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Input, Output, Objectives, Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-material-requirements/">Material Requirements Planning &#8211; Input, Output, Objectives, Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to MPR (Material Requirement Planning)
Industry is getting modern face day by day. The management function is adopting new techniques to improve overall productivity. Materials...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-material-requirements/" aria-label="View Post: Material Requirements Planning &#8211; Input, Output, Objectives, Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Material Requirements Planning &#8211; Input, Output, Objectives, Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/introduction-to-material-requirements\/","articleBody":"Introduction to MPR (Material Requirement Planning)\r\nIndustry is getting modern face day by day. The management function is adopting new techniques to improve overall productivity. Materials management is also accepting and implementing such modern techniques. Examples: MRP and ERP.\r\nMRP is a simple system of calculating arithmetically the requirements of the input materials at different points of time based on the actual production plan. MRP can also be defined as a planning and scheduling system to meet time-phased materials requirements for production operations. MRP always tries to meet the delivery schedule of end products as specified in the master production schedule.\r\n\r\nWhat is MRP :\u00a0\r\nMaterial resource (requirement) planning (MRP):\r\n\r\n\u2022 MRP is the scientific way of determining the requirements of raw materials, spares, components, and all other items required for production within the economic investment policies of the productive system.\r\n\u2022 MRP converts the Master schedule for the final product into a detailed schedule for raw materials and all other items required for production.\r\n\u2022 MRP helps to understand about order time, the delivery time of all the materials necessary for smooth production function.\r\n\u2022 The logic of MRP is based on the principle of dependent demand. i.e. the direct relationship between the demand of one item and demand of its main assembly (e.g. wheel and bicycle).\r\n\u2022 MRP projects not only the demand but also the timing of the inventory demand.\r\n\u2022 MRP determines quantity and timing for material planning.\r\n\r\n\r\nMRP Objectives\r\n\r\nMRP has several objectives, such as:\r\n\r\n \t\r\nReduction in Inventory Cost: By providing the right quantity of material at the right time to meet the master production schedule, MRP tries to avoid the cost of excessive inventory.\r\n \t\r\nMeeting Delivery Schedule: By minimizing the delays in materials procurement, production decision making, MRP helps avoid delays in production thereby meeting delivery schedules more consistently.\r\n \t\r\nImproved Performance: By streamlining the production operations and minimizing the unplanned interruptions, MRP focuses on having all components available at the right place in the right quantity at the right time.\r\n\r\nFunctions of Material Requirements Planning:\r\n1. To ensure that material and components are available for production.\r\n2. To ensure that final products are ready for dispatch.\r\n3. To maintain minimum inventory.\r\n4. To ensure the right quantity of material is available at the right time to produce the right quantity of products.\r\n5. To ensure the planning of all manufacturing processes.\r\n6. To reduce investment in work in process inventories.\r\nComponents of MRP system\r\nA simple sketch of an MRP system is shown in the figure. It can be seen from the figure that an MRP system has three major input components:\r\n\r\n\r\nFig.\u00a0Material Requirements Planning System Architecture\r\n\r\n\r\nInputs to MRP:\r\n1. Supplier lead time: supplier lead time need to be an essential part of how you plan production.\r\n2. On hand inventory: If resource material is available in inventory, then there is no necessity to purchase new. This saves money. This helps to optimize on the materials already in the inventory. Keeping promises of customers is also easy.\r\n3. Current forecasting: if there is knowledge about what you have already forecasted, then this can alert the organization to make changes that need to be made. This helps to line up demand and inventory.\r\n4. Work and machine center capacity:\r\n\u2022 Knowledge person capacity is a must to do MRP.\r\n\u2022 Whenever a customer wants material, we should make it available to the customer.\r\n\u2022 If capacity at work is known, then the planning of material available for dispatch can be calculated.\r\n\u2022 As per such calculation, we can give promises to the customers.\r\n5. Order history and season:\r\n\u2022 There should be an idea about seasonal trends.\r\n\u2022 This knowledge helps to optimize production rate as per the demands. Also, in addition to the above, the following are a few more inputs for effective MRP.\r\n6. Price trends of the materials.\r\n7. Import policy of the government.\r\nInput Files of MRP :\r\n\r\n \t\r\nMaster Production Schedule (MPS): MPS is designed to meet the market demand (both the firm orders and forecasted demand) in the future in the taken planning horizon. MPS mainly depicts the detailed delivery schedule of the end products. However, orders for replacement components can also be included in it to make it more comprehensive.