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Alloys and Phase Diagram | Interview , viva, oral Question and Answers  1. What is an alloy?  A metal alloy, or simple an alloy, is a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/alloys-and-phase-diagram-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Alloys and Phase Diagram | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Alloys and Phase Diagram | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/alloys-and-phase-diagram-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Alloys and Phase Diagram | Interview Question and Answers\r\nAlloys and Phase Diagram | Interview , viva, oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is an alloy? \r\n\r\nA metal alloy, or simple an alloy, is a mixture of two or more metals or a metal (metals) and a non-metal (non-metals). \r\n\r\n2. How many components are found in an alloy? \r\n\r\nTwo or more components are found in an alloy. \r\n\r\n3. What is meant by base metal?\r\n\r\n In an alloy, the element which is present in the largest proportion is called the base metal. \r\n\r\n4. What are alloying elements? \r\n\r\nIn an alloy, all elements other than the base metal are called the alloying elements. \r\n\r\n5. Differentiate between substitutional and interstitial solid solution.\r\n\r\n In a substitutional solid solution, the solute atoms (impurities) substitute for parent solvent atoms in a crystal lattice. In interstitial solid solution, the solute atoms fit in to the space between the solvent or parent atoms. \r\n\r\n6. State Hume Rothery\u2019s rules for formation of substitutional solid solutions. \r\n\r\n1. Size factor: The atoms must be of similar size, with less than a 15% difference in atomic radius (in order to minimize the lattice strain). \r\n\r\n2. Crystal structure: The materials must have the same crystal structure.\r\n\r\n 3. Valence: The atoms must have the same valence.\r\n\r\n 4. Electro negativity: The atoms must have approximately the same electro negativity. \r\n\r\n7. What are intermediate phases?\r\n\r\n If an alloying element is added in excess of the limit of solid solubility, a second phase appears along with the primary solution. If the second phase differs in both crystal structure and properties from primary solid solution, then it is known as an \u2018intermediate\u2019 phase. \r\n\r\n8. What are intermetallic compounds?\r\n\r\nThe compound formed by two or more metals in apparently stoichiometric proportion is called intermetallic compounds. \r\n\r\n9. What are electron compounds?\r\n\r\n If two metals consist of atoms more or less similar size but different valency, then the compounds formed are called electron compounds. \r\n\r\n10. Define \u2018phase\u2019. What different kinds of phases are possible? \r\n\r\nA phase is defined as any physically distinct, homogeneous and mechanically separable portion of a substance. Three different kinds of phases are solid, liquid and vapour. \r\n\r\n11. What is an equilibrium phase diagram?\r\n\r\n A phase diagram can be defined as a plot of the composition of phases as a function of temperature in any alloy system under equilibrium condition. \r\n\r\n12. What are the advantages of the equilibrium diagrams? \r\n\r\n1. To show what phases are present at different compositions and temperature under equilibrium conditions. \r\n\r\n2. To indicate the equilibrium solid solubility of one element in other element. \r\n\r\n3. To indicate the temperature range over which solidification of a material occurs. \r\n\r\n4. To indicate the temperature at which different phases start to melt. \r\n\r\n13. State Gibb\u2019s phase rule? \r\n\r\nGibb\u2019s phase rule is given by F=C-P+2 Where, F=degrees of freedom of system or number of variables (such as temperature, pressure or composition) that may be changed independently without altering the equilibrium; C=number of components (usually elements or compounds) forming the system; and P=no of phases present in the system. \r\n\r\n14. What are cooling curves? \r\n\r\nCooling curves are obtained by plotting the measured temperatures at equal intervals during the cooling period of a melt to a solid. \r\n\r\ncooling curve\r\n\r\n15. What is liquidus line? A Solidus line? A solvus line? \r\n\r\nIn a phase diagram, liquidus line is the line or boundary that separates liquid and liquid+solid phase regions. Solidus line is a line or boundary that separate solid and solid+liquid phase region. Solvus line separate single-phase solid regions from two-phase solid regions. \r\n\r\n16. What pieces of information can be obtained for each point in a phase diagram? \r\n\r\nUsing a phase diagram, one can obtain at least the following three information.\r\n\r\n 1. The phases that are present, \r\n\r\n2. The composition of each phase, and\r\n\r\n 3. The amount of each phase present. \r\n\r\n17. What is tie-line? \r\n\r\nA tie line is simply an isothermal line drawn through point of consideration, extending across the two-phase region and terminating at the phase boundary lines on either side.\r\n\r\n18. What is the lever-law calculation and what information can it provide? \r\n\r\nPhase fraction= Opposite arm of lever \/ Total length of tie line \r\n\r\nand phase percentage = Opposite arm of lever\/ Total length of tie line \u00a0\u00d7 100\r\n\r\nUsing the lever law calculations, one can compute the phase fraction and the phase percentage. \r\n\r\n19. What is mean by invariant reaction? \r\n\r\nThe eutectic reaction is also called an invariant reaction since it occurs under equilibrium conditions at a specific temperature and alloy composition that cannot be varied.