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MECHANICAL PROJECT</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-ultrasonic-welding-machine-mechanical-project/">PNEUMATIC ULTRASONIC WELDING MACHINE &#8211; MECHANICAL PROJECT</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>PNEUMATIC ULTRASONIC WELDING MACHINE - MECHANICAL PROJECT
PNEUMATIC WELDING MACHINE
SYNOPSIS  In our project “PNEUMATIC WELDING MACHINE” is beings with an introduction to welding the various...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-ultrasonic-welding-machine-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: PNEUMATIC ULTRASONIC WELDING MACHINE &#8211; MECHANICAL PROJECT">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"PNEUMATIC ULTRASONIC WELDING MACHINE &#8211; MECHANICAL PROJECT","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-ultrasonic-welding-machine-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"PNEUMATIC ULTRASONIC WELDING MACHINE - MECHANICAL PROJECT\r\nPNEUMATIC WELDING MACHINE\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\nIn our project \u201cPNEUMATIC WELDING MACHINE\u201d is beings with an introduction to welding the various components automatically. Single -pneumatic cylinder and Solenoid valve are provided. cylinder is for the forward and backward movement, it moves x axis is called Pneumatic welding machine\r\n\r\nWelding is recognized all over the would, today, as a remarkably versatile means of metal lubrication. Welding in combination with allied processes like thermal cutting, brazing, braze welding and metal sparing has provided ample freedom to modern designer to develop metallic products in which optimum mechanical properties, lightness, and aesthetics are harmoniously blended.\r\n\r\nSee also : Welding of Aluminium and Copper - Basic Of Welding\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nThe pneumatic power welding machine makes use of properly shaped m.s electrodes in order to apply pneumatic pressure and carry electrical current through the workpieces. Heat is generated mainly at the merging point between two sheets. This causes the material being welded to melt gradually, thereby forming a molten bath, known as the weld mass. The molten bath is held through the pressure applied by the electrode tip and the encircling solid metal. In this type of welding process, welding rod is used. If the compressed air goes to solenoid valve to pneumatic cylinder . welding holder connected to pneumatic cylinder which actuated by solenoid valve at the time automated welded for metal.\r\n\r\npneumatic ultrasonic welding machine\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES :\r\n\r\n* Small in size.\r\n\r\n* Cost is less compared to other welding machine.\r\n\r\n* Due to the nature of portable it can be easily handled.\r\n\r\n* Due to portable ability it is easily handled.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tNot so effective for very hard materials.\r\n \tFeed should be given intermittently.\r\n \tOverload should be avoided.\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\nThere are many different uses of pneumatic welding machines. Some of the areas where it finds application are:\r\n\r\n \tAutomobile industry\r\n \tAutomotive manufacturing\r\n \tMetal working\r\n \tShipbuilding\r\n \tFabrication\r\n \tCasting","headline":"PNEUMATIC ULTRASONIC WELDING MACHINE &#8211; MECHANICAL PROJECT","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-02-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pneumatic-ultrasonic-welding-machine-300x220.gif","height":220,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bevel-gear-operated-screw-jack-for-lifting-operation/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/bevel-gear-operated-screw-jackf-300x263.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bevel-gear-operated-screw-jack-for-lifting-operation/">Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation
Abstract.  With the increasing level of technology, researchers all over the world are working continuously to improve and implement better...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/bevel-gear-operated-screw-jack-for-lifting-operation/" aria-label="View Post: Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/bevel-gear-operated-screw-jack-for-lifting-operation\/","articleBody":"Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation\r\nAbstract. \r\n\r\nWith the increasing level of technology, researchers all over the world are working continuously to improve and implement better and robust design of materials at workplace for productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Detailed design procedure of a quick lifting screw jack is\r\npresented in this paper. The design is fundamentally a modification of the conventional scissor jack.\r\nThe problems associated with the conventional jacks are the ergonomic snags experienced by operators due to prolonged bending or squatting positions during operation. These problems of waist pain and backaches are as a result of continuous turning of the wrench or crank shaft in an uncomfortable position for a long period. These led to the design and modification of quick lifting screw jack with gear arrangements that are safe, reliable and capable of raising or lowering heavy load with little effort. The results showed that the introduction of the crank and gear mechanism would help reduce difficulty in operation, reduce time, increase efficiency and effectively control the difficulties concomitant with Ergonomics - which is an ultimate sensitivity in design process.