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class="excerpt"><p>Selection criteria of sensors for mechatronics system
SELECTION OF SENSORS
A number of static, dynamic and other factors must be considered in selecting suitable sensor to measure the desired...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/selection-criteria-of-sensors-for-mechatronics-system/" aria-label="View Post: Selection criteria of sensors for mechatronics system">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Selection criteria of sensors for mechatronics system","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/selection-criteria-of-sensors-for-mechatronics-system\/","articleBody":"Selection criteria of sensors for mechatronics system\r\nSELECTION OF SENSORS\r\nA number of static, dynamic and other factors must be considered in selecting suitable sensor to measure the desired physical parameter.\r\n\r\nselection criteria for sensor\r\n\r\nThe following factors are considered while selecting sensors.\r\n\r\n1. Accuracy required: \r\n\r\nIt is the difference between measured value and true value. Accuracy of the sensor should be as high as possible.\r\n\r\n2. Precision: \r\n\r\nIt is the ability to reproduce repeatedly with a given accuracy. It should be Very high. Error between sensed and actual values should approach zero.\r\n\r\n3. Sensitivity: \r\n\r\nIt is the ratio of change in output to a unit change of the input. It should be chosen to allow sufficient output.\r\n\r\n4. Operating range: \r\n\r\nIt is the difference between maximum and minimum value of the sensed parameter. Sensors should have wide operating range and good accuracy over the range.\r\n\r\n5. Resolution: \r\n\r\nIt is the smallest change in the sensor which can differentiate. Sensors should have high resolution.\r\n\r\n6. Speed response: \r\n\r\nTime taken by the sensor to respond should be minimum. Response time should be very less.\r\n\r\n7. Reliability: \r\n\r\nReliability of the sensor should be high. Mean time to failure (MTTF) should be high. It results the increased life.\r\n\r\n8. Maintenance should also be easy and frequency of maintenance required should be less over the period.\r\n\r\n9. Calibration: \r\n\r\nSensors need frequent calibration for many reasons. Hence, it should be easy to calibrate. Drift should be as minimum as possible.\r\n\r\n10. Cost: \r\n\r\nCost of the sensor should be low.\r\n\r\n11. The nature of output required from the sensor whether the digital or analog has to be considered while selecting a sensor.\r\n\r\n12. Linearity: \r\n\r\nSensor\u2019s curve should linear. The percentage of deviation from the best-fit linear calibration curve should be less.\r\n\r\n13. Environmental conditions:\r\n\r\n Sensors should operate over wide environmental conditions such as temperature, corrosion, pressure, shocks etc.\r\n\r\n14. Interfacing: \r\n\r\nSensors should be compatible with different instruments for interfacing.\r\n\r\n15. Size and weight: \r\n\r\nSensors should have small size and less weight.","headline":"Selection criteria of sensors for mechatronics system","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/selection-criteria-for-sensor-300x176.jpg","height":176,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/thermocouple-how-it-works-types-advantages-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/seebek-effect-300x175.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Thermocouple how it works |  Types , advantages , Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/thermocouple-how-it-works-types-advantages-application/">Thermocouple how it works |  Types , advantages , Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Thermocouple how it works | Types , advantages , Application
 THERMOCOUPLE Principle : 
The thermocouple is a device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. Thermocouples are very...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/thermocouple-how-it-works-types-advantages-application/" aria-label="View Post: Thermocouple how it works |  Types , advantages , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Thermocouple how it works |  Types , advantages , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/thermocouple-how-it-works-types-advantages-application\/","articleBody":"Thermocouple how it works | Types , advantages , Application\r\n\u00a0THERMOCOUPLE Principle :\u00a0\r\nThe thermocouple is a device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. Thermocouples are very simple and durable temperature sensors. Thermocouples use a junction of dissimilar metals to generate a voltage proportional to temperature. Thermocouples are based on the Seebeck effect. In 1821, a physicist T.J. Seebeck discovered that \u201cwhen two conductors of dissimilar metals are joined together to form a loop and two unequal temperatures are interposed at the junctions, then an e.mf will exist between two points A and B which is primarily a function of the junction temperature\u201d. It is known as thermoelectric effect or Seebeck effect.