\r\n\r\n20. What do you understand by \u2018allotropy of iron\u2019? \r\n\r\nAllotropy refers to the possibility of existence of two or more different crystal structures for a substance depending upon temperature. \r\n\r\n21. Define: ferrite and austenite.\r\n\r\n Ferrite is a primary solid solution based on D iron having BCC structure. Maximum solubility of carbon in iron is 0.025% carbon at 723\u00b0C, while its solubility at room temperature is only about 0.008%. Austenite is a primary solid solution based on J iron having FCC structure. The maximum solubility of carbon in FCC iron is about 2% at 1140\u00b0C. \r\n\r\n22. Define: Cementite and Pearlite?\u00a0\r\n\r\nCementite is the name given to the carbide of iron (Fe3C). It is the hard, brittle, intermetallic compound of iron with 6.69% of carbon. Pearlite is the eutectoid mixture of ferrite (87.5%) and cementite (12.5%). It is formed when austenite decomposes during cooling. It contains 0.8% of carbon. \r\n\r\n23. Define: martensite, and bainite? \r\n\r\nMartensite is the super saturated solid solution of carbon in D iron. It is formed when a steel is very rapidly cooled from the austenitic state. Bainite is a decomposition product of austenite, consisting of an aggregate of ferrite and carbide. Bainite has hardness in between the hardness of pearlite and martensite. \r\n\r\n24. Why is the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram usually not shown beyond 6.67% carbon? \r\n\r\nThis is because in practice, all steels and cast irons have carbon contents less than 6.67 wt% C. \r\n\r\n25. What is steel?\r\n\r\n The ferrous alloy having the carbon composition ranging from 0.008 to 2% is known as steel. \r\n\r\n26. What is meant by eutectoid, hypoeutectoid, hypereutectoid steels? \r\n\r\nSteels that contain 0.8% C (the eutectoid amount of carbon) are called eutectoid steels. Steels having less than 0.8% C are known as hypoeutectoid steels. Steels having more than 0.8% C are known as hypereutectoid steels. \r\n\r\n27. How do cast irons differ from steels in terms of carbon content?\r\n\r\n Composition from 0.008% to 2% carbon represent steel and those above 2% carbon represent cast iron. \r\n\r\n28. Distinguish between hypoeutectic and hypereutectic cast irons.\r\n\r\n Cast irons that contain less than 4.3% C are termed as hypoeutectic whereas cast irons that contains more than 4.3% C termed as hypereutectic.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Science Notes , article , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nDesign and Fabrication projects - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Alloys and Phase Diagram | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/500px-Cooling_curve_pure_metal.svg_-300x208.png","height":208,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bearing-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/">Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview Question and answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview Question and answers
Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview , viva, oral Question and answers  1. Classify the bearings.  • Based on nature of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bearing-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview Question and answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview Question and answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/bearing-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview Question and answers\r\nBearing Design | Machine Design Interview , viva, oral Question and answers\r\n\r\n1. Classify the bearings.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Based on nature of contact between bearing surfaces.\r\na. Sliding contact bearing.\r\nb. Rolling contact (or) Antifriction bearing.\r\n\u2022 Based on load applied.\r\na. Radial bearing (Circumferentially loaded)\r\nb. Thrust bearing (Axially loaded)\r\n\r\n2. What is the advantage of Teflon which is used for bearing ?\r\n\r\n\u2022 It has lower co efficient of friction\r\n\u2022 It can be used at high temperature\r\n\u2022 It is practically chemically inert\r\n\u2022 It is dimensionally stable\r\n\r\n3. What are the stresses induced in flywheel arms ?\r\n\r\n\u2022 Tensile stress due to centrifugal force.\r\n\u2022 Bending stress due to Torque.\r\n\u2022 Stress due to belt tension.\r\n\u2022 Specify the types of flywheel.\r\n\u2022 Solid piece flywheel.\r\na. Web type b. Rim and hub type.\r\n\u2022 Split wheel\r\na. Rim and hub type only\r\n\r\n4. Name the type of lubricant used in journal bearing ?\r\n\r\n\u2022 Graphite\r\n\u2022 Grease\r\n\u2022 Mineral oil and synthetic oil \r\n\r\n5. Specify the types of lubricant with example.\r\n\r\n \tLiquid lubricants - Mineral and synthetic oils.\r\n \tSemisolid lubricants\r\n \tSolid lubricants\r\n- Grease ,\r\n- Graphite\r\n\r\nrolling contact bearing\r\n\r\n6. State the merits of hydrostatic bearing.\r\n\r\nThe hydrostatic bearing steady loads without any relative motion between the journal and the Bearing. \r\n\r\n7. What are the bearing materials ?\r\n\r\nAluminium Alloy, Copper alloy, Babbit, Cast iron steel, Silver etc.\r\n\r\n8. State the different failure theories and the type of materials for which these are applicable ?\r\n\r\n\u2022 Maximum principal theory \u2013brittle material.\r\n\u2022 Shear Stress Theory \u2013Ductile Material.\r\n\r\n9. What is known as self \u2013 acting bearing ?\r\n\r\nThe pressure is created within the system due to rotation of the shaft, this type of bearing is known as self \u2013 acting bearing.\r\n\r\n10. State the theory of lubrication ?\r\n\r\ni. Hydrostatic theory of lubrication.\r\n\r\nii. Hydrodynamic theory of lubrication.\r\n\r\n11. List the types of bearing materials ?