input called hysteresis.\r\n\r\n13. Differentiate accuracy and Uncertainty with example.\r\n\r\n \tAccuracy - Closeness to the true value.\r\n \tExample: Measuring accuracy is \u00b1 0.02mm for diameter 25mm.\r\n \tHere the measurement true values lie between 24.98 to25.02 mm\r\n \tUncertainty about the true value = \u00b1 0.02mm\r\n\r\n14. Define Span.\r\n\r\nThe algebraic difference between higher calibration values to lower calibration value.\r\nExample: In a measurement of temperature higher value is 200*C and lower value is 15000 C\r\nmeans span = 200 - 150 = 500 C.\r\n\r\n15. Differentiate between precision and accuracy.\r\n\r\nAccuracy - The maximum amount by which the result differ from true value.\r\nPrecision - Degree of repetitiveness. If an instrument is not precise it will give different results for the same dimension for the repeated readings.\r\n\r\n16. What is Scale interval?\r\n\r\nIt is the difference between two successive scale marks in units.\r\n\r\n17. What is Response Time?\r\n\r\nThe time at which the instrument begins its response for a change measured quantity.\r\n\r\n18. Define Repeatability.\r\n\r\nThe ability of the measuring instrument to repeat the same results g the act measurements for the same quantity is known as repeatability.\r\n\r\n19. Explain the term magnification.\r\n\r\nIt means the magnitude of output signal of measuring instrument time\u2019s increases to make it more readable.\r\n\r\n20. Classify the Absolute error.\r\n\r\nThe absolute error is classified into\r\n1. True absolute error.\r\n2. Apparent absolute error.\r\n\r\n21. What is Relative error?\r\n\r\nRelative error is defined as the results of the absolute error and the, value of comparison used for calculation of that absolute error. The comparison may be true value or conventional true value or arithmetic mean for series of measurement.\r\n\r\n22. Classify the errors.\r\n\r\nThe errors can be classified into\r\n1. Static errors - Reading errors\r\n- Characteristic errors,\r\n- Environmental errors\r\n2. Loading errors\r\n3. Dynamic error.\r\n\r\n23. What is the basic Principle of measurement?\r\n\r\nIt is the physical phenomenon utilized in the measurement. If energy kind of quantity measured, there must be a unit to measure it. So this will give the quantity to be measured in number of that unit.\r\n\r\n24. What is Application of Legal Metrology ?\r\n\r\n1. Industrial Measurements.\r\n2. Commercial transactions.\r\n3. Public health and human safety ensuring.\r\n\r\n24. What is the need of inspection?\r\n\r\nTo determine the fitness of new made materials, products or component part and to compare the materials, products to the established standard.\r\n\r\n25. What are the important elements of measurements?\r\n\r\nThe important elements of a measurement is\r\n1. Measurand.\r\n2. Reference.\r\n3. Comparator.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMeasurement Science and Metrology Notes , Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nRAC \/ HVAC - Articles , Notes , Que and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Basic Of Measurement |  Metrology Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/metrology-types-300x220.jpg","height":220,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-sequential-engineering-and-concurrent-engineering/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/sequential-engineering-300x256.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-sequential-engineering-and-concurrent-engineering/">What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering
Sequential Engineering:  Sequential engineering is the term used to explain the method of production in a linear system. The various...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-sequential-engineering-and-concurrent-engineering/" aria-label="View Post: What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-sequential-engineering-and-concurrent-engineering\/","articleBody":"What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering\r\nSequential Engineering:\r\n\r\n \tSequential engineering is the term used to explain the method of production in a linear system. The various steps are done one after another, with all attention and resources focused on that single task.\r\n \tSequential engineering is a system by which a group within an organization works sequentially to create new products and services.\r\n \tThe sequential engineering is a linear product design process during which all stages of manufacturing operate in serial. Both process and product design run in serial and take place in the different time.\r\n \tProcess and Product are not matched to attain optimal matching.\r\n \tDecision making done by only group of experts.\r\n\r\nsequential engineering\r\nConcurrent Engineering:\r\n\r\n \tIn concurrent engineering, various tasks are handled at the same time, and not essentially in the standard order. This means that info found out later in the course can be added to earlier parts, improving them, and also saving time.\r\n \tConcurrent engineering is a method by which several groups within an organization work simultaneously to create new products and services.