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Casting is the process where metal is heated until molten. While in the molten or liquid state it is poured into a mold or vessel to create a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/casting-vs-forming-forging/" aria-label="View Post: Difference Between Casting and Forging/Forming Processes">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference Between Casting and Forging\/Forming Processes","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/casting-vs-forming-forging\/","articleBody":"Difference Between Casting and Forging Processes\u00a0\r\nCasting is the process where metal is heated until molten. While in the molten or liquid state it is poured into a mold or vessel to create a desired shape.\r\n\u00a0\r\nForging is the application of thermal and mechanical energy to steel billets or ingots to cause the material to change shape while in a solid state.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nDifference between casting vs forging\r\nDifference between Casting vs Forging\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMetal casting process\r\n\r\nDifferences\r\n\r\nMetal forming process\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCasting is a manufacturing process where a\r\n solid is melted, heated to proper temperature (sometimes treated to modify its chemical composition), and is then poured into a cavity or mould, which contains it in the proper shape during solidification. Thus, in a single step, simple or complex shapes can be made from any metal that can be melted.\r\n The resulting product can have virtually any configuration the designer\r\n desires.\r\n\r\nWorking Principle\r\n\r\nThe plastic deformation of a metal in order to produce a useful shape. Metal forming is done at elevated\r\n or hot-working temperatures with processes such as forging, or it is done at cold-working room temperatures with processes such as stamping or bending.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOBTAINING THE CASTING GEOMETRY-\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe traditional method of obtaining the casting geometry is by sending blueprint drawings to the foundry. This is usually done during the request for quotation process.\r\n However, more and more customers and foundries are exchanging part geometry via the exchange of computer aided design files.\r\n\u00a0\r\nPATTERNMARKING-\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe pattern is a physical model of the casting used to make the mould.\r\nThe mould is made by packing some readily formed aggregate material, such as moulding sand, around the pattern. When the pattern is\r\n withdrawn, its imprint provides the mould cavity, which is ultimately filled with metal to become the casting.\r\nIf the casting is to be hollow, as in the case of pipe fittings,\r\n additional patterns, referred to as cores, are used to form these cavities.\r\n\u00a0\r\nCOREMAKING-\r\n\u00a0\r\nCores are forms, usually made of sand, which are placed into a mould cavity to form the interior surfaces of castings. Thus the void space between the core and mould-cavity surface is what eventually becomes the casting.\r\n\u00a0\r\nMOULDING-\r\n\u00a0\r\nMoulding consists of all operations necessary to prepare a mould for receiving molten metal. Moulding usually involves placing a moulding\r\n aggregate around a pattern held with a supporting frame, withdrawing the pattern to leave the mould cavity, setting the cores in the mould cavity and finishing and closing the mould.\r\n\u00a0\r\nMELTING AND POURING-\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe preparation of molten metal for casting is referred to\r\n simply as melting. Melting is usually done in a specifically designated area of the foundry, and the molten metal is transferred to the pouring area where\r\n the moulds are filled.\r\n\u00a0\r\nCLEANING-\r\n\u00a0\r\nCleaning refers to all operations necessary to the removal of sand, scale, and excess metal from the casting. The casting is separated from the mould and transported to the cleaning department. Burned-on sand and scale are removed to improve the surface appearance of the casting. Excess metal, in the form of fins, wires, parting line fins, and gates, is removed. Castings may be upgraded by welding or other procedures. Inspection of the casting for defects and general quality is performed.\r\n\u00a0\r\nOTHER PROCESS-\r\n\u00a0\r\nBefore shipment, further processing such as heat-treatment, surface treatment, additional inspection, or machining may be performed as required by the\r\n customer's specifications.\r\n\r\nProcedures\r\n\r\nMetal-forming processes: \r\n\u00a0\r\nProcesses that cause changes in the shape of solid metal articles via plastic (permanent) deformations.\r\n\u00a0\r\nDrawing:\u00a0Metal forming process whereby the workpiece is a shaped longitudinal prism that undergoes a reduction and change in its cross\r\n section area and shape while being pulled through a shaped converging die.