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BRAKING SYSTEM
The mechanism which is used to slow and stop the vehicle is known as braking system. It is an important component of a vehicle. In...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-brakes-different-types-of-braking-system/" aria-label="View Post: Types of Brakes | Different types of Braking System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types of Brakes | Different types of Braking System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-brakes-different-types-of-braking-system\/","articleBody":"Types of Brakes | Different types of Braking System\r\nBRAKING SYSTEM\r\nThe mechanism which is used to slow and stop the vehicle is known as braking system. It is an important component of a vehicle. In other words. the total system starting from brake pedal or lever to the brake shoe is known as braking system.\r\nPrinciple of braking system:\r\nIn this system, the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy due to friction between two mating surfaces of brake lining and brake drum. Then. the heat is dissipated into the atmosphere.\r\nNeed for brakes:\r\n1. To stop or slow down the vehicle at the will of an operator.\r\n2. To control the vehicle descending a hill.\r\n3. To keep the vehicle in a desired position even at rest.\r\n4. To park the vehicle and hold it in stationary position without the presence of driver.\r\n\r\nbrake diagram\r\nTypes of Brakes\r\nThe automobile brakes are classified on the basis of following.\r\n\r\n1. According to the applications:\r\ni) Service or running or foot brake\r\n(ii) Parking or emergency or hand brake.\r\n\r\n2. According to the number of wheels:\r\n(i) Two wheel brakes\r\n(ii) Four wheel brakes.\r\n\r\n3, According to the brake gear:\r\n(i) Mechanical brake\r\n(a) Hand brake\r\n(b) Foot brake.\r\n(ii) Power brake:\r\n(a) With booster\r\n(b) Without booster.\r\n\r\n4. According to construction:\r\n(i) Drum brake\r\n(ii) Disc brake.\r\n\r\n5. According to location\r\n(i) Transmission brakes\r\n(ii) Wheel brakes.\r\n\r\n6. According to method of braking contact:\r\n(i) Internal expanding brakes\r\n(ii) External expanding brakes.\r\n\r\n7. According to the power unit:\r\n(i) Cylinder brake\r\n(ii) Diaphragm brake.\r\n\r\n8. According to power transmission:\r\n(i) Direct acting brake\r\n(ii) Geared brake,\r\n\r\n9. According to method of applying brake force:\r\n(i) Single acting brake\r\n(ii) Double acting brake.\r\n\r\n10. According to power employed:\r\n(i) Vacuum brakes\r\na, Atmospheric suspended\r\nb. Vacuum suspended\r\n(ii) Air Of pneumatic brakes\r\n(iii) Hydraulic brakes\r\n(iv) Hydrostatic brakes\r\n(v) Electric brakes.\r\nIn Detail Brake types Explained :\u00a0\r\nDepending on the vehicle you are driving, there are different types of brake systems:-\r\n\r\n\r\n \tMECHANICAL BRAKES\u00a0- These act by generating frictional forces as two surfaces rub against each other.There are two types of mechanical brakes :\r\n\r\n\r\n \tDrum Brakes\u00a0: The drum brake has a metal brake drum that encloses the brake assembly at each wheel. Two curved brake shoes expand outward to slow or stop the drum which rotates with the wheel.\r\n \tDisc Brakes\u00a0: A friction system using a wheel brake to slow the rotation of the automobiles wheels; brake pads are pushed against the brakes rotor with a set of calipers.\r\n\r\n\r\n \tHYDRAULIC BRAKES\u00a0-\u00a0the brakes which are operated by means of hydraulic pressure are called hydraulic brakes. These brakes are based on the principle of Pascal\u2019s law.\r\n\r\nSingle-Circuit Hydraulic Brakes:\u00a0A master cylinder fed by a reservoir of hydraulic brake fluid and connected by a system of metal pipes and rubber fittings attached to wheel cylinders; each wheel has opposing pistons on band or drum brake; pressure is produced to push pistons apart and force brake pads into wheel cylinder.\r\nDual-Circuit Hydraulic Brakes:\u00a0consists of a command circuit that activates when brakes are pressed, and a second circuit controlled by the cars computer that calculates applied force and applies it to the hydraulic pump system.\r\n\r\n\r\n \tPOWER BRAKES\u00a0\u2013\r\n\r\nAir Brakes:\u00a0a system using air instead of hydraulic fluid to activate a standard disc or drum brake, usually used in buses, trucks and trailers.\r\nPower Brake Booster:\u00a0a system utilizing the vacuum power naturally produced in an engine to amplify a driver\u2019s foot pressure to stop even very heavy vehicles.\r\n4.