\r\n\r\nbevel gear operated screw jackf\r\n\r\nIntroduction\r\nOver the years, engineers, scientist and ergonomist have extolled the conventional automobile screw jack (scissors jack) as being very efficient, yet continue to seek new designs to increase reliability and reduce its shortcomings and maintenance costs. Screw application is used in the elevation of vehicles or objects. The operation of the screw jack is such that it comprises a handle for driving a bolt element (Lead Screw) manually to adjust the height of the jack to elevate a vehicle or an object. Existing jacks are of great disadvantage to elderly women especially under unfavorable weather condition . A mechanical jack is a device which lifts weighty or heavy equipment and vehicles so that maintenance can be carried out underneath at workplace or manufacturing setting . A jack screw is a type of jack which functions by turning a lead screw. It is commonly used to lift heavy load to a height. A good example is the car-jacks. In the case of a screw jack, a small force applied in the horizontal plane is used to raise or lower large load . A good number of operational staff in manufacturing, bottling, oil and gas and other multi-national companies perform task in a squatting or cowering position for a long period. These results to inefficiency at workplace due to ergonomically imbalance position they encounter which often times give rise to back ache and poor body architecture in the future.\r\n\r\nThese present available jacks further require the operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting position to operate the jack. Due to its difficulties, body pains, back ache and others can emerge as a result of continuous turning of the wrench or crank shaft in an uncomfortable position for a long period. The statement of problem has led to the motivation of designing a modified quick lifting screw jack with gear arrangement. The introduction of the bevel gear will help reduce difficulty in operation with a handle incorporated in the design and also reduce time spent to a very minimum.\r\n\r\nMaterial Selection of Parts:\r\nThe choice of material is very important in the design of an automobile jack as in the case of other engineering designs. It is one of the most important decisions a designer is called to make.\r\nThe decision is usually made before the dimensions of the part are established. One very important factor in material selection is the strength. Other factors include wear, corrosion, weight, noise, lubrication, marketability, manufacturability, safety, functionality, cost, etc. Some aforementioned have to do unswervingly with the dimensions, the material, the processing, and the joining of the element of the system. For effective performance of jack, mild steel is majorly used because of its strength, toughness and low cost. It provides material properties that are acceptable for the application. Finally, the selected material of mild steel gives a reduced weight of the jack.\r\n\r\nWatch video animation :\u00a0","headline":"Bevel gear operated Screw Jack for Lifting Operation","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-02-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/bevel-gear-operated-screw-jackf-300x263.jpg","height":263,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-tennis-ball-launcher-mechanical-projects/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/pneumatic-tennis-ball-launcher-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher &#8211; Mechanical Projects</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-tennis-ball-launcher-mechanical-projects/">Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher &#8211; Mechanical Projects</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher - Mechanical Projects
The purpose of this project was to design and build a fully functional, pneumatic powered tennis ball launcher that can be fired multiple times...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-tennis-ball-launcher-mechanical-projects/" aria-label="View Post: Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher &#8211; Mechanical Projects">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher &#8211; Mechanical Projects","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-tennis-ball-launcher-mechanical-projects\/","articleBody":"Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher - Mechanical Projects\r\nThe purpose of this project was to design and build a fully functional, pneumatic powered tennis ball launcher that can be fired multiple times consistently without needing an air re-fill. The launcher consists of a 3000 psi paintball air tank, running through a paintball regulator to take the pressure down to 100psi. That 100psi coming from the regulator will be used to fill a 5-gallon Tooluxe tire air bead seater tool. The bead seater has a 3-foot-long custom-made barrel attached to the dump valve on the bead seater. The tennis balls are loaded into the bottom of the barrel. One the dump valve is opened, the air pressure from the bead seater propels the tennis ball. The project consisted of three phases: Design, Building, and Testing. Some of the milestones included gathering all parts and materials, and actually getting the launcher built and operational.