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Automatic Vending machine Projects</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/how-to-make-vending-machine-automatic-vending-machine-projects/">How to Make Vending Machine &#8211; Automatic Vending machine Projects</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>How to Make Vending Machine - Automatic Vending machine Projects
Abstract—  The usage of paper is inevitable and its demand is increasing steadily particularly in the places such as educational...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/how-to-make-vending-machine-automatic-vending-machine-projects/" aria-label="View Post: How to Make Vending Machine &#8211; Automatic Vending machine Projects">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"How to Make Vending Machine &#8211; Automatic Vending machine Projects","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/how-to-make-vending-machine-automatic-vending-machine-projects\/","articleBody":"How to Make Vending Machine - Automatic Vending machine Projects\r\nAbstract\u2014\r\n\r\nThe usage of paper is inevitable and its demand is increasing steadily particularly in the places such as educational institutions, government offices, etc. At the same time, time is a precious thing that one does not want to waste in any way. In stationary shops it is quite difficult to buy papersduring rush time period and the counting of the paper depending on the requirement would cause further time delay and there is a chance for the error in the manual counting of paper. To avoid these problems, this project titled\u201cAutomatic Paper Vending Machine\u201d is proposed to deliver the paper to the public by using the sensors and microcontrollers based on the Mechatronics principles. It will be more cheap and economic for the bulk production and it will be very useful for the college and school students. Here it is designed to deliver sheets by inputting the respective coin in the system. It will help us to save more time and manual work will be nullified.\r\n\r\nWhat is Vending Machine :\u00a0\r\nWhen the world is running hastily with advancement, time is the undisputedly the most valuable resource of all. It becomes inevitable to save the time by all possible means. In places such as shopping malls, wholesale and retail outlets, automation is incorporated for the automatic delivery of the products to the customers. A vending machine is a machine that dispenses items such as snacks, beverages, alcohol, cigarettes,lottery tickets, cologne, consumer products, and even gold and gems to customers automatically,after the customer inserts-currency or credit into the machine.\r\n\r\nFor instance, the automatic cool drink vending machine,ice-cream vending machine,chocolate vending machine, water\/tea\/coffee vending machines, etc. can be increasingly found to encroach the shops nowadays, which reduces the time and also reduce the human effort required to recognize, search, count and deliver the product along with the cash handling. The Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) is the best example of all, for the application of engineering principles to reduce time and human effort. These kinds of vending machines operate based on the application of electronics engineering, mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, which are collectively termed as the Mechatronics. Thus, it is proposed in this project to design and fabricate an automatic paper vending machine, with the application of mechatronics principles, so as to reduce the time taken and the human effort taken to deliver the paper to the customer in required quantity and size, and also meet the higher demand for paper at the peak time, such as examination seasons near educational institutions and almost everlasting demand near the government offices.\r\n\r\nautomatic vending machine\r\n\r\nHow to make Vending Machine :\r\n\r\nMETHODOLOGY\r\nThe Automatic Paper Vending Machine works under the methodology of the mechatronics system with the objective to provide automation. Generally the automation deals with the elimination of manual work using electronic processing of mechanical work control mechanism. It consists of three main units which include:\r\n\r\nA. Input unit\r\nB. Processing unit\r\nC. Output unit\r\n\r\nInput Unit: The input unit of the automatic paper vending machine comprises of the components required to receive the coin from the customer and sensing the genuineness of the coin.\r\n\r\nProcessing unit: The processing unit comprises of the components required to ensure the reception of the genuine coin. It further, signals the output unit to deliver the number of paper to the customer, on insertion of a genuine coin inside the automatic paper vending machine.\r\n\r\nOutput unit: The output unit comprises of the components required to deliver the paper to the customer. It works on the instruction from the processing unit.\r\n\r\nDESIGN OF AUTOMATIC PAPER VENDING MACHINE\r\nThe automatic paper vending machine proposed in this paper, is made by the following list of components:\r\nA. Microcontroller\r\nB. Transformer\r\nC. DC Motor\r\nD. Roller\r\nE. Transmission drives\r\nF. Power supply board\r\nG. LCD\r\nH. Coin sensor\r\nI. Casing\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\nThe main advantages of this automatic paper vending machine include:\r\n1. It reduces the time taken to deliver the paper when a customer asks for the number of papers.\r\n2. The counting of the required number of papers to be delivered would be accurate.\r\n3. Faster delivery of papers to the customers would be possible during peak time and the unnecessary crowd near the stationery shops near the educational institutions, during examination season would be avoided.\r\n4. Reduces human effort.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\nThe disadvantages of this automatic paper vending machine include:\r\n1. The insertion of fake currency coins inside the currency collector could not be prevented, though papers would not be delivered for them.\r\n2. The coin sensor senses the density and size of the material of the coin. It is possible to access the papers by inserting fake coins with the material of same density and size.\r\nReference and Paper Report Download\r\nhttp:\/\/ijsetr.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/IJSETR-VOL-4-ISSUE-4-634-639.pdf","headline":"How to Make Vending Machine &#8211; Automatic Vending machine Projects","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-06-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/automatic-vending-machine-287x300.jpg","height":300,"width":287},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/differences-between-all-3d-modelling-software-used-for-mechanical-engineering/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/CAD-SOFTWARE-MARKET-SHARE-300x272.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/differences-between-all-3d-modelling-software-used-for-mechanical-engineering/">Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering.