\u00a0ELECTRIC BRAKES\u00a0\u2013\r\nBrake-by-wire:\u00a0a system of electronic wires that, when brake pedal is pushed, measures electrical resistance and sends signals to the cars computer, which calculates applied force and applies it to the hydraulic pump system\r\nAntilock Braking System (ABS):\u00a0an electrical control unit, hydraulic actuator and individual wheel speed sensors that work together to prevent brakes from locking up when they are slammed on by rapidly pumping brakes when a potential lockup is detected; each wheel is controlled individually to maintain traction.\r\nAdvanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS):\u00a0an autonomous safety system that employs sensors to monitor a vehicles proximity to others in the vicinity and automatically applies emergency braking mechanisms to avoid an imminent collision.\r\n5 . PARKING BRAKES\u00a0-\u00a0A parking brake allows for a vehicle to remain stationary when parked on an incline or flat surface, and prevents rolling while a vehicle is not in operation. The parking brake is usually operated by a small pedal near the driver\u2019s side door beneath the steering column, or by a lever in the center console, either requiring mechanical force to operate. Some newer-model vehicles have replaced these devices with a simple button.\r\n6.\u00a0EMERGENCY BRAKES\u00a0-\u00a0The parking brakes double as emergency brakes, so the mechanisms used to control both are the same. The difference in the terms is situational, and the way the vehicle responds when using the parking brake as an emergency brake can be extremely different","headline":"Types of Brakes | Different types of Braking System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/brake-diagram-300x219.jpg","height":219,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-types-of-suspension-systems-in-a-vehicle/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Front-Suspension-System-300x156.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-types-of-suspension-systems-in-a-vehicle/">What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
The chassis of vehicle is connected to the front and rear wheels through the medium of springs, shock absorbers and axles....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-types-of-suspension-systems-in-a-vehicle/" aria-label="View Post: What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-are-the-types-of-suspension-systems-in-a-vehicle\/","articleBody":"What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle\r\nSUSPENSION SYSTEM\r\nThe chassis of vehicle is connected to the front and rear wheels through the medium of springs, shock absorbers and axles. All parts perform the function of protecting parts from shocks are known as suspension system.\r\nThe automobile chassis is indirectly connected with axles by springs. It is done to prevent the vehicle body from road shocks due to bounce, pitch, roll or sway. These road shocks provide an uncomfortable ride and also additional stress to the automobile frame and body.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system\r\nTypes of Suspension System\r\nGenerally, the following two basic types of suspension system are given below.\r\n\r\n(i) Front end suspension\r\n(a) Independent front suspension\r\n(b) Rigid axle front suspension\r\n\r\n(ii) Rear end suspension\r\n(a) Longitudinal leaf spring rear suspension\r\n(b) Transverse leaf spring rear suspension\r\n(c) Coil spring rear end suspension.\r\n\r\nFront suspension system\r\nIndependent Front Suspension\r\nThe independent front suspension was developed in the 1930's to improve vehicle ride control and riding comfort. In this type of suspension, each front wheel is mounted on its own axle and independently supported by a coil or torsion bar or leaf spring. This allows the wheels to respond individually to road conditions. Now-a-days, all vehicles use this suspension system. Coil springs are commonly used in this suspension system. This suspension system completely prevents the wheel wobble. A greater wheel movement is utilized without affecting the steering system. The steering conditions and qualities are improved by a wider spacing of the front springs.\r\n\r\nTypes of independent front suspensions:\r\n1. Longitudinal suspension\r\n2. Transverse suspension\r\n3. Sliding suspension\r\n4. Mac Pherson Strut and link type suspension\r\n5. Parallelogram type suspension or Wishbone type\r\n6. Trailing link type suspension\r\n7. Vertical guide suspension.\r\n\r\nRigid Axle Front Suspension\r\n\r\nRigid axle front suspension is also called as dependent front suspension. This type of suspension uses a solid axle. This type of suspension has been universally used before drawing the independent front wheel suspension. This design consists of one steel or aluminium beam extending the width of the vehicle. This beam is held in place by leaf springs. This design also uses kingpins and bushings to attach the wheels outboard of the axle. Because of its load carrying ability, the solid axle is only used on heavy trucks, and off-road vehicles. It is not suitable for use on modern passenger cars for three important reasons.\r\n\r\nrear suspension system","headline":"What are the types of suspension systems in a vehicle","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Front-Suspension-System-300x156.png","height":156,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-suspension-system-function-of-suspension-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/suspension-system-196x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-suspension-system-function-of-suspension-system/">What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system
