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Solar Dryer</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Experimental Investigations on Thermal Storage in a Solar Dryer
Abstract –  Thermal energy storage for solar dryer has recently attracted increasing interest as the availability of solar energy...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/experimental-investigations-on-thermal-storage-in-a-solar-dryer/" aria-label="View Post: Experimental Investigations on Thermal Storage in a Solar Dryer">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Experimental Investigations on Thermal Storage in a Solar Dryer","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/experimental-investigations-on-thermal-storage-in-a-solar-dryer\/","articleBody":"Experimental Investigations on Thermal Storage in a Solar Dryer\r\nAbstract \u2013\r\n\r\nThermal energy storage for solar dryer has recently attracted increasing interest as the availability of solar energy is intermittent. The effectiveness of thermal energy storage using Phase Change Material (PCM) in solar dryer application was investigated in this work. A solar cabinet dryer having 3 evenly spaced trays that provide maximum heat flow with drying area of 0.5 m2 (each) that caters to a family was constructed and its performance evaluated. The experiments were done on the dryer with and without thermal storage for 3 days each during the month of April when the sunshine remains considerable in Annamalai Nagar located at 11.39\u00b0 N Latitude and 79.69\u00b0 E Longitude. The temperature at different vital locations was recorded from 10 a.m. onwards until the cabinet temperature fell to that of the atmosphere. The mass flow rate of air during experimentation varied between 0.001-0.003 kg\/s. A paraffin (n-docosane)-kerosene composite of 12.5 kg and 2:1 mass ratio was used for thermal storage in the dryer. The PCM was filled in 20 numbers of 20 mm diameter aluminum tubes having 500 mm length and 100 aluminum cans of 150 ml capacity (excluding space for phase change). The results were analysed for the variation of thermal absorption and storage based on air velocity, temperature gradient, and solar intensity. The cabinet temperature remained 25-30\u00b0C higher than that of atmosphere during mid-day. The peak heat gain fell by 18% on the days of experimentation with thermal storage due to the heat conducted by PCM pipes. On an average, the thermal efficiency of the system with thermal storage improves by 50 % of its efficiency without thermal storage unit. It was found that the dryer with thermal storage can sustain the required temperature for 3 hours after sunshine hours and then it falls gradually.\r\n\r\nSee also :\r\n\r\n \tSolar still- Water Purifying Mechanical Project\r\n \tDevelopment of working model of solar operated mini Seed driller\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nIn a tropical country like India, the main source of economy and livelihood is agriculture. Even though farmers are trying to increase the crop productivity, it is very difficult to preserve them due to lack of cheaper and effective technology. Thermal energy storage has been an active area of research at present. Efficient alternative energy utilization must involve energy storage to cater to the fluctuations in demand and to obtain a higher performance. Energy storage system assumes greater significance in situations dealing with intermittent supplies of input energy. The selection of thermal storage system for an application depends on factors such as storage duration, economics, temperature supply and utilization requirements, storage capacity, heat losses and space availability. Thus this experimental work has the objectives of finding the supply temperature and thermal storage duration in accordance with the dryer requirements and PCM storage space availability.\r\n\r\ndryer with thermal storage\r\n\r\nPHASE CHANGE MATERIAL (PCM)\r\nA good thermal energy storage medium must remain stable with high heat capacity. The technology of solar thermal storage using sensible heating of a media called\u00a0as first generation storage systems has developed well and so being utilized commonly. The technology of latent heat based solar thermal storage has good applicability and is being developed by considerable research right now. Latent heat storage systems using phase change materials have high thermal storage capacity when compared with that of sensible heat storage materials. The PCM behavior depends on the environmental conditions of the solar system which involves thermal cycling utilizing the latent heat. Thus one of the best approaches has been to use phase change materials (PCM) for the thermal storage. Thermal energy storage system can accumulate energy as sensible heat or as the heat of fusion or a combination of both. Latent heat storage is better than sensible heat storage as it has high storage density and lesser temperature swings. PCMs can store 2-3 times more heat or cold per volume or per mass, as can be stored as sensible heat in water in a temperature interval of 20\u25e6C.