\r\n\r\nThe project took the team 45 days to complete with a total of 277 hours spent between the two team members. The project has gone smoothly and is finished on time with a final SPI of 0.93. The total cost of the project was $5018 with a final CPI of 0.96. One of the lessons learned by the team would be to not leave things to the last minute as you cannot rely on orders to arrive exactly as planned.\r\n\r\nOverall, the project was behind schedule for a short time but is now completed on time, fully operational and is actually exceeding expectations in regards to the firing of the launcher.\r\n\r\nProject Description\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this launcher(figure ) is to project a tennis ball great distances with a light, portable, and consistent setup. The launcher can be fired multiple times consistently without needing an air re-fill or other inconvenient delays.\r\n\r\npneumatic tennis ball launcher\r\n\r\nOn the firing end of the bead seater is a 1.5-inch open\/close pneumatic valve. Once this valve is opened, the 100psi stored in the 5-gallon tank will be released very quickly. This rapid release of air is used to fire the tennis ball. Attached to the end of the valve is a custom-made, 3-foot-long, 2.5-inch diameter barrel made from PVC tubing. A 1.5-to-2.5-inch reducer coupling is used to allow the 2.5-inch diameter barrel to be fitted onto the 1.5-inch diameter valve. The 2.5-inch barrel diameter is a perfect fit for the tennis ball, giving the launcher great firing power and accuracy.\r\n\r\nConclusion\r\nTo conclude, the Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher project has been finished on schedule and is working better than expected, as it is very powerful and surprisingly accurate. The project team is very pleased with the outcome of the project and has finished on schedule despite the delays. If there are any questions do not hesitate to contact the project team via email.\r\n\r\nKyle Jackson - k_jackson9@fanshaweonline.ca\r\n\r\nNathan Sholtanuk - n_sholtanuk@fanshaweonline.ca","headline":"Pneumatic Tennis Ball Launcher &#8211; Mechanical Projects","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-02-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/pneumatic-tennis-ball-launcher-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/autocad-mechanical-practice-drawings-pdf-free-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/cad-exercise-300x195.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Autocad mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/autocad-mechanical-practice-drawings-pdf-free-download/">Autocad mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>AUTOCAD mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download
Auto-cad exercise BOOK :   This PDF contains 500 + detailed drawings of miscellaneous parts, to be used for practice with AutoCAD(or any 3D...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/autocad-mechanical-practice-drawings-pdf-free-download/" aria-label="View Post: Autocad mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Autocad mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/autocad-mechanical-practice-drawings-pdf-free-download\/","articleBody":"AUTOCAD mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download\r\nAuto-cad exercise BOOK :\u00a0\r\n\r\nThis PDF contains 500 + detailed drawings of miscellaneous parts, to be used for practice with AutoCAD(or any 3D CAD package for that matter). Some of the parts are a bit more challenging than others, but none of them are meant to be difficult. However, some are intended for specific modeling tools, and hints have been provided in those cases.\r\nIn the event that you find a missing dimension or two, please accept my apologies in advance, but don\u2019t let it stop you from modeling the part. Instead, you can consider this an opportunity to exercise \u201cdesigner\u2019s choice\u201d and provide a dimension according to your liking, as there are no right or wrong answers for these practice files.\r\nAs you work your way through these, keep in mind the best practice of creating simple sketches, to build well constructed features, which add up to a more complex part.\r\n\r\nSee also:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tAutoCAD 3D exercises pdf for Mechanical Engineering Free Download\r\n \tAutoCAD tutorial for beginners pdf Free Download\r\n\r\nautocad mechanical drawing exercises ,autocad 2d mechanical practice drawings pdf, autocad practice drawings for mechanical, autocad 2d mechanical practice drawings pdf free download, 100 cad exercises pdf , autocad drawing pdf download,autocad mechanical drawings for practice pdf, autocad 2d mechanical practice drawings pdf, autocad mechanical 2d drawings, autocad 2d mechanical practice drawings pdf free download, autocad mechanical 3d drawings for practice, autocad mechanical drawing exercises pdf, autocad 3d drawings for practice free download ,autocad 2d projects for mechanical.