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class="excerpt"><p>What is HVAC -Basic Of Heating ,ventilation and Air Conditioning
HVAC Meaning :
HVAC stands for Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning , is commonly associated with heating and cooling industry....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hvac-basic-heating-ventilation-air-conditioning/" aria-label="View Post: What is HVAC -Basic Of Heating ,ventilation and Air Conditioning">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is HVAC -Basic Of Heating ,ventilation and Air Conditioning","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hvac-basic-heating-ventilation-air-conditioning\/","articleBody":"What is HVAC -Basic Of Heating ,ventilation and Air Conditioning\r\nHVAC Meaning\u00a0:\r\nHVAC stands for Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning , is commonly associated with heating and cooling industry. is a system or machine that performs three major functions by its three separate ducts i.e heating, cooling and ventilation of air, generally used in residential commercial or Industrial buildings.\r\n\r\nHVAC - Heating, Ventilation, and Air Condition!\r\n\r\nThis is an area of mechanical engineering that is concerned with the design of these systems in building architecture.\r\n\r\n \tHeating refers to the process of effective placement of heaters in the building to minimize energy costs but also create comfortable living environment\r\n \tAir Conditioning refers to the process where air condition units are placed at strategic points in the building (either in the form of centralized or individual) such that the energy costs can be minimized. Alongside, it is also important that the heat in the building removed most effectively, fastest and create uniform temperature conditions.\r\n \tVentilation refers to the process where the stale air is removed. This is in concern with Kitchens etc.\r\n\r\nHVAC combines energy calculations along with fluid flow (in the building) through Energy simulations and CFD and utilizes them in understanding building physics.\r\n\r\nHeating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, onboard vessels, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.\r\nBasic Of\u00a0 HVAC in details :\r\n\r\n \t\r\nHeating :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tHeaters are appliances whose purpose is to generate heat (i.e. warmth) for the building. This can be done via central heating. Such a system contains a boiler, furnace, or heat pump to heat water, steam, or air in a central location such as a furnace room in a home, or a mechanical room in a large building. The heat can be transferred by convection, conduction, or radiation.\r\n\r\nhvac diagram- basic of hvac\r\n\r\n \tIn the case of heated water or steam, piping is used to transport the heat to the rooms. Most modern hot water boiler heating systems have a circulator, which is a pump, to move hot water through the distribution system (as opposed to older gravity-fed systems). The heat can be transferred to the surrounding air using radiators, hot water coils (hydro-air), or other heat exchangers. The radiators may be mounted on walls or installed within the floor to produce floor heat.\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0Ventilation\r\n\r\n \tVentilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control temperature or remove any combination of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air with the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical\/forced and natural types\r\n \tMechanical, or forced, ventilation is provided by an air handler (AHU) and used to control indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odors, and contaminants can often be controlled via dilution or replacement with outside air. However, in humid climates more energy is required to remove excess moisture from ventilation air.\r\n\r\nventilation -Basic of HVAC\r\n\r\n \tKitchens and bathrooms typically have mechanical exhausts to control odors and sometimes humidity. Factors in the design of such systems include the flow rate (which is a function of the fan speed and exhaust vent size) and noise level. Direct drive fans are available for many applications, and can reduce maintenance needs.\r\n \tCeiling fans and table\/floor fans circulate air within a room for the purpose of reducing the perceived temperature by increasing evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants. Because hot air rises, ceiling fans may be used to keep a room warmer in the winter by circulating the warm stratified air from the ceiling to the floor.\r\n \tNatural ventilation is the ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans or other mechanical systems. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or trickle vents when spaces are small and the architecture permits\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0Air conditioning\r\nAn air conditioning system, or a standalone air conditioner, provides cooling and humidity control for all or part of a building. Air conditioned buildings often have sealed windows, because open windows would work against the system intended to maintain constant indoor air conditions. Outside, fresh air is generally drawn into the system by a vent into the indoor heat exchanger section, creating positive air pressure.