\r\n\r\nFigure 1.44 illustrates Seebeck effect where two dissimilar metals A and B are used to close the loop connecting junctions at two different temperatures T1 and T2. The e.m.f. produced is found to be almost linear in temperature and very repetitive for constant materials. The e.m.f. produced by the thermocouple loop is approximately given by\r\n\r\nseebeck effect\r\n\r\nThe amount of current which is produced is depending on the temperature difference between measurement and reference junction. The characteristics are two metals and attached circuit.\r\nTypes of Thermocouple :\r\nThermocouples come with different pairings of materials allowing for a very wide range of applications. The different compositions are standardized into thermocouple types. The different types are given letter names which are standardized across the industry.\r\n\r\nthermocouple types\r\n\r\nTable 1.4 shows different thermocouple junction types and the normal temperature ranges. They are usually selected based on the temperature range and sensitivity needed. Thermocouples with low sensitivities (B, R and S types) have correspondingly lower resolutions. Other selection criteria include the inertness of the thermocouple material and whether or not it is magnetic.\r\nThermocouple Construction :\r\nFigure 1.47 shows the internal construction of a typical thermocouple. The leads of the thermocouple are encased in a rigid metal sheath. The measuring junction is normally formed at the bottom of the thermocouple housing. Magnesium oxide surrounds the thermocouple wires to prevent vibration that could damage fine wires and to enhance heat transfer between measuring junction and medium surrounding the thermocouple.\r\n\r\nconstruction of thermocouple\r\n\r\n Figure 1.48 illustrates simple thermocouple circuit. Heating the measuring\u00a0 junction of the thermocouple produces a voltage which is greater than voltage across the reference junction. The difference between two voltages is proportional to the difference in temperature and it can be measured on the voltmeter (in mill volts). For ease of operator use, some voltmeters are set up to read out directly in temperature through use of electronic circuitry\r\n\r\nsimple thermocouple circuit\r\n\r\nA series of thermocouples connected together in series produces a higher voltage called thermopile. In thermopiles, all hot junctions are exposed to high temperature and all cold junctions are exposed to low temperature. The voltages of individual thermocouples add up in allowing for a larger voltage and increased power output. Thus, it increases the sensitivity of the instrumentation. Readings can approach an accuracy of 0.5%.\r\n\r\nApplications of thermocouples\r\n\r\n \tTwo common applications of thermocouples are measuring room temperature and monitoring the presence of a pilot light in gas-fed heating appliances such as ovens and water heaters. The other applications are listed below.\r\n \tType S, R and K thermocouples are used extensively in steel and iron industries to monitor temperatures and chemistry throughout the steel making process.\r\n \tThermopiles are used for measuring the intensity of incident radiation typically, visible or infrared light which heats the hot junctions while the cold junctions are on a heat sink.\r\n \tThermocouples can generally be used in the testing of prototype electrical and mechanical apparatus. Example: monitoring the switchgears during its heat run test.\r\n \tChemical production and petroleum refineries use the number of thermocouples for logging and limit testing the many temperatures associated with a process.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of thermocouples\r\n\r\n \tIt is simple in construction\r\n \tIt is inexpensive\r\n \tIt is rugged in construction\r\n \tIt has wide variety to choose for particular applications\r\n \tIt has wide temperature range\r\n \tIt has the ability to withstand mechanical and electrical stresses.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of thermocouples ;\r\n\r\n \tIt is highly non-linear behavior over its range of operation\r\n \tIt is capable of generating low voltage\r\n \tIt has low stability\r\n \tReference source is required\r\n \tIt is least sensitive.","headline":"Thermocouple how it works |  Types , advantages , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/seebek-effect-300x175.jpg","height":175,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-thermistor-types-of-thermistor-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/thermistor-principle-300x155.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Thermistor | Types, Diagram, Working, Advantages, Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-thermistor-types-of-thermistor-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Thermistor | Types, Diagram, Working, Advantages, Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Thermistor
What is Thermistor :