\r\n \t\r\nBill of Materials (BOM) File: BOM represents the product structure. It encompasses information about all sub-components needed, their quantity, and their sequence of buildup in the end product. Information about the work centers performing buildup operations is also included in it.\r\n \t\r\nInventory Status File: Inventory status file keeps an up-to-date record of each item in the inventory. Information such as item identification number, quantity on hand, safety stock level, quantity already allocated and the procurement lead time of each item is recorded in this file.\r\n\r\nOutput Of MRP :\r\n\r\n \t\r\nPlanned Orders Receipts: This is the order quantity of an item that is planned to be ordered so that it is received at the beginning of the period under consideration to meet the net requirements of that period. This order has not yet been placed and will be placed in the future.\r\n \t\r\nPlanned Order Release: This is the order quantity of an item that is planned to be ordered in the planned time period for this order that will ensure that the item is received when needed. Planned order release is determined by offsetting the planned order receipt by the procurement lead time of that item. Planned Order Release includes inventory forecast, purchase commitment reports, stock-out incidences, etc.\r\n \t\r\nOrder Rescheduling: This highlights the need for any expediting, de-expediting, and cancellation of open orders, etc. in case of unexpected situations.\r\n\r\n MRP Outputs Reports :\u00a0\r\nThe material requirements planning program generates a variety of outputs that can be used in the planning and management of plant operations. \r\n\r\nThese outputs include:\r\n1. Order release notice, to place orders that have been planned by the MRP system\r\n2. Reports showing planned orders to be released in future periods\r\n3. Rescheduling notices, indicating changes in due dates for open orders\r\n4. Cancellation notices, indicating cancellation of open orders because of changes in the master schedule\r\n5. Reports on inventory status\r\n\r\nThe outputs of the MRP system listed above are called primary outputs by Orlicky. In addition, secondary output reports can be generated by the MRP system at the user's option. \r\n\r\nThese reports include:\r\n\r\n1. Performance reports of various types, indicating costs, item usage, actual versus planned lead times, and other measures of performance\r\n2. Exception reports, showing deviations from schedule, orders that are overdue, scrap, and so on\r\n3. Inventory forecasts, indicating projected inventory levels (both aggregate inventory as well as item inventory) in future periods \r\nAdvantages of material resource planning:\r\n1. Minimum levels of inventories are possible.\r\n2. As inventories are minimum, the costs related to them are also less.\r\n3. Material tracking becomes easy.\r\n4. It is ensured that the economic order quantity is achieved for all lot orders.\r\n5. Material planning smoothens capacity utilization.\r\n6. MRP allocates the correct time to products as per the demand forecast.\r\n7. Quicker response to the change in demand.\r\n8. Better machine utilization.\r\n9. No issues of shortages.\r\n10. Better inventory turnover.\r\n\r\n\r\nLimitations of MRP:\r\n\r\n \tMaterial planning is highly dependent on the inputs it receives from other systems or departments. If the input information is not correct than output for material planning will also be incorrect. \r\n \tThe material planning system requires proper training for end-users, as to get maximum out of the system. \r\n \tThe material resource planning system requires a substantial investment of time and capital.","headline":"Material Requirements Planning &#8211; Input, Output, Objectives, Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-06-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/MaterialRequirementsPlanningSystemArchitecture-300x163.jpg","height":163,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-pyrolysis-advantages-classificcation/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Differentmodesofpyrolysis-300x44.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-pyrolysis-advantages-classificcation/">Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis  Pyrolysis  • The word Pyrolysis is derived from Greek words 
– Pyr: Fire
– Lysis: Separating
• Pyrolysis is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/introduction-to-pyrolysis-advantages-classificcation/" aria-label="View Post: Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/introduction-to-pyrolysis-advantages-classificcation\/","articleBody":"Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis\r\n\r\nPyrolysis\r\n\r\n\u2022 The word Pyrolysis is derived from Greek words\u00a0\r\n\u2013 Pyr: Fire\r\n\u2013 Lysis: Separating\r\n\u2022 Pyrolysis is one of the dry chemical processes.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 It is thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of oxygen. It is destructive distillation of wood, biomass in the absence of air or oxygen.\r\n\u2022 It is always also the first step in combustion and gasification processes where it is followed by total or partial oxidation of the primary products.\r\n\r\nAdvantages\r\n\r\n\u2022 Among the thermo-chemical processes, pyrolysis has become an attractive alternative because of the ease of operation.