\r\n\u00a0\r\nExtrusion: Metal forming process whereby the\r\n workpiece is placed in a chamber with an opening and is forced to escape\r\n through the opening, usually being pushed out by a mandrel.\r\n\u00a0\r\nForging: Metal forming process whereby the\r\n workpiece is placed between an anvil and a hammer and subjected to compressive force between them.\r\n\u00a0\r\nRolling:\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nMetal forming process whereby the workpiece is a longitudinal prism, which is placed between two opposing circular rolls that rotate in opposite directions, drag the workpiece along, and force it to reduce in cross\r\n section.\r\n\u00a0\r\nMetal forming is normally performed after the primary processes of extraction, casting, and powder compaction and before the finishing processes of metal cutting, grinding, polishing, painting, and assembly. With few exceptions, the bulk of the products of the metal fabrication industry are shaped by forming or a combination of forming and other processes like\r\n metal cutting or joining.\r\n\u00a0\r\nForming operations are classified as those\r\nprocesses where the desired shape is achieved by imparting plastic\r\ndeformation to the workpiece in the solid state. Classification by \r\n(1) product, \r\n(2) material, \r\n(3) forming temperature, and \r\n(4) Nature of deformation (sheet metal versus bulk deformation)\r\ncan also be helpful. \r\n\u00a0\r\nHowever, the boundaries between categories are not perfectly\r\n defined.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1) the most intricate of shapes, both external and internal, may be cast.\r\nAs a result, many other operations, such as machining, forging and welding can be minimized or eliminated.\r\n\u00a0\r\n2) due to their physical properties, some metals can only be cast to shape (since they cannot be hot-worked into bars, rods, plates, or other shapes) from ingot form as a preliminary to\r\n other processing.\r\n\u00a0\r\n3) construction may be simplified. Objects may be cast in a single piece which would otherwise require assembly\r\n of several pieces if made by other methods.\r\n\u00a0\r\n4) casting is a process highly adapted\r\n to the requirements of mass production. Large numbers of a given casting may be produced very rapidly.\r\n\u00a0\r\n5) large and heavy objects may be cast when they would be difficult or uneconomic to produces otherwise.\r\n\r\nAdvantages\r\n\r\n1) no or very small loss of material\r\n\u00a0\r\n2) little or no scrap\r\n\u00a0\r\n3) increase in ductility (hot forming of cast ingots)\r\n\u00a0\r\n4) increase in strength and hardness\r\n\u00a0\r\n5) high production rate, generate final shape in short time\r\n\u00a0\r\n6) better mechanical and metallurgical properties (strength, toughness, grain size)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. limitation on mechanical properties\r\n\u00a0\r\n2. porosity\r\n\u00a0\r\n3. surface finish\r\n\u00a0\r\n4. dimensional accuracy\r\n\u00a0\r\n5. safety hazards to humans\r\n\u00a0\r\n6. environmental concerns\r\n\r\nLimitations\r\n\r\n1) equipment expensive because of the large forces involved\r\n\u00a0\r\n2) suited for a large number of parts only\r\n\u00a0\r\n3) Large capital\u00a0 expenditure because of heavy presses and die\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1) more uniform properties from a directional standpoint\r\n\u00a0\r\n2) strength and lightness in certain light metal alloys, which can be produced only as castings.\r\n\u00a0\r\n3) good bearing qualities are obtained in casting metals\r\n\r\nQuality\r\n\r\n1) near net-shaping forming\r\n\u00a0","headline":"Difference Between Casting and Forging\/Forming Processes","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-01-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/forgedcrankshaft-300x185.jpg","height":185,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pick-and-place-robotic-arm-assembly-3d/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/hqdefault-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pick-and-place-robotic-arm-assembly-3d/">Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology
Small 3d Printed Robotic Arm     Among Modern Manufacturing Technologies 3D printing Technology is best For Making prototypes and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pick-and-place-robotic-arm-assembly-3d/" aria-label="View Post: Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pick-and-place-robotic-arm-assembly-3d\/","articleBody":"Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology\r\nSmall 3d Printed Robotic Arm\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nAmong Modern Manufacturing Technologies 3D printing Technology is best For Making prototypes and very Complex jobs. Lots of development and research is going on to make it possible on metal.\r\n\r\nThis Video Contain Small pick and place robotic Arm. Beauty of this arm is all parts are made on 3d printing machine and then assembled.\r\n\r\n\r\nPick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More About Robotic Arm Projects :\r\n\u00a0\r\n1) Design And Fabrication Of Hydraulic Arm Full report pdf\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n2) 3D Printing | Rapid Prototyping | Additive Manufacturing","headline":"Pick And Place Robotic Arm Assembly | 3D Printing Technology","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-01-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/hqdefault-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/how-centrifugal-pump-works/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/centrugugalpumpfigure-300x286.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/how-centrifugal-pump-works/">Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump   Introduction: 
 
