什么是运营管理 - OM的基础
什么是运营管理：
Operations management is the activity of managing the resources which produce and deliver products and services。
Every business is managed through three major functions: finance, marketing, and operations management. Finance is the function responsible for managing cash flow, current assets, and capital investments. Marketing is responsible for sales, generating customer demand, and understanding customer wants and needs. Most of us have some idea of what finance and marketing are about, but what does operations management do?
运营管理是管理组织的运营核心的功能：与组织商品和服务的创建，生产，分销和交付相关的活动。操作管理是一个管理功能。它涉及管理人员，设备，技术，信息和许多其他资源。运营管理是每个公司的核心核心功能。
也可以看看 ：Graduatio后运营管理MBA课程n For Mechanical Engineers
Without operations, there would be no goods or services to sell. Consider a retailer such as Gap that sells casual apparel. The marketing function provides promotions for the merchandise, and the finance function provides the needed capital. It is the operations function, however, that plans and coordinates all the resources needed to design, produce, and deliver the merchandise to the various retail locations. Without operations, there would be no goods or services to sell to customers.
The role of operations management is to transform a company’s inputs into the finished goods or services. Inputs include human resources (such as workers and managers), facilities and processes (such as buildings and equipment), as well as materials, technology, and information. Outputs are the goods and services a company produces. The below figure shows this transformation process.
在工厂，转型是将原材料的物理变化为最终商品或产品。
运营管理对于编排产品最终产品所需的所有资源至关重要。这包括设计产品；确定需要什么资源；安排时间表，设备和设施；管理库存；控制质量；设计工作以制造产品；和设计工作方法。基本上，操作管理负责将输入转换为输出的过程的各个方面。客户反馈和性能信息用于不断调整输入，转换过程和输出的特征。
为了使操作管理成功，必须在转换过程中增加价值。我们使用该术语增值来描述产品的最终价值与所有输入的值之间的净增加。The greater the value added, the more productive a business is. An obvious way to add value is to reduce the cost of activities in the transformation process. Activities that do not add value are considered a waste; these include certain jobs, equipment, and processes. In addition to value added, operations must be efficient.
Efficiency手段，能够以最低的成本进行良好的活动。操作的重要作用是分析所有活动，消除那些不增加价值的活动，以及重组过程和工作，以提高效率。当今的商业环境比以往任何时候都更具竞争力，运营管理的作用已成为通过提高增值和效率提高竞争力的努力的重点
Within operations functions, management decisions can be divided into three broad areas:
- 战略（长期）决策
- Tactical (intermediate-term) decisions
- Operational planning and control (short-term) decisions
战略问题通常是广泛的，解决了诸如
- 我们将如何制造产品？
- 我们在哪里找到定位设施或设施？
- 我们需要多少能力？
- 我们什么时候应该增加容量？
Thus, by necessity, the time frame for strategic decision us typically long – usually several years or more, depending upon the type of industry.
战略层面的运营管理会影响公司在如何满足客户需求方面的长期效果。因此，要使公司成功，这些决定必须与公司战略保持一致。在战略层面做出的决定成为企业必须在中级和短期内必须运行的固定条件或经营限制。
在下一个级别的决策过程中，战术计划主要解决了如何在先前做出的战略决策的约束中有效安排材料和劳动力。运营管理集中在此级别的问题包括
- 我们需要多少工人？
- 我们什么时候需要它们？
- 我们应该加班或进行第二班工作？
– When should we have material delivered?
这些战术决策反过来又成为了作战计划和控制决策的运营限制。
相比之下，关于运营计划和控制的管理决策是狭窄和短期的。此级别的问题包括：
– What jobs do we work on today or this week?
– Whom should we assign which task?
- 哪些工作优先？