\r\n\r\nAir-Conditioning-basic-of-hvac\r\n\r\nAir conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal of heat. Heat can be removed through radiation, convection, or conduction. Refrigeration conduction media such as water, air, ice, and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants. A refrigerant is employed either in a heat pump system in which a compressor is used to drive thermodynamic refrigeration cycle, or in a free cooling system which uses pumps to circulate a cool refrigerant (typically water or a glycol mix).","headline":"What is HVAC -Basic Of Heating ,ventilation and Air Conditioning","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-04-19","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/ventilation-Basic-of-HVAC-300x300.jpg","height":300,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gear-pump-working-types-internal-external-gear-pumps/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/diagram-of-gear-pump-300x254.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Gear Pump &#8211; Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gear-pump-working-types-internal-external-gear-pumps/">Types Of Gear Pump &#8211; Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Gear Pump - Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump
Gear Pumps
Gear pump is a robust and simple positive displacement pump. It has two meshed gears revolving about their respective axes....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gear-pump-working-types-internal-external-gear-pumps/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Gear Pump &#8211; Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Gear Pump &#8211; Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/gear-pump-working-types-internal-external-gear-pumps\/","articleBody":"Types Of Gear Pump - Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump\r\nGear Pumps\r\nGear pump is a robust and simple positive displacement pump. It has two meshed gears revolving about their respective axes. These gears are the only moving parts in the pump. They are compact, relatively inexpensive and have few moving parts. The rigid design of the gears and houses allow for very high pressures and the ability to pump highly viscous fluids. They are suitable for a wide range of fluids and offer self-priming performance. Sometimes gear pumps are designed to function as either a motor or a pump. These pump includes helical and herringbone gear sets (instead of spur gears), lobe shaped rotors similar to Roots blowers (commonly used as superchargers), and mechanical designs that allow the stacking of pumps. \r\nTypes Of Gear Pumps\r\nBased upon the design, the gear pumps are classified as:\r\n\u2022 External gear pumps\r\n\u2022 Lobe pumps\r\n\u2022 Internal gear pumps\r\n\u2022 Gerotor pumps\r\n\r\nSee More:\u00a0Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic ; Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System\r\n\r\nGenerally gear pumps are used to pump:\r\n\u2022 Petrochemicals: Pure or filled bitumen, pitch, diesel oil, crude oil, lube oil etc.\r\n\u2022 Chemicals: Sodium silicate, acids, plastics, mixed chemicals, isocyanates etc.\r\n\u2022 Paint and ink\r\n\u2022 Resins and adhesives\r\n\u2022 Pulp and paper: acid, soap, lye, black liquor, kaolin, lime, latex, sludge etc.\r\n\u2022 Food: Chocolate, cacao butter, fillers, sugar, vegetable fats and oils, molasses, animal food etc.\r\n\r\nExternal gear pump\r\nThe external gear pump consists of externally meshed two gears housed in a pump case as shown in figure . One of the gears is coupled with a prime mover and is called as driving gear and another is called as driven gear. The rotating gear carries the fluid from the tank to the outlet pipe. The suction side is towards the portion whereas the gear teeth come out of the mesh.\r\nHow Gear pump Works ?\u00a0\r\nWhen the gears rotate, volume of the chamber expands leading to pressure drop below atmospheric value. Therefore the vacuum is created and the fluid is pushed into the void due to atmospheric pressure. The fluid is trapped between housing and rotating teeth of the gears. The discharge side of pump is towards the portion where the gear teeth run into the mesh and the volume decreases between meshing teeth. The pump has a positive internal seal against leakage; therefore, the fluid is forced into the outlet port. The gear pumps are often equipped with the side wear plate to avoid the leakage. The clearance between gear teeth and housing and between side plate and gear face is very important and plays an important role in preventing leakage. In general, the gap distance is less than 10 micrometers. The amount of fluid discharge is determined by the number of gear teeth, the volume of fluid between each pair of teeth and the speed of rotation.