\r\n \tThe concurrent engineering is a non-linear product design process during which all stages of manufacturing operate at the same time. Both product and process design run in parallel and take place in the same time. \r\n \tProcess and Product are coordinated to attain optimal matching of requirements for effective quality and delivery. \r\n \tDecision making involves full team involvement.\r\n\r\nsequential vs concurrent engineering\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nQuality Control- Articles , notes , Interview Q and A\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Sequential Engineering and Concurrent Engineering","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sequential-engineering-300x256.jpg","height":256,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-design-process-shingley-model/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Design-process-shingley-model-300x210.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Design Process | Shingley Model</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-design-process-shingley-model/">What is Design Process | Shingley Model</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Design Process | Shingley Model
It involves six steps  [caption id="attachment_10131" align="aligncenter" width="683"] Design process shingley model[/caption]  1. Recognition of need  ...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-design-process-shingley-model/" aria-label="View Post: What is Design Process | Shingley Model">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Design Process | Shingley Model","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-design-process-shingley-model\/","articleBody":"What is Design Process | Shingley Model\r\nIt involves six steps\r\n\r\n Design process shingley model\r\n\r\n1. Recognition of need\r\n\r\n \tRealization of problem exists in the design or in the product\r\n \tIdentification of some defect in a current machine design\r\n \tNew product opportunity\r\n\r\n2. Definition of problem\r\n\r\n \tSpecification of the item to be designed\r\n \tFunctional characteristics, cost, quality, performance, etc.\r\n\r\n3. Synthesis\r\n\r\nPreliminary ideas are developed through research of similar product or designs in use.\r\n\r\n4. Analysis and Optimization\r\n\r\n \tSuitability for the specified design constraints\r\n \tIf not suitable or design fails to satisfy the constraints\r\n \tThen redesign or modified iteration continues until the proposed design meet the specifications (or) until feasibility is achieved.\r\n \tThen components, sub-assemblies or sub-systems are then synthesized into the final overall system in a similar iterative manner.\r\n\r\n5. Evaluation\r\n\r\n \tPrototyping\r\n \tTesting\r\n \tQuality\r\n \tReliability testing\r\n\r\n6. Presentation\r\n\r\nDocumentation of the design through drawings, material specifications, assembly lists, etc.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Steps In Engineering Design Process - Engineering Design\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDESIGN PROCESS\r\nThe Design Process is the most important to understand computer aided design effectively. Thus one should first understand the design process. The design process is an iterative process which checks the suitability of the design again and again. The design process explained here is described by shigley.\r\n\r\nA. Recognition of Need: Recognition of need involves the realization by someone that a problem exists for which some feasible solution is to be found. This might be the identification of some defect in a current machine design activity by an engineer or the perception of a new product marketing opportunity by a salesman.\r\n\r\nB. Definition of Problem: Definition of problem involves a through specification of the item to be designed. This specification will generally include functional and physical characteristics, cost, quality, performance, etc.\r\n\r\nC. Synthesis: During the synthesis phase of the design process various preliminary ideas are developed through research of similar product or design in use.\r\n\r\nD. Analysis and Optimization: The resulting preliminary design is then subjected to appropriate analysis to determine their suitability for the specified design constraint. If this design fails to satisfy the constraints, they are redesigned or modified on the basis of the feedback from the analysis. This iterative process is repeated until the proposed design meets the specification or until the designer is convinced that the design is not feasible.\r\n\r\nE. Evaluation: The assessment or evaluation of the design against the specification established during the problem definition phase is then carried out. This often requires the fabrication and testing of a prototype model to evaluate operating performance quality, reliability, etc.\r\n\r\nF. Presentation: The final phase of design process is the presentation of the design. This include the documentation of the design through drawing, material specification, assembly lists and so on.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nQuality Control- Articles , notes , Interview Q and A\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Design Process | Shingley Model","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/Design-process-shingley-model-300x210.jpg","height":210,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-properties-and-testing-interview-question-and-answers/">Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview Question and Answers
Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview , Viva , Oral Question and Answers  1. What is meant by mechanical properties of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-properties-and-testing-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-properties-and-testing-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Properties and Testing | Interview , Viva , Oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is meant by mechanical properties of materials?\r\n\r\nMechanical properties are those characteristics of material that describe its behaviour under the action of external forces.\r\n\r\n2. Distinguish between elasticity and plasticity.\r\n\r\n \tElasticity is the property of a material by virtue of which it is able to retain its original shape and size after the removal of the load.\r\n \tPlasticity is the property of a material by virtue of which a permanent deformation (without fracture) takes place, whenever it is subjected to the action of external forces.\r\n\r\n3. Differentiate between ductility and malleability.\r\n\r\n \tDuctility is the property of a material by virtue of which it can be drawn into wires before rupture takes place.\r\n \tMalleability is the property of a material by virtue of which it can withstand deformation under compression without rupture\r\n\r\n4. Define the terms brittleness and hardness.\r\n\r\n \tBrittleness is the property of a material by virtue of which it can withstand deformation under compression without rupture.\r\n \tHardness is the property of a material by virtue of which it able to resist abrasion, indentation (or penetration), machining, and scratching.\r\n\r\n5. What do you mean by toughness and stiffness?\r\n\r\n \tToughness is the property of a material by virtue of which it can absorb maximum energy before fracture takes place.\r\n \tStiffness is the property of a material by virtue of which it resists deformation.\r\n\r\n6. List any four technological properties of metals.\r\n\r\n1. Machinability,\r\n2. Castability,\r\n3. Weldability, and\r\n4. Formability or workability.\r\n\r\n7. What are the factors affecting mechanical properties?\r\n\r\n1. Grain size,\r\n2. Heat treatment,\r\n3. Atmospheric exposure, and\r\n4. Low and high temperatures.\r\n\r\n8. What is the effect of the grain size on the mechanical properties of the materials?\r\n\r\n \tThe materials having smaller grains (i.e., fine grained structure) have high yield strength, high tensile strength, and more hardness. Also fine grain results in better resistance to cracking and better surface finish.\r\n \tThe materials having grains (i.e., coarse grained structure), exhibit better workability, hardenability, forgeability and creep resistance. But coarse grains result in poor surface finish, less tough and have greater tendency to cause distortion.\r\n\r\n9. What is the effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of the materials?\r\n\r\nThe heat treatment improves mechanical properties like tensile strength, toughness, hardness, ductility, shock resistance and resistance to corrosion. It also improves workability, forgeability and machinability of metals.\r\n\r\n13. What are the causes of twins?\r\n\r\n1. Mechanical twins: Twins that are produced by mechanical deformation are called mechanical twins.\r\n2. Annealing twins: Twins that are produced by annealing are called annealing twins.\r\n\r\n14. What is meant by fracture?\r\n\r\nFracture is the mechanical failure of the material which will produce the separation or fragmentation of a solid into two or more parts under the action of stresses.\r\n\r\n15. List the different types of fracture in a material.\r\n\r\n1. Brittle fracture,\r\n2. Ductile fracture,\r\n3. Fatigue fracture, and\r\n4. Creep fracture.\r\n\r\n16. What is brittle fracture?\r\n\r\nA brittle fracture may be defined as a fracture which takes place by a slow propagation of crack with appreciable plastic deformation.\r\n\r\n17. What is ductile fracture?\r\n\r\nDuctile fracture may be defined as the fracture which takes place by a slow propagation of crack with appreciable plastic deformation.\r\n\r\n19. How can you prevent the ductile fracture?\r\n\r\nIn order to prevent the ductile fracture, the material should have the following characteristics:\r\n\r\n \tThe material should have fine grains.\r\n \tIt should have higher hardness value.\r\n \tIt should have higher Young\u2019s modulus and cohesive energy.\r\n \tIt should not have any defects\/dislocations.\r\n\r\n20. What is meant by fatigue fracture?\r\n\r\nA fatigue fracture is defined as the fracture which takes place under repeatedly applied fatigue stresses.\r\n\r\n21. What is S-N diagram? What is the significance of it?\r\n\r\nThe S-N diagram is a graph obtained by plotting the number of cycles of stress reversals (N) required to cause fracture against the applied stress level (S). Using S-N diagram, the fatigue life of a material can be determined.\r\n\r\n22. What are the factors affecting fatigue strength?\r\n\r\n1. Fatigue strength is influenced by many factors such as chemical composition, grain size, and amount of cold working.