The thermistor is a word formed by combining thermal with a resistor. Thermistors such as RTDs are temperature - sensitive resistors. Thermistors are...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-thermistor-types-of-thermistor-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Thermistor | Types, Diagram, Working, Advantages, Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Thermistor | Types, Diagram, Working, Advantages, Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-thermistor-types-of-thermistor-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"What is Thermistor\r\nWhat is Thermistor :\r\nThe thermistor is a word formed by combining thermal with a resistor. Thermistors such as RTDs are temperature - sensitive resistors. Thermistors are non-linear devices. Their resistance will decrease with an increase in temperature but at a much faste\/rate than that of RTDs. The resistance can change by more than 1000 times. As a result, thermistors can sense minute changes in temperature which are undetected RTDs and thermocouples. The basic equation is given by \r\n\r\nthermistor principle\r\n\r\nThermistors are small and inexpensive devices that are most commonly made of metal oxides such as those of chromium, nickel, manganese, and cobalt. The metals are oxidized through a chemical reaction, ground to a fine powder, then compressed and subject to very high heat. Theses oxides are semiconductors.\r\nBasic Principle of Thermistors :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThermistors are non-metallic resistors that is semiconductors of a ceramic material having a negative coefficient of resistance.\r\n \tWhen the thermistor is subjected to a temperature change, the resistance of the thermistor changes. This change in resistance of the thermistor becomes a measure of the change in temperature when calibrated.\r\n \tThe resistance of the thermistor decreases with an increase in temperature and vice-versa.\r\n\r\nParts Of Thermistors :\u00a0\r\nThe main parts of a thermistor are as follows:\r\n\r\n \tA metal tube which houses a thermistor sensing element.\r\n \tAn insulation separates the thermistor sensing element from the metal tube.\r\n \tLead wires are drawn out from the thermistor sensing element as shown in the diagram.\r\n \tThe metal tube, sensing element, and leads together become a thermistor used to measure temperature.\r\n \tThe leads of the thermistor are connected to a wheat stone bridge as shown in the diagram.\r\n\r\nThermistor Diagram ;\u00a0\r\nthermistor diagram\r\nWorking Of thermistor :\u00a0\r\nThe procedure for measuring temperature in an as follows:\r\n\r\n \tA known constant current is passed through the thermistor sensing element and the initial resistance of the thermistor sensing element is measured using the wheat stone bridge.\r\n \tNow the thermistor is introduced into the medium whose temperature is to be measured. Due to a change in temperature (assume the change is in the positive direction), the sensing element changes (decreases). (It should be noted that the same constant current is passed through the sensing element during measurement).\r\n \tNow this change in resistance of the sensing element of the thermistor is measured using the wheat stone bridge. This change in resistance becomes a measure of temperature when calibrated.\r\n\r\nRead more :\r\n\r\nResistance temperature Detector ( RTD) | Diagram and Advantages\r\nWhat is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors\r\nTypes of Thermistors :\r\nThere are two types of thermistors based on the lead attachment: \r\n\r\n1. Beads and\r\n2. Metallized surface-contact. \r\n\r\nBead types have platinum wires sintered into a ceramic body ( bead ) as shown in figure . (a)\u00a0 Metallized surface-contact thermistors are called chips or flakes. In contrast to bead types, leads are not sintered directly into the ceramic. Instead, the sintered ceramic is coated with a metallic contact shown in Figure 1.43(b). Either the chip manufacturer or user attaches leads to this contact. One advantage of chip thermistors over bead types is that chips are easily trimmed by cutting or grinding. Thus, they are easy to match and therefore, they are interchangeable. While matched bead thermistors are available, they cost more than interchangeable chips.\r\n\r\ntypes of thermistor\r\n\r\nThermistors can be classified into two types depending on the temperature coefficient of resistance ( kf\u00a0 )\u00a0 If k is positive, the resistance will increase with increasing temperature and the device is called positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor or posistor. If k is negative, the resistance will decrease with' increasing temperature and the device is called negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor. NTC thermistors are mostly used in temperature sensing devices whereas PTC thermistors are mostly used in electric current control devices.\r\nAdvantages of thermistors\r\n\r\n \tIt produces more accurate output and fast.\r\n \tIt is suitable for the usage in remote location.\r\n \tIt can be manufactured in almost any shape and size.\r\n \tA high degree of accuracy is obtained.\r\n \tGood stability and repeatability are ensured.\r\n \tIt has the ability to withstand mechanical and electrical stresses.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of thermistors\r\n\r\n \tIt produces highly non-linear behavior over its range of operation.\r\n \tIt has a limited measuring range.\r\n \tSelf-heating may occur.\r\n \tA power supply is required.\r\n \tIt is fragile in nature.\r\n\r\nApplications of thermisters :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tAs the thermistors have good sensitivity, they are used for measuring varying temperatures.\r\n \tThey are used for temperature compensation in electronic equipment.\r\n \tThey are used in time delay circuits.\r\n \tThey are used to measure thermal conductivity.\r\n \tThey are used to measure the pressure and flow of liquids.