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OPEN-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS
Open loop systems are systems in which the output of a system is not used as a variable to control the system....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-between-open-loop-and-closed-loop-control-system/" aria-label="View Post: Difference between open loop and closed loop control system">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference between open loop and closed loop control system","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/difference-between-open-loop-and-closed-loop-control-system\/","articleBody":"Difference between open loop and closed loop control system\r\nOPEN-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS\r\nOpen loop systems are systems in which the output of a system is not used as a variable to control the system. In other words, open loop systems are systems in which input to the system is not controlled by the present output. In an open-loop system, the output of this system is not fed back as input to the system for control or operation. An open system is essentially a feedforward system. The system is an \"open\" system because it does not have, a feedback loop in its control shown in Figure 1.7 There are many reasons to use open loop control such as simplifying the control system, quicker response of the system, reducing the possibility of oscillation and sometimes lowering the cost.\r\nCLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEMS\r\nClosed-loop system uses on a feedback loop to control the operation of the system. In closed loop or feedback control, the controller notices what actually takes place at the output end and it drives the plant in such a way as to obtain the desired output. Closed-loop control systems are the type most commonly used because they respond and move the loads they are controlling quicker and with greater accuracy than open-loop systems. The reason for quicker response and greater accuracy is that an automatic feedback system informs the input that the desired movement has taken.\r\nAdvantages and disadvantages of closed-loop control system\r\nAdvantages\r\n\r\n \tIt is a closed loop control with the appropriate sensor which provides much greater stability\r\n \tIt will also give much better repeatability\r\n \tIt overcomes temperature and hysteresis effects\r\n \tIt can perform a task faster than open-loop\r\n \tGood reliability can be achieved\r\n \tOptimisation in control is possible.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages\r\n\r\n \tGenerally, closed-loop control systems are complicated in construction.\r\n \tThe cost of the system is higher.\r\n \tSometimes, closed loop control systems may become unstable.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Types of control system - Open and Close Loop System\r\nDifference between open loop and closed loop control system\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr. No. Open-loop control systemsClosed-loop control systems\n\n\n\n\n\t1.Open loop operation dose not uses on a feedback to control the operation of the system.\nClosed loop operation uses the feedback system.\n\n\n\n\t2.The effects of known disturbances alone can be countered. Other disturbances cannot be taken into account.\nThe effects of disturbances are countered by virtue of negative feedback.\n\n\n\n\t3.As long as the controlled plant is stable, the control system will not become unstable.\nClosed loop operation can be unstable even if the plant is stable.\n\n\n\n\t4.It is less accurate.It is more accurate.\n\n\n\n\t5.It is simple in construction.It is complicated in construction.\n\n\n\t6.The presence of non-linearities causes malfunctioning.\nUsually, it performs accurately even in the presence of non- linearities.\n\n\n\n\t7.The response is slow because of manual control.\nClosed loop control can perform a task faster than open-loop.\n\n\n\n\t8.Optimisation in control is not possible.\nOptimisation in control is possible.\n\n\n\n\t9.It ensures easy maintenance because of no complex electronic circuits.\nIt is difficult to maintain and repair.\n\n\n\n\t10 .The cost of the system is less.The cost of the system is more.","headline":"Difference between open loop and closed loop control system","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mechatronics-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mechatronics-system-1-290x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mechatronics-system/">Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System
W.Bolton defines, “A mechatronic system is not just a marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and it is more than just a control system;...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mechatronics-system/" aria-label="View Post: Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-mechatronics-system\/","articleBody":"Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System\r\nW.Bolton defines, \u201cA mechatronic system is not just a marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and it is more than just a control system; it is a complete integration of all of them.\u201d From these two definitions more appropriate definition can be derived as \u201cMechatronics is synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics and intelligent computer control in design and manufacture of products\r\nand processes.