\r\n\r\nCONCLUSIONS \r\n\r\nThe following conclusions have been arrived based on the analysis of experimental results: The paraffin n-docosane is suitable for thermal storage in a solar cabinet dryer. The PCM released its sensible heat very rapidly, and longer time was needed to transfer the latent heat due to frozen layer formation. As the solidification extended, the amount of latent heat transferred to heat transfer fluid became smaller. The melting and solidification of PCM occurred in a phased manner and so heat transfer cycle extended for longer duration. The PCM mixture near the can and pipe walls solidifies sooner than the mixture at the centre of the can. This is due to the thermal resistance offered by the PCM. During solidification process, the solidification front is moving towards outer surface whereas heat transfer occurs in the opposite direction inwards through the already solidified portion. Thus the thermal resistance of wax increases. The composite PCM mix ratio of 2:1 suited well for the application since it melts at a temperature much suitable for solar dryer application in this geographical area. During the phase change the wax melts over a temperature range and it is difficult to find the fraction of wax that melts at a particular temperature. Thus the phase change occurs in fractions which have been proven by the variations in temperature gradient during the thermal cycle. The PCM cans arranged at the base store the heat convected to the bottom side from the absorber thus reducing the bottom side heat loss. The variation of atmospheric air flow because of velocity changes created mass flow rate variations marginally and due to it, uneven temperature rise occurred inside the solar dryer.\r\n\r\nReference And Download report :\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.rericjournal.ait.ac.th\/index.php\/reric\/article\/download\/1420\/637","headline":"Experimental Investigations on Thermal Storage in a Solar Dryer","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-31","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/dryer-with-thermal-storage-300x276.jpg","height":276,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/productivity-improvement-techniques-or-methods/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/productivity-improvement-300x171.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/productivity-improvement-techniques-or-methods/">Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods
1. Technology based.
i) Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM), and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems(CIMS):  CAD...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/productivity-improvement-techniques-or-methods/" aria-label="View Post: Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/productivity-improvement-techniques-or-methods\/","articleBody":"Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods\r\n1. Technology based.\r\ni) Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM), and Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems(CIMS):\r\n\r\nCAD refers to design of products, processes or systems with the help of computers. The impact of CAD on human productivity is significant for the advantages of CAD are:\r\n\r\n\u2022 Speed of evaluation of alternatives designs\r\n\r\n\u2022 Minimization of risk of functioning\r\n\r\n\u2022 Error reduction.\r\n\r\nCAM is very much useful to design and control the manufacturing systems. It helps to achieve the effectiveness in production systems by line balancing.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Production planning and control\r\n\r\n\u2022 Capacity Requirement Planning(CRP), Manufacturing Resources Planning ( MRP II) and Materials Requirement Planning(MRP)\r\n\r\n\u2022 Automated inspection\r\n\r\nComputer Integrated Manufacturing is characterized by automatic line balancing, machine loading\/scheduling, automatic inventory control and inspection.\r\n\r\nii) Robotics\r\n\r\niii) Laser technology\r\n\r\niv) Modern maintenance techniques.\r\n\r\nv) Energy technology.\r\n\r\nvi) Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)\r\n\r\nFactors that affect or Influence Productivity\r\n2. Employee Based\r\ni) Financial and non-financial incentives at individual and group level.\r\n\r\nii) Employee promotion.\r\n\r\niii) Job design, job enlargement, job enrichment and job rotation.\r\n\r\niv) Workers participation in decision making.\r\n\r\nv) Quality circles(QC), small Group Activities(SGA)\r\n\r\nvi) Personal development\r\n3. Material based\r\ni) Material planning and control.\r\n\r\nii) Purchasing, logistics.\r\n\r\niii) Material storage and retrieval.\r\n\r\niv) Source selection and procurement of quality material.\r\n\r\nv) Waste elimination.\r\n\r\nvi) Material recycling and reuse.\r\n4. Process based:\r\nI. Methods engineering and work simplification.\r\n\r\nII. Job design, job evaluation, job safety.\r\n\r\nIII. Human factors engineering.\r\n5. Product based:\r\ni) Value analysis and value engineering.\r\n\r\nii) Product diversification.\r\n\r\niii) Standardization and simplification.\r\n\r\niv) Reliability engineering.\r\n\r\nv) Product mix and promotion.\r\n6. Management based:\r\ni) Management style.\r\n\r\nii) Communication in the organization\r\n\r\niii) Work culture.