\r\n\r\n cad exercise\r\n\r\nCAD EXERCISES FINAL BOOK-2.pdf Contain Following Drawings:\r\n\r\n \t2D Drawing\r\n \t3D Drawing\r\n \tpart modelling ,Part design\r\n \tSurfacing\r\n \tassemblies - tailstock ,radial engine , bush type flexible coupling ,oldham coupling , universal coupling , Flange Coupling , swivel bearing , Foot Step bearing , socket and spigot joint , Sleeve and cotter joint , knuckle joint , claw coupling , gib and cotter joint , bench vice , machine vice , pipe vice , drill jog , milling fixture , lathe toolpost , tool head of shaping machine, tailstock, stop valve, axle bearing\r\n\r\nFile Size : 10 mb\r\n\r\nPages : 300 nos\r\n\r\nClick here to Download\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Solidworks Exercises Pdf Download For Beginners\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nCAD \/ CAM Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Autocad mechanical practice drawings pdf free Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-02-02","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/cad-exercise-300x195.jpg","height":195,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-distributed-control-system-process-automation/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/dcs-architecture-300x233.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Distributed control system | Process Automation</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-distributed-control-system-process-automation/">What is Distributed control system | Process Automation</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Distributed control system | Process Automation
A distributed control system (DCS) is a computerised control system for a process or plant usually with a large number of control loops, in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-distributed-control-system-process-automation/" aria-label="View Post: What is Distributed control system | Process Automation">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Distributed control system | Process Automation","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-distributed-control-system-process-automation\/","articleBody":"What is Distributed control system | Process Automation\r\nA distributed control system (DCS) is a computerised control system for a process or plant usually with a large number of control loops, in which autonomous controllers are distributed throughout the system, but there is central operator supervisory control. This is in contrast to systems that use centralized controllers; either discrete controllers located at a central control room or within a central computer. The DCS concept increases reliability and reduces installation costs by localising control functions near the process plant, with remote monitoring and supervision.\r\n\r\nDistributed control systems first emerged in large, high value, safety critical process industries, and were attractive because the DCS manufacturer would supply both the local control level and central supervisory equipment as an integrated package, thus reducing design integration risk. Today the functionality of SCADA and DCS systems are very similar, but DCS tends to be used on large continuous process plants where high reliability and security is important, and the control room is not geographically remote.\r\n\r\ndcs architecture\r\n\r\nWhat is the difference between PLC and DCS?\r\n\r\n \tPLC stands for\u00a0Programmable Logic Controller\u00a0which can handle the binary input and output of the logic statement which are stored in its memory.its a digitally operating system which are logic stored in its memory by programming system.\r\n\r\nSee also:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tWhat are the types of PLCs and their Application\r\n \tIntroduction to Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) | Parts and Operation Of PLC\r\n\r\n\r\n \tProgrammable Logic Controllers, are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from sensors (Physical) and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and events. This leads to precisely controlled actions that permit a tight control of almost any industrial process.\r\n \tThis is actually a control device that consists of a programmable microprocessor, and is programmed using a specialized computer language.\r\n \tBefore, a programmable logic controller would have been programmed in ladder logic, which is similar to a schematic of relay logic.\r\n \tA modern programmable logic controller is usually programmed in any one of several languages, ranging from ladder logic to Basic or C.\r\n \tTypically, the program is written in a development environment on a personal computer (PC), and then is downloaded onto the programmable logic controller directly through a cable connection.\r\n \tThe program is stored in the programmable logic controller in non-volatile memory.Programmable logic controllers contain a variable number of Input\/Output (I\/O) ports, and are typically Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) based.\r\n \tThey are designed for real-time use, and often must withstand harsh environments on the shop floor.\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. DCS stands for\u00a0Distributed Control systems\u00a0\r\n \tDistributed control system it controls all types of process variable at a time through this we can control the whole plant,we can see the status of plant,and handling unit.\r\n \tIt is a system of dividing plant or process control into several areas of responsibility, each managed by its own controller, with the whole system connected to form a single entity, usually by means of communication buses.