\r\n\r\ndiagram of gear pump\r\n\r\n The important drawback of external gear pump is the unbalanced side load on its bearings. It is caused due to high pressure at the outlet and low pressure at the inlet which results in slower speeds and lower pressure ratings in addition to reducing the bearing life. \r\n\r\nGear pumps are most commonly used for the hydraulic fluid power applications and are widely used in chemical installations to pump fluid with a certain viscosity.\r\nLobe Pumps\r\nLobe pumps work on the similar principle of working as that of external gear pumps. However in Lobe pumps, the lobes do not make any contact like external gear pump (see Figure ). Lobe contact is prevented by external timing gears located in the gearbox. Similar to the external gear pump, the lobes rotate to create expanding volume at the inlet. Now, the fluid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the lobes. Fluid travels around the interior of casing in the pockets between the lobes and the casing. Finally, the meshing of the lobes forces liquid to pass through the outlet port. The bearings are placed out of the pumped liquid. Therefore the pressure is limited by the bearing location and shaft deflection.\r\n\r\ndiagram of lobe pump -types of gear pump\r\n\r\nBecause of superb sanitary qualities, high efficiency, reliability, corrosion resistance and good clean-in-place and steam-in-place (CIP\/SIP) characteristics, Lobe pumps are widely used in industries such as pulp and paper, chemical, food, beverage, pharmaceutical and biotechnology etc. These pumps can handle solids (e.g., cherries and olives), slurries, pastes, and a variety of liquids. A gentle pumping action minimizes product degradation. They also offer continuous and intermittent reversible flows. Flow is relatively independent of changes in process pressure and therefore, the output is constant and continuous.\r\n\r\nLobe pumps are frequently used in food applications because they handle solids without damaging the product. Large sized particles can be pumped much effectively than in other positive displacement types. As the lobes do not make any direct contact therefore, the clearance is not as close as in other Positive displacement pumps. This specific design of pump makes it suitable to handle low viscosity fluids with diminished performance.\r\n\r\nLoading characteristics are not as good as other designs, and suction ability is low. High-viscosity liquids require reduced speeds to achieve satisfactory performance. The reduction in speed can be 25% or more in case of high viscosity fluid.\r\nInternal Gear Pump :\u00a0\r\nInternal gear pumps are exceptionally versatile. They are often used for low or medium viscosity fluids such as solvents and fuel oil and wide range of temperature. This is non-pulsing, self-priming and can run dry for short periods. It is a variation of the basic gear pump.\r\n\r\nIt comprises of an internal gear, a regular spur gear, a crescent-shaped seal and an external housing. The schematic of internal gear pump is shown in figure .Liquid enters the suction port between the rotor (large exterior gear) and idler (small interior gear) teeth. Liquid travels through the pump between the teeth and crescent. Crescent divides the liquid and acts as a seal between the suction and discharge ports. When the teeth mesh on the side opposite to the crescent seal, the fluid is forced out through the discharge port of the pump. This clearance between gears can be adjusted to accommodate high temperature, to handle high viscosity fluids and to accommodate the wear. These pumps are bi-rotational so that they can be used to load and unload the vessels. As these pumps have only two moving parts and one stuffing box, therefore they are reliable, simple to operate and easy to maintain. However, these pumps are not suitable for high speed and high pressure applications. Only one bearing is used in the pump therefore overhung load on shaft bearing reduces the life of the bearing.\r\n\r\ninternal gear pump -types of gear pump\r\n\r\nApplications\r\nSome common internal gear pump applications are:\r\n\u2022 All varieties of fuel oil and lube oil\r\n\u2022 Resins and Polymers\r\n\u2022 Alcohols and solvents\r\n\u2022 Asphalt, Bitumen, and Tar\r\n\u2022 Polyurethane foam (Isocyanate and polyol)\r\n\u2022 Food products such as corn syrup, chocolate, and peanut butter\r\n\u2022 Paint, inks, and pigments\r\n\u2022 Soaps and surfactants\r\n\u2022 Glycol\r\n\r\nSee More:\u00a0What is Submersible Pump and How it Works?\r\nGerotor Pump :\u00a0\r\nGerotor is a positive displacement pump. The name Gerotor is derived from \"Generated Rotor\". At the most basic level, a Gerotor is essentially one that is moved via fluid power. Originally this fluid was water, today the wider use is in hydraulic devices. The schematic of Gerotor pump is shown in figure 5.2.5. Gerotor pump is an internal gear pump without the crescent. It consists of two rotors viz. inner and outer rotor. The inner rotor has N teeth, and the outer rotor has N+1 teeth. The inner rotor is located off-center and both rotors rotate. The geometry of the two rotors partitions the volume between them into N different dynamically-changing volumes. During the rotation, volume of each partition changes continuously. Therefore, any given volume first increases, and then decreases. An increase in volume creates vacuum. This vacuum creates suction, and thus, this part of the cycle sucks the fluid. As the volume decreases, compression occurs. During this compression period, fluids can be pumped, or compressed (if they are gaseous fluids).