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Its suitability as fuel for energy production and as feedstock for chemical industries,\u00a0\r\n\u2022 relatively few polluting emissions,\r\n\u2022 CO2 neutral cycle and\u00a0\r\n\u2022 ease of reproduction make pyrolytic oil.\r\nClassification of Pyrolysis\r\n\u2022 The pyrolysis can be classified as allothermal and autothermal.\r\n\u2022 Allothermal: The process in which heat is supplied from an external agency.\r\n\u2022 Autothermal: heating by fuel wood itself.\r\n\r\nAllothermal Process\r\n\r\n\u2022 Pyrolysis is achieved by using an external heat source such as exhaust gas, electrical energy etc, However, the process is unsuitable for pyrolysis since\r\n1) There is no control over the products in an integrated systems.\r\n2) If a non-reacting medium such as N2 is used for heat transfer &amp; uniform heating, there is the problem of purification at the gas collection points.\r\n3) If the spatially differentiated system \u00a0of heating is adopted, the coefficient of heat transfer between the source &amp; wood\/biomass is reduced. This is because the presence of wall enables only conductive transfer instead of convection &amp; radiation . This reduces the net energy efficiency.\r\n4) Allothermal process may involve the use of a high grade source (electric energy) for producing a low grade product.\r\n\r\nAutothermal\r\n\r\n\u2022 In this process a small amount of air or oxygen is supplied to the wood\/biomass &amp; combustion is initiated with sole objective of causing pyrolysis.\r\n\u2022 If combustion is excessive , fuel energy instead of going into the production of secondary fuel \u00a0is escaped as sensible heat of the fuel gas.\r\n\u2022 Therefore, combustion must be kept at minimum level.\r\n\r\nDifferent modes of Pyrolysis\r\n\r\n-The proportion of gas, liquid, and solid products depend very much on the pyrolysis technique used and on the reaction parameters.\r\n-Depending on the operating conditions, the pyrolysis process can be divided into three sub classes.\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Different modes of Pyrolysis\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFast Pyrolysis\r\nPyrolysis is now a days more popular for producing oils known as bio-crude or bio-oils.\u00a0\r\n\u2013 pyrolysis oil, bio-oil, bio-crude-oil, bio-fuel-oil, wood liquids, wood oil, liquid smoke, wood distillates, pyroligneous tar, pyroligneous acid, and liquid wood\r\n\u2022 This process is known as fast or flash pyrolysis.\r\n\u2022 High heating rates, of up to a claimed 1000 \u00b0C\/s , at temperature below about 650 \u00b0C and with rapid quenching, causes the liquid intermediate products of pyrolysis to condense before further reaction breaks down higher molecular weight species into gaseous products.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 The high reaction rates also minimize char formation, and under some condition no char is apparently formed.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Pyrolysis at these high heating rates is known as fast, or flash pyrolysis according to the heating rate and residence time, although the distinctions are blurred.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Fast pyrolysis occurs in a time of few seconds or less.\u00a0\r\no using small particles,\r\no transfer heat very fast only to the particle surface\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2022 In 1980s, several fast pyrolysis processes were developed, e.g., waterloo fast pyrolysis, Ensyn rapid thermal pyrolysis, Georgia tech entrained flow pyrolysis, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory vortex ablation \u00a0 pyrolysis.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 The common feature of all these processes are high rate of heat transfer at moderate temperatures(450 oC\u2013550 oC) and a short (&lt; seconds) residence time of product vapour in the reactor.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 These reaction conditions result in a high yield conversion of \u00a0biomass (50%\u201375%) into a liquid product. This liquid has a high oxygen content, burns smoothly and cleanly, and has a potential to be used as a fuel oil substitute.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Combustion tests have demonstrated that BPOs (biomass pyrolysis oils) could be burnt efficiently (pulsation free flame, low-hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions) in standard or in slightly modified burners (Sims 1994).\r\n\r\nThe essential features of a fast pyrolysis process for producing liquids\r\n\r\n\u2022 Very high heating and heat transfer rates at the reaction interface, which \u00a0usually requires a finely ground biomass feed,\r\n\u2022 Care fully \u00a0controlled \u00a0pyrolysis \u00a0reaction \u00a0temperature \u00a0of \u00a0around \u00a0500 \u00a0\u00baC \u00a0and \u00a0vapour phase temperature of 400-450 \u00baC,\r\n\u2022 Short vapour residence times of typically less than 2 seconds, and\r\n\u2022 Rapid cooling of the pyrolysis vapours to give the bio-oil product.