\u201d\u00a0\r\n\r\nEven though many people believe that the presence of mechanical, electrical, electronic components and computers makes a system mechatronics. Others do not feel the same as there is nothing wrong with the individual identity. Hence, the term mechatronics should be used to represent a different meaning namely, \u201ca design philosophy,\u201d where mechanical, electrical, electronic components and IT should be\r\nconsidered together in the design stage itself to obtain a compact, efficient and economic product rather than designing the components separately.\r\nThe concept of Mechatronics is very important today to meet the customer\u2019s ever increasing demands and still remain competitive in the global market. A mechatronic engineer must be able to design and select mechanical devices, sensors and actuators, analog and digital circuits, microprocessor-based components and control devices such as logic gates to design modem systems.\r\n\r\nmechatronics system\r\nAdvantages of Mechatronics system\r\n\r\n \tIt is cost effective and it can produce high quality products.\r\n \tProduction of parts and products of international standards gives better reputation and return.\r\n \tIt serves effectively for high dimensional accuracy requirements.\r\n \tIt provides high degree of flexibility to modify or redesign the systems. \r\n \tIt provides excellent performance characteristics.\r\n \tIt Results in automation in production, assembly and quality control.\r\n \tMechatronic systems provide the increased productivity in manufacturing organization.\r\n \tReconfiguration feature by pre supplied programs facilitate the low volume production.\r\n \tIt provides higher level of flexibility required for small product cycles.\r\n \tIt provides the possibility of remote controlling as well as centralized monitoring and control. .\r\n \tIt has greater extend of machine utilization.\r\n \tHigher life is expected by proper maintenance and timely diagnosis of the fault.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages Of Mechatronics System\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThe initial cost is high.\r\n \tMaintenance and repair may workout costly.\r\n \tMulti-disciplinary engineering background is required to design and implementation.\r\n \tIt needs highly trained workers to operate.\r\n \tTechno-economic estimation has to be done carefully in the selection of mechatronic system.\r\n \tIt has complexity in identification and correction of problems in the systems.","headline":"Advantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/mechatronics-system-1-290x300.jpg","height":300,"width":290},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-some-example-of-mechatronics-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mechatronics-example-300x200.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What are some Example Of Mechatronics System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-some-example-of-mechatronics-system/">What are some Example Of Mechatronics System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Example Of Mechatronics System
Examples of mechatronics systems are as follows.  Numerical control (NC) and Computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, variable speed drives, flexible...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-some-example-of-mechatronics-system/" aria-label="View Post: What are some Example Of Mechatronics System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What are some Example Of Mechatronics System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-are-some-example-of-mechatronics-system\/","articleBody":"Example Of Mechatronics System\r\nExamples of mechatronics systems are as follows.\r\n\r\n \tNumerical control (NC) and Computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools, variable speed drives, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and automated manufacturing systems (AMS), automated guided vehicles, rapid prototyping and robots.\r\n\r\nCNC machine is the best and basic example of application of Mechatronics in manufacturing automation. Efficient operation of conventional machine tools such as Lathes, milling machines, drilling machine is dependent on operator skill and training. Also a lot of time is consumed in workpart setting, tool setting and controlling the process parameters viz. feed, speed, depth of cut. Thus conventional machining is slow and expensive to meet the challenges of frequently changing product\/part shape and size.\r\n\r\nSee more :\u00a0What is Mechatronics System | Application Of Mechatronics System\r\n\r\nFMS combines microelectronics and mechanical engineering to bring the economies of the scale to batch work. A central online computer controls the machine tools, other work stations, and the transfer of components and tooling. The computer also provides monitoring and information control. This combination of flexibility and overall control makes possible the production of a wide range of products in small numbers.\r\n\r\nIndustrial robots are general-purpose, re-programmable machines which respond to the sensory signals received from the system environment. Based on these signals, robots carry out programmed work or activity. They also take simple independent decisions and communicate\/interact with the other machines and the central computer. Robots are widely employed in the following applications in manufacturing.