\r\n\r\ni. Lead base babbit ii. Tin base babbit iii. Leaded bronze iv. Copper laed alloy v. Gun metal vi. Phosphor bronze.\r\n\r\n12. What is load rating ?\r\n\r\nThe load carrying capacity of a rolling element bearing is called load rating.\r\n\r\n13. What is basic static load rating ?\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt is defined as load acting on a non rotating bearing under which permanent deformation is 0.0001 times the ball of roller diameter.\r\n\r\n14. Explain the term dynamic load carrying capacities of rolling contact bearing ?\r\n\r\nDynamic load rating is defined as the radial load in radial bearing that can be carried for a minimum life of one million revolution.\r\n\r\n15. State the components of rolling contact bearings ?\r\n\r\ni. Outer race ii. Inner race iii. Rolling element iv. Seperator.\r\n\r\n16. What are the several types of radial ball bearing ?\r\n\r\ni. Deep groove ball bearing ii. Self aligning ball bearing iii. Angular contact ball bearing iv. Filling notch bearing v. Double row bearing.\r\n\r\n17. What are the types of trust ball bearings ?\r\n\r\ni.One directional flat race ii. One directional Grooved race iii. Two directional Grooved race.\r\n\r\n18. Define antifriction bearing ?\r\n\r\nThe contact between the bearing elements is rolling, this type has very small friction.\r\n\r\n19. What is the nature of contact involved in a ball bearing element ?\r\n\r\nInstead of sliding, the contact between the bearing elements is rolling.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Bearing Design | Machine Design Interview Question and answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-05","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/coupling-design-requirement-types-design-of-sleeve-coupling/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/sleeve-coupling-300x146.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/coupling-design-requirement-types-design-of-sleeve-coupling/">Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling
DESIGN OF COUPLING
Shaft couplings are used in machinery for several purposes
1. To provide for connection of shaft of units those...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/coupling-design-requirement-types-design-of-sleeve-coupling/" aria-label="View Post: Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/coupling-design-requirement-types-design-of-sleeve-coupling\/","articleBody":"Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling\r\nDESIGN OF COUPLING\r\nShaft couplings are used in machinery for several purposes\r\n1. To provide for connection of shaft of units those are manufactured separately.\r\n2. To provide for misalignment of the shaft or to introduce mechanical flexibility.\r\n3. To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another.\r\n4. To introduce protection against over loads.\r\nREQUIREMENT OF A GOOD SHAFT COUPLING\r\n1. It should be easy to connect or disconnect.\r\n2. It should transmit the full power from one shaft to the other shaft without losses.\r\n3. It should hold the shaft in perfect alignment.\r\n4. It should have no projecting parts.\r\n5. To provide for the connection of shafts of units that are manufactured separately such as a motor and generator and to provide for disconnection for repairs or alternations.\r\n6. To provide for misalignment of the shafts or to introduce mechanical flexibility.\r\n7. To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one shaft to another.\r\nTYPES OF SHAFT COUPLINGS:-\r\n1. Rigid coupling\r\n\r\n \tIt is used to connect two shafts which are perfectly aligned. The types are\r\n \tSleeve (or) muff coupling\r\n \tClamp (or) split muff (or) compression coupling\r\n \tFlange coupling\r\n\r\n2. Flexible coupling\r\n\r\nIt is used to connect two shafts having lateral and angular misalignments. The types are\r\n\r\n \tBushed pin type coupling\r\n \tUniversal coupling\r\n \tOldham coupling\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSLEEVE (or) MUFF COUPLING\r\nIt is made of cast iron. It consists of a hollow cylinder whose inner diameter is that same as that of the shaft. It is fitted over the ends of two shafts by means of a gib head key. The power transmitted from one shaft two other shafts by means of a key and a sleeve.\r\n\r\n sleeve coupling\r\n\r\nOuter diameter of sleeve D=2d+13mm\r\nLength of sleeve L=3.5d\r\n\r\nD= diameter of shaft\r\n\u2022 The sleeve is designed by considering it as a hollow shaft.\r\n\r\n \tT= Torque transmitted by coupling.\r\n \t\u03c4c =Permissible shear stress for the material of the sleeve which is cast rion.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Torque transmitted by a hollow section\r\nT = (\u03c0\/16)\u00d7\u03c4c\u00d7 ( D^4 - d^4 )\/ D\r\n= (\u03c0\/16)\u00d7\u03c4c\u00d7D^3 (1-K ^4)\r\n... (\u2235k = d \/ D)\r\n\u2022 From this expression, the induced shear stress in the sleeve may be checked\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nEco- friendly or Pollution Free projects\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Coupling Design | Requirement , Types , Design Of Sleeve coupling","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/sleeve-coupling-300x146.jpg","height":146,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/shaft-design-material-types-how-to-design-shaft/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/shaft-layout-300x205.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/shaft-design-material-types-how-to-design-shaft/">Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft
Introduction to the Shaft:-
• A shaft is a rotating member, usually of circular cross section, used to transmit power or motion.