Centrifugal pumps are the most widely used of all the turbo machine (or rotodynamic) pumps. This...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/how-centrifugal-pump-works/" aria-label="View Post: Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/how-centrifugal-pump-works\/","articleBody":"Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump\u00a0\r\n\r\nIntroduction:\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nCentrifugal pumps are the most widely used of all the turbo machine (or rotodynamic) pumps. This type of pumps uses the centrifugal force created by an impeller which spins at high speed inside the pump casing.\r\n\u00a0\r\nPrinciple: Its principle work on Centrifugal force.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCONSTRUCTION\u00a0DETAILS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:\u00a0\r\n\r\nCentrifugal pump is classified as the following:-\r\n\u00a0\r\n1. Stationary components\r\n\u00a0\r\n2. Rotating components\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nConstruction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n1. Stationary components of the centrifugal pump are the following:\r\na) Casing: \u2013 It is an air tight passage surrounding the impeller. It is designed in such a way that the kinetic energy of the water discharged at the outlet of the impeller is converted into pressure energy before the water leaves the casing and enters the delivery pipe.\r\n\r\n\u00a0Types of Centrifugal pump casing:-\r\n\r\n1) Volute casing: \u2013 It is spiral type of casing in which area of flow increase gradually. The increase in area of flow decreases the velocity of flow and increases the pressure of water.\r\n\r\n2) Vortex casing: \u2013 if a circular chamber is introduced between casing and the impeller, the casing is known as vortex casing.\r\n\r\n3) Casing with guide blades: \u2013 the impeller is surrounded by a series of guide blades mounted on a ring know as diffuser.\r\n\u00a0\r\nb) Suction pipe: \u2013\u00a0\r\nThe pipe whose one ends is connected to the inlet of the pump and other end dip into water in a sump.\r\n\r\nc) Delivery pipe: \u2013 The pipe whose one end is connected to the outlet of the pump and other end is involved in delivering the water at a required height.\r\n\r\n2. Rotating component of the centrifugal pump is Impeller.\r\n\u00a0\r\nImpeller: \u2013 It is the main rotating part that provides the centrifugal acceleration to the fluid. Classification of impeller:\r\n\r\na) Based on direction of flow:\r\n\r\n1) \u00a0Axial-flow: \u2013 the fluid maintains significant axial-flow direction components from the inlet to outlet of the rotor.\r\n\r\n2) \u00a0Radial-flow: \u2013 the flow across the blades involves a substantial radial-flow component at the rotor inlet, outlet and both.\r\n\r\n3) Mixed-flow: \u2013 there may be significant axial and radial flow velocity components for the flow through the rotor row.\r\n\r\nb) Based on suction type:\r\n\r\n1) \u00a0Single suction: \u2013 liquid inlet on one side.\r\n\r\n2) \u00a0Double suction: \u2013 liquid inlet to the impeller symmetrically from both sides.\r\n\r\nc) Based on mechanical construction:\r\n\r\n1) Closed: \u2013 shrouds or sidewall is enclosing the vanes.\r\n\u00a0\r\n2) Open: \u2013 no shrouds or wall to enclose the vanes.\r\n\u00a0\r\n3) Semi-open or vortex type.\r\n\r\nWorking Of Centrifugal\u00a0Pump:\u00a0\r\nWater is drawn into the pump from the source of supply through a short length of pipe (suction pipe). Impeller rotates; it spins the liquid sitting in the cavities between the vanes outwards and provides centrifugal acceleration with the kinetic energy.\r\n\r\nThis kinetic energy of a liquid coming out an impeller is harnessed by creating a resistance to flow. The first resistance is created by the pump volute (casing) that catches the liquid and shows it down.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the discharge nozzle, the liquid further decelerates and its velocity is converted to pressure according to BERNOULLI\u2019S PRINCIPAL.\r\n\r\n\r\nEFFICIENCY\u00a0OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:-\r\n\r\nMechanical efficiency: \u2013 It is ratio of the impeller power to the shaft power.\r\n\r\nHydraulic efficiency: \u2013 It is ratio of the manometric head to the Euler head.\r\n\r\nVolumetric efficiency:- It is ratio of the actual to the theoretical discharge.