SUSPENSION SYSTEM
The chassis of vehicle is connected to the front and rear wheels through the medium of springs, shock absorbers and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-suspension-system-function-of-suspension-system/" aria-label="View Post: What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-suspension-system-function-of-suspension-system\/","articleBody":"What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system\r\nSUSPENSION SYSTEM\r\nThe chassis of vehicle is connected to the front and rear wheels through the medium of springs, shock absorbers and axles. All parts perform the function of protecting parts from shocks are known as suspension system.\r\nThe automobile chassis is indirectly connected with axles by springs. It is done to prevent the vehicle body from road shocks due to bounce, pitch, roll or sway. These road shocks provide an uncomfortable ride and also additional stress to the automobile frame and body.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Introduction To Automobile Suspension System\r\n\r\nSuspension system has a spring and damper. The energy of road shock produced by the spring oscillates. These oscillations are arrested by the damper known as shock absorber.\r\n\r\nsuspension system\r\n\u00a0Components of Suspension System\r\n1. Springs are used to neutralize the shocks from the road surface.\r\n2. Dampers, called shock absorbers, are used to improve a riding comfort by limiting the free oscillation of springs.\r\n3. Stabilizer, called sway bar or anti-roll bar, is to prevent lateral swinging of the car.\r\n4. A linkage system holds above components to control the longitudinal and lateral movements of wheels.\r\n\u00a0Functions or Objectives of Suspension System\r\n1. To eliminate road shocks from transmission to vehicle components.\r\n2. To obtain good road holding while driving, cornering and braking.\r\n3. To keep the proper steering geometry.\r\n4. To obtain a particular height to body structure.\r\n5. To resist the torque and braking reactions.\r\n8. To maintain the stability of the vehicle while traveling over rough round or when turning in order to minimize the rolling, pitching or vertical movement tendency.\r\n9. To safeguard the occupants against road shocks and provide a riding comfort.\r\n10. To minimize the effects of stresses due to road shocks on the mechanism of the motor vehicle and provide a cushioning effect.\r\n11. To keep the body perfectly in level while travelling over rough uneven ground. i.e. the up and down movements of wheels should be relative to the body.\r\n12. To prevent the structure of the vehicle from shock loading and vibration due to irregularities of the road surface without impairing its stability.\r\n13. To obtain the requisite height to body structure.\r\n14. To support the body on the axles and keep the proper geometrical relationship between the body and wheels.\r\nRequirements of Suspension System\r\n1. There should be minimum deflection.\r\n2. It should be of minimum weight.\r\n3. It should have low maintenance and low operating cost.\r\n4. It should have minimum tyre wear.\r\n5. It should be of low initial cost.\r\n\r\nPrinciples of Suspension System\r\n\r\nThe principles of the suspension system are due to springing action of motor vehicles.\r\n\r\n1. Supporting the weight of vehicle.\r\n2.Absorbing satisfactorily larger and smaller road impacts with the help of a single springing device.\r\n3. The reduction of rolling or pitching of the body to a minimum design and attachment of springs.","headline":"What is Suspension System | Function of suspension system","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/suspension-system-196x300.jpg","height":300,"width":196},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/telescopic-shock-absorber-working-diagram-and-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/telescopic-shock-absorber-diagram-241x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Telescopic Shock Absorber &#8211; Function, Working, Diagram, Advantages </span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/telescopic-shock-absorber-working-diagram-and-advantages/">Telescopic Shock Absorber &#8211; Function, Working, Diagram, Advantages </a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Telescopic Shock Absorber:
Function of shock absorber:
The shock absorber is a part of suspension system used as springing device to compromise between flexibility and stiffness. It absorbs the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/telescopic-shock-absorber-working-diagram-and-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Telescopic Shock Absorber &#8211; Function, Working, Diagram, Advantages ">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Telescopic Shock Absorber &#8211; Function, Working, Diagram, Advantages\u00a0","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/telescopic-shock-absorber-working-diagram-and-advantages\/","articleBody":"Telescopic Shock Absorber:\r\nFunction of shock absorber:\r\nThe shock absorber is a part of suspension system used as springing device to compromise between flexibility and stiffness. It absorbs the energy of shock converted into the vertical movement of the axle by providing damping and dissipating the same into heat.\r\nPurpose of shock absorber:\r\n(i) To control the vibrations on springs.\r\n(ii) To provide a comfortable ride.\r\n(iii) To act flexible and to be rigid enough.\r\n(iv) To resist the unnecessary motion of the spring.\r\nConstruction of Shock Absorber :\r\nThe upper eye of the telescopic shock absorber is attached to the axle and the lower eye is attached to the chassis frame as shown in Figure 4.55. A two-way valve V1 is connected to a rod. Another one two-way valve V2 is connected to the lower end of the cylinder. The fluid occupies in the space between above and below the valve VI and also the annular space between the cylinder and tube. A gland is provided on the head. Fluid scrapped out by the rod is brought down into the annular space through the inclined passage.\r\nWorking of Shock Absorber :\r\nWhen the vehicle comes across a bump, the lower eye will move up. So, the fluid follows from the lower side of the valve V1 to the upper side. Due to less volume of the space above valve V1 than the volume of the rod, the pressure is exerted on valve V2 Thus, the damping force is produced by this pressure of the fluid. The fluid will flow from the upper side of the valve V1 to the lower side when the lower eye moves down and from the lower side of the valve V2 to its upper side.\r\nWhen a car absorbs shocks from the road surface, the suspension springs will compress and expand because the spring has the characteristic of continuing to oscillate for a long time of oscillation to stop. So, a riding comfort will be poor even the damp oscillation is supplied. Shock absorbers provide better road-holding characteristics and improved steering stability to tires.\r\n\r\n telescopic shock absorber diagram\r\n\r\nThe stronger is the damping force, the more will be the oscillations of the body. But, the shock from the damping effect becomes greater than the strength of the stronger damping force. The damping force varies with the speed of the piston.\r\nTypes of shock absorbers:\r\n1. Mechanical shock absorber (friction type)\r\n2. Hydraulic shock absorber.\r\n\r\nAgain the hydraulic shock absorbers are further divided into various types.\r\n1. Van type\r\n2. Piston type\r\na. Single-acting\r\nb. Double acting\r\n3. Telescopic type.\r\n\r\n\r\n shock absorber\r\nTwin-Tube or Dual Tube Shock Absorber\r\nIt is the type of shock absorber in which 2 hollow tubes named primary tube and secondary tube or shell are used which are merged together in telescope type fashion i.e. primary tube inside secondary tube or shell.\r\n\r\n \tThe primary tube contains the moving piston, compression valve along with other assembly components and is filled with high viscosity index oil.\r\n \tThe secondary tube or shell contains the primary tube along with low-pressure gas (mostly nitrogen gas).\r\n \tThis whole assembly of twin-tube is surrounded by a coil spring that provides the stiffness and also helps this assembly to regain its initial position after actuation.\r\n\r\nMono-Tube Shock Absorber\r\nIt is the type of shock absorber in which instead of a double tube, a single tube is used inside which the moving piston is placed.\r\n\r\n \tHigh viscosity index oil along with the low-pressure gas (nitrogen in most cases) is filled inside a single tube in a particular proportion.\r\n \tThe oil and gas-filled inside this single tube is separated by a floating piston that is placed airtight inside the tube.\r\n \tThis whole assembly is surrounded by a coil spring same as a twin-tube shock absorber\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Mono-shock suspension system\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. Mono-shock suspension system improves handling of the motorcycle while going over potholes or bad roads as all the force is focused at one point.