\r\n \t(DCS) refers to a control system usually of a manufacturing system, process or any kind of dynamic system, in which the controller elements are not central in location (like the brain) but are distributed throughout the system with each component sub-system controlled by one or more controllers. The entire system of controllers is connected by networks for communication and monitoring.\r\n \tA DCS typically uses custom designed processors as controllers and uses both proprietary interconnections and Communications protocol for communication.\r\n \tInput &amp; output modules form component parts of the DCS. The processor receives information from input modules and sends information to output modules.\r\n \tThe input modules receive information from input instruments in the process (a.k.a. field) and transmit instructions to the output instruments in the field.\r\n \tComputer buses or electrical buses connect the processor and modules through multiplexer or de-multiplexers.\r\n \tBuses also connect the distributed controllers with the central controller and finally to the Human-Machine Interface (HMI) or control consoles.\r\n\r\nApplication of Distributed Control System :\r\nDistributed control systems (DCS) are dedicated systems used in manufacturing processes that are continuous or batch-oriented.\r\n\r\nProcesses where a DCS might be used include:\r\n\r\n \tChemical plants\r\n \tPetrochemical (oil) and refineries\r\n \tPulp and Paper Mills\u00a0\r\n \tBoiler controls and power plant systems\r\n \tNuclear power plants\r\n \tEnvironmental control systems\r\n \tWater management systems\r\n \tWater treatment plants\r\n \tSewage treatment plants\r\n \tFood and food processing\r\n \tAgro chemical and fertilizer\r\n \tMetal and mines\r\n \tAutomobile manufacturing\r\n \tMetallurgical process plants\r\n \tPharmaceutical manufacturing\r\n \tSugar refining plants\r\n \tAgriculture Applications","headline":"What is Distributed control system | Process Automation","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-02-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/dcs-architecture-300x233.jpg","height":233,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-an-orifice-meter-orifice-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/orifice-meter-300x233.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Orifice Meter &#8211; Diagram, Working, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-an-orifice-meter-orifice-application/">Orifice Meter &#8211; Diagram, Working, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to orifice meter
An Orifice Meter is basically a type of flow meter which is used to measure the rate of flow fluids (mainly Liquids or Gases),  using the Differential Pressure...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-an-orifice-meter-orifice-application/" aria-label="View Post: Orifice Meter &#8211; Diagram, Working, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Orifice Meter &#8211; Diagram, Working, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-an-orifice-meter-orifice-application\/","articleBody":"Introduction to orifice meter\r\nAn Orifice Meter is basically a type of\u00a0flow meter which is\u00a0used to measure the rate of flow fluids (mainly Liquids or Gases),\u00a0 using the Differential Pressure Measurement principle.\r\n\r\nThere is basically an Orifice Plate installed in the orifice meter which provides obstruction to the fluid flow. Here, the streamline contracts because of the area contraction due to orifice which is placed between the pipe by the flange.\r\n\r\nThere is a vena -contacta considered as a minimum area -cross-section.\r\n\r\nDifferential pressure is developed across the Orifice Plate which is directly proportional to the flow-rate of the liquid or gas.\r\n\r\nSee also: Use Of Venturimeter for Flow Measurement and its Advantages\r\nPrinciple of Orifice meter :\r\nWhen a liquid\/gas, whose flow-rate is to be determined, is passed through an Orifice Meter, there is a drop in the pressure between the Inlet section and Outlet Section of Orifice Meter. This drop in pressure can be measured using a differential pressure measuring instrument.\r\n\r\nSince this differential pressure is in direct proportion to the flow-rate as per Bernoulli\u2019s Equation hence the differential pressure instrument can be configured to display flow-rate instead of showing differential pressure.\r\n\r\n orifice meter\r\nWorking of Orifice Meter :\r\nThe working principle of Orifice Meter is the same, like that of Venturi meter\r\nThe orifice plate is being fixed at a section of the pipe, creates an obstruction to the flow by providing an opening in the form of an orifice to the flow passage.\r\n\r\nOrifice meters are built in different forms depending upon the application-specific requirement, The shape, size, and location of holes on the Orifice Plate describe the Orifice Meter Specifications as per the following:\r\n\r\n \tConcentric Orifice Plate\r\n \tEccentric Orifice Plate\r\n \tSegment Orifice Plate\r\n \tQuadrant Edge Orifice Plate\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOperation of Orifice meter:\r\n\r\n \tThe fluid flows inside the Inlet section of the Orifice meter having a pressure P1.\r\n \tAs the fluid proceeds further into the Converging section, its pressure reduces gradually and it finally reaches a value of P2 at the end of the Converging section and enters the Cylindrical section.