\r\n\r\nmechatronics example\r\n\r\nAutomatic quality control and inspection systems\r\n\r\nSupply of a good quality product or a system to the market is the basic aim of the manufacturing industry. The product should satisfy the needs of the customers and it must be reliable. To achieve this important product-parameter during a short lead time is really a challenge to the manufacturing industry. This can be achieved by building up the \u2018quality' right from the product design stage; and maintaining the standards during the \u2018production stages' till the product-delivery to the market.\r\n\r\n \tComputers disk drives\r\n \tPhotocopiers, laser printers and fax machines\r\n \tVCR\/DVD drives\r\n \tAutomatic washing machines, dish washer, rice cooker, automatic ovens and modem sewing machines\r\n \tAutomatic teller machine (ATM)\r\n \tCoin counter\r\n \tAutomatic\/digital camera and digital watch \r\n \tAircraft flight control systems such as cockpit control, landing gear control etc.\r\n \tAutomobile applications include electronic engine management system, collision detection, global positioning system, antilock brake system, keyless entry system, cruise control, parking assistance system and others.\r\n \tMedical diagnostic instruments such as CT scan system, automatic blood testing equipment, etc.\r\n \tAutomatic sliding door, vending machines and garage door openers\r\n \tAerospace applications include launching, satellite solar plate extending mechanisms, and many more","headline":"What are some Example Of Mechatronics System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/mechatronics-example-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-mechatronics-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mechatronics-system-144x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What are the basic Elements of Mechatronics System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-mechatronics-system/">What are the basic Elements of Mechatronics System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What are the Basic Elements of Mechatronics System
“Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, and intelligent computer control in the design and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-mechatronics-system/" aria-label="View Post: What are the basic Elements of Mechatronics System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What are the basic Elements of Mechatronics System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-are-the-basic-elements-of-mechatronics-system\/","articleBody":"What are the Basic Elements of Mechatronics System\r\n\u201cMechatronics is the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacture of products and processes.\u201d \r\n\r\nVarious elements in typical mechatronic systems are shown in Figure 1.2 and are described here under.\r\n\r\nmechatronics system\r\n\r\n(i) Actuators and sensors\u00a0\r\n(ii) Signals and conditioning\r\n(iii) Digital logic Systems\r\n(iv) Software and data acquisition systems\r\n(v) Computers and display devices.\r\n(i) Sensors and actuators\r\nSensors and actuators mostly come under mechanical systems. The actuators produce motion or cause some action. The sensors detect the state of the system parameters, inputs, and outputs. The various actuators .used in the mechatronic system are pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, electro-mechanical actuators, electrical motors such as DC motors, AC motors, stepper motors, servomotors, and piezoelectric actuators. The various types of sensors used in the mechatronic system are linear arid rotational sensors, acceleration sensors, force, torque and pressure sensors, flow sensors, temperature sensors, proximity sensors, light sensors.\r\n(ii) Signals and conditioning\u00a0\r\nThe mechatronic systems deal with two types of signals and conditioning such as - input and output. The input devices receive input signals from the mechatronic systems via interfacing devices and sensors. Then it is sent to the control circuits for conditioning or processing. The various input signal conditioning devices used in the mechatronic system are discrete circuits, amplifiers, Analog-to-Digital (A\/D) converters, Digital-to-Digital (DZD) convertors. The output signals from the system are sent to output\/display devices through interfacing devices. The various output signal conditioning devices used in the mechatronic system are Digital-to-Analog (D\/A) converters, Display Decoders (DD) converters, amplifiers, power transistors, and power op-amps.\r\n(iii) Digital logic systems\r\nDigital logic devices control overall system operation. The various digital logic systems used in the mechatronic system are logic circuits, microcontrollers, programmable logic controllers, sequencing and timing controls, and control algorithms.\u00a0\r\n(iv) Software and data acquisition systems\r\nThe data acquisition system acquires the output signals from sensors in the form of voltage, frequency, resistance etc. and it is inputted into the microprocessor or computer. Software is used to control the acquisition of data through DAC board. The data acquisition system consists of a multiplexer, amplifier, register, and control circuitry., and DAC board. The various data acquisition systems used in the mechatronic system is data loggers, computer with plug-in boards, etc.