\r\n2. Due to position of mono-shock suspension is placed ahead of the rear axle at the center of the motorcycle, the movement of the swing arm is not directly transferred to the suspension, this allows a more stability\r\n3. motorcycle performance is more constant than using double shock.\r\n4. More stylish suspension system.\r\nGas-filled mono-tube shocks\r\nTo prevent foaming and bubbles in the oil, which degrades shock-absorber performance, a gas-filled mono-tube shock has a chamber of high-pressure nitrogen above the oil chamber. This high-pressure gas makes it difficult for bubbles to form in the oil, even when the shock absorber moves in and out very quickly, as it might while traveling rapidly on a very rough or washboard road.\r\n\r\n gas-filled shock absorber Diagram\r\n\r\nGas-filled shocks are expensive since they require strict manufacturing tolerances, but they are very resistant to fade and consequently are popular in off-road racing and rallying. Gas-filled shocks, by the way, are not the same as \u201cair shocks,\u201d which use an air chamber separate from the shock oil. An air shock is actually an air spring that raises or lowers the vehicle when air is added or removed through a valve.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Gas-filled shock absorber\u00a0\r\n\r\nAdvantages of gas-filled shock absorber used at the rear end\r\n\r\n1. The full diameter of the tube can be used as a working chamber and thereby a larger volume of oil becomes available for damping.\r\n2. The larger volume of oil made available in any one stroke because of the adjustments between gas and oil volumes provides a better facility for the damping force.\r\n3. The tolerance to heat in the gas-filled shock absorber is greater.\r\n4. Gas-filled shock absorber gives longer life to tires and other related components in the suspension such as springs, brushes, etc.\r\n5. A gas-filled shock absorber is designed to reduce the foaming of the oil.\r\n6. Provide stability while graduating turns.\r\nDifference between the telescopic shock absorber and gas-filled shock absorber.\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr.No.Telescopic shock absorberGas filled shock absorber\n\n\n\n\n\t1.In this only hydraulic oil is used.In this, both oil and gas are used.\n\n\n\t2.The tolerance to heat is less.The tolerance to heat in gas-filled shock the absorber is greater.\n\n\n\t3.In this foaming of oil may occur.A gas-filled shock absorber is designed to reduce the foaming of the oil.\n\n\n\t4.Atmospheric conditions do not affect the system.The atmospheric condition affects on the system.\n\n\n\t5.The operating cost is lower.The cost of nitrogen gas is more as compared to hydraulic oil.\n\n\n\t6.Maintenance is comparatively easy.Maintenance is difficult as compared to the hydraulic shock absorber.\n\n\n\t7.The damping effect is relatively less.Better damping is obtained.\n\n\n\n\r\nAdvantages of telescopic shock absorber:\r\n1. A large amount of energy is dissipated due to a large volume of fluid displaced without causing a high-temperature rise.\r\n2. There is no wear development in the damper with the absence of connecting arm pivots.\r\n3. The applied force is increased when compared to the indirect-acting type. Low fluid pressure due to the fairly large piston area occurs with reduced levers.\r\n4. The leakage is very less due to lower pressure and absence of the rotating shaft entering the reservoir.\r\n5. The cost is less than springs.\r\n6. No need of topping up is necessary for most of the telescopic dampers.","headline":"Telescopic Shock Absorber &#8211; Function, Working, Diagram, Advantages\u00a0","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"July 2, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/telescopic-shock-absorber-diagram-241x300.jpg","height":300,"width":241},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/atomic-hydrogen-welding-working-advantages-and-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Atomic-hydrogen-welding-principle-300x221.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/atomic-hydrogen-welding-working-advantages-and-application/">Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application 
ATOMIC HYDROGEN WELDING