\r\n \tUsed in precision temperature measurement (in the range of 100 degrees C to 300 degrees C).","headline":"Thermistor | Types, Diagram, Working, Advantages, Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 19, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/thermistor-principle-300x155.jpg","height":155,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/resistance-temperature-detector-rtd-diagram-and-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/construction-of-a-resistance-temperature-detector-300x94.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Resistance temperature Detector &#8211; Diagram, Principle, Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/resistance-temperature-detector-rtd-diagram-and-advantages/">Resistance temperature Detector &#8211; Diagram, Principle, Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Resistance temperature detector ( RTD) 
When a metal wire is heated the resistance increases. So, a temperature can be measured using the resistance of a wire. RTD incorporates pure metals or...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/resistance-temperature-detector-rtd-diagram-and-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Resistance temperature Detector &#8211; Diagram, Principle, Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Resistance temperature Detector &#8211; Diagram, Principle, Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/resistance-temperature-detector-rtd-diagram-and-advantages\/","articleBody":"Resistance temperature detector ( RTD)\u00a0\r\nWhen a metal wire is heated the resistance increases. So, a temperature can be measured using the resistance of a wire. RTD incorporates pure metals or certain alloys that increases resistance as temperature increases and it conversely decreases resistance as temperature decreases. RTDs act similar to an electrical transducer.and it converts changes the temperature to voltage signals by the measurement of resistance.\r\n\r\nThe metals that are best suited for use as RTD sensors are pure of uniform quality and stable within to given range of temperature and able to give reproducible resistance- temperature readings. Only a few metals have the properties necessary for use in RTD elements. ,\r\n\r\nRTD elements are normally constructed of platinum, copper, nickel or nickel-iron alloys.\r\n\r\nRead more :\r\n\r\nWhat is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors\r\nBimetallic strip - Working , advantages and Disadvantages\r\nWorking principle of RTD\r\nResistance thermometers or resistance temperature detector works on the principle of positive temperature coefficient of resistance i.e. as temperature increases, resistance offered by thermometer also increases.\r\nThe resistance element of platinum and iron metal wire is wrapped around an electrically insulating support of glass, ceramic or mic and from the outside, the protective sheath of metallic tube can be provided. The lead wires are taken out from the resistance elements which are joined to the circuitry.\r\n\r\n principle of RTD\r\nRTD \u00a0formula\r\nThe resistance thermometers which are alternatively known as RTD works on the principle that \u201c the resistance of a metal varies with a change in temperature\u201d according to the relation as,\u00a0\r\nRT =R0[1+\u03b1(T-T0)]\r\nRT : Resistance at temperature ( T)\r\nR0 : Resistance at temperature ( 0\u02daC)\r\n\u03b1 : Temp. coeff.\r\nT: temp( \u02daC)\r\nT0 : Initial temp.\r\n\r\nTo measure the change in the resistance bridge network is used.\r\nThe resistance thermometer is connected to one of the arms of the Wheatstone bridge circuit when resistance thermometer is subjected to temperature variation, the Wheatstone bridge gets unbalanced. The galvanometer deflection can be directly calibrated to give temperature.\r\nRTD Diagram :\u00a0\r\n construction of a resistance temperature detector\r\n\r\nFigure shows the construction of an RTD. It has a resistor element connected to a Wheatstone bridge. The element and the connection leads are insulated and protected by a sheath. A small amount of current is continuously passing through the coil. As the temperature changes the resistance of the coil changes which is detected at the Wheatstone bridge.\r\n\r\nRTDs are used in the form of thin films, wire wound, or coil. They are generally made of metals such as platinum, nickel, or nickel-copper alloys. Platinum wire held by a high-temperature glass adhesive in a ceramic tube is used to measure the temperature in a metal furnace.\r\nConstruction of RTD :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tCoiled Platinum element.\r\n \tPlatinum due to Linearity and Chemical inertness.\r\n \tPlatinum is coiled on ceramic mandrel.\r\n \tCoiled platinum protected by s.s metal sheath.\r\n \tCeramic or mica powder insulates the leads.\r\n \tThe leads connected in Wheatstone bridge.\r\n \tThe lead wires are usually of higher diameter than the diameter of the sensor wire to reduce the lead wire resistance.\r\n\r\nWorking Of RTD :\r\n\r\n \tSteel protective sheath detects the temperature and transfer it to the platinum filament.\r\n \tThe change in the resistance value of the Platinum coil is very small with respect to the temperature.\r\n \tSo, the RTD value is measured by using a bridge circuit.