• It...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/shaft-design-material-types-how-to-design-shaft/" aria-label="View Post: Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/shaft-design-material-types-how-to-design-shaft\/","articleBody":"Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft\r\nIntroduction to the Shaft:-\r\n\u2022 A shaft is a rotating member, usually of circular cross section, used to transmit power or motion.\r\n\u2022 It provides the axis of rotation, or oscillation, of elements such as gears, pulleys, flywheels, cranks, sprockets, and the like and controls the geometry of their motion.\r\n\u2022 Carbon steels of grade 40C8, 45C8, 50C4, 50C12 are normally used as shaft materials.\r\nShaft Sizing\r\n\u2022 Stress Analysis\r\n\u2013 In design it is usually possible to locate the critical areas, size these to meet the strength requirements, and then size the rest of the shaft to meet the requirements of the shaft-supported elements.\r\n\u2022 Deflection and Slope\r\n\u2013 They are a function of inertia. Inertia is a function of Geometry. For this reason, shaft design allows a consideration of stress first. Then, after tentative values for the shaft dimensions have been established, the determination of the deflections and slopes can be made.\r\nShaft Materials:-\r\n\u2022 A good practice for material selection:\r\n\u2013 Start with an inexpensive, low or medium carbon steel for the first time through the design calculations. If strength considerations turn out to dominate over deflection, then a higher strength material should be tried, allowing the shaft sizes to be reduced until excess deflection becomes an issue.\r\n\r\nThe cost of the material and its processing must be weighed against the need for smaller shaft diameters.\r\nMaterial properties\r\n\r\n \tIt should have high strength\r\n \tIt should have good machinability.\r\n \tIt should have low notch sensitivity factor.\r\n \tIt should have good heat treatment properties.\r\n \tIt should have high wear resistance.\r\n\r\nManufacturing of Shafts\r\n\u2022 For low production, turning is the usual primary shaping process. An economic viewpoint may require removing the least material.\r\n\u2022 High production may permit a volume conservative shaping method (hot or cold forming, casting), and minimum material in the shaft can become a design goal.\r\nShaft Layout\r\nshaft layout\r\n\r\n\u2022 In most cases, Only two bearings should be used in most cases.\r\n\u2022 Load bearing components should be placed next to the bearings to minimize the bending due to large forces.\r\n\u2022 Shafts should be kept short to minimize bending and deflection.\r\n\r\nShoulder\r\n\u2022 It allows precise positioning\r\n\u2022 Support to minimize deflection.\r\n\u2022 In cases where the loads are small, positioning is not very important, shoulders can be eliminated.\r\nTYPES OF SHAFT:-\r\nTransmission shaft:\r\nThese shafts transmit power between the source and machines absorbing power. The counter shafts, line shafts, overhead shafts all shafts are transmission shafts.\r\nMachine shafts:\r\nThese shafts from an integral part of the machine itself.\r\nDESIGN OF SHAFTS\r\nThe shaft may be designed on the basis of\r\n1. Strength\r\n2. Rigidity and stiffness\r\n\r\nIn designing shaft on the basis of strength the following cases may be consider\r\n1. Shafts subjected to twisting moment only.\r\n2. Shaft subjected to bending moment only.\r\n3. Shaft subjected to combined twisting moment and bending moment.\r\n4. Shaft subjected to fluctuating loads.\r\n\r\nShaft Design for Stress\r\n\u2022 It is not necessary to evaluate the stresses in a shaft at every point; a few potentially critical locations will suffice. Critical locations will usually be on the outer surface.\r\n\u2022 Possible Critical Locations, axial locations where:\r\n1- The bending moment is large and\/or\r\n2- The torque is present, and\/or\r\n3- Stress concentrations exist.\r\nDESIGN OF HOLLOW SHAFTS\r\nExplanation\r\n\r\nThe shaft may be designed on the basis of\r\n1. Strength\r\n2. Rigidity and stiffness\r\n\r\nIn designing shaft on the basis of strength the following cases may be consider\r\n1. Shafts subjected to twisting moment only\r\n2. Shaft subjected to bending moment only\r\n3. Shaft subjected to combined twisting moment and bending moment\r\n4. Shaft subjected to fluctuating loads\r\nSolid and Hollow shaft\r\nWhen the shaft is subjected to combined twisting moment ad bending moment then the shaft must be designed on the basic of two moments simultaneously.\r\n\r\nshaft design\r\nDESIGN OF SHAFT FOR RIGIDITY:\r\nIn many cases, the shaft is to be designed from a rigidity point of view.\r\n\r\nFor a shaft subjected twisting moment, the angle of twist is given by,\r\n\r\nthe angle of twist = TL \/ GJ\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhere T\u00a0 = Torque applied\r\n\r\nL\u00a0 \u00a0 = Length of the shaft\r\n\r\nJ\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0= Polar moment of inertia of the shaft about the axis of rotation = \u03c0D\u02c64 \/ 32\r\n\r\nG\u00a0 \u00a0 = Modulus of rigidity of the shaft material. The calculations need the modulus of rigidity of the material that makes up the shaft. This varies depending on the material, and the values of G for many kinds of materials can again be found in charts in design handbooks and from manufacturers.\r\n\r\nTherefore for the known values of T, L, and G and allowable value of angle of twist, the diameter of the shaft can be calculated.