\r\nTypical process principle\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Fast pyrolysis Process\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA fast pyrolysis process includes\r\n\r\n\u2013 drying the feed to typically less than 10% water in order to minimise the water in the product liquid oil (although up to 15% can be acceptable),\u00a0\r\n\u2013 grinding the feed (to around 2 mm in the case of fluid bed reactors), to give sufficiently small particles to en sure rapid reaction,\u00a0\r\n\u2013 pyrolysis reaction,\u00a0\r\n\u2013 separation of solids (char), and\u00a0\r\n\u2013 collection of the liquid product (bio-oil).\u00a0\r\n\r\nTypes of reactors\r\n\r\n\u2022 Fluid bed\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Ablative\r\n\u2022 Circulating fluid bed\r\n\u2022 Entrained flow\r\n\u2022 Rotating cone\r\n\u2022 Transported bed\r\n\u2022 Vacuum moving bed\r\n\u2022 Essential: very high heating and heat transfer rates; moderate and carefully controlled temperature; and rapid cooling\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nRAC \/ HVAC - Articles , Notes , Que and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"Introduction to Pyrolysis | Advantages,Classification, Modes Of Pyrolysis","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-06-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/Differentmodesofpyrolysis-300x44.jpg","height":44,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/computer-aided-inspection-cim-notes/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CoordinateMeasuringMachine28CMM29-252x300.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/computer-aided-inspection-cim-notes/">Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes  Introduction  Inspection or testing is an act of checking materials, parts, components or products at various stages of manufacturing detecting poor...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/computer-aided-inspection-cim-notes/" aria-label="View Post: Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/computer-aided-inspection-cim-notes\/","articleBody":"Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes\r\n\r\n\r\nIntroduction\r\n\r\nInspection or testing is an act of checking materials, parts, components or products at various stages of manufacturing detecting poor quality manufactured products for taking corrective action. Inspection is performed before, during and after manufacturing to ensure that the quality of the product is consistent with the accepted design standard. The design standards are defined by the product designer, and for mechanical components they relate to factors such as dimension, surface finish and appearance. The objective of any inspection process is either to take actual measurements of the values of the specified product characteristics or to check whether specific characteristics meet design standards.\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhen inspection and testing is carried out manually, the sample size is often small compared to size of the population. In high production runs, this size may be very small which may result in slipping of defective parts. In principle, the only way to achieve 100% good quality is to use 100% inspection using which only good quality parts will pass through the inspection procedure. But when this is done manually, the problem of expenses involved and error associated with the procedure is of major concern. Automation of inspection offers an opportunity to overcome these problems. Automated inspection procedures are carried out by sensors that are controlled by computers.\r\n\r\nComputer Aided Inspection\r\nComputer Aided Inspection (CAI) is a new technology that enables one to develop a comparison of a physical part to a 3D CAD model. This process is faster, more complete, and more accurate than using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) or other more traditional methods. An automatic inspection method and apparatus using structured light and machine vision camera is used to inspect an object in conjunction with the geometric model of the object. Camera images of the object are analyzed by computer to produce the location of points on the object's surfaces in three dimensions. Point-cloud data is taken from a laser scanner or other 3-D scanning device. During a setup phase before object inspection, the points are analyzed with respect to the geometric model of the object. The software provides a graphical comparison of the manufactured part compared to the CAD model. Many points are eliminated to reduce data-taking and analysis time to a minimum and prevent extraneous reflections from producing errors. When similar objects are subsequently inspected, points from each surface of interest are spatially averaged to give high accuracy measurements of object dimensions. The inspection device uses several multiplexed sensors, each composed of a camera and a structured light source, to measure all sides of the object in a single pass.\r\n\r\nComputers are used in many ways in inspection planning and execution also.\r\nComputer controlled inspection equipment\r\nCoordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a 3-dimensional measuring device that uses a contact probe to detect the surface of the object. The probe is generally a highly sensitive pressure sensing device that is triggered by any contact with a surface. The linear distances moved along the 3 axes are recorded, thus providing the x, y and z coordinates of the point. CMMs are classified as either vertical or horizontal, according to the orientation of the probe with respect to the measuring table.\r\n\r\nFig.Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)\r\n\r\nComputer aided inspection setup planning\r\nComputer-Aided Inspection Planning (CAIP) is the integration bridge between CAD\/CAM and Computer Aided Inspection (CAI). A CAIP system for On-Machine Measurement (OMM) is proposed to inspect the complicated mechanical parts efficiently during machining or after machining. The inspection planning consists of Global Inspection Planning (GIP) and Local Inspection Planning (LIP). In the GIP, the system creates the optimal inspection sequence of features in a given part by analyzing the various feature information. Feature groups are formed for effective planning, and special feature groups are determined for sequencing. The integrated process and inspection plan is generated based on the series of heuristic rules developed. The integrated inspection planning is able to determine optimum manufacturing sequence for inspection and machining processes. Finally, the results are simulated and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed CAIP.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nComputer integrated manufacturing Notes , Articles , Interview Que and Ans\r\nQuality Control- Articles , notes , Interview Q and A\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Computer Aided Inspection | CIM Notes","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-06-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/CoordinateMeasuringMachine28CMM29-252x300.gif","height":300,"width":252},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-auto-feed-drilling-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/pneumaticautofeeddrillingmachine-300x167.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE | MECHANICAL PROJECT</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-auto-feed-drilling-machine/">PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE | MECHANICAL PROJECT</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE
SYNOPSIS  In small-scale industries and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening in screws, drilling, boring,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-auto-feed-drilling-machine/" aria-label="View Post: PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE | MECHANICAL PROJECT">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE | MECHANICAL PROJECT","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-auto-feed-drilling-machine\/","articleBody":"PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\nIn small-scale industries and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening in screws, drilling, boring, grinding machine. \u00a0Huge and complicated designed parts cannot be machined in ordinary machine. \u00a0Further for every operation separate machine is required. \u00a0The increases the initial cost required, large area requirements and large number of machine are required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn a single machine all the above specified operation can be carried out, i.e., after drilling, the drill head is removed from the barrel key and the required tools like grinding wheels, boring tool etc., can be attached, and the operation can be performed. By the application of pneumatics, the pneumatic cylinder with piston which is operated by an air compressor will give the successive action to operate this machine. \u00a0By this we can achieve our industrial requirements.\r\nSee another Mechanism for this project: Fabrication Of Pneumatic Multi-Purpose Machine- Mechanical Project\r\n\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe main objective of our project is to perform various machining operations using \u201cAuto feed mechanism\u201d in drilling machine with the help of pneumatic sources. For a developing industry the operation performed and the parts (or) components produced should have it minimum possible production cost, then only industry runs profitability. In small-scale industry and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening of screws, drilling, boring, grinding. \u00a0Further for every operation separate machine is required. This increases the initial cost required, large area requirements and large number of machines is required. \u00a0In our project the above complicated are rectified.\r\n\r\nSELECTION OF PNEUMATICS\r\n\r\nMechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by mechanical power. Pneumatic is an attractive medium for low cost mechanization particularly for sequential (or) repetitive operations.\u00a0\r\n\r\nMany factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which is capable of providing the power (or) energy requirements and the control system (although equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously applied to other forms of power).\r\n\r\nThe main advantage of an all pneumatic system are usually economic and simplicity the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It can also have out standing advantages in terms of safety. \u00a0\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\nThe compressed air from the compressor is used as the force medium for this operation. There are two pneumatic cylinder used. One is used for auto feeding mechanism and another one cylinder for workpiece clamping. The pneumatic double acting cylinder is used for feeding mechanism .The air from the compressor enters to the four way junction. From four way junctions one way of air enters to the barrel unit. In side the barrel having vane arrangement is welled. The other way of air enters to the 5\/2 solenoid valve. The function of solenoid valves all of air correct time interval. From solenoid valve air enters to the pneumatic double acting cylinder through flow control valve.