Atomic Hydrogen Welding (AHW) is a combination of electric are and gas welding technique. It is a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/atomic-hydrogen-welding-working-advantages-and-application/" aria-label="View Post: Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/atomic-hydrogen-welding-working-advantages-and-application\/","articleBody":"Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application \r\nATOMIC HYDROGEN WELDING\r\nAtomic Hydrogen Welding (AHW) is a combination of electric are and gas welding technique. It is a thermo-chemical arc welding process in which the workpieces are joined by heat obtained on passing a stream of hydrogen through an electric are struck between two tungsten electrodes.\r\n\r\nThe arc supplies the energy for a chemical reaction to take place, During the process, more heat is released due to exothermic reaction. The electric arc efficiently breaks up the hydrogen molecules which recombine with tremendous release of heat with the temperature from 3400 to 4000\u00b0C. Without the arc, an oxy-hydrogen torch can only reach 2800 degree C, It is the third hottest flame after di-cyano acetylene at 4987 \u00b0 C and cyanogen at 4525e degree C.\u00a0 An acetylene torch merely reaches 3300\u00b0C. This device is called an atomic hydrogen torch or\r\nnascent hydrogen torch or Langmuir torch. The process was also known as arc-atom welding. Filler rod may or may not be used during welding process.\r\n\r\nAtomic hydrogen welding principle\r\n\r\nThe heat produced by this torch is sufficient to weld tungsten 3422\u00b0C and most of the refractory metal. Hydrogen gas acts as a heating element as well as it acts as shielded gas to protect the molten liquid metal from oxidation and contamination by carbon, nitrogen or oxygen which can severely damage the properties of many metals. It eliminates the need of flux for this purpose.\r\n\r\nThe arc is independently maintained for the workpiece or parts being welded. The hydrogen gas is normally diatomic (H2) but where the temperatures are over 6000\u00b0C near the arc. When the hydrogen strikes a relatively cold surface, it will recombine into its diatomic form releasing the energy associated with the formation of bond. The energy in AHW can easily be varied by changing the distance between arc stream and workpiece surface. This process is being replaced by gas metal-arc welding mainly because of the availability of inexpensive inert gases.\r\n\r\nIn this process, arc is maintained entirely independent of the work or parts being welded. The work is a part of the electrical circuit only to the extent that a portion of the arc comes in contact with the work at which time a voltage exists between work and each electrode.\r\n\r\nIt differs from shielded metal arc welding in which the arc is independent of base metal making electrode holder as a mobile without arc getting extinguished. Thus, heat input to the weld could be controlled by manually to control weld metal properties.\r\n\r\nThe process has the following special features.\r\n\r\n \tHigh heat concentration is obtained.\r\n \tHydrogen acts as a shield against oxidation.\r\n \tFiller metal of base composition could be used.\r\n \tMost of its applications can be met by MIG process. Therefore, it.is not commonly used.\r\n\r\nWorking of Atomic Hydrogen Welding\r\nThe equipment consists of a welding torch with two tungsten electrodes inclined and adjusted to maintain a stable arc as shown in Figure 4.4. Annular nozzles around the tungsten electrodes carry the hydrogen gas supplied from gas cylinders. AC power source is suitable as compared to DC because equal amount of heat will be available at both electrodes. A transformer wjih an open circuit voltage c.f 300 Pis required to strike and maintain the arc.\r\n\r\natomic hydrogen welding setup\r\n\r\nThe workpieces are cleaned to remove dirt, oxides and other impurities to obtain a sound weld. Hydrogen gas supply and welding cunent are switched ON. An arc is struck by bringing two tungsten electrodes in contact with each other and instantaneously separated by a small distance of 1.5 mm. Therefore, the arc still remains between two electrodes.\r\n\r\nAs the jet of hydrogen gas is passed through the electric arc, it disassociates into atomic hydrogen by absorbing large amounts of heat supplied by the electric arc.\r\n\r\nH2aBH + H = 422 kJ (Endothermic Reaction)\r\nAdvantages, Limitations and Applications of Atomic Hydrogen Welding\r\nAdvantages of Atomic Hydrogen Welding:\r\n1. Welding process is faster.\r\n2. During the process, intense flame is obtained which can be concentrated at the joint. Hence, less distortion occurs.\r\n3. There is no requirement of separate flux and shielding gas or flux. The hydrogen envelop itself prevents oxidation of the metal and tungsten electrode. It also reduces the risk of nitrogen pick-up.\r\n4. Workpiece do not form a part of the electric circuit. Hence, problems such as striking the arc and maintaining the arc column are eliminated.\r\n5. Welding of thin materials is also possible which may not be successfully carried out by metallic arc welding.