\r\n\r\nDigram of gerotor pump- types of gear pump\r\n\r\nThe close tolerance between the gears acts as a seal between the suction and discharge ports. Rotor and idler teeth mesh completely to form a seal equidistant from the discharge and suction ports. This seal forces the liquid out of the discharge port. The flow output is uniform and constant at the outlets.\r\nThe important advantages of the pumps are high speed operation, constant discharge in all pressure conditions, bidirectional operation, less sound in running condition and less maintenance due to only two moving parts and one stuffing box etc. However, the pump is having some limitations such as medium pressure operating range, clearance is fixed, solids can\u2019t be pumped and overhung load on the shaft bearing etc.\r\n\r\nApplications\r\nGerotors are widely used in industries and are produced in variety of shapes and sizes by a number of different methods. These pumps are primarily suitable for low pressure applications such as lubrication systems or hot oil filtration systems, but can also be found in low to moderate pressure hydraulic applications. However common applications are as follows:\r\n\u2022 Light fuel oils\r\n\u2022 Lube oil\r\n\u2022 Cooking oils\r\n\u2022 Hydraulic fluid","headline":"Types Of Gear Pump &#8211; Internal, External ,Gerotor , Lobe Pump","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-04-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/diagram-of-gear-pump-300x254.jpg","height":254,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-vs-pneumatic-difference-pneumatic-hydraulic-fluid-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/hydraulic-vs-pneumatic-system-300x87.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic &#8211; Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-vs-pneumatic-difference-pneumatic-hydraulic-fluid-system/">Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic &#8211; Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic - Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System
Introduction To Hydraulic and Pneumatic :
What is Hydraulic and Pneumatic  system ?   Fluid power is the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-vs-pneumatic-difference-pneumatic-hydraulic-fluid-system/" aria-label="View Post: Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic &#8211; Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic &#8211; Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hydraulic-vs-pneumatic-difference-pneumatic-hydraulic-fluid-system\/","articleBody":"Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic - Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System\r\nIntroduction To Hydraulic and Pneumatic :\r\nWhat is Hydraulic and Pneumatic\u00a0 system ?\u00a0\r\n\r\nFluid power is the technology that deals with the generation, control and transmission of forces and movement of mechanical element or system with the use of pressurized fluids in a confined system. Both liquids and gases are considered fluids. Fluid power system includes a hydraulic system (hydra meaning water in Greek) and a pneumatic system (pneuma meaning air in Greek). Oil hydraulic employs pressurized liquid petroleum oils and synthetic oils, and pneumatic employs compressed air that is released to the atmosphere after performing the work.\r\n\r\n hydraulic vs pneumatic system\r\n\r\nPerhaps it would be in order that we clarify our thinking on one point. By the term \u201cfluid\u201d we refer to air or oil, for it has been shown that water has certain drawbacks in the transmission of hydraulic power in machine operation and control. Commercially, pure water contains various chemicals (some deliberately included) and also foreign matter, and unless special precautions are taken when it is used, it is nearly impossible to maintain valves and working surfaces in satisfactory condition. In the cases where the hydraulic system is closed (i.e., the one with a self-contained unit that serves one machine or one small group of machines), oil is commonly used, thus providing, in addition to power transmission, benefits of lubrication not afforded by water as well as increased life and efficiency of packings and valves. It should be mentioned that in some special cases, soluble oil diluted with water is used for safety reasons. The application of fluid power is limited only by the ingenuity of the designer, production engineer or plant engineer. If the application pertains to lifting, pushing, pulling, clamping, tilting, forcing, pressing or any other straight line (and many rotary) motions, it is possible that fluid power will meet the requirement.