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nMachine Tool Articles , notes , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Shaft Design | Material , Types , How to Design Shaft","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"August 3, 2021","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/shaft-layout-300x205.jpg","height":205,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/flywheel-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/turning-moment-diagram-for-a-single-cylinder-double-acting-steam-engine-300x203.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Flywheel Design | Machine Design &#8211; Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/flywheel-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/">Flywheel Design | Machine Design &#8211; Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Flywheel Design | Machine Design - Interview Question and Answers
Flywheel Design | Machine Design - Interview Question and Answers  1. What is flywheel?  A flywheel is a heavy body rotating...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/flywheel-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Flywheel Design | Machine Design &#8211; Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Flywheel Design | Machine Design &#8211; Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/flywheel-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Flywheel Design | Machine Design - Interview Question and Answers\r\nFlywheel Design | Machine Design - Interview Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is flywheel?\r\n\r\nA flywheel is a heavy body rotating about its axis. It acts as a reservoir of energy which is stored in the form of kinetic energy. The extra energy is stored during the idle stroke of the driven machinery and released during the working stroke. Thus flywheel controls the fluctuations of speed during each cycle of the driven machinery.\r\n\r\n2. What are the functions of flywheel in a machine?\r\n\r\nThe primary function of a flywheel is:\r\na. To absorb energy when demand of energy id less than the supply\r\nb. To give out energy when demand of energy is more than the supply.\r\n\r\n3. What types of stresses are set up in the flywheel rims?\r\n\r\na. Tensile stress due to the centrifugal force\r\nb. Tensile bending stress due to restraint of the arms\r\nc. Shrinkage stresses due to the unequal rate of cooling of casting.\r\n\r\n4. What are the various types of flywheel?\r\n\r\na. Solid disc type\r\nb. Rimmed type with either arms or solid web\r\nSolid disc type flywheel is rarely used because they have less capacity of storing energy.\r\nRimmed type flywheels with arms are preferred because they can store more energy. Small rimmed type flywheels are manufactured with solid web or holes drilled in the web.\r\n\r\n5. Why flywheels are used in punching machines?\r\n\r\nUse of flywheel in punching machine is due to the following reasons:\r\na. It decreases the variation of speed during each cycle of punching machine.\r\nb. It decreases the fluctuation of speed due to difference in output and input\r\nc. It stores energy during idle stroke and releases during working stroke.\r\n\r\n6. Why flywheel is used in IC engines?\r\n\r\nIn IC engine or stem engine the energy is developed during the power stroke, no energy is developed during suction, compression and exhaust strokes in 4 stroke engine. It helps the crank shaft to run at uniform speed by performing its primary function\r\n\r\n7. What is the difference in the function of governor and a flywheel?\r\n\r\nGovernor regulates the mean speed of an engine when there are variations in load by changing the supply of working fluid. Flywheel does not maintain a constant speed. It reduces the fluctuations.\r\n\r\n8. Coefficient of fluctuation of speed is ------------ of maximum fluctuation of speed and the mean speed\r\n\r\nRatio\r\n\r\n9. Due to centrifugal forces acting on the rim, the flywheel arms will be subjected to ------------- stresses\r\n\r\nTensile\r\n\r\n10. Why flywheel arm are usually elliptical?\r\n\r\nThis shape helps in more section modulus for the dame weight. This results in more strength than circular section\r\n\r\n11. Under what consideration the shaft for a flywheel is designed?\r\n\r\nIt is designed under shear stresses produced due to the combined action of torsion and bending moment.\r\n\r\n12. In a flywheel, the major axis of the elliptical section of the arm is the plane of rotation. Write done the reason for this arrangement.\r\n\r\nThe arms may have to carry the full torque load due to high inertia of the flywheel when the energy input to its shaft is cut off. The arm may be assumed as a cantilever fixed at the hub and carrying the load at the rim end. This bending moment lies in the plane of rotation of the flywheel. Therefore, the major axis of the arms must be parallel to the tangential force F acting on the flywheel.\r\n\r\nBending moment on the arm, M = F(R-dh\/2)\r\nF = t\/(nR)\r\nWhere n = number of arms\r\nSection modulus of arm, Z = (\u03c0\/32 )b1a12\r\nBending stress \u03c3b = M\/Z\r\n\r\n13. On what basis the material of flywheel is selected?\r\n\r\na. High tensile strength\r\nb. High fatigue strength\r\nc. Low shrinkage\r\n\r\n14. What are the advantages of having elliptical section of flywheel arm?\r\n\r\nThe flywheel arms are made of elliptical with major axis twice the minor axis. The major axis lies in the plane of rotation and provides double the resistance against bending moment.