\r\n6. The workpiece does not form a part of the electrical circuit. The arc remains between two tungsten electrodes, and it can be moved to other places easily without getting extinguished.\r\nLimitations of Atomic Hydrogen Welding :\r\n1. The post of welding is high when compared to the other process.\r\n2. Welding process is limited to flat positions only.\r\n3. The process cannot be used for depositing large quantities of metals.\r\n4. Welding speed is less when compared to metallic arc or MIG welding.\r\nApplications of Atomic Hydrogen Welding: :\r\n1. These welding processes are used in welding of tool steels which contains tungsten, nickel and molybdenum. .\r\n2.They are used in joining parts, hard surfacing and repairing of dies and tools.\r\n3. Atomic hydrogen welding is used where rapid welding is necessary in stainless steels, non-ferrous metals and other special alloys.","headline":"Atomic Hydrogen Welding | Working , Advantages and Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Atomic-hydrogen-welding-principle-300x221.jpg","height":221,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-roll-welding-diagram-advantages-and-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/roll-welding-300x172.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-roll-welding-diagram-advantages-and-application/">What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application
Roll welding is a solid state welding process in which pressure sufficient to cause coalescence is applied by means of rolls, as shown in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-roll-welding-diagram-advantages-and-application/" aria-label="View Post: What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-roll-welding-diagram-advantages-and-application\/","articleBody":"What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application\r\nRoll welding is a solid state welding process in which pressure sufficient to cause coalescence is applied by means of rolls, as shown in Figure 3.20, either with or without external heat. If the welding is done without applying heat, it is called cold roll welding and if the heat is used for welding, it is called hot roll welding. This process is similar to forge welding except the pressure applied by means of rolls rather than by means of hammer blows. Coalescence occurs at the interface between two parts by means of diffusion at the faying surfaces. Parts to be welded should be ductile and free of work hardening. Before the welding is carried out, the surface to be joined should be cleaned. If the parts to be welded are small, the pressure applied by rolls is done by using simple hand operated tools. For heavier sizes of parts, power presses are used to apply pressure.\r\n\r\n roll welding\r\n\r\nOne of the major uses of this process is the cladding of mild or low-alloy steel with a high-alloy material such as stainless steel. It is also used for making bimetallic materials for the instrument industry.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of roll welding:\r\n1. Metals such as soft aluminium, copper, gold and silver can be easily welded by roll welding.\r\n2. The operation is easy and it uses simple equipment.\r\n3. There is no need of using flux and filler metal.\r\n4. Environmentally friendly process i.e. no fumes, gases, or smoke generated.\r\n5. It is smooth and clean process.\r\n6. Less time is required.\r\n\r\nLimitations:\r\n1. It needs extreme pressure to perform the welding process.\r\n2. The cost of equipment is high.\r\n3. Weld quality is less as compared to fusion welding.\r\n4. It is limited to welding of flat shapes.\r\n\r\nApplications of Roll Welding:\r\n\r\n1 . It is used in cladding of stainless steel to mild steel for corrosion resistance.\r\n2. It is used in making bimetallic strips.\r\n3. Roll welding is used to produce sandwich strips to convert it into coins.","headline":"What is Roll Welding | Diagram , advantages and application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/roll-welding-300x172.jpg","height":172,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=71">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=70"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>70</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=71"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>71</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>72</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=73"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>73</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=74"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>74</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=73">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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