什么是垫圈的功能 - 垫圈类型

垫圈（硬件）介绍

A washer is a thin plate (typically disk-shaped) with a hole (typically in the middle) that is normally used to distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or nut. Other uses are as a spacer, spring (Belleville, wave washer), wear pad, preload indicating device, locking device, and to reduce vibration (rubber washer). Washers usually have an outer diameter (OD) about twice the width of their inner diameter (ID).

垫圈通常是金属或塑料。高质量的螺栓接头需要硬化钢垫圈，以防止扭矩施加扭矩后的预载荷。

Rubber or fiber gaskets used in taps (or faucets, or valves) to stop the flow of water are sometimes referred to colloquially as washers; but, while they may look similar, washers and gaskets are usually designed for different functions and made differently.

垫圈对于防止电抗腐蚀也很重要，特别是通过从铝表面绝缘钢螺钉。

垫圈可以分为三种类型;

• 普通垫圈展开负载，防止损坏表面固定，或提供某种绝缘，例如电气
• Spring washers, which have axial flexibility and are used to prevent fastening loosening due to vibrations
• Locking washers,通过防止拧下紧固装置的旋转来防止宽松的松动;锁紧垫圈通常也是弹簧垫圈。

Types Of Washers:

In order to define a washer with any degree or accuracy an adjective must be used to place its in proper categories. Some of the basic categories are;

1. 平垫圈
2. 肩垫管
3. Tab washer
4. Lock washers
5. Countersunk washer
6. Spring washers

平垫圈

A plain washer (or ‘flat washer’) is a flat annulus or ring, often of metal, used to spread the load of a screwed fastening. Additionally, a plain washer may be used when the hole is a larger diameter than the fixing nut

平垫圈are round outer diameter thin plates with a center hole punched to the size of the bolt or screw. Flat washers are used to distribute loads of threaded bolts, screws and nuts evenly as the fastener is tightened.

肩垫管

肩部垫圈，有时称为“步骤”或“法兰”垫圈，在外观上的外观低冠顶帽子。该类别是相当独特的，因为肩部垫圈主要用于电子设备行业作为绝缘体，因此由非导电材料制成。

Tap Washers :

Tab Washers are made in an almost infinite variety of configurations with internal and /or external notches and or tabs , singles or multiple, Formed and Flat .

锁垫圈：

在传统的螺旋分裂和内部牙齿类型中，我们大多数人都熟悉锁洗。

埋头垫圈：

Countersunk washers come in a number of shapes : 90 degree countersunk, angle countersunk, flanged, unflanged, rolled flange, etc. Most people are familiar with the finishing types used for cosmetic purposes on many consumer products .

弹簧垫圈：

A split washer or a spring lock washer is a ring split at one point and bent into a helical shape. This causes the washer to exert a spring force between the fastener’s head and the substrate, which maintains the washer hard against the substrate and the bolt thread hard against the nut or substrate thread, creating more friction and resistance to rotation.

Spring Washers absorb any looseness resulting from vibration or thermal expansion . They also eliminate side play in assemblies and are used with bearings to control end pressure and play. Vibration mountings also often use spring washers.

There are Three basic types of spring washers .

贝尔维尔垫圈，也称为杯状弹簧垫圈或锥形垫圈，具有轻微的圆锥形状，在变形时提供轴向力。

A curved disc spring is similar to a Belleville,except the washer is curved in only one direction, therefore there are only four points of contact. Unlike Belleville washers, they exert only light pressures.

Wave washershave a “wave” in the axial direction, which provides spring pressure when compressed. Wave washers, of comparable size, do not produce as much force as Belleville washers. In Germany, they are sometimes used as lock washers, however they are less effective than other choices.