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class="excerpt"><p>Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive | Advantages and Disadvantages 
In this layout, front mounted engine-clutch-gear box unit drives beam type rear axle suspended on leaf springs through a propeller shaft...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/front-engine-rear-wheel-drive-diagram/" aria-label="View Post: Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive | Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive | Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/front-engine-rear-wheel-drive-diagram\/","articleBody":"Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive | Advantages and Disadvantages \r\nIn this layout, front mounted engine-clutch-gear box unit drives beam type rear axle suspended on leaf springs through a propeller shaft with two universal joints. With the help of coil springs, the front wheels are independently sprung.\r\n\r\nThis layout is one of the oldest layouts which remain unchanged for many years.\r\n\r\nRead Also :\u00a0Front Engine Front Wheel Drive | Diagram , Advantages\r\n\r\nfront engine rear wheel drive layout diagram\r\n\r\nSome of the advantages provided by this system are as follows.\r\nAdvantages Of Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive :\r\n1. It is reasonably balanced weight distribution between front and rear wheels providing good handling characteristics.\r\n2.. For easy front wheel steering movement, the engine occupies the reduced width between arches.\r\n3. Behind the rear seats, a large luggage space is available by providing the increased carrying capacity as well as space for easy body movement.\r\n4. Accessibility to various components such as engine, gear box and rear axle are better compared to other layouts.\r\n5. The control linkages such as accelerator, choke, clutch and gear box are short and simple.\r\n6. For the full benefits of the natural air stream created by vehicles, the movement is taken by the forward facing radiator in reduced power losses from a large fan.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages:\r\n1. A single or split propeller shaft with universal joints and supporting bearings between front mounted gearbox and rear axle may generate vibration, drumming, howl and other noises under certain operating conditions.\r\n\r\n2. The floor tunnel is necessary to provide a clearance for the operation of a propeller- shaft system and it may interfere with passenger leg-room.\r\n3. In case of a rigid casing for the axle and final drive, more weight is not supported by the suspension system so that the quality of the suspension ride may be reduced. Additional universal joints and drive shafts are required for independent rear suspension.\r\n4. A rear-wheel-drive vehicle when stuck in mud, tends to plough further into the ground when attempts are made to drive away.","headline":"Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive | Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/front-engine-rear-wheel-drive-layout-daigram-300x152.jpg","height":152,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/front-engine-front-wheel-drive-diagram-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/front-enginer-front-wheel-drive-diagram-300x223.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Front Engine Front Wheel Drive |  Diagram , Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/front-engine-front-wheel-drive-diagram-advantages/">Front Engine Front Wheel Drive |  Diagram , Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Front Engine Front Wheel Drive | Diagram , Front engine front wheel drive advantages and disadvantages
The majority of light vehicles have the engine at the front of the vehicle with the driving...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/front-engine-front-wheel-drive-diagram-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Front Engine Front Wheel Drive |  Diagram , Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Front Engine Front Wheel Drive |  Diagram , Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/front-engine-front-wheel-drive-diagram-advantages\/","articleBody":"Front Engine Front Wheel Drive | Diagram , Front engine front wheel drive advantages and disadvantages\r\nThe majority of light vehicles have the engine at the front of the vehicle with the driving power being transmitted to front wheels. In the arrangement shown in Figure 1.8, the engine and transmission units are placed transversely at the front of the vehicle. So, they are at right angles to the main axis of the vehicle.\r\n\r\nNo propeller shaft is used in the front engine front wheel drive and differentials are included in the same assembly. This layout provides an optimum body-luggage space and flat front line resulting a transverse longitudinal engine position. A good road adhesion is provided by the large proportion of vehicle\u2019s weight acting on driven wheels.\r\n\r\n front engine front wheel drive diagram\r\nAdvantages Of Front engine front wheel :\r\n1. Because the engine and transmission system are placed over the front wheels the road holding is improved especially in wet and slippery conditions.\r\n2. Good steering stability is achieved because the driving force at the wheels is in the direction that the vehicle is being steered. There is also a tendency for front-wheel drive vehicles to understeer which can improve drivability when cornering.\r\n3. Passenger and cargo spaces are good because there is no need for a transmission shaft to the rear axle.\r\n4. Good road adhesion is obtained due to a large part of the vehicle weights are carried on driving wheels under normal conditions.\r\n5. Under steady conditions, this drive is preferred by many drivers.\r\n6. Lower flat floor line is provided due to dispensing with the propeller shaft resulting less centre of gravity.