3D modelling in engineering is the process of creation of three-dimensional model of object in order to create, modify,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/differences-between-all-3d-modelling-software-used-for-mechanical-engineering/" aria-label="View Post: Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/differences-between-all-3d-modelling-software-used-for-mechanical-engineering\/","articleBody":"Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering.\r\n3D modelling in engineering is the process of creation of three-dimensional model of object in order to create, modify, analyze or optimize the design of the object using special Software. 3d modelling software is used to create a virtual model of object, which takes into the account dimensions, materials, tolerances and\r\nstresses which affect the object. This design leads to better quality of product after manufacturing, increasing the productivity, improvements in the quality of\r\ndesign.\r\n\r\nCAD \/CAM Software Market share :\r\n\r\nAccording , www.cnccookbook.com Solidworks , autodesk has maximum share because software comes with better interface and cost effectiveness.\r\n\r\nCAD SOFTWARE MARKET SHARE\r\n\r\n3D CAD software has significantly transformed the automotive sector through the empowerment of rapid prototyping in the pre-manufacturing stage to reduce the time to market. Key automotive companies such as Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Toyota Motor Corporation, Audi AG, Maruti Suzuki India Limited, and BMW AG have adopted these packages for manufacturing different parts of their vehicles.\r\n\r\nAsia-Pacific accounted for the largest share in the global market in 2014. The market dominance of Asia-Pacific is due to the high concentration of its end user industry, such as automotive and electronics. Moreover, the increase in knowledge outsourcing services for engineering design from this region is expected to drive the growth of the market in the coming years. The European and North American CAD market is witnessing slower growth, owing to mature nature of the market. Country wise, China is expected to be the largest market of the world. Some of the other major markets include the U.S., the U.K., Germany, India, France, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, South Korea, Japan, and Russia,\r\n\r\nComparison Between\u00a0 All 3d Modelling Software:\r\n\r\n \tAutoCad Vs Solidworks- Difference between Autocad and Solidworks\r\n \tSolid Edge Vs Solidworks \u2013 Difference Between Solidworks and Solid Edge\r\n \tAutocad Vs Autocad LT- Difference Between Autocad and Autocad lt\r\n \tFusion 360 Vs Solidworks- Difference Between Fusion 360 and Solidworks\r\n \tAutocad vs Revit- Difference between Autocad and Revit used for architecture\r\n \tCreo vs SolidWorks- Difference Between Creo and Solidworks\r\n \tSolidworks vs Inventor -Difference between Solidworks and Inventor\r\n \tCatia vs Solidworks \u2013 Difference Between Catia and Solidworks\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nEngineering Drawing- Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nCAD \/ CAM Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nStructural analysis and Design 3d Model Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Differences Between all 3D modelling Software used For Mechanical Engineering","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-06-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/CAD-SOFTWARE-MARKET-SHARE-300x272.jpg","height":272,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-forge-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/forge-welding-process-300x77.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Forge Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-forge-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages/">What is Forge Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Forge Welding - Advantages and Disadvantages
What is Forge Welding
Forge welding (FOW) is a solid-state welding process that joins two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-forge-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: What is Forge Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Forge Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-forge-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"What is Forge Welding - Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nWhat is Forge Welding\r\nForge welding (FOW) is a solid-state welding process that joins two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature and then hammering them together. It may also consist of heating and forcing the metals together with presses or other means, creating enough pressure to cause plastic deformation at the weld surfaces. The process is one of the simplest methods of joining metals and has been used since ancient times. Forge welding is versatile, being able to join a host of similar and dissimilar metals. With the invention of electrical and gas welding methods during the Industrial Revolution, manual forge-welding has been largely replaced, although automated forge-welding is a common manufacturing process.