\r\n \tTemperature is determined by converting the RTD resistance value using a calibration expression.\r\n \tDummy wire reduces impedance effect and so the error.\r\n\r\nApplications of RTD :\u00a0\r\nApplications of Resistance temperature detector are as follows,\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tAir conditioning and refrigeration servicing\r\n \tFood Processing\r\n \tStoves and grills\r\n \tTextile production\r\n \tPlastics processing\r\n \tPetrochemical processing\r\n \tMicroelectronics\r\n \tAir, gas and liquid temperature measurement in pipes and tanks\r\n \tExhaust gas temperature measurement\r\n\r\nAdvantages of RTD :\r\nAdvantages of Resistance temperature detector are as follows,\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tIt is suitable for measuring high temperatures\r\n \tIt has a high degree of accuracy\r\n \tIt ensures good stability and repeatability\r\n \tIt does not need a reference temperature junction\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of RTD :\r\n\r\n \tSize is more than the thermocouple\r\n \tPower supply is required\r\n \tIt needs an auxiliary apparatus to get the required form of output\r\n \tResistance element is more expensive than a thermocouple","headline":"Resistance temperature Detector &#8211; Diagram, Principle, Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/construction-of-a-resistance-temperature-detector-300x94.jpg","height":94,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bimetallic-strip-working-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/bimetallic-strip-300x129.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Bimetallic strip &#8211; Working , advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bimetallic-strip-working-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Bimetallic strip &#8211; Working , advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Bimetallic strip - Working , advantages and Disadvantages
BIMETALLIC STRIPS
Bimetallic strip thermometers are mechanical thermometers. They are widely used in industry for temperature control...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bimetallic-strip-working-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Bimetallic strip &#8211; Working , advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Bimetallic strip &#8211; Working , advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/bimetallic-strip-working-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Bimetallic strip - Working , advantages and Disadvantages\r\nBIMETALLIC STRIPS\r\nBimetallic strip thermometers are mechanical thermometers. They are widely used in industry for temperature control because of their robustness, temperature range and simplicity. It consists of a bimetallic strip which is made of two dissimilar' metals bonded together with one end fixed and the other free. A bimetallic strip is used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The principle is that as the temperature changes, one strip will expand more than the other causing the pair to bend at the free end. Most bimetallic strips use a high thermal expansion alloy such as steel or stainless steel coupled with a low thermal expansion alloy such as Invar. Steel and copper or in some cases, brass is also used instead of copper for bimetallic strips.\r\n\r\nFigure 1.40 shows the configuration of bimetallic temperature controlled switch or thermostat. The metal with the higher coefficient of thermal expansion is on the outer side of the curve when the strip is heated and it is lower on the inner side when cooled. When the temperature of the switch is increased, the thermal expansion material will be higher than other side of low thermal expansion material. It causes the strip to bend upward in making contact so that the cunent can flow. By adjusting the size of the gap between strip and contact, the temperature can be adjusted or set.\r\n\r\nSee More :\u00a0What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors\r\n\r\n bimetallic strip\r\nAdvantages of bimetallic strips\r\n\r\n \tPower source is not required\r\n \tCost is low\r\n \tIt is robust construction\r\n \tIt is easy to use and it can be used up to 500\u00b0C.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of bimetallic strips\r\n\r\n \tIt is less accurate\r\n \tIt is limited to applications where manual reading is acceptable, e.g. a household thermometer.\r\n \tIt is not suitable for very low temperatures because the expansion of metals tend to be too smaller. So, the device becomes a rather insensitive thermometer.","headline":"Bimetallic strip &#8211; Working , advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/bimetallic-strip-300x129.jpg","height":129,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-temperature-sensor-types-of-temperature-sensors/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/thermocouple-circuit-300x200.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-temperature-sensor-types-of-temperature-sensors/">What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors
What is temperature Sensor : 