\r\n7. The engine clutch, gear box and final drive are combined similar to a rear engine car. It provides a more comfortable drive due to final drive spring.\r\nDisadvantages of Front engine front wheel :\r\n1. Complicated drive shafts are needed for constant velocity joints.\r\n2. Acceleration is affected because the load transfer to rear of the vehicle lightens load on the drive axle at the front.\r\n3. The turning circle radius is limited by the angle through which a constant-velocity joint can function.\r\n4. Due to the combination of steered and driven wheels with short shafts, special universal joints and more complicated assembly are required.\r\n5. To prevent the rear wheels from skidding under heavy brake, the required weight at the rear usually necessitates a special arrangement.\r\n6. The tractive effort is reduced which is mostly required on steep gradients and during acceleration.","headline":"Front Engine Front Wheel Drive |  Diagram , Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/front-enginer-front-wheel-drive-diagram-300x223.jpg","height":223,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-development-of-pendulum-operated-water-pump/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Pendulum-opeated-water-pump-300x236.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-development-of-pendulum-operated-water-pump/">Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump
Abstract -
The traditional hand water pump may take more efforts, the man who operates traditional hand water pump has to apply his force...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-development-of-pendulum-operated-water-pump/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-development-of-pendulum-operated-water-pump\/","articleBody":"Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump\r\nAbstract -\r\nThe traditional hand water pump may take more efforts, the man who operates traditional hand water pump has to apply his force continuously on the lever of pump, due to which man who are using this pump get tired immediately. One important think of a pump with a pendulum is that the work is alleviated or in simple terms it makes work rather easier when is compared with a traditional hand water pump. It is due to this underlined feature which enables the pendulum pump to be used as an efficient mode in the irrigation of smaller lots, water-wells. By the use of pendulum based water pumping system we can increase the efficiency of the plant and reduce the effort, cost of production, production time, and manpower requirement.\r\nThe research done fill today is concentrated on the working and effectiveness of the mechanism only. Considering all of the advantages of the mechanism it was decided to use it for lifting water with the help of reciprocating pump such that the input to the mechanism is given by humans which is comparatively less than the effort applied by humans to lift water using hand pumps directly.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nThe main importance of a pendulum pump is that the initiation energy for starting the process of pumping, swinging of the pendulum, is considerably less when compared with the work required to operate hand pumps.\r\nTypical hand pumps require sufficiently large effort and an average person can use the pump continuously only for a short time, but the pendulum pump requires only minimum of the effort, because it is only required to oscillate the pendulum and can maintain these oscillation for several hours, without any fatigue. The advantage of this invention compared to present hand pump solutions are: less force to start the pump, less water consumption, and both arms can be used to fetch the water.\r\n\r\nWorking Principle\r\nThe oscillation of pendulum has dynamic action of forces. When pendulum is at the extreme ends, the component of force acting on the lever due to pendulum is minimum level and lever is at extreme high position on pendulum side due to action of counter weights. While, when the pendulum is in motion &amp; is at middle position, the force due to pendulum is maximum level &amp; lever is at extreme low position as forces exceed that of the counter weights. Repetition of this phenomenon is the principle of working of the project.\r\n\r\nOscillation of the pendulum is the input to the model. These oscillations will cause the lever to oscillate about its pivot point. The other end of lever as connected to the rod of the pump; causes it to reciprocate thus giving the pumping action.\r\n\r\nWorking\r\n\r\nThe working of pendulum pump is depends on the main parts like pendulum with suitable counter weight, main lever, oscillating mechanisms, reciprocating pump, spring. The motion of pendulum is depends on the effort applied by human being. The pendulum is connected to one end of lever .when we apply the force on the pendulum then pendulum starts oscillates this oscillates motion of pendulum transferred to the main lever. The main lever starts oscillates due to movement of pendulum, the liver is mounted on the top of the frame. The liver is supported by two pedestal bearing we can say that the oscillating mechanism. The liver oscillates in which oscillating mechanism. The connecting rod of the piston is connected to the liver the oscillating motion of liver is transferred to piston rod and then the oscillating motion of liver is converting in to reciprocating motion of piston.\r\nWhen the cylinder is fully filled by water then water is goes out through outlet port. Where we get the output result of the pump in the form of discharged water.\r\n\r\nPendulum operated water pump\r\n\r\nThe downward movement of piston is achieved by the spring. The spring is located at the end of lever at pump side. When the lever takes upward position then spring will expand and piston completes the suction stroke .at the next movement of spring is compression this movement is used to retract the liver. The spring also balances the weight of the pendulum.\r\nWatch Video :\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nReference and Download :\r\nhttps:\/\/www.irjet.net\/archives\/V5\/i4\/IRJET-V5I4312.pdf","headline":"Design and Development of Pendulum Operated Water Pump","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Pendulum-opeated-water-pump-300x236.jpg","height":236,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-analysis-of-centrifugal-governor-a-review/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/governor-axial-delfection-300x262.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-analysis-of-centrifugal-governor-a-review/">Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review