\r\n\r\n15. Difference between flywheel and governor\r\n\r\nThe function of a governor in engine is entirely different from that of a flywheel. It regulates the mean speed of an engine when there are variations in the load, e.g. when the load on the engine increases, it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid. On the other hand, when the load decreases, less working fluid is required. The governor automatically controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with the varying load condition and keeps the mean speed within certain limits.\r\nAs discussed above, the flywheel does not maintain a constant speed; it simply reduces the fluctuation of speed. In other words, a flywheel controls the speed variations caused by the fluctuation of the engine turning moment during each cycle of operation. It does not control the speed variations caused by the varying load.\r\n\r\n16. Define the following terms\r\n\r\nCoefficient of Fluctuation of Speed, coefficient of steadiness, fluctuation of energy, maximum fluctuation of energy, Coefficient of Fluctuation of Energy\r\n\r\nCoefficient of fluctuation of speed: The difference between the maximum and minimum speeds during a cycle is called the maximum fluctuation of speed. The ratio of the maximum fluctuation of speed to the mean speed is called coefficient of fluctuation of speed.\r\n\r\nCoefficient of steadiness: The reciprocal of coefficient of fluctuation of speed is known as coefficient of steadiness and it is denoted by m.\r\n\r\nFluctuation of energy, maximum fluctuation of energy: \r\nThe fluctuation of energy may be determined by the turning moment diagram for one complete cycle of operation. Consider a turning moment diagram for a single cylinder double acting steam engine as shown in Fig. The vertical ordinate represents the turning moment and the horizontal ordinate (abscissa) represents the crank angle.\r\n\r\nturning moment diagram for a single cylinder double acting steam engine\r\n\r\nA little consideration will show that the turning moment is zero when the crank angle is zero. It rises to a maximum value when crank angle reaches 90\u00ba and it is again zero when crank angle is 180\u00ba. This is shown by the curve abc in Fig. and it represents the turning moment diagram for outstroke. The curve cde is the turning moment diagram for instroke and is somewhat similar to the curve abc. Since the work done is the product of the turning moment and the angle turned, therefore the area of the turning moment diagram represents the work done per revolution. In actual practice, the engine is assumed to work against the mean resisting torque, as shown by a horizontal line AF. The height of the ordinate aA represents the mean height of the turning moment diagram. Since it is assumed that the work done by the turning moment per revolution is equal to the work done against the mean resisting torque, therefore the area of the rectangle aA Fe is proportional to the work done against the mean resisting torque. We see in Fig. that the mean resisting torque line AF cuts the turning moment diagram at points B, C, D and E. When the crank moves from \u2018a\u2019 to \u2018p\u2019 the work done by the engine is equal to the area aBp, whereas the energy required is represented by the area aABp. In other words, the engine has done less work (equal to the area aAB) than the requirement. This amount of energy is taken fromthe flywheel and hence the speed of the flywheel decreases. Now the crank moves from p to q, the work done by the engine is equal to the area pBbCq, whereas the requirement of energy is represented by the area pBCq. Therefore the engine has done more work than the requirement. This excess work (equal to the area BbC) is stored in the flywheel and hence the speed of the flywheel increases while the crank moves from p to q.\r\nSimilarly when the crank moves from q to r, more work is taken from the engine than is developed. This loss of work is represented by the area CcD. To supply this loss, the flywheel gives up some of its energy and thus the speed decreases while the crank moves from q to r. As the crank moves from r to s, excess energy is again developed given by the area DdE and the speed again increases. As the piston moves from s to e, again there is a loss of work and the speed decreases. The variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line are called fluctuation of energy. The areas BbC, CcD, DdE etc. represent fluctuations of energy. A little consideration will show that the engine has a maximum speed either at q or at s. This is due to the fact that the flywheel absorbs energy while the crank moves from p to q and from r to s. On the other hand, the engine has a minimum speed either at p or at r. The reason is that the flywheel gives out some of its energy when the crank moves from a to p and from q to r. The difference between the maximum and the minimum energies is known as maximum fluctuation of energy\r\n\r\nCoefficient of Fluctuation of Energy \r\nIt is defined as the ratio of the maximum fluctuation of energy to the work done per cycle. It is usually denoted by CE.","headline":"Flywheel Design | Machine Design &#8211; Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/turning-moment-diagram-for-a-single-cylinder-double-acting-steam-engine-300x203.jpg","height":203,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/spring-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/">Spring Design | Machine Design interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Spring Design | Machine Design interview Question and Answers 