\r\n\u00a0\r\nOverall efficiency: \u2013 It is ratio of the water power to the shaft power.","headline":"Construction And Working Of Centrifugal Pump | Parts Of Centrifugal Pump","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-01-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/centrugugalpumpfigure-300x286.gif","height":286,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/general-consideration-in-designing/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/large-300x188.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to General Consideration In Designing A Machine Components</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/general-consideration-in-designing/">General Consideration In Designing A Machine Components</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGNING A MACHINE COMPONENTS  1. Type of load and stresses caused by the load:  The load or force is an external agent which, when applied on a machine part produce...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/general-consideration-in-designing/" aria-label="View Post: General Consideration In Designing A Machine Components">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"General Consideration In Designing A Machine Components","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/general-consideration-in-designing\/","articleBody":"GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DESIGNING A MACHINE COMPONENTS\r\n\r\n1. Type of load and stresses caused by the load:\r\n\r\n\r\nThe load or force is an external agent which, when applied on a machine part produce or tends to produce\/destroy motion. Generally the machine members are subjected to various external forces due to\r\n1. Self weight of the machine.\r\n2. Inertia due to reciprocating parts.\r\n3. Power transmission.\r\n4. Change of nature like temp and other\r\n5. Frictional forces.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe load is classified with respect to its nature of application as\r\n\u00a0\r\n1. Steady or static or dead load: Whose magnitude and direction will not change with respect to time.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. Live or variable or dynamic load: Whose magnitude and direction change time to time.\r\n\u00a0\r\n3. Suddenly or shock load: Initial velocity is zero.\r\nEx: Designing a lathe bed require cast iron which is more hard and high compressive strength, for making dial gauge, glass may be employed.\r\n\u00a0\r\n4. Impact load: This is suddenly applied with some velocity.\r\nEx: blows of hammer, rough road reactions to the wheels and axles of motor cars.\r\nIn general the components to be designed or dynamic and impact load should be stronger and bigger than that for steady load.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe load on a machine component may act in several ways due to which the internal stresses are set up: Tensile, compressive, shear, Torsional, Bending, Combined stresses, Thermal stresses.\r\n\u00a0\r\n2. Motion of the parts: \r\n\r\nDepending upon the given specification the suitable prescribed motion of the part is to be evaluated. The motion of the parts are\r\n(1) Rectilinear motion.(reciprocating)\r\n(2) Curvilinear motion. (rotary)\r\n(3) Constant speed.\r\n(4) Constant or variable acceleration\r\n\u00a0\r\n3. Selection of materials:\r\n\r\n\r\nThe selection of material for a part depends upon the forces that are acting on that part and stresses developed on that part. The design engineer should have a thorough or complete knowledge of the mechanical behavior of materials under different loads.\r\n\u00a0\r\n4. Form and size of the parts:\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nBased upon the stresses acting on the part, the size and form shape (appearance) of a component is to be designed. In the process of reducing the size of the machine or existing component the design engineer should always check for the capability of that part to resist the stresses. The size is inversely proportional to material strength if the load is kept constant.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n Complex Shape \/Form Design\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a05. Lubrication:\u00a0\r\nThere is always a lot of heat is dissipated between movable parts\u00a0(rotating, sliding or rolling bearings),a design engineer should always provide a better means of lubrication between the parts.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n lubrication for machining operation\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n6. Operational features:\r\n\r\n\r\nThe designer should always consider the operational features of the machine. For example the start button, controlling levers, stop button should be designed based upon the convenient handling of the operator.