\r\n\r\nFrom 4-way junction, the air also enters to the Single acting solenoid valve. This valve is used to automatic workpiece clamping Operation. The air is from single acting solenoid valve to single acting pneumatic cylinder.\r\n\r\n\u00a0The solenoid valve (5\/2 and single acting) ON condition, the drilling head is automatically downwards and drilling operation occurs. At the same time the work piece is clamped by single acting pneumatic cylinder. After some time, the solenoid valve is OFF; the drilling head and workpiece is automatically released.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFIG.\u00a0PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMERITS\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIt reduces the manual work.\r\n \tQuick operation\r\n \tAccuracy is more\r\n \tLow cost machine\r\n \tIts used multipurpose device like Grinding, screw driving.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nDEMERITS\r\n\r\n\r\n \tNoise produced\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\n\r\n \tUsed automobile workshops like carburetor holes\r\n \tUsed small scale industries\r\n \tIn welding shop for grinding\r\n \tFor performing the operations in huge part which cannot be done in ordinary machines. \u00a0Since it\u2019s portable.\r\n \tIn such places where frequent change in operation are required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nAutomobile Trends , News articles , Notes\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"PNEUMATIC AUTO FEED DRILLING MACHINE | MECHANICAL PROJECT","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-06-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/pneumaticautofeeddrillingmachine-300x167.jpg","height":167,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-vertical-axis-wind/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ASSEMBLYOFWINGTURBINE-226x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE pdf Report | MECHANICAL PROJECT</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-vertical-axis-wind/">FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE pdf Report | MECHANICAL PROJECT</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE full pdf report  | MECHANICAL PROJECT  INTRODUCTION  If the efficiency of a wind turbine is increased, then more power can be generated thus decreasing...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-vertical-axis-wind/" aria-label="View Post: FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE pdf Report | MECHANICAL PROJECT">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE pdf Report | MECHANICAL PROJECT","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/fabrication-of-vertical-axis-wind\/","articleBody":"FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE full pdf report \u00a0| MECHANICAL PROJECT\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nIf the efficiency of a wind turbine is increased, then more power can be generated thus decreasing the need for expensive power generators that cause pollution. This would also reduce the cost of power for the common people. The wind is literally there for the taking and doesn't cost any money. Power can be generated and stored by a wind turbine with little or no pollution. If the efficiency of the common wind turbine is improved and widespread, the common people can cut back on their power costs immensely.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nWe know that for windmills to operate there must be wind, but how do they work? Actually there are two types of windmills -- the horizontal axis windmills and the vertical axis windmills. The horizontal axis windmills have a horizontal rotor much like the classic Dutch four-arm windmill. The horizontal axis windmills primarily rely on lift from the wind. As stated in Bernoulli's Principle, \"a fluid will travel from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.\" It also states, \"as the velocity of a fluid increases, its density decreases.\" Based upon this principle, horizontal axis windmill blades have been designed much like the wings of an airplane, with a curved top. This design increases the velocity of the air on top of the blade thus decreasing its density and causing the air on the bottom of the blade to go towards the top ... creating lift. The blades are angled on the axis as to utilize the lift in the rotation. The blades on modern wind turbines are designed for maximum lift and minimal drag.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Assembly Of Wind mill\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCOMPONENTS USED\r\n\r\n1. CHANNELS\r\n2. ANGLES\r\n3. BLADES\r\n4. SHAFT\r\n5. BEARINGS\r\n6. PULLEY\r\n7. BELT\r\n\r\n\r\nVARIABLES\u00a0FOR VERTICAL AXIS WIND MILL\r\n\u2022 Wind Speed\u00a0\r\nThis is very important to the productivity of a windmill. The wind turbine only generates power with the wind. The wind rotates the axis (horizontal or vertical) and causes the shaft on the generator to sweep past the magnetic coils creating an electric current.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u2022 Blade Length\r\nThis is important because the length of the blade is directly proportional to the swept area. Larger blades have a greater swept area and thus catch more wind with each revolution. Because of this, they may also have more torque.