Abstract - 
The function of the governor is to maintain the speed of an engine within specified limits whenever there is a variation of load....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-analysis-of-centrifugal-governor-a-review/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-analysis-of-centrifugal-governor-a-review\/","articleBody":"Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review\r\nAbstract - \r\nThe function of the governor is to maintain the speed of an engine within specified limits whenever there is a variation of load. This device can be used in almost all vehicles. The objective of our investigation to identify the stress concentration areas &amp; areas which are most susceptible to failure when governor is rotating about its axis, also the value of these stresses is measured. This analysis is carried out with the help of PRO E. The displacement of the various elements of the SPINDLE from the base is also calculated and the graphs are plotted. Effect of the \u201cWEIGHT OF THE ARMS\u201d is the major area of concern for our study and all the calculations are done considering the weight of the arms. Weight of the arms acts on the centroid of the arms and when the governor assembly rotates, centrifugal force starts acting on the centroid of the arms and tends to deflect the arms, this deflection or bending is to be minimized. In our work, we have done the Stress analysis on a particular configuration of governor assembly and then various materials are suggested on a theoretical basis.\r\nCentrifugal governor\r\nA flyweight mechanism driven by the engine is linked to the throttle and works against a spring in a fashion similar to that of the pneumatic governor, resulting in essentially identical operation. A centrifugal governor is more complex to design and produce than a pneumatic governor. However, the centrifugal design is more sensitive to speed changes and hence is better suited to engines that experience large fluctuations in loading. \r\n\r\n DESIGN OF GOVERNOR\r\nDesign Process\r\n\r\n \tDesign Criteria of the Governor All the legs move exactly like one another\r\n \tIts total axial deflection at 6000 rad\/sec cannot exceed 2.3 mm.\r\n \tNeglecting the in-plane load effects, the fundamental natural frequency to be below 2000 Hz\r\n \tThe lengths L1 and L2 have the following relations: 1.4*L2\r\n \t&lt;= L1 &lt;= 2.0*L2. L1 and L2 must be reasonable and comparable. The width and thickness of all sections of the legs are constant.\r\n \tThe thickness and width of each leg can vary in increments of 0.25 mm\r\n \tThe thickness is relatively small\r\n \tThe height of the short sections of the legs is 4 mm.\r\n \tAll edges of the legs (except the ones that connect to the shaft) are straight\r\n\r\n governor axial deflection\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRESULTS AND DISCUSSION\r\n\r\nFrom the stress analysis of the various parts of the governor assembly we are able to identify the stress. Governor\u2019s axial deflection vs. angular velocity, the angular velocity of model was varied and radial displacement was obtained. For various angular velocity, the nature of deviation in radial displacement was obtained. And from our study we determined that, as the angular velocity increases the axial displacement increases.\r\nReference and Download Report :\r\nhttps:\/\/www.irjet.net\/archives\/V4\/i1\/IRJET-V4I1185.pdf","headline":"Design and Analysis of Centrifugal Governor : A Review","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/governor-axial-delfection-300x262.jpg","height":262,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/plasma-arc-welding-advantages-disadvantages-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Plasma-Arc-Welding-300x155.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/plasma-arc-welding-advantages-disadvantages-application/">Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application
Plasma Arc Welding:
In Plasma arc welding (PAW) is an arc welding process, a concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed towards...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/plasma-arc-welding-advantages-disadvantages-application/" aria-label="View Post: Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/plasma-arc-welding-advantages-disadvantages-application\/","articleBody":"Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application\r\nPlasma Arc Welding:\r\nIn Plasma arc welding (PAW) is an arc welding process, a concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed towards the weld area.\r\nThe arc is stable and reaches temperatures as high as 33,000\u00b0C.\r\nA plasma is an ionized very hot gas composed of nearly the same numbers of electrons and ions.\r\n\r\nIn Plasma-arc Welding (PAW) is an arc welding process, a concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed towards the weld area. The arc is stable and reaches temperatures as high as 33,000\u00b0C. A plasma is an ionized very hot gas composed of nearly same numbers of electrons and ions. The plasma starts between the tungsten electrode and the orifice by a low current pilot arc. What makes plasma-arc welding unlike other processes is that the plasma arc is concentrated because it is forced through a relatively small orifice. Operating currents usually are less than 100 A. When a filler metal is used it is fed into the arc as is done in Gas Tungsten-arc Welding. Arc and weld-zone shielding are supplied by means of an outer shielding ring and the use of inert gases like argon, helium or mixtures.