\r\n \tThe\u00a0differential pressure sensor\u00a0connected between the Inlet and the and the Cylindrical Throat section of the Orifice meter displays the difference in pressure (P1-P2). This difference in pressure is in direct proportion to the flow rate of the liquid flowing through the Orifice meter.\r\n \tFurther, the fluid passed through the Diverging recovery cone section and the velocity reduces thereby it regains its pressures. Designing a lesser angle of the Diverging recovery section helps more in regaining the kinetic energy of the liquid.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSpecifications of Orifice meter:\r\n\r\n \tLine Size: 6 mm to 800 mm\r\n \tAccuracy: +\/-0.5% to +\/-3.0%.\r\n \tOperating Temperature (Max.): Up to 800 degC\r\n \tOperating Pressure (Max.): Up to 400 bar\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nApplications of Orifice meter:\r\n\r\n \tNatural Gas\r\n \tWater Treatment Plants\r\n \tOil Filtration Plants\r\n \tPetrochemicals and Refineries\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Orifice meter:\r\n\r\n \tThe Orifice meter is very cheap as compared to other types of flow meters.\r\n \tLess space is required to Install and hence ideal for space-constrained applications\r\n \tThe operational response can be designed with perfection.\r\n \tInstallation direction possibilities: Vertical \/ Horizontal \/ Inclined.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLimitations of Orifice meter:\r\n\r\n \tEasily gets clogged due to impurities in gas or in unclear liquids.\r\n \tThe minimum pressure that can be achieved for reading the flow is sometimes difficult to achieve due to limitations in the vena-contracta length for an Orifice Plate.\r\n \tUnlike Venturi meter, downstream pressure cannot be recovered in Orifice Meters. Overall head loss is around 40% to 90% of the differential pressure.\r\n \tFlow straighteners are required at the inlet and the outlet to attain streamline flow thereby increasing the cost and space for installation.\r\n \tOrifice Plate can get easily corroded with time thereby entails an error.\r\n \tThe discharge Co-efficient obtained is low.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSome Questions and Answers :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tWhat is an Orifice Plate?\r\n\r\nAn orifice plate: It is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases, and the fluid pressure decreases. A little downstream of the orifice the flow reaches its point of maximum convergence, the vena contracta where the velocity reaches its maximum and the pressure reaches its minimum. Beyond that, the flow expands, the velocity falls and the pressure increases.\r\n\r\n2. Explain the term vena-contracta with neat sketch\r\n\r\n vena contracta diagram\r\n\r\nThe figure shows a sharp-edged orifice in one side of a reservoir containing water. The water will emerge from the orifice as a free jet, that is, a jet discharged in the atmosphere and will, therefore, be under the influence of gravity only. The section C-C of the jet, at which the streamlines are straight and parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of the orifice, and the jet has the minimum cross-sectional area, is known as vena contracta. The pressure at section C-C is uniform and it is equal to the pressure of surrounding the jet. The velocity of flow of water at this section will be maximum by the principle of continuity. Beyond the section C-C the jet may, however, diverge again and it undergoes a downward deflection due to gravity. The area of jet i.e. at vena contracta may be related to the area of the orifice by following expression \r\n\r\na2=Cc.a0 \r\n\r\nCc=Coefficient of contraction\r\n\r\n3. Define all hydraulic coefficients.\r\n\r\nThere are four hydraulic coefficients-\r\n\r\n1. Coefficient of contraction (Cc): It is the ratio of the area of the jet at vena contracta to the area of Orifice is known as Coefficient of contraction.\r\n\r\n2. Coefficient of velocity(Cv): It is the ratio of actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity of the jet is known as the Coefficient of velocity\r\n\r\n3. Coefficient of discharge (Cd): It is the ratio of actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge is known as the Coefficient of discharge.\r\n\r\n4. Coefficient of Resistance (Cr): It is the ratio of loss of head in the orifice to the head of water available at the exit of the orifice is known as the Coefficient of resistance.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Orifice Meter &#8211; Diagram, Working, Application, Advantages, Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-02-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"July 2, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/orifice-meter-300x233.jpg","height":233,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=134">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=133"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>133</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=134"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>134</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>135</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=136"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>136</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=137"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>137</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=136">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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