Difference Between Casting and Forging/Forming Processes

Difference Between Casting and Forging Processes

铸件is the process where metal is heated until molten. While in the molten or liquid state it is poured into a mold or vessel to create a desired shape.

锻造is the application of thermal and mechanical energy to steel billets or ingots to cause the material to change shape while in a solid state.

铸造与锻造之间的区别

金属铸造过程	差异	金属形成过程
铸件is a manufacturing process where a 固体被融化，加热至适当的温度（有时处理以修饰其化学成分），然后将其倒入腔或霉菌中，在固化过程中包含适当的形状。因此，在一个步骤中，可以由任何可以熔化的金属制成简单或复杂的形状。 The resulting product can have virtually any configuration the designer desires.	Working Principle	The plastic deformation of a metal in order to produce a useful shape. Metal forming is done at elevated or hot-working temperatures with processes such as forging, or it is done at cold-working room temperatures with processes such as stamping or bending.
OBTAINING THE CASTING GEOMETRY- 获得铸造几何形状的传统方法是将蓝图图发送给铸造厂。这通常是在引号请求期间完成的。 However, more and more customers and foundries are exchanging part geometry via the exchange of computer aided design files. PATTERNMARKING- 该图案是用于制作模具的铸件的物理模型。 The mould is made by packing some readily formed aggregate material, such as moulding sand, around the pattern. When the pattern is 撤销,其印提供了模腔,which is ultimately filled with metal to become the casting. If the casting is to be hollow, as in the case of pipe fittings, 其他模式（称为核心）用于形成这些腔。 COREMAKING- 芯是形式，通常由沙子制成，它们被放入霉菌腔中形成铸件的内部表面。因此，核心和尸体腔表面之间的空隙最终变成了铸造。 *MOULDING-* 成型包括准备接收熔融金属的模具所需的所有操作。成型通常涉及放置成型围绕带有支撑框架的图案进行聚集，撤回图案以离开霉菌腔，将核心设置在霉菌腔中，并完成并关闭模具。融化和倾倒 - 用于铸造的熔融金属的制备被提及 simply as melting. Melting is usually done in a specifically designated area of the foundry, and the molten metal is transferred to the pouring area where the moulds are filled. *打扫-* 清洁是指从铸件中去除沙子，比例和多余金属所需的所有操作。铸件与模具分开并运送到清洁部门。去除燃烧的沙子和秤以改善铸件的表面外观。除去鳍，电线，分开线鳍和门的多余金属被去除。铸件可以通过焊接或其他程序来升级。对铸件检查缺陷和一般质量的检查。 *其他过程 -* Before shipment, further processing such as heat-treatment, surface treatment, additional inspection, or machining may be performed as required by the customer’s specifications.	Procedures	金属形成过程：通过塑料（永久性）变形导致固体金属物质形状变化的过程。 Drawing:金属形成过程workpiece is a shaped longitudinal prism that undergoes a reduction and change in its cross 截面区域和形状，同时被拉出形状收敛的模具。挤压：金属形成过程工件被放置在一个带有开口的房间里，被迫逃脱通过开口，通常被曼德尔推出。锻造:金属形成过程 workpiece is placed between an anvil and a hammer and subjected to compressive force between them. 滚动：金属形成过程，工件是纵向棱镜，将其放置在两个相反方向旋转的相对圆卷之间 section. Metal forming is normally performed after the primary processes of extraction, casting, and powder compaction and before the finishing processes of metal cutting, grinding, polishing, painting, and assembly. With few exceptions, the bulk of the products of the metal fabrication industry are shaped by forming or a combination of forming and other processes like 金属切割或连接。形成操作被归类为通过赋予塑料来实现所需形状的过程 deformation to the workpiece in the solid state. Classification by (1) product, (2) material, （3）形成温度，并（4）变形的性质（金属与散装变形）的性质也可能会有所帮助。 However, the boundaries between categories are not perfectly defined.
1) the most intricate of shapes, both external and internal, may be cast. As a result, many other operations, such as machining, forging and welding can be minimized or eliminated. 2）由于其物理特性，某些金属只能铸造成塑形（因为它们不能被热工作成棒，杆，板或其他形状），从igot形式作为初步形式其他处理。 3) construction may be simplified. Objects may be cast in a single piece which would otherwise require assembly 如果通过其他方法制作的几个作品。 4）铸造是一个高度改编的过程满足群众生产的要求。可以非常迅速地生产大量给定的铸造。 5）当它们难以或不经济产生时，可能会施放大型和重物。	Advantages	1) no or very small loss of material 2）很少或没有废料 3) increase in ductility (hot forming of cast ingots) 4）增加力量和硬度 5）高生产率，在短时间内生成最终形状 6) better mechanical and metallurgical properties (strength, toughness, grain size)
1. limitation on mechanical properties 2.孔隙率 3.表面饰面 4. dimensional accuracy 5. safety hazards to humans 6. environmental concerns	Limitations	1) equipment expensive because of the large forces involved 2) suited for a large number of parts only 3) Large capital expenditure because of heavy presses and die
1）从方向的角度出发的更多均匀特性 2) strength and lightness in certain light metal alloys, which can be produced only as castings. 3）在铸造金属中获得了良好的轴承质量	质量	1）近乎净形成形成