\r\n\r\nRead More:\u00a0Basic Of Welding : Symbols And Charts\r\n\r\nForge welding is a process of joining metals by heating them beyond a certain threshold and forcing them together with enough pressure to cause deformation of the weld surfaces, creating a metallic bond between the atoms of the metals. The pressure required varies, depending on the temperature, strength, and hardness of the alloy. Forge welding is the oldest welding technique, and has been used since ancient times.\r\n\r\nforge welding process\r\nApplication:\r\n\r\n \tIt is used to join steel or iron.\r\n \tIt is used to manufacture gates, prison cells etc.\r\n \tIt is widely used in cookware.\r\n \tIt was used to join boiler plates before introduction of other welding process.\r\n \tIt was used to weld weapon like sword etc.\r\n \tUsed to weld shotgun barrels.\r\n\r\nAdvantages and Disadvantages:\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n \tIt is simple and easy.\r\n \tIt does not require any costly equipment for weld small pieces.\r\n \tIt can weld both similar and dissimilar metals.\r\n \tProperties of weld joint is similar to base material.\r\n \tNo filler material required.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages:\r\n\r\n \tOnly small objects can be weld. Larger objects required\r\nlarge press and heating furnaces, which are not economical.\r\n \tHigh skill required because excessive hammering can damage\r\nthe welding plates.\r\n \tHigh\u00a0Welding defects\u00a0involve.\r\n \tIt cannot use as mass production.\r\n \tMostly suitable for iron and steel.\r\n \tIt is a slow welding process.","headline":"What is Forge Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-06-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/forge-welding-process-300x77.png","height":77,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-sliding-gate-openers-using-rack-and-pinion-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/rack-and-pinion-operated-gate-design-mechanical-Project-300x222.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-sliding-gate-openers-using-rack-and-pinion-mechanical-project/">Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion - Mechanical Project
ABSTRACT
Automatic gate is one of most usefully thing to use in companies, colonies, collages and schools. There is some...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-sliding-gate-openers-using-rack-and-pinion-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/automatic-sliding-gate-openers-using-rack-and-pinion-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion - Mechanical Project\r\nABSTRACT\r\nAutomatic gate is one of most usefully thing to use in companies, colonies, collages and schools. There is some type to operate a gate such as a sliding on screw or on rack and pinion, piston operated, rotary. Design is available for some type of operation and it is most costly also When installation and maintenance cost is not yet been considered. Most of the products we used in our country imported from foreign country. The objectives of this Project is to study, analyze, and develop a new mechanism that is cheap, safe easily available and installation is simple as well.. Here, different types of mechanism are used to operate gate. Those methods are finite element modeling and mechanical design concept and theories. So we have to analyze a stress, load, and other things related to deign to select material,\r\nsize of material. Therefore, the durability assessment results are significant to reduce the Cost and improve the product reliability. In order to improve the designed mechanism, vibration factor are conceder and more features provided.\r\n\r\nrack and pinion operated gate design mechanical Project\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nGates are commonly used now days at residential area and industrial area. A gate is a point of entrance to a space enclosed by walls. Gates may prevent or control Entry or exit of vehicles and human crowd. Today many gate doors are opened by an automated gate operator which gates come with many special features. The need for automatic gates has been on the increase in recent times. The system described here the actuator to control the movement of the gate automatically. The automatic gate described here automates the entrances to parking lots of residential homes, organizations, automobile terminus, and public car parks. It uses a remote control convenience to less the stress of manually opening and closing the gate and decreasing a requirement man power.. The gates are work with a many features like forward direction , reveres direction, automatic stop when problem occur and on sensing a movable parts around it..\r\nThose gates come with different type of mechanism such as sliding, swing, folding, and barrier gate. Those mechanisms have their own working principle and feature but, automatic gate design seem limited at the local market. Most of the product is supply by a outside provider. which cost is higher and not in beget. Cost study and\u00a0new mechanism design, can be Marketable toward customer at lower cost and new innovation of auto gate mechanism can enhance local design capability.\r\n\r\nOBJECTIVES\r\n\r\n \tObjectives for this project refer to the mission, purpose, or standard; minimize cost simple mechanism that can be\r\n \treasonably achieved within the expected time and with the resources which are available. The objective of this\r\n \tproject is to design an automatic gate mechanism for collage with sliding gate with weight of 250kg of the gate. Cost\r\n \treduction and ease of installation are also considered for this mechanism.