\r\n\r\n\r\n Product Should be designed by Considering man machine Relationship i.e. Ergonomics\r\n\r\n7. Use of standard parts:\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Using the existing standard parts like bolts, nuts, washers, Gears and pulleys etc Reduces the cost of a machine and also it simplifies the manufacturing process. The designer should always go for selection of available parts of standard sizes; however, if the design requires a new part, then designer has to suggest a new manufacturing process.\r\n\r\n\r\n Standard Parts -Nut,Bolt, Gears,Chain\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n8. Safety of operation:\u00a0\r\nSome machines are dangerous to operate at maximum speed. It is necessary that a designer should always provide safety devices for the safety of the operator. The safety appliances should in no way interference with operation of the machine Ex: Electrical main-Switch.\r\n\u00a0\r\n9. Work shop facilities:\r\nThe designer has to always design the part based upon his employer\u2019s work shop facilities available to him. Sometimes it is necessary to plan and supervise the work shop operations and to draft methods for casting, handling and machining special parts.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n10. Number of components to be manufactured:\u00a0\r\nBased upon the number of parts to be manufactured, the designer has flexibility in designing the part. If the number of components to be manufactured are less, the designer should always look at using the standard shapes and sizes of parts available to him. However if the number of components to be manufactured are more, he can go for a new product (design) of the part.\r\n\u00a0\r\n11. Cost of construction:\u00a0\r\nThe designer has to always try to minimize the cost of construction of a machine. Use of standard parts and using the manufacturing process available to him can reduce the cost of construction.\r\n\u00a0\r\n12. Maintain Symmetry In Design\u00a0\r\nTry to maintain Symmetry in parts because it will helpful making design astheticallly Strong.\r\n\u00a0","headline":"General Consideration In Designing A Machine Components","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-01-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/large-300x188.jpg","height":188,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electromagnetic-engine-project-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/electromagneticengine-300x259.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electromagnetic-engine-project-report-download/">DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE  ABSTRACT  The main objective of our project to design and construct an electrically operated engine i.e. Electromagnetic Engine. Our engine is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electromagnetic-engine-project-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electromagnetic-engine-project-report-download\/","articleBody":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE\r\n\r\nABSTRACT\r\n\r\nThe main objective of our project to design and construct an electrically operated engine i.e. Electromagnetic Engine. Our engine is totally different from ordinary IC Engine, because of the inventory advancement in operating principles. We have changed the operating principle of IC Engine by using electromagnetic effect instead of combustion of fossil fuels. This engine works on the principle of magnetic repulsion between two magnets. This electromagnetic engine consists of two magnets, one of them is an Electromagnet and other one is a Permanent Magnet. \u00a0Permanent Magnet acts as piston and Electromagnet is located at the top of the cylinder instead of spark plug and valve arrangement in IC Engines. In this way this engine does not contain any spark plug and fuel injection system. The Electromagnet is energized by a battery source of suitable voltage and the polarities of electromagnet are set in such a way that it will repel the permanent magnet i.e. piston from TDC to BDC, which will result in the rotary motion of crank shaft. \u00a0When the piston is at BDC the supply of Electromagnet is discontinued, the permanent magnet which was repelled to BDC will come back to its initial position i.e. TDC. This procedure completes one revolution of crank shaft i.e. our output work. The total power supplied by battery will be just to fulfill the copper losses of winding and power required to magnetize the windings.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nConcept Of Electromagnetic Engine\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE\r\nAn electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by the flow of electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off. Electromagnets are widely used as components of other electrical devices, such as motors, generators, relays, loudspeakers, hard disks, MRI machines, scientific instruments, and magnetic separation equipment, as well as being employed as industrial lifting electromagnets for picking up and moving heavy iron objects like scrap iron.\r\n\r\nA simple electromagnet consisting of a coil of insulated wire wrapped around an iron core. The strength of magnetic field generated is proportional to the amount of current.