\r\n\r\niv) Motivation\r\n\r\nv) Promoting group activity.","headline":"Productivity Improvement Techniques or Methods","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-29","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/productivity-improvement-300x171.jpg","height":171,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/lean-and-waste-management-7-wastes-of-lean-manufacturing/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/7-lean-manufacturing-waste-300x295.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/lean-and-waste-management-7-wastes-of-lean-manufacturing/">Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing  Lean manufacturing or lean production, often simply "lean", is a systematic method for the elimination of waste ("Muda") within a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/lean-and-waste-management-7-wastes-of-lean-manufacturing/" aria-label="View Post: Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/lean-and-waste-management-7-wastes-of-lean-manufacturing\/","articleBody":"Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing\r\n\r\nLean manufacturing or lean production, often simply \"lean\", is a systematic method for the elimination of waste (\"Muda\") within a manufacturing system. Lean also takes into account waste created through overburden (\"Muri\") and waste created through unevenness in workloads (\"Mura\"). Working from the perspective of the client who consumes a product or service, \"value\" is any action or process that a customer would be willing to pay for.\r\n\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Seminar On Lean Manufacturing pdf Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing\r\nThe seven wastes of Lean Manufacturing are what we are aiming to remove from our processes by removing the causes of Mura and Muri as well as tackling Muda directly. But what exactly are the seven wastes of Lean Manufacturing (or 7 Mudas)?\r\n\r\nThe Seven Wastes of Lean Manufacturing are;\r\n\r\n \tTransport\r\n \tInventory\r\n \tMotion\r\n \tWaiting\r\n \tOver-Processing\r\n \tOverproduction\r\n \tDefects\r\n\r\n7 lean manufacturing waste\r\n\r\nHow to Remember the 7 Wastes\r\n\r\nThere are a couple of Simple Mnemonics that you can use to help you remember the 7 Wastes. The first is to ask yourself \u201cWho is TIM WOOD?\u201d\r\n\r\nTIMWOOD\r\n\r\n \tTransport\r\n \tInventory\r\n \tMotion\r\n \tWaiting\r\n \tOver Processing\r\n \tOver Production\r\n \tDefects\r\n\r\nTimWood comes from Standard-Cooper in the UK where I first started my career as a young Quality Engineer in the Automotive Industry. It is now probably the most recognized way of remembering the seven wastes.\r\n\r\nAn alternative is\r\n\r\nWORMPIT;\r\n\r\n \tWaiting\r\n \tOver Production\r\n \tRejects\r\n \tMotion\r\n \tProcessing\r\n \tInventory\r\n \tTransport\r\n\r\nUsing either TIMWOOD or WORMPIT will help you to remember your seven wastes, very useful if you are training others and have to list them out on a board.\r\n\r\nThe Waste of Transport\r\n\r\nTransport is the movement of materials from one location to another; this is a waste as it adds zero value to the product. Why would your customer (or you for that matter) want to pay for an operation that adds no value ?\r\n\r\n \tTransport adds no value to the product, you as a business are paying people to move material from one location to another, a process that only costs you money and makes nothing for you.\r\n \tThe waste of Transport can be a very high cost to your business; you need people to operate it and equipment such as trucks or fork trucks to undertake this expensive movement of materials.\r\n\r\nThe Waste of Inventory\r\n\r\nInventory costs you money, every piece of product tied up in raw material, work in progress or a finished goods have a cost and until it is actually sold that cost is yours. In addition to the pure cost of your inventory it adds many other costs; inventory feeds many other wastes.\r\n\r\nInventory has to be stored, it needs space, it needs packaging and it has to be transported around. It has the chance of being damaged during transport and becoming obsolete. The waste of Inventory hides many of the other wastes in your systems.\r\n\r\nThe Waste of Motion\r\n\r\nUnnecessary motions are those movements of man or machine which are not as small or as easy to achieve as possible, by this I mean bending down to retrieve heavy objects at floor level when they could be fed at waist level to reduce stress and time to retrieve.\r\n\r\n \tExcessive travel between work stations, excessive machine movements from start point to work start point are all examples of the waste of Motion.\r\n \tAll of these wasteful motions cost you time (money) and cause stress on your employees and machines, after all even robots wear out.\r\n\r\nThe Waste of Waiting\r\n\r\nHow often do you spend time waiting for an answer from another department in your organization, or waiting for a delivery from a supplier or an engineer to come and fix a machine? We tend to spend an enormous amount of time waiting for things in our working lives (and personal lives too), this is an obvious waste. The Waste of Waiting disrupts flow, one of the main principles of Lean Manufacturing, as such it is one of the most serious of the seven wastes or 7 mudas of lean manufacturing.