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u2022 Base \u00a0Height\u00a0\r\nThe height of the base affects the windmill immensely. The higher a windmill is, the more productive it will be due to the fact that as the altitude increases so does the wind speed.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u2022 Base Design\u00a0\r\nSome base is stronger than others. Base is important in the construction of the windmill because not only do they have to support the windmill, but they must also be subject to their own weight and the drag of the wind. If a weak tower is subject to these elements, then it will surely collapse. Therefore, the base must be identical so as to insure a fair comparison.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u2022 Tip Speed Ratio\u00a0\r\nThe tip speed ratio is very important. The tip speed ratio is directly proportional to the windmill's productivity. It is how many times the blades rotate greater than the wind speed.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFig. Block Diagram Of Wind Mill Power Generation\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGE OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE OVER HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE\r\n\r\n\r\nThere are several reasons why I would choose a vertical axis wind turbine over a horizontal axis windmill .\r\n\u2022 First, they are mounted lower to the ground making it easy for maintenance if needed.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Second, they start creating electricity at speeds of only 6 mph. And\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Third, they may be able to be built at locations where taller structures, such as the horizontal type, can't be.\r\n\u2022 Higher power utilization-- 20% higher than HAWT.\r\n\u2022 Lower noise level--only 27-37 DB, suitable for your living condition.\r\n\u2022 Safer operation--Spin at slower speeds than horizontal turbines, decreasing the risk of injuring birds and also decreasing noise level.\r\n\u2022 Simpler installation and maintenance-- besides the traditional installation site, it can be mounted directly on a rooftop, doing away with the tower and associated guy lines.\r\n\u2022 Not affected by orientation variation\u2014no matter the wind blow from any orientation, VAWT can work without regard to its face.\r\n\u2022 Economical and practical-Although one-time investment expenses is larger, but you don\u2019t have to pay higher tariffs forever.\r\nAdvantages\u00a0\r\n\u2022 It is a renewable source of energy.\r\n\u2022 Wind power system are non-polluting so it has no adverse influence on the environment.\r\n\u2022 Wind energy system avoid fuel provision and transport.\r\n\u2022 On a small scale up to a few kilowatt system is less costly.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 On a large scale costs can be competitive conventional electricity and lower costs could be achieved by mass production.\u00a0\r\n\u2022 They are always facing the wind - no need for steering into the wind.\r\n\u2022 Have greater surface area for energy capture -can be many times greater.\r\n\u2022 Are more efficient in gusty winds \u2013 already facing the gust.\r\n\u2022 Can be installed in more locations - on roofs, along highways, in parking lots.\r\n\u2022 Can be scaled more easily - from milliwatts to megawatts.\r\n\u2022 Can have low maintenance downtime - mechanisms at or near ground level.\r\n\u2022 Produce less noise - low speed means less noise\r\n\u2022 The rotor can take wind from every direction.\r\n\r\nDownload\r\nFABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE pdf Report | MECHANICAL PROJECT\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\n\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"FABRICATION OF VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE pdf Report | MECHANICAL PROJECT","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-06-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/ASSEMBLYOFWINGTURBINE-226x300.jpg","height":300,"width":226},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-ar/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/DesignAndFabricationOfHydraulicArmFullreportpdfmechanicalProject-300x220.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-ar/">Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project
INTRODUCTION TO FLUID POWER
Fluid  power  is  a  term  which  was  created  to include  the  generation,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-ar/" aria-label="View Post: Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-hydraulic-ar\/","articleBody":"Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project\r\nINTRODUCTION TO FLUID POWER\r\nFluid \u00a0power \u00a0is \u00a0a \u00a0term \u00a0which \u00a0was \u00a0created \u00a0to include \u00a0the \u00a0generation, \u00a0control, \u00a0and \u00a0application of \u00a0smooth, \u00a0effective \u00a0power \u00a0of \u00a0pumped \u00a0or compressed fluids (either liquids or gases) when this \u00a0power \u00a0is \u00a0used \u00a0to \u00a0provide \u00a0force \u00a0and \u00a0motion to mechanisms. This force and motion maybe in the form of pushing, pulling, rotating, regulating, or driving. \u00a0Fluid power includes \u00a0hydraulics, \u00a0which involves liquids, and pneumatics, which involves gases. \u00a0Liquids and gases are similar in \u00a0many respects. \u00a0The \u00a0differences \u00a0are \u00a0pointed \u00a0out \u00a0in \u00a0the appropriate \u00a0areas \u00a0of \u00a0this \u00a0manual. This \u00a0manual \u00a0presents \u00a0many \u00a0of \u00a0the \u00a0fundamental \u00a0concepts \u00a0in \u00a0the \u00a0fields \u00a0of \u00a0hydraulics \u00a0and pneumatics. \u00a0It \u00a0is \u00a0intended \u00a0as \u00a0a \u00a0basic \u00a0reference \u00a0for all \u00a0 personnel \u00a0 of \u00a0 the \u00a0 Navy \u00a0 whose \u00a0 duties \u00a0 and responsibilities \u00a0require \u00a0them \u00a0to \u00a0have \u00a0a \u00a0knowledge of \u00a0the \u00a0fundamentals \u00a0of \u00a0fluid \u00a0power.