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCOMPONENTS\r\n\r\nCYLINDER\r\nElectromagnetic engine uses only magnets for its operation. The cylinder must take care of unwanted magnetic field and other losses further cylinder material itself should not get attracted to the magnet and resist the movement of the piston.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPISTON\r\nThe hollow piston casing is made up of non-magnetic stainless steel, titanium or similar materials of high resistivity and low electrical conductivity. Alternatively, piston casing can also be made up of non-metallic, thermal resistant materials as well or can be made by integrating both non-magnetic and non-metallic materials.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCONNECTING ROD\r\nIn a reciprocating engine, the connecting rod is used to connect the piston to the crankshaft. This converts the linear motion or reciprocating motion of the piston to the circular motion of the crankshaft. The material of the connecting rod is cast iron and the magnetic fields are contained inside the cylinder and the connecting rod will not be affected much. so, the connecting rod is same as that of an Internal combustion engine. Hence, no modification is required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nELECTROMAGNET\r\nAn electromagnetic coil is formed when an insulated solid copper wire is wound around a core or form to create an inductor or electromagnet. When electricity is passed through a coil, it generates a magnetic field. One loop of wire is usually referred to as a turn or a winding and a coil consists of one or more turns. For use in an electronic circuit, electrical connection terminals called taps are often connected to a coil. Coils are often coated with varnish or wrapped with insulating tape to provide additional insulation and secure them in place. A completed coil assembly with one or more set of coils and taps is often called the windings.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBATTERY\r\nWhere high values of load current are necessary, the lead-acid cell is the type most commonly used. The electrolyte is a dilute solution of sulphuric acid (H\u2082SO\u2084). In the application of battery power to start the engine in an auto mobile, for example, the load current to the starter motor is typically 200 to 400A One cell has a nominal output of 2.1V, but lead-acid cells are often used in a series combination of three for a 6-V battery and six for a 12-V battery.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFABRICATION and WORKING\r\nThe working of the electromagnetic engine is based on the principle of magnetism. A magnet has two poles a north pole and a south pole. Magnetism is a class of physical phenomenon that includes forces exerted by magnets on other magnets. By principle of magnetism, when like poles of a magnet is brought together they repel away from each other. When unlike poles are brought near each other they attract. This is same for the case of an electromagnet and a permanent magnet too. So the idea is to modify the piston head and cylinder head into magnets so that force can be generated between them.\r\nThis working of the electromagnetic engine is based on attraction &amp; repulsive force of the magnet. The engine greatly resembles the working of a two-stroke engine. To start, let us begin from the situation, when piston is located in the lower position. The coil is connected through the battery, the copper coil is energized to produced the magnetic field the piston in side of the large power Neodymium Iron Boron magnets, the piston moved upper and lower the fly wheel connected through the piston link the copper coil energized the piston move upward and copper coil is de-energized the piston move to downward. With the help of relay and control unit. The continuous process through piston is move to (up and down) with also rotated the fly wheel. The arrangement has shown in the\r\n\r\nDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nElectromagnetic engines working are based on the principle of interaction between the magnetic field Permanent magnet is fixed in the piston and iron material is connected to copper coil. So that the iron material is converted into electromagnet when the power supply is given to it. When piston is located in the lower position, the coil is connected through the battery. The copper coil is energized to produce the magnetic field. When the copper coil energized the piston move upward and copper coil is de- energized the piston move to downward, with the help of relay and control unit. The continuous process through piston is move to (up and down) with also rotated the fly wheel.\r\n\r\nDownload:\r\n\u00a0\r\nDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE Report\u00a0","headline":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINE","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-01-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/electromagneticengine-300x259.png","height":259,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-mini-ball-mi/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFMINIBALLMILL..jpeg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-mini-ball-mi/">DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.  ABSTRACT