\r\n(v) Computers and display devices\r\nComputers are used to store a large number of data and process further through software. Display devices are used to give visual feedback to the user. The various display devices used in the mechatronic system are LEDs, CRT, LCD, digital displays, etc.\r\n\r\nRead More\u00a0 :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tAdvantages and Disadvantages of Mechatronics System\r\n \tWhat are some Example Of Mechatronics System","headline":"What are the basic Elements of Mechatronics System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"September 12, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/mechatronics-system-144x300.jpg","height":300,"width":144},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-polymers-thermosetting-and-thermoplastic-plastics/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/polymers-300x171.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-polymers-thermosetting-and-thermoplastic-plastics/">What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics
What is Polymers  A polymer is a compound consisting of long-chain molecules, each molecule made up of repeating units connected...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-polymers-thermosetting-and-thermoplastic-plastics/" aria-label="View Post: What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-polymers-thermosetting-and-thermoplastic-plastics\/","articleBody":"What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics\r\nWhat is Polymers\r\n\r\n \tA polymer is a compound consisting of long-chain molecules, each molecule made up of repeating units connected together.\r\n \tThere may be thousands, even millions of units in a single polymer molecule.\r\n \tThe word is derived from the Greek words poly, meaning many, and meros (reduced to mer), meaning part.\r\n \tMost polymers are based on carbon and are therefore considered organic chemicals.\r\n \tPolymers can be separated into plastics and rubbers.\r\n \tAs engineering materials, they are relatively new compared to metals and ceramics, dating only from around the mid-1800 s.\r\n \tIt is appropriate to divide them into the following three categories\r\n\r\n\r\n \tThermoplastic polymers (thermoplastics\/TP)\r\n \tThermosetting polymers (thermosets\/TS)\r\n \tElastomers (rubbers\/E)\r\n\r\npolymers\r\nThermoplastic polymers (thermoplastics)\r\n\r\n \tTP Solid materials at room temperature, but they become viscous liquids when heated to temperatures of only a few hundred degrees.\r\n \tThis characteristic allows them to be easily and economically shaped into products.\r\n \tThey can be subjected to this heating and cooling cycle repeatedly without significant degradation of the polymer.\r\n\r\nThe most important thermoplastics are:\r\n\r\n \tAcrylics (Plexiglas) : lenses, window glazing\r\n \tFluorocarbons (Teflon) : nonstick coatings, bearings, seals\r\n \tPolyamides (Nylons, Kevlar) : fibers\r\n \tPolycarbonates (Lexan) : helmets, bullet-resistance windows, wind-shields\r\n \tPolyesters (Dacron, Mylar, Kodel) : gears, cams, rollers\r\n \tPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) : pipes, cable insulation, packaging, flooring, toys\r\n \tPolyethylene : bottles, cans, packaging materials\r\n\r\nThermosetting polymers (Thermosets)\r\nTS cannot tolerate repeated heating cycles as thermoplastics can. When initially heated, they soften and flow for molding, but the elevated temperatures also produce a chemical reaction.\r\n\r\nThe most important thermosets are:\r\n\r\n \tEpoxies : fiber-reinforced materials\r\n \tPhenolics (Bakelite) : knobs, handles, cases\r\n \tPolyesters : fiber-reinforced materials\r\n \tSilicones : waterproof and heat resistance materials","headline":"What is Polymers | Thermosetting and Thermoplastic plastics","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/polymers-300x171.jpg","height":171,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-major-welding-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/MIG-Welding-application-288x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What are the major welding application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-major-welding-application/">What are the major welding application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What are the major welding application
Welding which is the process of joining two metallic components for the desired purpose, can be defined as the process of joining two similar or dissimilar...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-are-the-major-welding-application/" aria-label="View Post: What are the major welding application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What are the major welding application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-are-the-major-welding-application\/","articleBody":"What are the major welding application\r\nWelding which is the process of joining two metallic components for the desired purpose, can be defined as the process of joining two similar or dissimilar metallic components with the application of heat, with or without the application of pressure and with or without the use of filler metal. Heat may be obtained by chemical reaction, electric arc, electrical resistance, frictional heat, sound and light energy. If no filter metal is used during welding then it is termed as \u2018Autogenous Welding Process'. During \u2018Bronze Age' parts were joined by forge welding to produce tools, weapons and ornaments etc, however, present day welding processes have been developed within a period of about a century.