\r\n\r\nThe waste of Overproduction\r\n\r\nThe most serious of all of the seven wastes; the waste of overproduction is making too much or too early. This is usually because of working with oversize batches, long lead times, poor supplier relations and a host of other reasons.\r\n\r\n \tOverproduction leads to high levels of inventory which mask many of the problems within your organization.\r\n \tThe aim should be to make only what is required when it is required by the customer, the philosophy of Just in Time (JIT), however many companies work on the principle of Just in Case.\r\n\r\nThe Waste of Over-processing\r\n\r\n \tThe waste of Over-processing is where we use inappropriate techniques, oversize equipment, working to tolerances that are too tight, perform processes that are not required by the customer and so forth. All of these things cost us time and money.\r\n \tOne of the biggest examples of over-processing in most companies is that of the \u201cmega machine\u201d that can do an operation faster than any other, but every process flow has to be routed through it causing scheduling complications, delays and so forth.\r\n \tIn lean; small are beautiful, use small appropriate machines where they are needed in the flow, not break the flow to route through a highly expensive monstrosity that the accountants insist is kept busy!\r\n\r\nThe Waste of Defects\r\n\r\nThe most obvious of the seven wastes, although not always the easiest to detect before they reach your customers. Quality errors that cause defects invariably cost you far more than you expect.\r\n\r\n \tEvery defective item requires rework or replacement, it wastes resources and materials, it creates paperwork, it can lead to lost customers.\r\n \tThe Waste of Defects should be prevented where possible, better to prevent than to try to detect them, implementation of pokayoke systems and automation can help to prevent defects from occurring.\r\n\r\nAdditional wastes\r\n\r\nWaste of Talent\r\n\r\nFailing to make use of the people within your organization. This is an issue that many of our companies in the West fail to address. We still tend to operate within a command and control environment and take little real notice of what our employees really think and what they can contribute. Your employees are your greatest asset by far and can help you to drive out many of the other wastes.\r\n\r\nWaste of resources;\r\n\r\nFailure to make efficient use of electricity, gas and water. Not only does this waste cost you money it is also a burden on our environment and society as a whole.\r\n\r\nWasted materials;\r\n\r\nToo often off-cuts and other byproducts are just sent to landfill rather than being utilized elsewhere.\r\n\r\nEliminating the Seven Wastes\r\n\r\nEliminating the seven wastes is something that can be done through the implementation of Lean and the various lean tools; however the focus of your implementation should not be to identify and remove waste. Instead you should use the principles of lean manufacturing to identify value according to the customer and make those value adding processes flow through your organization at the pull of the customer. This approach helps you to make your value adding processes more efficient and causes the waste to literally \u201cdissolve.\u201d\r\n\r\nApproaching lean from a perspective of removing the 7 wastes rather than making value flow however usually ends up with us making non-value adding processes more efficient and we get better and better at doing things that the customer does not want. To eliminate the 7 wastes of lean we have to focus on the lean principles and value as perceived by our customers.","headline":"Lean and Waste Management | 7 Wastes of Lean Manufacturing","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-29","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/7-lean-manufacturing-waste-300x295.jpg","height":295,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/radio-frequency-identification-rfid-rfid-applications/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/RFID-Applications-293x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) &#8211;  RFID Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/radio-frequency-identification-rfid-rfid-applications/">Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) &#8211;  RFID Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) - RFID Applications
What is Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) 
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), in particular passive RFID, has become...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/radio-frequency-identification-rfid-rfid-applications/" aria-label="View Post: Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) &#8211;  RFID Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) &#8211;  RFID Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/radio-frequency-identification-rfid-rfid-applications\/","articleBody":"Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) - RFID Applications\r\nWhat is\u00a0Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID )\u00a0\r\nRadio Frequency Identification (RFID), in particular passive RFID, has become increasingly common in industrial environments as a way to track and trace products, assets, and material flow. Although the technology has been around for decades, recent advances in tag design have driven the cost down to levels that are helping fuel its acceptance in a wide variety of industries.