\r\n2. Fatigue strength is high at low temperatures and gradually decreases with rise in temperature.\r\n3. Environmental effects such as corrosion of the product by moisture decreases the fatigue strength.\r\n4. The design of the product also influences the fatigue strength.\r\n\r\n23. How can you prevent fatigue fracture?\r\n\r\nThe following methods can be adopted to prevent the fatigue failure.\r\n1. Use of good design to avoid stress concentration by eliminating sharp recesses and severe stress raisers.\r\n2. Control of the surface finish by avoiding damage to surface machining, punching, stamping, shearing, etc.\r\n3. Reduction of corrosion environmental effects by surface heat treatments like polishings, coatings, carburizing, nitriding, etc.\r\n4. The material should have fine grain structure and also it should be free from residual stresses and dislocations.\r\n\r\n24. What is meant by creep fracture?\r\n\r\nThe creep is defined as the property of a material by virtue of which it deforms continuously under a steady load.\r\n\r\n25. What are the factors affecting creep?\r\n\r\n1. Grain,\r\n2. Thermal stability of the micro-structure,\r\n3. Chemical reactions,\r\n4. Prior strain.\r\n\r\n26. How can you prevent the creep fractures?\r\n\r\nThe following methods can be adopted to prevent the creep failure.\r\n1. Use of coarse grained materials will avoid creep fracture.\r\n2. Strain hardening can be done to avoid creep fracture.\r\n3. The material should be free from any residual stresses and dislocations.\r\n4. Precipitation-hardened alloys can be used to avoid creep fracture.\r\n\r\n27. Differentiate between destructive and non-destructive tests.\r\n\r\n \tIn destructive type of testing, the component or specimen to be tested is destroyed and cannot be reused.\r\n \tIn non-destructive type of testing, the component or specimen to be tested is not destroyed and can be reused after the test.\r\n\r\n28. List some important destructive tests carried out on a material.\r\n\r\n1. Tensile test,\r\n2. Impact test,\r\n3. Bend test,\r\n4. Fatigue test,\r\n5. Torsion test, and\r\n6. Creep test.\r\n\r\ntensile test done on utm tensile testing machine\r\n\r\n29. List the main parameters which may be determined in a tensile test.\r\n\r\n1. Limit of proportionality,\r\n2. Yield point or yield strength,\r\n3. Breaking strength,\r\n4. Maximum tensile strength,\r\n5. Percentage elongation,\r\n6. Modulus of elasticity, and\r\n7. Percentage reduction in area.\r\n\r\n30. How does the Rockwell test differ from that of the others?\r\n\r\nThe principle of the Rockwell test differs from that of the others in that the depth of the impression is related to the hardness rather than the diameter or diagonal of the impression.\r\n\r\n31. Why must Rockwell test numbers always include a letter, such as A, B, or C?\r\n\r\nThe Rockwell scales such A, B, or C are used to denote the type and size of the indenter used and the total indenting load to be applied.\r\n\r\n32. What is the difference between Izod and Charpy impact testing methods?\r\n\r\nBased on the types of specimen used on impact testing machine, the impact tests can be classified into: 1. Izod test, and 2. Charpy test.\r\n\r\nIzod test uses a cantilever specimen of size 75 mm\u00d710mm\u00d710mm. The Charpy test uses a simply-supported test specimen of size 55mm\u00d710mm\u00d710mm.\r\n\r\n33. Define the term notch sensitivity.\r\n\r\nThe notch sensitivity refers to the tendency of some normal ductile materials to behave like brittle materials in the presence of notches.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Properties and Testing | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metals-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/METALS-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metals-interview-question-and-answers/">Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers
Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview , viva, Oral Question and answers  1. What are metals? Classify engineering...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metals-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/ferrous-and-non-ferrous-metals-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers\r\nFerrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview , viva, Oral Question and answers\r\n\r\n1. What are metals? Classify engineering materials.\r\n\r\n \tMetals are elemental substances. Metals are composed of elements which readily give up electrons to provide a metallic bond and electrical conductivity.\r\n \tTypes of metals: 1. Ferrous metals, and 2. Non-ferrous metals.\r\n\r\nMETALS\r\n\r\n2. What are ferrous metals? Classify ferrous materials.\r\n\r\n \tThe metals, which contain iron as their main constituent, are called ferrous metals.\r\n \tTypes of ferrous metals: 1. Steels, and 2. Cast irons.\r\n\r\n3. State three reasons why ferrous alloys are used extensively.\r\n\r\n1. Iron-based components are relatively abundant and are widely distributed throughout the world.\r\n2. Ferrous materials can be produced very economically.\r\n3. Ferrous materials are versatile. Therefore wide range of mechanical and physical properties of ferrous materials can be achieved.