Spring Design | Machine Design interview , Viva, Oral Question and Answers  1. What is a spring?  A spring is an elastic...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/spring-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Spring Design | Machine Design interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Spring Design | Machine Design interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/spring-design-machine-design-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Spring Design | Machine Design interview Question and Answers \r\nSpring Design | Machine Design interview , Viva, Oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. What is a spring?\r\n\r\nA spring is an elastic member, which deflects, or distorts under the action of load and regains its original shape after the load is removed.\r\n\r\nRead more :\r\nTypes Of Mechanical Springs | Advantages and Applications Of Springs\r\nGeneral Steps in Designing Mechanical Springs\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2. State any two functions of springs\r\n\r\na. To measure forces in spring balance, meters and engine indicators.\r\nb. To store energy.\r\n\r\n3. What are the various types of springs?\r\n\r\na. Helical springs\r\nb. Spiral springs\r\nc. Leaf springs\r\nd. Disc spring or Belleville springs\r\n\r\n4. Classify the helical springs\r\n\r\na. Close \u2013 coiled or tension helical spring.\r\nb. Open \u2013coiled or compression helical spring.\r\n\r\n5. Define : Leaf springs\r\n\r\nA leaf spring consists of flat bars of varying lengths clamped together and supported at both ends, thus acting as a simply supported beam.\r\n\r\nLeaf Spring\r\n\r\n6. Define : Belleville Springs\r\n\r\nThey are made in the form of a cone disc to carry a high compressive force. In order to improve their load carrying capacity, they may be stacked up together. The major stresses are tensile and compressive.\r\n\r\n7. What is spring index (C)?\r\n\r\nThe ratio of mean or pitch diameter to the diameter of wire for the spring is called the spring index.\r\n\r\n8. What is pitch?\r\n\r\nThe axial distance between adjacent coils in uncompressed state.\r\n\r\n9. What is solid length?\r\n\r\nThe length of a spring under the maximum compression is called its solid length. It is the product of total number of coils and the diameter of wire.\r\nLs = nt x d \r\nWhere, nt = total number of coils.\r\n\r\n10. What are the requirements of spring while designing?\r\n\r\n \tSpring must carry the service load without the stress exceeding the safe value. \r\n \tThe spring rate must be satisfactory for the given application.\r\n\r\n11. What are the end conditions of spring?\r\n\r\na. Plain end.\r\nb. Plain and ground end\r\nc. Squared end\r\nd. Squared and ground end.\r\n\r\n12. What is buckling of springs?\r\n\r\nThe helical compression spring behaves like a column and buckles at a comparative small load when the length of the spring is more than 4 times the mean coil diameter.\r\n\r\n13. What is surge in springs?\r\n\r\nThe material is subjected to higher stresses, which may cause early fatigue failure. This effect is called as spring surge.\r\n\r\n14. What is a laminated leaf spring?\r\n\r\nIn order to increase, the load carrying capacity, number of flat plates are placed and below the other.\r\n\r\n15. What semi \u2013 elliptical leaf springs?\r\n\r\nThe spring consists of number of leaves, which are held together by U- clips. The longleaf fastened to the supported is called master leaf. Remaining leaves are called as graduated leaves.\r\n\r\n16. What is nipping of laminated leaf spring?\r\n\r\nPrestressing of leaf springs is obtained by a difference of radii of curvature known as nipping.\r\n\r\n17. What are the various applications of springs?\r\n\r\na. The springs are used in various applications, they are\r\nb. Used to absorb energy or shocks (e.g. shock absorbers, buffers, etc.) \r\nc. To apply forces as in brakes clutches, spring-loaded valves, etc.\r\nd. To measure forces as in spring balances and engine indicators\r\ne. To store energy as in watch\r\n\r\n18. Define free length.\r\n\r\nFree length of the spring is the length of the spring when it is free or unloaded condition. It is equal to the solid length plus the maximum deflection or compression plus clash allowance. \r\nLf = solid length + Ymax + 0.15 YMax\r\n\r\n19. Define spring index.\r\n\r\nSpring index (C) is defined as the ratio of the mean diameter of the coil to the diameter of the wire. C =D\/d\r\n\r\n20. Define spring rate (stiffness).\r\n\r\nThe spring stiffness or spring constant is defined as the load required per unit deflection of the spring. \r\nK= W\/y \r\nWhere \r\nW-load \r\ny-deflection\r\n\r\n21. Define pitch.\r\n\r\nPitch of the spring is defined as the axial distance between the adjacent coils in uncompressed state. \r\n\r\nMathematically \r\nPitch = free length\/ n-1\r\n\r\n22. What are the points to be taken into consideration while selecting the pitch of the spring?\r\n\r\nThe points taken into consideration of selecting the pitch of the springs are\r\na. The pitch of the coil should be such that if the spring is accidentally compressed the stress does not increase the yield point stress in torsion. \r\nb. The spring should not be close up before the maximum service load is reached.\r\n\r\n23. Define active turns.\r\n\r\nActive turns of the spring are defined as the number of turns, which impart spring action while loaded. As load increases the no of active coils decreases.\r\n\r\n24. Define inactive turns.\r\n\r\nInactive turns of the spring are defined as the number of turns which does not contribute to the spring action while loaded. As load increases number of inactive coils increases from 0.5 to 1 turn.25.