\r\nComparison between Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems\r\nUsually hydraulic and pneumatic systems and equipment do not compete. They are so dissimilar that there are few problems in selecting any of them that cannot be readily resolved. Certainly, availability is one of the important factors of selection but this may be outweighed by other factors. In numerous instances, for example, air is preferred to meet certain unalterable conditions, that is, in\u201chot spots\u201d where there is an open furnace or other potential ignition hazard or in operations where motion is required at extremely high speeds. It is often found more efficient to use a combined circuit in which oil is used in one part and air in another on the same machine or process. Table shows a brief comparison of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.\r\nHydraulic Vs Pneumatic -Comparison between Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems\r\n\n\n\n\n\tHydraulic SystemPneumatic  System\n\n\n\n\n\tIt employs a pressurized liquid\nas a fluidIt employs a compressed gas, usually\nair, as a fluid\n\n\n\tAn oil hydraulic system operates at\npressures up to 700 barA pneumatic system usually operates\nat 5\u201310 bar\n\n\n\tGenerally designed as closed systemUsually designed as open system\n\n\n\tThe system slows down when leakage\noccursLeakage does not affect the system\nmuch\n\n\n\tValve operations are difficultValve operations are easy\n\n\n\tHeavier in weightLighter in weight\n\n\n\tPumps are used to provide\npressurized liquidsCompressors are used to provide\ncompressed gases\n\n\n\tThe system is unsafe to fire hazardsThe system is free from fire hazards\n\n\n\tAutomatic lubrication is providedSpecial arrangements for lubrication\nare needed\n\n\n\tFollow here For More Info: \nIntroduction to Hydraulic Circuit (System) and Application\/AdvantagesFollow here For More Info: \nIntroduction To Pneumatic System And Components Used in Pneumatic system","headline":"Hydraulic Vs Pneumatic &#8211; Difference Between Pneumatic and Hydraulic Fluid System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-04-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/hydraulic-vs-pneumatic-system-300x87.jpg","height":87,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/refrigerators-compressors-types-of-compressor-used-in-hvac/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/hermetic-compressors-250x250.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Refrigerators Compressors &#8211; Types Of Compressor used in HVAC</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/refrigerators-compressors-types-of-compressor-used-in-hvac/">Refrigerators Compressors &#8211; Types Of Compressor used in HVAC</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Refrigerators Compressors - Types Of Compressor used in HVAC
Introduction To Refrigerator Compressors :
A typical refrigeration system consists of several basic components such as compressors,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/refrigerators-compressors-types-of-compressor-used-in-hvac/" aria-label="View Post: Refrigerators Compressors &#8211; Types Of Compressor used in HVAC">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Refrigerators Compressors &#8211; Types Of Compressor used in HVAC","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/refrigerators-compressors-types-of-compressor-used-in-hvac\/","articleBody":"Refrigerators Compressors - Types Of Compressor used in HVAC\r\nIntroduction To Refrigerator Compressors :\r\nA typical refrigeration system consists of several basic components such as compressors, condensers, expansion devices, evaporators, in addition to several accessories such as controls, filters, driers, oil separators etc. For efficient operation of the refrigeration system, it is essential that there be a proper matching between various components. Before analyzing the balanced performance of the complete system, it is essential to study the design and performance characteristics of individual components. Except in special applications, the refrigeration system components are standard components manufactured by industries specializing in individual components. Generally for large systems, depending upon the design specifications, components are selected from the manufacturers\u2019 catalogs and are assembled at site. Even though most of the components are standard off-the-shelf items, sometimes components such as evaporator may be made to order. Small capacity refrigeration systems such as refrigerators, room and package air conditioners,\u00a0water coolers are available as complete systems. In this case the manufacturer himself designs or selects the system components, assembles them at the factory, tests them for performance and then sells the complete system as a unit.\r\n\r\nRefrigerator Compressors :\u00a0\r\nA compressor is the most important and often the costliest component (typically 30 to 40 percent of total cost) of any vapour compression refrigeration system (VCRS). The function of a compressor in a VCRS is to continuously draw the refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, so that a low pressure and low temperature can be maintained in the evaporator at which the refrigerant can boil extracting heat from the refrigerated space. The compressor then has to raise the pressure of the refrigerant to a level at which it can condense by rejecting heat to the cooling medium in the condenser.