\r\n\r\nPROJECT SCOPES\r\n\r\nThe scopes for this project are to study many type of mechanism and working there principal mechanisms. Those Mechanisms include sliding gate. Design and sketches in rough view, are compare with a best design and choose a best design. The design should consider about the portability and cost. Based on the design, a prototype is constructed for mechanism rough view. And also ensure the mechanism can withstand high torque\r\n\r\nAdvantages \u2013\r\n\r\n \tDesigned and fabricated with rectangular hollow sections, MS sheet and joined by welding.\r\n \tThe design and construction of gate minimize the risk and accident.\r\n \tWide range of models for gates weighing from 250kg to 450 kg\r\n \tOperate a gate manually is power problem occur.\r\n \tBecause of compact design silent operation.\r\n \tElectrical wiring of motor is safe and not come in direct contact of living things because of underground installation. Motor is protected for all things like dust, water, rain etc.\r\n \tThe electronic control is use to open, close, emergency stop, partial opening of gate, reveres safety etc.","headline":"Automatic sliding gate openers Using Rack and Pinion &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-06-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/rack-and-pinion-operated-gate-design-mechanical-Project-300x222.jpg","height":222,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/horizontal-aixs-wind-turbine-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/horizontal-axis-wind-turbine-300x295.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Horizontal Aixs wind Turbine &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/horizontal-aixs-wind-turbine-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Horizontal Aixs wind Turbine &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Horizontal Axis wind Turbine - Advantages and Disadvantages
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT):
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) has the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/horizontal-aixs-wind-turbine-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Horizontal Aixs wind Turbine &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Horizontal Aixs wind Turbine &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/horizontal-aixs-wind-turbine-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Horizontal Axis wind Turbine - Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nHorizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT):\r\nHorizontal-Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) has the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of the tower and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane, while large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a gear\u00adbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a high speed rotation that is more suitable for driving an electrical generator.\r\n\r\nSince a tower produces turbulence behind it, the turbine is usually pointed upwind of the tower. Turbine blades are made stiff to prevent the blades from being pushed into the tower and are sometimes tilted forward into the wind a small amount.\r\n\r\nhorizontal axis wind turbine\r\n\r\nDownwind machines have been built, despite the prob\u00adlem of turbulence (mast wake), because they do not require an additional mechanism for keeping them in line with the wind and because in high winds the blades can be allowed to bend which reduces their swept area and thus their wind resistance. Since cyclic turbulence may lead to fatigue failure most HAWTs are upwind machines.\r\n\r\nTurbines used in wind farms for commercial production of electrical energy are usually three-bladed and pointed into the wind by computer-controlled motors. These have high tip speeds of over 320 kmph, high efficiency and low torque ripple, resulting in good reliability.\r\n\r\nThe blades are usually coloured light gray to blend in with the clouds and range in length from 20 to 40 m or more. The tubular steel towers range from 60 to 90 m tall. The blades rotate at 10-22 rpm. At 22 rpm, the tip speed exceeds 90 m\/s. A gear box is commonly used for stepping up the speed of the generator, although designs may also use direct drive of an annular generator.\r\n\r\nSome models operate at constant speed, but more energy can be collected by variable-speed turbines which use a solid-state power converter to interface to the transmission system. All turbines are equipped with protective features to avoid damage at high wind speeds, by feathering the blades into the winds which ceases their rotation, supplemented by brakes.\r\n\r\nRead More:\u00a0Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Enegry-pros and cons of wind energy\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Horizontal Wind Turbine :\r\n\r\ni. Variable blade pitch, which provides the turbine blades the optimum angle of attack. Allowing the angle of attack to be remotely adjusted provides greater control, so the turbine collects the maximum amount of wind energy for the time of day and season.