\r\n\r\nRead more about welding :\r\n\r\nGas welding equipment | Basic Of Gas Welding\r\nWelding Basic Interview Question and Answers\r\n\r\nMIG Welding application\r\nWelding Applications\r\nPressure Vessels:\r\nOne of the first major uses of welding was in the fabrication of pressure vessels. Welding made considerable increases in the operating temperatures and pressures possible as compared to riveted pressure vessels.\r\n\r\nBridges:\r\nEarly use of welding in bridge construction took place in Australia . This was due to problems in transporting complete riveted spans or heavy riveting machines necessary for fabrication on site to remote areas. The first all welded bridge was erected in UK in 1934. Since then all welded bridges are erected very commonly and successfully.\r\n\r\nShip Building :\r\nShips were produced earlier by riveting. Over ten million rivets were used in \u2018Queen Mary' ship which required skills and massive organization for riveting but welding would have allowed the semiskilled\/ unskilled labor and the principle of pre-fabrication. Welding found its place in ship building around 1920 and presently all welded ships are widely used. Similarly submarines are also produced by welding.\r\n\r\nBuilding Structures:\r\nArc welding is used for construction of steel building leading to considerable savings in steel and money. In addition to building, huge structures such as steel towers etc also require welding for fabrication.\r\n\r\nAircraft and Spacecraft:\r\nSimilar to ships, aircrafts were produced by riveting in early days but with the introduction of jet engines welding is widely used for aircraft structure and for joining of skin sheet to body. Space vehicles which have to encounter frictional heat as well as low temperatures require outer skin and other parts of special materials. These materials are welded with full success achieving safety and reliability.\r\n\r\nRailways:\r\nRailways use welding extensively for fabrication of coaches and wagons, wheel tyres laying of new railway tracks by mobile flash butt welding machines and repair of cracked\/damaged tracks by thermit welding.\r\n\r\nAutomobiles:\r\nProduction of automobile components like chassis, body and its structure, fuel tanks and joining of door hinges require welding.\r\n\r\nElectrical Industry:\r\nStarting from generation to distribution and utilization of electrical energy, welding plays important role. Components of both hydro and steam power generation system, such as penstocks, water control gates, condensers, electrical transmission towers and distribution system equipment are fabricated by welding. Turbine blades and cooling fins are also joined by welding.\r\n\r\nElectronic Industry:\r\nElectronic industry uses welding to limited extent such as for joining leads of special transistors but other joining processes such as brazing and soldering are widely being used. Soldering is used for joining electronic components to printed circuit boards. Robotic soldering is very common for joining of parts to printed circuit boards of computers, television, communication equipment and other control equipment etc.\r\n\r\nNuclear Installations:\r\nSpheres for nuclear reactor, pipe line bends joining two pipes carrying heavy water and other components require welding for safe and reliable operations.\r\n\r\nDefence Industry:\r\nDefence industry requires welding for joining of many components of war equipment. Tank bodies fabrication, joining of turret mounting to main body of tanks are typical examples of applications of welding.\r\n\r\nMicro-Joining:\r\nIt employs the processes such as micro-plasma, ultrasonic, laser and electron beam welding, for joining of thin wire to wire, foil to foil and foil to wire, such as producing junctions of thermocouples, strain gauges to wire leads etc.\r\n\r\nGeneral Applications:\r\nWelding is vastly being used for construction of transport tankers for transporting oil, water, milk and fabrication of welded tubes and pipes, chains, LPG cylinders and other items. Steel furniture, gates, doors and door frames, body and other parts of white goods items such as refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens and many other items of general applications are fabricated by welding. Apart from above applications welding are also used for joining of pipes, during laying of crude oil and gas pipelines, construction of tankers for their storage and transportation. Offshore structures, dockyards, loading and unloading cranes are also produced by welding.","headline":"What are the major welding application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/MIG-Welding-application-288x300.jpg","height":300,"width":288},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=76">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=75"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>75</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=76"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>76</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>77</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=78"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>78</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=79"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>79</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=78">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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