\r\nTypes Of Compressors used in Refrigerator and HVAC\r\nClassification of compressors\r\n\r\nCompressors used in refrigeration systems can be classified in several ways:\r\n\r\na) Based on the working principle:\r\n\r\ni. Positive displacement type\r\nii. Roto-dynamic type\r\n\r\nIn positive displacement type compressors, compression is achieved by trapping a refrigerant vapour into an enclosed space and then reducing its volume. Since a fixed amount of refrigerant is trapped each time, its pressure rises as its volume is reduced. When the pressure rises to a level that is slightly higher than the condensing pressure, then it is expelled from the enclosed space and a fresh charge of low-pressure refrigerant is drawn in and the cycle continues. Since the flow of refrigerant to the compressor is not steady, the positive displacement type compressor is a pulsating flow device. However, since the operating speeds are normally very high the flow appears to be almost steady on macroscopic time scale. Since the flow is pulsating on a microscopic time scale, positive displacement type compressors are prone to high wear, vibration and noise level. \r\n\r\nDepending upon the construction, positive displacement type compressors used in refrigeration and air conditioning can be classified into:\r\ni. Reciprocating type\r\nii. Rotary type with sliding vanes (rolling piston type or multiple vane type)\r\niii. Rotary screw type (single screw or twin-screw type)\r\niv. Orbital compressors, and\r\nv. Acoustic compressors\r\n\r\nIn roto-dynamic compressors, the pressure rise of refrigerant is achieved by imparting kinetic energy to a steadily flowing stream of refrigerant by a rotating mechanical element and then converting into pressure as the refrigerant flows through a diverging passage. Unlike positive displacement type, the roto-dynamic type compressors are steady flow devices, hence are subjected to less wear and\u00a0vibration. \r\n\r\nDepending upon the construction, roto-dynamic type compressors can be classified into:\r\ni. Radial flow type, or\r\nii. Axial flow type\r\n\r\nCentrifugal compressors (also known as turbo-compressors) are radial flow type, roto-dynamic compressors. These compressors are widely used in large capacity refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Axial flow compressors are normally used in gas liquefaction applications.\r\n\r\nb) Based on arrangement of compressor motor or external drive:\r\ni. Open type\r\nii. Hermetic (or sealed) type\r\niii. Semi-hermetic (or semi-sealed) type\r\n\r\nIn open type compressors the rotating shaft of the compressor extends through a seal in the crankcase for an external drive. The external drive may be an electrical motor or an engine (e.g. diesel engine). The compressor may be belt driven or gear driven. Open type compressors are normally used in medium to large capacity refrigeration system for all refrigerants and for ammonia (due to its incompatibility with hermetic motor materials). Open type compressors are characterized by high efficiency, flexibility, better compressor cooling and serviceability. However, since the shaft has to extend through the seal, refrigerant leakage from the system cannot be eliminated completely. Hence refrigeration systems using open type compressors require a refrigerant reservoir to take care of the refrigerant leakage for some time, and then regular maintenance for charging the system with refrigerant, changing of seals, gaskets etc.\r\n\r\nhermetic-compressors\r\n\r\nIn hermetic compressors, the motor and the compressor are enclosed in the same housing to prevent refrigerant leakage. The housing has welded connections for refrigerant inlet and outlet and for power input socket. As a result of this, there is virtually no possibility of refrigerant leakage from the compressor. All motors reject a part of the power supplied to it due to eddy currents and friction, that is, inefficiencies. Similarly the compressor also gets heated-up due to friction and also due to temperature rise of the vapor during compression. In Open type, both the compressor and the motor normally reject heat to the surrounding air for efficient operation. In hermetic compressors heat cannot be rejected to the surrounding air since both are enclosed in a shell. Hence, the cold suction gas is made to flow over the motor and the compressor before entering the compressor. This keeps the motor cool. The motor winding is in direct contact with the refrigerant hence only those refrigerants, which have high dielectric strength, can be used in hermetic compressors. The cooling rate depends upon the flow rate of the refrigerant, its temperature and the thermal properties of the refrigerant. If flow rate is not sufficient and\/or if the temperature is not low enough the insulation on the winding of the motor can burn out and short-circuiting may occur. Hence, hermetically sealed compressors give satisfactory and safe performance over a very narrow range of design temperature and should not be used for off-design conditions.