\r\n\r\nii. The tall tower base allows access to stronger wind in sites with wind shear. In some wind shear sites, the wind speed can increase by 20% and the power output by 34% for every 10 m in elevation.\r\n\r\niii. High efficiency due to movement of blades always perpendicular to the wind, receiving power through the whole rotation. In contrast, all vertical-axis wind turbines and most proposed airborne wind turbine designs, involv\u00ading various types of reciprocating actions, need airfoil surfaces to backtrack against the wind for part of the cycle. Black-tracking against the wind leads to inherently poor efficiency.\r\n\r\niv. The face of a horizontal axis blade is struck by the wind at a consistent angle regardless of the position in its rotation. This leads to a consistent lateral wind loading over the course of a rotation, reducing vibrations and audible noise coupled to the tower or mount.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages Of Vertical Wind Turbine :\r\n\r\ni. Transportation difficulties in carrying tall towers and blades of length up to 45 m. Transport can now amount to 20% of equipment costs.\r\n\r\nii. Tall HAWTs are difficult to install, requiring very tall and expensive cranes and skilled operators.\r\n\r\niii. Requirement of massive tower construction for sup\u00adporting the heavy blades, gearbox and generator.\r\n\r\niv. Reflections from tall HAWTs may affect side lobes of radar installations producing signal clutter, although fil\u00adtering can suppress it.\r\n\r\nv. Their height makes them obtrusively visible across large areas disrupting the appearance of the landscape and sometimes causing local opposition.\r\n\r\nvi. Downwind variants suffer from fatigue and structural failure caused due to turbulence when a blade passes through the tower\u2019s wind shadow (for this reason, the majority of HAWTs use an upwind design, with the rotor facing the wind in front of the tower).\r\n\r\nvii. HAWTs need an additional yaw control mechanism to turn the blades and nacelle toward the wind.\r\n\r\nviii. In order to minimize fatigue loads due to wake tur\u00adbulence, wind turbines are usually sited a distance of 5 rotor diameters from each other, but the spacing depends on the manufacturer and turbine model.","headline":"Horizontal Aixs wind Turbine &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-06-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/horizontal-axis-wind-turbine-300x295.jpg","height":295,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-nitriding-process-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/nitriding-arragnement-300x211.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Nitriding &#8211; Process, Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-nitriding-process-advantages-and-disadvantages/">What is Nitriding &#8211; Process, Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Nitriding - Process, Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction to Nitriding:
Nitriding is a case-hardening process of enriching the solid steel surface with nitrogen at a low temperature,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-nitriding-process-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: What is Nitriding &#8211; Process, Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Nitriding &#8211; Process, Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-nitriding-process-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"What is Nitriding - Process, Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nIntroduction to Nitriding:\r\nNitriding is a case-hardening process of enriching the solid steel surface with nitrogen at a low temperature, normally in the range of 500-575\u00b0C (i.e., below A1), when the steel is ferritic.\r\n\r\nThere are two general types of nitriding processes:\r\n\r\n1. For alloy steels containing strong nitride-forming elements. (Hard Nitriding)\r\n\r\n2. For unalloyed low carbon steels. (Soft Nitriding)\r\n\r\nCommonly, the definition of term \u2018nitriding\u2019 is synonym to gas-nitriding of nitriding (alloy) steels (also called nitralloys), i.e., it is understood as the enrichment of solid steel surface with nitrogen by heating it in an atmosphere of NH3\u00a0gas at a temperature normally in the range of 500-575\u00b0C for a prolonged period of 48 to 96 hours, depending upon the case-depth desired. Now-a-days, nitriding is also done in other mediums. The steels at the nitriding temperatures have microstructure consisting normally of ferrite and carbides.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Carburizing Process -Types Of Carburizing heat treatment Process\r\n\r\nAs NH3\u00a0dissociates to give atomic-nitrogen at the steel surface, it gets absorbed there, and then diffuses inside. There takes place interaction between N and the alloy solute atoms, principally of Al, Cr, Mo, resulting in the formation of fine, closely-spaced and uniformly dispersed coherent-alloy-nitrides precipi\u00adtate-particles in ferrite. Dislocations seem to be required for the nucleation of these nitride-particles, and thus, dislocations are created providing more sites for nucleation.\r\n\r\nnitriding arragnement\r\n\r\nMain Reasons for Nitriding:\r\n\r\n1. To obtain high surface hardness, wear resistance and antigalling properties. Hardness obtained is higher than obtained by carburising. Hardness HRC 62-67 or even 71 can be obtained.