\r\n\r\n4. State three characteristics of ferrous alloys that limit their utilization.\r\n\r\nHeavy in weight, Lower electrical and thermal conductivity, lower resistance to corrosion.\r\n\r\n5. How can you specify a steel? What is the difference between 4140 steel and 4340 steel?\r\n\r\n \tThe AISI\/SAE designation for the steels is a four digit number: First two digits indicate the alloy content, and Last two digits indicate the carbon concentration.\r\n \t4140 steels is alloy of Cr-Mo with 0.40% C, where as 4340 steel is an alloy of Mo-Cr-Ni with 0.40% C.\r\n\r\n6. What are three primary groups of plain carbon steels?\r\n\r\n1. Low-carbon steels: Those contain less than 0.25% carbon.\r\n2. Medium-carbon steels: Those containing between 0.25 and 0.60% carbon.\r\n3. High-carbon steels: Those containing more than 0.60% carbon.\r\n\r\n7. What are alloy steels? How are alloy steels classified?\r\n\r\n \tAlloy steels mean may steels other than carbon steels.\r\n \tAlloy steels can be divided into two main groups as:\r\n1. Low alloy steels: These contain up to 3 to 4% of alloying elements.\r\n2. High alloy steels: These contain more than 5% of alloying elements.\r\n\r\n8. List four important alloying elements added in alloy steels.\r\n\r\nThe most commonly used alloying elements are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, boron, copper and others.\r\n\r\n9. Why is alloying done?\r\n\r\nThe alloying steel is generally done:\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0To increase its strength.\r\n \t\u00a0To improve hardness.\r\n \t\u00a0To improve toughness.\r\n \t\u00a0To improve resistance to abrasion and water.\r\n \t\u00a0To improve machinability.\r\n \t\u00a0To improve ductility.\r\n\r\n10. What are the primary effects of chromium, and copper as alloying elements in steel?\r\n\r\n \tEffects of alloying chromium: Increases corrosion and oxidation resistance, increases hardenability, increases high-temperature strength, and resists abrasion and wear (with high carbon).\r\n \tEffects of alloying copper: Increases strength, and increases corrosion resistance.\r\n\r\n11. What are the effects of lead and sulphur on the machinability of steels?\r\n\r\nLead improves the machinability whereas sulphur reduces it.\r\n\r\n12. Which alloy elements are basically a) carbide formers, and b) graphite promoters?\r\n\r\na) Carbide formers: Cr, W, Ti, Mo, Nb, V, and Mn.\r\nb) Graphite promoter: Si, Co, Al, and Ni.\r\n\r\n13. What makes a stainless steel \u201cstainless\u201d?\r\n\r\nThe chromium oxide (extremely dense-thin) protective layer acts as a barrier to retard further oxidation, rust or corrosion. As this steel cannot be stained easily, it is called stainless steel.\r\n\r\n14. Why do stainless steels lose their corrosion resistance when the chromium in solution drops below 12%?\r\n\r\nWhen the weight% of chromium drops below 12% the corrosion rate increases sharply. As the corrosion rate increases, the resultant chromium-oxide protective layer unable to retard oxidation, rust or corrosion effectively.\r\n\r\n15. What determines whether a stainless steel is austenitic ferritic, or martenistic?\r\n\r\nThe predominant phase constituent of the microstructure present in a stainless steel determines whether a stainless steel is austenitic, ferritic, or martenistic.\r\n\r\n16. What are the required properties of a tool steel?\r\n\r\nTool steels should have the following requirements:\r\n1. Good toughness,\r\n2. Good wear resistance,\r\n3. Very good machinability,\r\n4. Slight change of form during hardening,\r\n5. Little risk of cracking during hardening.\r\n6. Resistance to softening on heating.\r\n\r\n17. How can you classify tool steels?\r\n\r\n1. Cold work tool steels,\r\n2. Shock resisting tool steels,\r\n3. Hot work tool steels,\r\n4. High speed tool steels,\r\n5. Plastic mold tool steels and\r\n6. Special purpose tool steels.\r\n\r\n18. What is meant by 18-4-1 high speed steel?\r\n\r\nA widely used high-speed tool steel is 18-4-1 high speed steel. This steel contains 18% tungsten, 4% chromium, and 1% vanadium. It is considered to be one of the best of all purpose tol steels.\r\n\r\n19. What are HSLA steels? Where are they used?\r\n\r\n \tHSLA steels are nothing but high-strength low-alloy steels. HSLA steels, also known as micro alloyed steels, are low-carbon steels containing small amounts of alloying elements.\r\n \tThese HSLA steels are widely used as structural or constructional alloy steels.\r\n\r\n20. What are maraging steels? Give its composition.\r\n\r\n \tMaraging steels are low-carbon, highly alloyed steels. These are very high- strength materials that can be hardened to obtain tensile strengths of up to 1900 Mpa.\r\n \tComposition: Maraging steels contain 18% nickel, 7% cobalt, and small amounts of other elements such as titanium. The carbon content is low, generally less than 0.05%.\r\n\r\n21. What are the heat resisting steels and free-machining steels?\r\n\r\n \tSteels which can resist the creep and oxidation at high temperatures and retain sufficient strength are called heat resisting steels.\r\n \tFree-machining steels, also known as free cutting steels, machine readily and form small chips so as to reduce the rubbing against the cutting tool and associated friction and wear.