什么是应变仪 - 应变仪表

什么是应变仪 - 应变仪表

什么是应变仪?

最广泛使用的压力和力敏感换能器是应变仪。应变仪的原理基于电导体的电阻性。

Electrical conductor possesses resistance based on the relationship

r =ρ(l / a)

其中R是电阻,ρ是电阻率,L是长度,a是横截面的区域。

When a metal conductor is stretched or compressed, its resistance changes because of the fact that both length and diameter of the conductor change. These effects, called压阻效应,可用于测量若干变量,如应变和实验应力分析中的统治应力,尺寸变化小。

应变仪
应变仪

在图的顶部,导体无关。在该图的底部,导体处于张力,增加其长度并减小其区域。应变仪的抗性与其尺寸变化成比例地变化。

strain gauge formulas

仪表因子,G, of a strain gauge is the ratio of relative change in resistance to the relative change in length.

应变仪 - 抛光因子比
应变仪 - 抛光因子比

制作应变仪中的两个主要结构:保税和不合理。这些如图所示。在未粘合的应变计中,导线电阻元件在两个柔性支撑件之间拉伸。电线根据施加到隔膜的力伸展。由于这些力,导线的电阻变化。

应变仪的类型 - 粘合和被滤油的应变仪表
应变仪的类型 - 粘合和被滤油的应变仪表

In a bonded strain gauge, a wire metal foil is placed in a thin metal diaphragm. When the diaphragm is flexed, the element deforms and change in resistance occurs. Generally, bonded strain gauge is more durable than unbonded.

有三种类型的应变仪:

(一种)金属电阻应变仪由金属电线制成,例如恒定(Cu-Ni合金)镍铬物V或铂合金。

(b)铝箔应变仪由薄,8-15μm硝基纤维素浸渍浸渍纸,其上附着光蚀刻金属合金长丝作为电阻材料。对于更高的温度,使用环氧树脂衬底代替纸张。
测量幅的主动长度沿横轴。表格应以横轴安装在与力或菌株的应用方向相同的方向上。因此,测量仪的伸长率降低了长度,从而降低了电阻。

(c)第三种类型是半导体计。这取决于硅和锗的压阻性。它们具有高灵敏度,具有50到200的规格因子。它们的主要缺陷是由于温度和非线性输出引起的波动。p型仪表增加电阻采用施加的拉伸应变,而N型计电阻降低。测量仪通常通过环氧粘合剂或陶瓷水泥粘合到该结构上。

Sachin Thorat.

Sachin is a B-TECH graduate in Mechanical Engineering from a reputed Engineering college. Currently, he is working in the sheet metal industry as a designer. Additionally, he has interested in Product Design, Animation, and Project design. He also likes to write articles related to the mechanical engineering field and tries to motivate other mechanical engineering students by his innovative project ideas, design, models and videos.

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