Temperature measurements are most widely monitored parameter in science and industry. Temperature is defined...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-temperature-sensor-types-of-temperature-sensors/" aria-label="View Post: What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-temperature-sensor-types-of-temperature-sensors\/","articleBody":"What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors\r\nWhat is temperature Sensor :\u00a0\r\nTemperature measurements are most widely monitored parameter in science and industry. Temperature is defined as the average kinetic energy of individual molecules that comprise the system. As the temperature increases, the molecular activity will also increase and thus, the average kinetic energy increases. Most of the temperature measuring or monitoring systems use the principle of expansion or contraction of liquids, gases, or solids. Most often, a simple mercury thermometer is needed to measure the fluid or process temperature. This uses the principle of expansion or contraction of liquid to measure the change in temperature. There are also other techniques such as change in electrical resistance of conductors and semiconductors and thermoelectric e.m.f. used to measure the temperature.\r\nFunction Of temperature Sensor :\r\nA Sensor is nothing but a measuring device which senses a parameter e.g. temprature, pressure, force, mass etc. and converts the same into a signal usually digital ( though analogue is also possible ) the signal is then sent to a convertor to convert the same into a human readable form the same is then displayed through a display unit. As far as temprature measurement is concerned there are 7 basic types of temprature sensors Thermocouple, Electrical Resistivity ( change) Sensor, Infra Red sensors, Bi Metalic strips, Change of State Sensors, thermometers and Silicon Diode ( mainly for cryogenic applications ). The type of sensor to be used would depend on the application, the maximum and minimum temprature to be measured, the medium on which measurement is to be carried out, the distance the signal should travel, the requirled precision ( least count ), the purpose i.e. Is it nearly for display or is the data being used for some other control or analysis operation.\r\nTypes of Temperature Sensor :\r\nThe following are the common methods used to measure the temperature which are described in detail.\r\n\r\n1. Bimetallic strips\r\n2. Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)\r\n3. Thermistors\r\n4. Thermocouples\r\n5. Thermo diodes and transistors.\r\n\r\nThermocouple\r\n\r\nThermocouples are the most popular temperature sensors. They are inexpensive, interchangeable, have standard connectors and can measure a wide range of temperatures. Their main limitation is accuracy as the system errors of less than 1\u00b0C can be difficult to achieve. Following figure represents internal construction of thermocouple and its circuitry.\r\n\r\n thermocouple circuit\r\nResistance Temperature Detector (RTD)\r\nThe RTD incorporates pure metals or certain alloys that increase in resistance as temperature increases and, conversely, decrease in resistance as temperature decreases. RTDs act somewhat like an electrical transducer, converting changes in temperature to voltage signals by the measurement of resistance. The metals that are best suited for use as RTD sensors are pure, of uniform quality, stable within a given range of temperature, and able to give reproducible resistance-temperature readings. RTD elements are normally constructed of platinum, copper, or nickel.\r\nBimetallic strips\r\nBimetallic strips are used as thermal switch in controlling the temperature or heat in a manufacturing process or system. It contains two different metal strips bonded together. The metals have different coefficients of expansion. On heating the strips bend into curved strips with the metal with higher coefficient of expansion on the outside of the curve.\r\nThermistors\r\nThermistors follow the principle of decrease in resistance with increasing temperature. The material used in thermistor is generally a semiconductor material such as a sintered metal oxide (mixtures of metal oxides, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese and nickel) ordoped polycrystalline ceramic containing barium titanate (BaTiO3) and other compounds. As the temperature of semiconductor material increases the number of electrons able to move about increases which results in more current in the material and reduced resistance.Thermistors are rugged and small in dimensions. They exhibit nonlinear response characteristics.","headline":"What is Temperature Sensor | Types of Temperature Sensors","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/thermocouple-circuit-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=74">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=73"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>73</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=74"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>74</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>75</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=76"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>76</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=77"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>77</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=76">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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