\r\n\r\n22. What are the features that make cast iron an important material?\r\n\r\n1. It is a cheap metallurgical substance,\r\n2. Good castability,\r\n3. Good mechanical rigidity and good strength under compression.\r\n4. Good machinability cn achieved when a suitable composition is selected.\r\n\r\n23. What are the effects of carbon on the properties of cast iron?\r\n\r\nIf a cast iron contains more of the brittle cementite, then its mechanical properties will be poor.\r\n\r\n24. What is the influence of cooling rate on the properties of a cast iron?\r\n\r\nHigh rate of cooling results in a weak and brittle cast iron. Slow cooling rate results in tough and strong cast iron.\r\n\r\n25. What is the chemical composition of grey cast iron? Typical composition of grey cast iron is given below:\r\n\r\nCarbon \u2013 2.5 to 4%.\r\nSilicon \u2013 1 to 3%. Manganese \u2013 o.4 to 1%. Phosphorus \u2013 0.15 to 1%.\r\nSulphur \u2013 0.02 to 0.15%. Remaining is iron.\r\n\r\n26. Where are white cast irons used?\r\n\r\n1. White cast iron is used as a raw material in the production of malleable cast iron.\r\n2. The typical applications of white cast irons include rolls, wear plates, pump linings, balls, etc.\r\n3. It is also used for inferior casting and in places where hard coating is required as in the outer surface of car wheels.\r\n\r\n28. What is the difference between malleable cast iron and ductile cast iron?\r\n\r\n \tMalleable cast iron is produced by heat treating unalloyed white iron. The ductile (or SG or nodular) cast iron is produced by adding magnesium and\/or cerium to molten cast iron.\r\n \tBoth malleable and ductile cast irons have the nodules, also called spheroids. But the nodules of ductile cast irons are more perfect spheres.\r\n\r\n29. What are alloy cast irons?\r\n\r\n \tThe alloy cast irons, like alloy stels, can be produced by adding alloying elements like Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, Si, and Mn.\r\n \tAlloy cast irons have been produced to give high-strength materials, hard and abrasion-resistant materials, corrosion resistant irons, and irons for high- temperature service.\r\n\r\n30. List the outstanding properties of copper and some typical applications.\r\n\r\nThe copper posses the following properties:\r\n1. Copper possess very high electrical conductivity.\r\n2. It also has very high thermal conductivity.\r\n3. It exhibits excellent resistance to corrosion.\r\n4. It is very soft, ductile and malleable.\r\n\r\nCopper is extensively used for manufacturing power cables, telephone cables, cables for computer networks, printed circuit boards, connectors, etc.\r\n\r\n31. What is the main difference between a brass and a bronze?\r\n\r\nBrass is an alloy of copper and zinc whereas bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.\r\n\r\n32. List at least four types of brasses used.\r\n\r\nGliding metal (or commercial bronze), cartridge brass, standard brass (or cold working brass), Muntz metal (or yellow metal), Naval brass, Admiralty brass.\r\n\r\n33. List some bronze alloys.\r\n\r\nBell bronze, phosphor bronze, aluminium bronze, silicon bronze, coinage bronze and leaded bronze.\r\n\r\n34. What are gun metals? Give its composition.\r\n\r\n \tGun metals are alloys of copper, tin, and zinc.\r\n \tComposition of admiralty gun metal: 88 Cu, 10 Sn, 2 Zn, 2 (max) Ni.\r\n\r\n35. What are cupronickels? What is the use of monel metal?\r\n\r\n \tCupronickels are alloys of copper and nickel.\r\n \tUses of monel metal: For making propellers, pump fittings, condenser tubes, steam turbine blades, sea water exposed parts, tanks, and chemical and food handling plants.\r\n\r\n36. What properties have made aluminium and its alloys the most important non-ferrous metal?\r\n\r\ni) Light-weight (one-third the weight of steel),\r\nii) High thermal and electrical conductivity,\r\niii) Excellent corrosion resistance,\r\niv) Non-toxicity,\r\nv) Soft and ductile,\r\nvi) Low specific gravity,\r\nvii) High strength-to-weight ratio, and\r\nviii) High reflectivity.\r\n\r\n37. Why does the aluminium replace the copper as an electrical conductor?\r\n\r\ni) The price of the aluminium is much lower than that of copper.\r\nii) The specific gravity of aluminium.\r\niii) The electrical conductivity of EC-grade (electrical conductor) aluminium is 61% of the conductivity of standard copper, based on equal cross sections.\r\niv) If equal weights of aluminium and copper conductors of a given length are compared, it is found that aluminium conducts 201% as much current as does copper.\r\n\r\n38. What are the two types of aluminium alloys?\r\n\r\n1. Heat-treatable aluminium alloys, and\r\n2. Non-heat treatable aluminium alloys.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMachine Science Notes , article , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Ferrous and Non Ferrous Metals | Interview Question and answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/METALS-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/heat-treatment-material-science-interview-question-and-answers/">Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview Question and Answers
Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview , Viva , Oral Question and Answers  1. Define the term ‘heat treatment’.  Heat...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/heat-treatment-material-science-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/heat-treatment-material-science-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview Question and Answers\r\nHeat Treatment | Material Science Interview , Viva , Oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. Define the term \u2018heat treatment\u2019.\r\n\r\nHeat treatment may be defined as an operation or combination of operations involving heating and cooling of a metal\/alloy in solid state to obtain desirable properties.\r\n\r\n2. What are the purposes of the processing heat treatments?\r\n\r\n1. To relieve internal stresses.\r\n2. To improve machinability.\r\n3. To refine grain size.\r\n4. To soften the metal.\r\n5. To improve hardness of the metal surface.\r\n6. To improve mechanical properties (like tensile strength, hardness, ductility, etc.)\r\n\r\n3. List the various stages of a heat treatment process.\r\n\r\nStage 1: Heating a metal\/alloy beyond the critical temperature.\r\nStage 2: Holding at that temperature for a sufficient period of time to allow necessary changes to occur.\r\nStage 3: Cooling the metal\/alloy (i.e., quenching) at a rate necessary to obtain the desired properties. That is, cooling at a rate necessary to obtain the desired changes in the nature form, size and distribution of micro-constituents.\r\n\r\n4. List some of the important heat treatment operations widely used.\r\n\r\n1. Annealing,\r\n2. Normalizing.\r\n3. Hardening.\r\n4. Tempering.\r\n5. Austempering.\r\n6. Mar tempering and\r\n7. Case hardening.\r\n\r\n5. What is meant by annealing?\r\n\r\nAnnealing is defined as a softening process consisting of heating the steal to a temperature at or near the critical point, holding there for a proper time and then allowing it to cool slowly in the furnace itself.\r\n\r\n6. What are the purposes of annealing?\r\n\r\n1. To relieve or remove stresses.\r\n2. To induce softness.\r\n3. To refine grain structure,\r\n4. To alter ductility, toughness, electrical, magnetic or other properties.\r\n5. To remove gases.\r\n6. To produce a definite microstructure.\r\n\r\n7. List the different types of annealing.\r\n\r\na) Full annealing.\r\nb) Process annealing.\r\nc) Stress relief annealing.\r\nd) Recrystallisation annealing, and\r\ne) Spheroidise annealing.\r\n\r\n8. What is meant by normalizing?\r\n\r\nNormalizing is similar to full annealing, but cooling is established in still air rather than in the furnace.\r\n\r\n9. What is quenching? List some of the quenching medium generally used in industries.\r\n\r\n \tQuenching refers accelerated cooling.\r\n \tSome of the quenching medium that are used generally in industries are: 5- 10% caustic soda, 5-20% brine (NaCl), cold water, warm water, mineral oil (obtained during the refining of crude petroleum), animal oil, vegetable oil (such as linseed, cottonseed, and rapeseed).\r\n\r\n10. What are the factors should be considered while selecting a quenching medium?\r\n\r\n1. Desired rate of heat removal.\r\n2. Required temperature interval.\r\n3. Boiling point.\r\n4. Viscosity.\r\n5. Flash point (if combustible).\r\n6. Stability under repeated use.\r\n7. Possible reactions with the material being quenched.\r\n8. Cost.\r\n\r\n11. What are the three stages for quenching?\r\n\r\nStage 1: Vapour-jacket stage.\r\nStage 2: Vapour-transport cooling stage.\r\nStage 3: Liquid Cooling stage.\r\n\r\n13. Rate the order the effectiveness of the following quench media: oil, brine, water, and molten salt.\r\n\r\nMolten salt, brine, water and oil.\r\n\r\n14. What does the term hardening refer? What are the factors affecting the hardness?\r\n\r\nHardening refers to the heat treatment of steel which increases its hardness by quenching.\r\nThe hardness obtained from the hardening process depends upon the following factors:\r\n1. Carbon content,\r\n2. Quenching medium,\r\n3. Specimen size, and\r\n4. Other factors.\r\n\r\n15. Distinguish the work hardening with the age hardening process.\r\n\r\nWork hardening also known as strain hardening, is the process of hardening a metal, while working on it (under cold-working conditions).\r\n\r\nAge hardening also known precipitation hardening, is the process of hardening a metal when allowed to remain or age after heat treatment.\r\n\r\n16. The tempering process usually follows hardening process. Justify.\r\n\r\nThe martensite which is formed during hardening process is too brittle and lacks good ductility and toughness. Hence, it cannot be used for more applications. Also the internal residual stresses that are introduced during hardening have a weakening effect. The ductility and toughness of martensite can be enhanced and these internal stresses are relieved by a heat treatment process known as tempering.\r\n\r\n17. What is the effect of: (a) tempering temperature, and (b) tempering time, on the hardness of steels?\r\n\r\na) The hardness gradually decreases as the temperature is increased.\r\nb) The hardness decreases with the increase in tempering.\r\n\r\n18. What do you mean by temper embrittlement?\r\n\r\nThe tempering of some steels\/steel alloys may result in a reduction of toughness (i.e., increase in brittleness). This phenomenon is referred as temper embritlement.