\r\n\r\n25. What are the different kinds of end connections for compression helical springs?\r\n\r\nThe different kinds of end connection for compression helical spring area.\r\na. Plain ends\r\nb. Ground ends\r\nc. Squared ends\r\nd. Ground &amp; square ends\r\n\r\n26. Write about the eccentric loading of springs?\r\n\r\nIf the load acting on the spring does not coincide with the axis of the spring, then spring is said to be have eccentric load. In eccentric loading the safe load of the spring decreases and the stiffness of the spring are also affected.\r\n\r\n27. Explain about surge in springs?\r\n\r\nWhen one end of the spring is resting on a rigid support and the other end is loaded suddenly, all the coils of spring does not deflect equally, because some time is required for the propagation of stress along the wire. Thus a wave of compression propagates to the fixed end from where it is reflected back to the deflected end this wave passes through the spring indefinitely. If the time interval between the load application and that of the wave to propagate are equal, then resonance will occur. This will result in very high stresses and cause failure. This phenomenon is called surge.\r\n\r\n28. What are the methods used for eliminating surge in springs?\r\n\r\nThe methods used for eliminating surge are\r\na. By using dampers on the center coil so that the wave propagation dies out\r\nb. By using springs having high natural frequency.\r\n\r\n29. What are the disadvantages of using helical spring of non-circular wires\r\n\r\na. The quality of the spring is not good \r\nb. The shape of the wire does not remain constant while forming the helix. It reduces the energy absorbing capacity of the spring.\r\nc. The stress distribution is not favorable as in circular wires. But this effect is negligible where loading is of static nature.\r\n\r\n30. Why concentric springs are used?\r\n\r\na. To get greater spring force with in a given space \r\nb. To insure the operation of a mechanism in the event of failure of one of the spring\r\n\r\n31. What is the advantage of leaf spring over helical spring?\r\n\r\nThe advantage of leaf spring over helical spring is that the end of the spring may be guided along a definite path as it deflects to act a structural member in addition to energy absorbing device.\r\n\r\n32. Write notes on the master leaf &amp; graduated leaf?\r\n\r\nThe longest leaf of the spring is known as main leaf or master leaf has its ends in the form of an eye through which bolts are passed to secure the spring. The leaf of the spring other than master leaf is called the graduated leaves.\r\n\r\n33. What is meant by nip in leaf springs?\r\n\r\nBy giving greater radius of curvature to the full length leaves than the graduated leaves, before the leaves are assembled to form a spring thus a gap or clearance will be left between the leaves. This initial gap is called nip.\r\n\r\n34. What is the application of leaf spring?\r\n\r\nThe leaf springs are used in automobiles as shock absorbers for giving suspension to the automobile and it gives support to the structure.\r\n\r\n35. Define flat spiral spring.\r\n\r\nA flat spiral spring is a long thin strip of elastic material wound like a spiral. These springs are frequently used in watch springs, gramophones, etc.\r\n\r\n36. What are the differences between helical torsion spring and tension helical springs?\r\n\r\nHelical torsion springs are wound similar to that of tension springs but the ends are shaped to transmit torque. The primary stress in helical torsion spring is bending stress whereas in tension springs the stresses are tensional shear stresses.\r\n\r\n37. Define helical springs\r\n\r\nThe helical springs are made up of a wire coiled in the form of a helix and are primarily intended for compressive or tensile load.\r\n\r\n38. What are the different types of helical springs?\r\n\r\nThe different types of helical springs are.\r\na. Open coil helical spring \r\nb. Closed coil helical spring\r\n\r\n39. The extension springs are in considerably less use than the compression springs\r\nOR\r\nWhy extension springs are in less use than compression springs\r\n\r\na. Extension springs are subjected to additional stress- concentration\r\nb. Extension springs are wound with initial tension and this cannot be cold set without losing their tension\r\nc. They may be overstresses by being stretched too far.\r\n\r\n40. What condition must be satisfied for concentric spring?\r\n\r\na. Maximum shear stress developed in the concentric springs is same for same material and free length\r\nb. Deflection is same for both the springs\r\nc. Solid length of both the springs is same\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Spring Design | Machine Design interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-02","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=55">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=54"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>54</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=55"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>55</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>56</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=57"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>57</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=58"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>58</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=57">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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