\r\n\r\nConsequently, emphasis is placed primarily \u00a0on \u00a0the theory of operation of typical fluid power systems and components that have applications in naval equipment. Many applications of fluid power are presented in this manual to illustrate the functions and \u00a0 operation \u00a0 of \u00a0 different \u00a0 systems \u00a0 and \u00a0 components. However, these are only representative of the many applications of fluid power in naval equipment. Individual training manuals for each rate provide information concerning the application \u00a0 of \u00a0 fluid \u00a0 power \u00a0 to \u00a0 specific \u00a0 equipment \u00a0 for which \u00a0the \u00a0rating \u00a0is \u00a0responsible.\r\n\r\nFig. Detailed Drawing of hydraulic arm project\r\n\r\nMaterials used for Hydraulic Arm\r\nInnovation components allow for greater alternative and innovative designs. They are not required, but are suggested to bring more engineering and innovation to the activity. Only a few innovation components are usually needed to create alternative designs, so your supply of innovation components can be used for many hydraulic arms and other activities. Here are the components that are used in this project:\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Hydraulic cylinders (Syringe with clips and mounts)\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Hydraulic Lines (Vinyl Tubing)\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Perpendicular wooden blocks and Dowels\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Chip board\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Screws\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a010 square nuts\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a010 washers\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Connector strips\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Galvanised coloured wire\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Rubber band\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A nything else things like the recycling bin, wood, metal, plastic, broken toys, etc.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nCONCLUSION:\r\n\r\n\r\nOur design uses extremely simple ideas and mechanisms to achieve a complex set of actions and is intended to imitate the actions of the operators. However, these hydraulic arms are expensive for small scale industries. If the major problem of high initial cost is addressed, a robotic hydraulic arm can be introduced in any industry to bring in automation. The mechanical links and parts that have been fabricated are extremely simple.\r\n\r\n\u00a0That Hydraulic Arm will-\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Reach the greatest distance to deliver a given object.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Pick up the heaviest possible object.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Deliver the most objects in a given amount of time.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Function in an assembly line.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Have a system to weigh the object it picks up.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Battle against another arm for an object.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Rotate as well as reach and grab.\r\n \t\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Dig and recover objects.\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Download\r\nTo get all details of hydraulic arm project like design ,part selection, calculation Download Following report\u00a0\r\nDesign And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nHydraulic Jack Projects\r\nHydraulic and Pneumatic Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf | mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-06-02","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/DesignAndFabricationOfHydraulicArmFullreportpdfmechanicalProject-300x220.jpg","height":220,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=319">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=318"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>318</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=319"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>319</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>320</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=321"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>321</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=322"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>322</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=321">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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