\r\n\r\n19. What is TTT diagram?\r\n\r\nThe TTT diagram is a plot of temperature versus the logarithm of time for a steel alloy of definite composition. It is a tool used by heat treaters to predict quenching reactions in steels.\r\n\r\nTTT Diagram For steel\r\n\r\n20. What is the significance of TTT diagram in the heat treatment of steel?\r\n\r\nThe TTT diagram is most useful in giving an overall picture of the transformation behaviour of austenite. This enables the metallurgist to interpret the response of a steel to any specified heat treatment.\r\n\r\nUsing a TTT diagram, one can plan practical heat treatment operations to get desirable microconstituents, to control limited hardening or softening, and the time of soaking\r\n\r\n21. Why are TTT diagrams usually not applicable to industrial engineering practices?\r\n\r\nThe data for the construction of TTT diagrams are obtained from the isothermal transformation of austenite at differing temperatures. But most industrial heat treatments involve continuous cooling from the austenitic temperature to room temperature. Thus a TTT diagram may not five a fully accurate representation of the temperatures and times of the transformations occurring.\r\n\r\n22. What is CCT diagram?\r\n\r\nThe CCT diagram is a plot of temperature versus the logarithm of time for a steel alloy of definite composition. It is used to indicate when transformations occur as the initially austenitised material is continuously cooled at a specified rate. In addition, it is also used to predict the final microstructure and mechanical characteristics.\r\n\r\n23. What is significance of the critical cooling rate?\r\n\r\nThe critical cooling rate is most important in hardening. In order to obtain a 100% martensitic structure on hardening, the cooling must be must be much higher than the critical cooling rate.\r\n\r\n24. What is meant by hardenability? What are the factors affecting it?\r\n\r\nThe term hardenability refers to the ease with which hardness may be attained. In other words, hardenability is a measure of ease of forming martensite.\r\n\r\nThe factors affecting the hardenability are: \r\n1. Composition of the steel, \r\n2. Austenitic grain size, \r\n3. Structure of the steel before quenching, and \r\n4. Quenching medium and the method of quenching.\r\n\r\n25. What is the benefit of the Jominy end-quench test?\r\n\r\nFor determining the hardenability of a given material.\r\n\r\n26. What is martempering and austempering?\r\n\r\nMartempering, also known as marquenching, is a interrupted cooling procedure used for steels to minimize stresses, distortion and cracking of steels that may develop during rapid quenching.\r\n\r\nThe Austempering is an isothermal heat treatment process, usually used to reduce quenching distortion and to make tough and strong steels.\r\n\r\n27. What do you mean by the term case hardening?\r\n\r\nIn many applications, it is desirable that the surface of the components should have high hardness, while the inside or core should be soft. The treatments given to steels to achieve this are called surface heat treatments or surface hardening.\r\n\r\n28. List some of the surface-hardening techniques employed for altering surface chemistry.\r\n\r\n1. Diffusion methods: a) Carburizing, b) Nitriding, c) Cyaniding, and d) Carbonitriding.\r\n\r\n2. Thermal methods: a) Flame hardening, and b) Induction hardening.\r\n\r\n29. In what ways, cyaniding differs from carburizing?\r\n\r\nThe salt bath composition for cyaniding gives a case high in nitrogen, whereas carburizing gives a case rich in carbon.\r\n\r\n30. What is meant by selective hardening technique?\r\n\r\nSelective hardening (or heating) technique is a technique by which different properties are obtained simply by varying the thermal histories of the various regions.\r\n\r\n31. What are some selective heating techniques employed for surface hardening?\r\n\r\n1. Flame hardening, and 2. Induction hardening.\r\n\r\n32. In what ways, flame hardening differs from induction hardening?\r\n\r\nThe mechanism and purpose of induction hardening are the same as for flame hardening. The main difference is that in induction hardening the source of heat input is an induced electric current instead of using flame.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMaterial Handling Projects\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nStructural analysis and Design 3d Model Projects\r\nMachine Science Notes , article , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Heat Treatment | Material Science Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=54">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=53"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>53</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=54"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>54</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>55</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=56"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>56</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=57"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>57</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=56">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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