\r\n\r\n2. To improve fatigue properties.\r\n\r\n3. To improve corrosion resistance in atmosphere, water, steam, etc. (except stainless steels).\r\n\r\n4. To have good high temperature (up to nitriding temperature \u2248 550\u00b0C) properties. As the case has high resistance to tempering, it retains high hardness at high temperatures.\r\n\r\n5. No dangers of quench cracks and distortion i.e., high dimensional stability. No other heat treatment is required after nitriding.\r\nOperations before Nitriding:\r\nNormally several operations are done before nitriding:\r\n\r\n1. Hardening and Tempering:\r\n\r\nNitriding steels are invariably hardened and tempered at high temperature to increase the strength and toughness of the core. The tempering temperature is at least 30\u00b0 higher than the nitriding temperature, normally 600-675\u00b0C. Steel now has sorbitic structure which is also good for machining.\r\n\r\n2. Final Machining:\r\n\r\nAll the machining operations are done which give the final size to the component, keeping a close tolerance of 0.03 mm to .05 mm on all areas as parts grow during nitriding. Sharp corners if possible should be rounded off. If heavy machining had been done, the parts may be stress-relieved by heating at 550-570\u00b0C for 2-4 hours. Final finish machining may be done then. No machining is done after nitriding.\r\n\r\n3. Selective Nitriding:\r\n\r\nThe areas not to be nitrided are coated with a thin layer of tin (0.01-0.15 mm thick), copper or nickel or water glass. Surface tension keeps the molten tin sticking to the parts while being nitrided. Copper (electrolytically deposited) is also used quite often.\r\n\r\n4. Then, nitriding is done as required.\r\n\r\n5. Finish-lapping is done.\r\nProcess for Nitriding:\r\nIron-nitrogen equilibrium diagram (Fig. 8.35) can be used to study the nitriding process. At the commonly used nitriding temperature (below 590\u00b0), nitrogen dissolves in \u03b1-iron up to only 0.1% (called nitrogenous ferrite). When the nitrogen dissolved in a-iron exceeds 0.1%, next phase stable at the temperature, i.e. \u03b3\u2019- nitride (a solid solution) is formed. When nitrogen content exceeds about 6%, \u03b5-nitride (a solid solution) is formed.\r\nAdvantages and Disadvantages of Nitriding\u00a0:\r\n1.\u00a0Case-Depth:\r\n\r\nSalt-bath nitriding is commonly restricted to 4 hours, because the density of pores increases with time. Gas nitriding is not restricted but normally a practically reasonable time of 90- 98 hours is not exceeded. Thus, when greater-depth than that can be obtainable with salt-bath nitriding is required, gas-nitriding is done.\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0Time:\r\n\r\nComparing for a case-depth of around 0.1 mm (at hardness of 400 VPN for a steel), salt bath takes much less time of around 2 hours than gas-nitriding.\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0Dimensional distortion is the same (for the same case depth) in both cases, but because salt-bath- nitrided components are water or oil-quenched, additional stresses result in changes in shape, which is extra than obtained in gas-nitriding.\r\n\r\n4.\u00a0Wear Resistance:\r\n\r\nSalt-bath nitriding results in higher content of e-carbonitride than in gas-nitriding, unless hydrocarbon is added in nitriding atmosphere to result in same amount of \u03b5 -carbonitride. Higher content of \u03b5 -carbonitride provides more wear resistance and reduced risk of scuffing.\r\n\r\n5. Toughness:\r\n\r\nThe toughness of the nitrided case by salt-bath nitriding is inferior to that obtained by gas-nitriding due to rapid quenching done after salt-bath nitriding.\r\n\r\n6. Cleanliness:\r\n\r\nGas-nitriding is more clean job than salt bath nitriding particularly the related problems of using cyanide salts. There is always a danger even if all the precautions are observed with salt baths.\r\n\r\n7.\u00a0For smaller case depths, salt bath nitriding is cheaper as it takes lesser time.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages\u00a0:\r\n\r\n1. The equipment is complex and needs closer control.\r\n\r\n2. The parameters of the process have to be strictly controlled.\r\n\r\n3. High initial equipment cost.\r\n\r\n4. Different shapes and size parts cannot be ion-nitrided together.\r\n\r\n5. Highly skilled personnel are required.","headline":"What is Nitriding &#8211; Process, Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-06-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/nitriding-arragnement-300x211.jpg","height":211,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=182">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=181"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>181</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=182"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>182</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>183</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=184"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>184</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=185"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>185</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=184">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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