\r\n\r\nThe COP of the hermetic compressor based systems is lower than that of the open compressor based systems since a part of the refrigeration effect is lost in cooling the motor and the compressor. However, hermetic compressors are almost universally used in small systems such as domestic refrigerators, water coolers, air conditioners etc, where efficiency is not as important as customer convenience (due to absence of continuous maintenance). In addition to this, the use of hermetic compressors is ideal in systems, which use capillary tubes as expansion devices and are critically charged systems. Hermetic compressors are normally not serviceable. They are not very flexible as it is difficult to vary their speed to control the cooling capacity.\r\n\r\nIn some (usually larger) hermetic units, the cylinder head is usually removable so that the valves and the piston can be serviced. This type of unit is called a semi-hermetic (or semi-sealed) compressor.","headline":"Refrigerators Compressors &#8211; Types Of Compressor used in HVAC","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-04-14","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/hermetic-compressors-250x250.jpg","height":250,"width":250},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-actuators-types-pneumatic-actuators/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/pneumatic-actuators-300x100.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Pneumatic Actuators &#8211; Types Of Pneumatic Actuators</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-actuators-types-pneumatic-actuators/">What is Pneumatic Actuators &#8211; Types Of Pneumatic Actuators</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Pneumatic Actuators - Types Of Pneumatic Actuators
Pneumatic actuators are the devices used for converting pressure energy of compressed air into the mechanical energy to perform useful...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-actuators-types-pneumatic-actuators/" aria-label="View Post: What is Pneumatic Actuators &#8211; Types Of Pneumatic Actuators">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Pneumatic Actuators &#8211; Types Of Pneumatic Actuators","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-actuators-types-pneumatic-actuators\/","articleBody":"What is Pneumatic Actuators - Types Of Pneumatic Actuators\r\nPneumatic actuators are the devices used for converting pressure energy of compressed air into the mechanical energy to perform useful work. In other words, Actuators are used to perform the task of exerting the required force at the end of the stroke or used to create displacement by the movement of the piston. The pressurised air from the compressor is supplied to reservoir. The pressurised air from storage is supplied to pneumatic actuator to do work.\r\n\r\n pneumatic actuators\r\n\r\nThe air cylinder is a simple and efficient device for providing linear thrust or straight line motions with a rapid speed of response. Friction losses are low, seldom exceeds 5 % with a cylinder in good condition, and cylinders are particularly suitable for single purpose applications and \/or where rapid movement is required. They are also suitable for use under conditions which preclude the employment of hydraulic cylinders that is at high ambient temperature of up to 200\u00a0 deg cel. to 250 deg cel.\u00a0\r\nTYPES OF PNEUMATICS ACTUATORS :\r\nPneumatic cylinders can be used to get linear, rotary and oscillatory motion. There are three types of pneumatic actuator: they are\r\ni) Linear Actuator or Pneumatic cylinders\r\nii) Rotary Actuator or Air motors\r\niii) Limited angle Actuators\r\n\r\nTypes of Pneumatic cylinders \/Linear actuators\r\n\r\nPneumatic cylinders are devices for converting the air pressure into linear mechanical force and motion. The pneumatic cylinders are basically used for single purpose application such as clamping, stamping, transferring, branching, allocating, ejecting, metering, tilting, bending, turning and many other applications.\r\n\r\nThe different classification scheme of the pneumatic cylinders are given below\r\n\r\n1. Based on application for which air cylinders are used\r\n\r\ni) Light duty air cylinders\r\nii) Medium duty air cylinders\r\niii) Heavy duty air cylinders\r\n\r\n2. Based on the cylinder action\r\n\r\ni) Single acting cylinder\r\nii) Double acting cylinder\r\n\r\n \tSingle rod type double acting cylinder\r\n \tDouble rod type double acting cylinder\r\n\r\n3. Based on cylinder\u2019s movement\r\n\r\ni) Rotating type air cylinder\r\nii) Non rotating type air cylinder\r\n\r\n4. Based on the cylinder\u2019s design\r\n\r\ni) Telescopic cylinder\r\nii) Tandem cylinder\r\niii) Rod less cylinder\r\n\r\n \tCable cylinder,\r\n \tSealing band Cylinder with slotted cylinder barrel\r\n \tCylinder with Magnetically Coupled Slide\r\n \tImpact cylinder\r\n \tDuplex cylinders\r\n \tCylinders with sensors\r\n\r\n5.