\r\n\r\nRFID interrogators, which capture and transfer information to and from tags (transponders) via radio waves, are ideal for the most challenging industrial environments. RFID, in contrast to traditional vision-based bar code reading systems, doesn't require a direct line of sight to object identifiers.\r\n\r\nAs a result, High Frequency (HF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID systems have made it possible to track a wide range of products through the entire supply chain with more accuracy and timeliness. Yet, despite the advantages, many industrial facilities are still hesitant to incorporate RFID into their mix of automation solutions.\r\n\r\nBenefits Of RFID :\r\n\r\nIf you're one of these individuals still on the fence about RFID, below are five benefits that result from using this technology.\r\n\r\n1) Improve the quality and transparency of data across the supply chain :\r\n\r\nAccurate data that is easily accessed makes it possible to solve a multitude of process inefficiencies. The best way to implement a system that results in the highest reliability and availability is by using the concept of 'distributed data.\" In this context, distributed data refers to live data that is attached directly to the object and can be modified automatically at process checkpoints. When data is read from a tag, answers are provided to the questions: What? Why? Where? and When? This is the very essence of RFID applications in industry.\r\n\r\n2) Make it easier to implement flexible manufacturing processes :\r\n\r\nStaying competitive often means producing more from the same production line. In order to make production processes more flexible, there must also be flexibility in the content and delivery of data to the various manufacturing cells. The ability to accommodate and respond to a higher influx of constantly changing data is necessary. RFID is used to reliably read and write data directly to a tag on an object in real-time. This capability can be leveraged to make flexible manufacturing a reality. 5 Benefits of Using RFID in Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management\r\n\r\n3) Increase the accuracy of and reduce the time spent taking inventories :\r\n\r\nManually counting inventory is an extremely tedious; time consuming, inefficient, and inaccurate method. RFID can be used to reduce or eliminate the need for \"hand-scanning,' resulting in immediate and significant improvements in inventory tracking. These results directly impact the customer experience and lead to increased sales.\r\n\r\n4) Reliable track and trace in challenging physical environments :\r\n\r\nSince RFID does away with the requirement that there be a direct line of sight to the object's identifier, standard barcode labels (that can be ruined by extreme environmental conditions) can be replaced with encapsulated RFID tags. The need for reading and\/or writing data to an object, when process conditions are extreme, can be handled by attaching these durable RFID tags.\r\n\r\nConditions such as high humidity, drastic temperature swings, exposure to chemicals and paints, extremely high temperatures, rough handling, and dirt wreak havoc on conventional paper barcode labels. Specially encapsulated RFID tags are designed to survive and perform reliably in even the most challenging of environments.\r\n\r\n5) Increase efficiency and cut down on rework :\r\n\r\nRFID can be particularly advantageous in closed loop systems where reusable transport mechanisms are used. Real-time visibility allows the observation and close monitoring of products and processes so that quick action can be taken and process improvements that have a major impact on quality can be made in a timely manner with laser point precision\r\n\r\n RFID Applications\r\nRFID Applications :\r\nRFID systems use radio waves at several different frequencies to transfer data. In health care and hospital settings, RFID technologies include the following applications:\r\n\r\n \tInventory control\r\n \tEquipment tracking\r\n \tOut-of-bed detection and fall detection\r\n \tPersonnel tracking\r\n \tEnsuring that patients receive the correct medications and medical devices\r\n \tPreventing the distribution of counterfeit drugs and medical devices\r\n \tMonitoring patients\r\n \tProviding data for electronic medical records systems","headline":"Radio Frequency Identification ( RFID ) &#8211;  RFID Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-29","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/RFID-Applications-293x300.jpg","height":300,"width":293},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-a-work-order-how-it-is-prepared-in-different-manufacturing-methods/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/work-order-flow-300x263.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is a work order &#8211; How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-a-work-order-how-it-is-prepared-in-different-manufacturing-methods/">What is a work order &#8211; How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is a work order - How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?