This project is to design and fabricate the mini ball mill that can grind the solid state of various type of materials into nano-powder. The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-mini-ball-mi/" aria-label="View Post: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-mini-ball-mi\/","articleBody":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.\r\n\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThis project is to design and fabricate the mini ball mill that can grind the solid state of various type of materials into nano-powder. The cylindrical jar is used as a mill that would rotate the material that about to be ground, a motor is used to power the system so that the jar can rotate in high speed and using the regulator controls the speed of the rotation of the jar. The solid material will be put into the stainless steel jar with the metal balls. Gearing system is used to transmit more torque from motor to generate higher rotating speed. The speed of the rotation will be control by the regulator and the jar will keep rotating until the material inside become a very fine powder. To ensure the stability of the mini ball mill, a ball mill base is design and fabricate to withstand the weight of the rotating jar, motor and gears. After a few hours, stop the mini ball mill and the powder can be filtered out by the removing the metal balls. Observation will be taken if the material can be crushed into nano-powder form and how long it takes.\r\n\r\n\r\nIntroduction:\r\n\r\nThe aim of this project is to design and fabricate ball ,milling machine that is capable of grinding\u00a0already crushed material ores into fine particles, which will be cost effective, durable and less,cumbersome. Alternative materials were used like mild steel in the material. selection which\u00a0makes easily affordable for light duty centers. The machine is categorized under the tumbling\u00a0mill type of milling machine, which the rotation cf the cylinder placed horizontally on the two parallel shafts placed side by side to each other. Due to the slow operational rotation of the\u00a0machine, a speed reducer mechanism was introduced to further step down the generated speed\u00a0from the electric motor.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.\r\n\r\nMETHODOLOGY\r\nTypically, the mini ball milling device consists of a cylindrical vessel mounted on an appropriate basis at both ends which allows rotation of the vessel around the center axis. The mill is driven by long high density mild steel shaft and powered by an AC motor mounted to the base of the ball mill. A gear pulley system is used in our model whereby one is attached to the motor the main power supply and the other one is attached to the shaft that is rotates the cylindrical vessel. Using the gear ratio, the reduction of the velocity of the motor is take place because a desirable spend is needed to grind the mill. After the mill is charged with the starting material (ore, rock, etc.) and the grinding media (balls), the milling process takes place during rotation as a result of the transfer of kinetic energy of the moving grinding media into the grinding product. The grinding media used is with sizes of the balls ranging from 6 to 14 mm in diameter. As in the speed of rotation of the mill, centrifugation characteristic which means very fast rotation is used to grind micro metal powder into nano powders. Furthermore, the mass, volume, hardness, density and size distribution of the material charged in the mill is considered alongside with the mass, density, ball size distribution of the grinding media balls. The influence of grinding conditions on the production of fine particles and the width of the particle size distribution produced during ball mill grinding. As a result, measurement is taken to check whether nano powder is produce or not\r\n.","headline":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MINI BALL MILL.","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-01-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFMINIBALLMILL..jpeg","height":240,"width":240},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=251">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=250"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>250</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=251"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>251</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>252</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=253"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>253</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=254"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>254</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=253">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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