\u00a0 Based on the cylinder action\r\nBased on cylinder action we can classify the cylinders as single acting and double acting. Single acting cylinders have single air inlet line. Double acting cylinders have two air inlet lines. Advantages of double acting cylinders over single acting cylinders are\r\n\r\n1. In single acting cylinder, compressed air is fed only on one side. Hence this cylinder can produce work only in one direction. But the compressed air moves the piston in two directions in double acting cylinder, so they work in both directions\r\n2. In a single acting cylinder, the stroke length is limited by the compressed length of the spring. But in principle , the stroke length is unlimited in a double acting cylinder\r\n3. While the piston moves forward in a single acting cylinder, air has to overcome the pressure of the spring and hence some power is lost before the actual stroke of the piston starts. But this problem is not present in a double acting cylinder.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Pneumatic Actuators &#8211; Types Of Pneumatic Actuators","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-04-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/pneumatic-actuators-300x100.jpg","height":100,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-agricultural-sprayer-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/agricultural-based-mechanical-project-sprayer-300x142.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-agricultural-sprayer-mechanical-project/">Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer - Mechanical Project
Abstract —The spraying is traditionally done by labour carrying backpack type sprayer which requires more human effort. The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-agricultural-sprayer-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-fabrication-agricultural-sprayer-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer - Mechanical Project\r\nAbstract \u2014The spraying is traditionally done by labour carrying backpack type sprayer which requires more human effort. The weeding is the generally done with the help of Bulls becomes for small land farmers. Similarly the seed sowing application is also done with the help of bulls, which in the present age is time consuming and laborious. So to overcome these above problems a machine is developed which will be beneficial to the farmer for the spraying and weeding operation along with the seed sowing application. A multifunction device will come in handy that can be put to use in different stages of farmig as per requirement.\r\n\r\n agricultural based mechanical project -sprayer\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n A sprayer is a device used to spray a liquid. In agriculture, a sprayer is a piece of equipment that spray nozzles to apply herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers to agricultural crops. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units (typically backpacks with spray guns) to self-propelled units similar to tractors, with boom mounts of 60\u2013151 feet in length.\r\n\r\nTypes of Sprayer:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tBackpack\/knapsack\r\n \tFoot\r\n \tGarden\r\n \tHand\r\n \tcompression\r\n \tStirrup\r\n\r\nThe disadvantages of this system is that it is very heavy , has to be operated by hand and moreover carrying it on the shoulder is very tire some ..hence need of an innovative type of sprayer.\r\n\r\nWorking :\r\n\r\nThe connecting link is engaged to the piston of the sprayer pump which moves forward and backward to give pump action and increase pressure inside the pump which is further used to spray the pesticide when the valve is opened on the sprayer pipe.\r\n\r\nConstruction and working of Models :\r\n\r\nIn video detailed explanation of sprayer working is given ,you can\u00a0 understand all features of model after watching full video :\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Agricultural sprayer :\r\n 1. Human effort in pumping is saved.\r\n 2. Less tiresome as compared to the conventional sprayer as the tank is carried on vehicle.\r\n 3. Increases the capacity of spraying.\r\n 4. Two pumping outputs per rotation of crank, so tank charging is faster.\r\n 5. Cost effective as compared to automatic sprayers.\r\n\r\nApplication :\r\n 1. Agriculture\r\n 2. Florticulture\r\n 3. Horticulture\r\n 4. Spraying of germicide","headline":"Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Sprayer &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-04-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/agricultural-based-mechanical-project-sprayer-300x142.jpg","height":142,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=194">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=193"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>193</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=194"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>194</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>195</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=196"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>196</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=197"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>197</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=196">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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