Work Order
In a manufacturing environment, a work order is converted from a sales order to show that work is about to...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-a-work-order-how-it-is-prepared-in-different-manufacturing-methods/" aria-label="View Post: What is a work order &#8211; How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is a work order &#8211; How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-a-work-order-how-it-is-prepared-in-different-manufacturing-methods\/","articleBody":"What is a work order - How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?\r\nWork Order\r\nIn a manufacturing environment, a work order is converted from a sales order to show that work is about to begin on the manufacture, building or engineering of the products requested by the customer. In a service environment, a work order can be equivalent to a service order where the work orders records the location, date and time the service is carried out and the nature of work that is done. The type of personnel (e.g. job position) may also be listed on the WO. A rate (e.g. Rs\/hr, Rs\/week) and also the total amount of hours worked and total value is also shown on the work order.\r\n\r\nwork order flow\r\n\r\nOrder Preparation\r\n\r\nThe order preparation for a process depends upon products to be produced. The work order prepared includes orders for numerous manufacturing methods, shop floor job orders and inspection orders. These orders will help in deciding the amount of products to be manufactured, the quantity along which the rate of production can be estimated following the deadlines of the customer.\r\n\r\nOrder preparation for manufacturing methods\r\n\r\nThese orders are prepared by the process planning departments are sent to shop floor directly where actual manufacturing of these parts takes place. The initially end product to be produced is broken down into smaller detailed elements so that individual drawings can be prepared with smaller elements with dimensions, part details along with bill of materials showing it\u2019s effectiveness in production. These drawings are drafted and finally approved by the authorities of customer relationship management.\r\n\r\nSubsidiary order preparation\r\n\r\nThese orders include order preparation for raw materials, movement from storage section to their respective departments, tooling for production that will be sequentially used on the machines. The orders are executed based upon type of layout used in plant.\r\n\r\nShop or production orders\r\n\r\nThe shop orders similar to the manufacturing method orders are sent directly to the shop floor. A part of the diagram from the main assembly sheet or the whole product diagram is extracted and drawn to scale on a different sheet which is directly sent to the shop supervisor with relevant approval to the authority that must be manufactured on the shop floor. The process planning team makes different part diagrams like these and sends to various sections. the diagrams at the various levels of production are also prepared which are then sent to the respective sections accordingly.\r\n\r\nInspection orders\r\n\r\nThe inspection orders are also a part of the shop orders. Taken independently, the inspection department rates care of the entire production activity as a whole. It is a controlling procedure to check whether the parts or products being machined are within the given tolerance limits. The tolerance limit, basically is acquired with the end customers demands that must be reflected during the planning process. Thus the criteria for inspection are set by goals and objectives of an industrial engineering process.\r\n\r\nStores issue orders\r\n\r\nSimilar to the shop floor requirements, inspection requirements other orders generated, the stores department also plays a key role in the industrial engineering process. The stores section, a large contributor in the industrial can be divided into two main parts as tooling section and materials section The tooling required for a particular process is decided with reference to the part diagrams made and an order is prepared but the production planning section to contribute to the requirements of the products. The tooling\u2019s can also be referred with respect to the inspection tooling\u2019s required at every stage of product manufacturing. Another part of stores issue as mentioned earlier is the material section, where the raw materials up the inward products are stored and delivered according to planning made but the production planning team. Therefore, the stores issue also forms an important part of production planning methodology","headline":"What is a work order &#8211; How it is prepared in different Manufacturing Methods?","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-29","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/work-order-flow-300x263.jpg","height":263,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-moulding-sand-properties-of-moulding-sand/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/moulding-sand-300x213.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-moulding-sand-properties-of-moulding-sand/">Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand
Types of Moulding Sand:
According to the use, moulding sand may be classified as below:  1. Green Sand:  The green sand is the natural sand...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-moulding-sand-properties-of-moulding-sand/" aria-label="View Post: Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-moulding-sand-properties-of-moulding-sand\/","articleBody":"Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand\r\nTypes of Moulding Sand:\r\nAccording to the use, moulding sand may be classified as below:\r\n\r\n1. Green Sand:\r\n\r\nThe green sand is the natural sand containing sufficient moisture in it. It is mixture of silica and 15 to 30% clay with about 8% water. Clay and water act as a bonding material to give strength. Molds made from this sand are known as green sand mould.\r\n\r\nThe green sand is used only for simple and rough casting products. It is used for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals.\r\n\r\n2. Dry Sand:\r\n\r\nWhen the moisture is removed from green sand, it is known as dry sand. The mould produced by dry sand has greater strength, rigidity and thermal stability. This sand is used for large and heavy castings.\r\n\r\n3. Loam Sand:\r\n\r\nLoam sand is a mixture of 50 percent sand and 50 percent clay. Water is added in sufficient amount. It is used for large and heavy moulds e.g., turbine parts, hoppers etc.\r\n\r\n4. Facing Sand:\r\n\r\nA sand used for facing of the mould is known as facing sand. It consists of silica sand and clay, without addition of used sand. It is used directly next to the surface of the pattern. Facing sand comes in direct contact with the hot molten metal; therefore it must have high refractoriness and strength. It has very fine grains.\r\n\r\n5. Parting Sand:\r\n\r\nA pure silica sand employed on the faces of the pattern before moulding is known as parting sand. When the pattern is withdrawn from the mould, the moulding sand sticks to it.\r\n\r\nTo avoid sticking, parting sand is sprinkled on the pattern before it is embedded in the moulding sand. Parting sand is also sprinkled on the contact surface of cope, drag and cheek.\r\n\r\n6. Backing or Floor Sand:\r\n\r\nThe backing sand is old and repeatedly used sand of black colour. It is used to back up the facing sand and to fill the whole volume of the box. This sand is accumulated on the floor after casting and hence also known as floor sand.\r\n\r\n7. System Sand:\r\n\r\nThe sand employed in mechanical heavy castings and has high strength, permeability and refractoriness, is known as system sand. It is used for machine moulding to fill the whole flask. In machine moulding no facing sand is used. The system sand is cleaned and has special additives.\r\n\r\n8. Core Sand:\r\n\r\nA sand used for making cores is known as core sand. It is silica sand mixed with core oil (linseed oil, resin, mineral oil) and other binding materials (dextrine, corn flour, sodium silicate). It has remarkable compressive strength.\r\n\r\n9. Molasses Sand:\r\n\r\nA sand which carries molasses as a binder is known as molasses sand. It is used for core making and small castings of intricate shapes.\r\n\r\nmoulding sand\r\nProperties of Moulding Sand\r\nFollowing are the important properties of moulding sand:\r\n\r\n1. Porosity:\r\n\r\nPorosity also known as permeability is the most important property of the moulding sand. It is the ability of the moulding sand to allow gasses to pass through. Gasses and steam are generated during the pouring of molten metal into the sand cavity. This property depends not only on the shape and size of the particles of the sand but also on the amount of the clay, binding material, and moisture contents in the mixture.\r\n\r\n2. Cohesiveness:\r\n\r\nCohesiveness is the property of sand to hold its particles together. It may be defined as the strength of the moulding sand. This property plays a vital role in retaining intricate shapes of the mould.\r\n\r\nInsufficient strength may lead to a collapse in the mould particles during handling, turning over, or closing.\u00a0Clay and bentonite improves the cohesiveness.\r\n\r\n3. Adhesiveness:\r\n\r\nAdhesiveness is the property of sand due to which the sand particles sticks to the sides of the moulding box. Adhesiveness of sand enables the proper lifting of cope along with the sand.\r\n\r\n4. Plasticity:\r\n\r\nPlasticity is the property of the moulding sand by virtue of which it flows to all corners\u00a0around the mould when rammed, thus not providing any possibility of left out spaces, andacquires a predetermined shape under ramming pressure.\r\n\r\n5. Flow-Ability:\r\n\r\nFlow-ability is the ability of moulding sand to free flow and fill the recesses and the fine details in the pattern. It varies with moisture content.\r\n\r\n6. Collapsibility:\r\n\r\nCollapsibility is the property of sand due to which the sand mould collapse automatically after the solidification of the casting. The mould should disintegrate into small particles of moulding sand with minimum force after the casting is removed from it.\r\n\r\n7. Refractoriness:\r\n\r\nRefractoriness is the property of sand to withstand high temperature of molten metal without fusion or soften.\r\n\r\nMoulding sands with poor refractoriness may burn when the molten metal is poured into the mould. Usually, sand moulds should be able to withstand up to 1650\u00b0C.","headline":"Types of Moulding Sand | Properties of Moulding Sand","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-22","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/moulding-sand-300x213.jpg","height":213,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=136">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=135"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>135</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=136"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>136</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>137</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=138"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>138</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=139"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>139</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=138">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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