\r\nThere are two methods of plasma-arc welding:\r\n\r\n \tIn the transferred-arc method of plasma-arc welding(in pic left side), the workpiece being welded is part of the electrical circuit. The arc transfers from the electrode to the workpiece hence the term transferred.\r\n \tIn the non-transferred arc method of plasma-arc welding(in pic right side), the arc occurs between the electrode and the nozzle and the heat is carried to the workpiece by the plasma gas. This thermal transfer mechanism is similar to that for an oxy-fuel flame.\r\n\r\n Plasma-Arc-Welding\r\nAdvantages of Plasma Arc Welding:\r\n\r\n \tTorch design allows better control of arc.\r\n \tThis method provides more freedom to observe and control the weld.\r\n \tThe higher the heat concentration and plasma jet allow faster travel speeds.\r\n \tThe high temperature and high heat concentration of plasma allow keyhole effect.\r\n \tThis provides complete penetration with single pass welding of many joints.\r\n \tHeat affected zone is smaller compared to GTAW(Gas tungsten arc welding).\r\n \tIt uses less current input as compared to another welding process.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Plasma Arc Welding:\r\n\r\n \tIt produces wider welds and heat affected zones compare to LBW and EBW.\r\n \tPlasma welding equipment is very costly. Hence it will have a higher startup cost.\r\n \tIt requires training and specialization to perform plasma welding.\r\n \tIt produces ultraviolet and infrared radiation.\r\n \tThe method produces higher noise on the order of about 100dB.\r\n \tThe torch is bulky and hence manual welding is a bit difficult and requires training as mentioned.\r\n\r\nApplication of Plasma Arc Welding:\r\n\r\n \tThis welding is used in\u00a0marine\u00a0and aerospace industries.\r\n \tThis is used to weld pipes and tubes of stainless steel or titanium.\r\n \tIt is mostly used in\u00a0electronic industries.\r\n \tAlso, this is used to repair tools, die, and mold.\r\n \tThis is used for welding or coating on\u00a0a\u00a0turbine blade","headline":"Plasma Arc Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Plasma-Arc-Welding-300x155.jpg","height":155,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-centrifugal-governor-construction-and-working/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/centrifugal-governer-300x236.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Centrifugal Governor |Construction and Working</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-centrifugal-governor-construction-and-working/">What is Centrifugal Governor |Construction and Working</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Centrifugal Governor |Construction and Working
What is Governor : 
A Governor, or speed limiter, is a device used to measure and regulate the speed of a machine, such as an engine. A...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-centrifugal-governor-construction-and-working/" aria-label="View Post: What is Centrifugal Governor |Construction and Working">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Centrifugal Governor |Construction and Working","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-centrifugal-governor-construction-and-working\/","articleBody":"What is Centrifugal Governor |Construction and Working\r\nWhat is Governor :\u00a0\r\nA Governor, or speed limiter, is a device used to measure and regulate the speed of a machine, such as an engine. A classic example is the centrifugal governor, also known as the watt. [1-3] Centrifugal governors were used to regulate the distance and pressure between millstones in windmills since the 17th century. Early steam engines employed a purely reciprocating motion, and were used for pumping water an application that could tolerate variations in the working speed. It was not until the Scottish engineer James Watt introduced the rotative\r\nsteam engine, for driving factory machinery, that a constant operating speed became necessary. Between the years 1775 and 1800, Watt, in partnership with industrialist Matthew Bolton, produced some 500 rotative beam engines. At the heart of these engines was Watts self-designed \"conical pendulum\" governor: a set of revolving steel balls attached to a vertical spindle by link arms, where the controlling force consists of the weight of the balls.\r\n\r\nCentrifugal governor\r\n\r\nA flyweight mechanism driven by the engine is linked to the throttle and works against a spring in a fashion similar to that of the pneumatic governor, resulting in essentially identical operation. A centrifugal governor is more complex to design and produce than a pneumatic governor. However, the centrifugal design is more sensitive to speed changes and hence is better suited to engines that experience large fluctuations in loading.\r\n\r\nCentrifugal Governor is shown above in the figure which maintains the mean speed of the engine when there is variations in the load. It basically works on the principle of balancing of the centrifugal force on the flyballs by equal and opposite radial forces.\r\n\r\n centrifugal governor\r\nConstructional Details:\r\nSpindle axis is driven by bevelled gears of engine shaft which rotates the flyball and it is connected to the sleeves with the help of links. Sleeves can slides up and down along with flyball along the spindle axis. To limit the motion of sleeves up and down two stops are there. Throttle valve is connected to the sleeves through bell crank lever which can controls opening and closing of the valve.\r\nWorking:\r\nWhen the load on engine increases, its speed decreases. 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