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               In this process, metals and alloys are plastically deformed into semi finished or finished...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-of-rolling-operation/" aria-label="View Post: Basic Of Rolling Operation and Nomenclature of Rolled Products">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Basic Of Rolling Operation and Nomenclature of Rolled Products","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/basic-of-rolling-operation\/","articleBody":"Basic Of Rolling Operation and Nomenclature of Rolled Products\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0In this process, metals and alloys are plastically deformed into semi finished or finished products by being pressed between two rolls which are rotating. The metal is initially pushed into the space between two rolls, thereafter once the roll takes a \u2018\u2018bite\u2019\u2019 into the edge of the material, the material gets pulled in by the friction between the surfaces of the rolls and the material. The material is subjected to high compressive force as it is squeezed (and pulled along) by the rolls. This is a process to deal with material in bulk in which the cross-section of material is reduced and its length increased. The final cross-section is determined by the impression cut in the roll surface through which the material passes and into which it is compressed. The essentials of the rolling process can be understood from the Fig.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its recrystallization temperature, then the process is termed as hot rolling. If the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature, the process is termed as cold rolling. In terms of usage, hot rolling processes more tonnage than any other manufacturing process and cold rolling processes the most tonnage out of all cold working processes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRolling Operation\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 There are many types of rolling processes, including ring rolling, roll bending, roll forming, profile rolling, and controlled rolling.\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0In a rolling mill attached to a steel plant, the starting point is a cast ingot of steel which is broken down progressively into blooms, billets and slabs. The slabs are further hot rolled into plate, sheet, rod, bar, rails and other structural shapes like angles, channels etc,. Conversion of steel into such commercially important sections is usually done in another rolling mill called merchant mill.\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Rolling is a very convenient and economical way of producing commercially important sections. In the case of steel, about three-fourth\u2019s of all steel produced in the country is ultimately sold as a rolled product and remaining is used as forgings, extruded products and in cast form. This shows the importance of rolling process.\r\n\r\nNOMENCLATURE OF ROLLED PRODUCTS\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRolling Nomenclature\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe following nomenclature is in common usage:\u00a0\r\n(i) Blooms:\u00a0\r\nIt is the first product obtained from the breakdown of Ingots. A bloom has a cross-section ranging in size from 150 mm square to 250 mm square or sometimes 250 \u00d7 300 mm rectangle.\r\n\r\n(ii) Billet:\u00a0\r\nA billet is the next product rolled from a bloom. Billets vary from 50 mm square to 125 mm square.\r\n\r\n(iii) Slab:\u00a0\r\nSlab is of rectangular cross-section with thickness ranging from 50 to 150 mm and is available in lengths up to 1.5 metres.\r\n\r\n(iv) Plate:\u00a0\r\nA plate is generally 5 mm or thicker and is 1.0 or 1.25 metres in width and 2.5 metres in length.\r\n\r\n(v) Sheet:\u00a0\r\nA sheet is up to 4 mm thick and is available in same width and length as a plate.\r\n\r\n(vi) Flat:\u00a0\r\nFlats are available in various thickness and widths and are long strips of material of specified cross-section.\r\n\r\n(vii) Foil:\u00a0\r\nIt is a very thin sheet.\r\n\r\n(viii) Bar:\u00a0\r\nBars are usually of circular cross-section and of several metres length. They are com-mon stock (raw material) for capstan and turret lathes.\r\n\r\n(ix) Wire:\r\nA wire is a length (usually in coil form) of a small round section; the diameter of which specifies the size of the wire.","headline":"Basic Of Rolling Operation and Nomenclature of Rolled Products","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-04-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/sheet-rolling-machineoperation.jpg","height":200,"width":267},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-cutting-speedfeed-depth-of-cu/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/lathe-machine-cutting-speed-depth-of-cut-and-feed-300x186.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-cutting-speedfeed-depth-of-cu/">What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Cutting Speed, Feed, Depth Of Cut in Machine tools
After reading this article you will learn about the concept of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut.
Cutting Speed : 
Cutting speed is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-cutting-speedfeed-depth-of-cu/" aria-label="View Post: What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-cutting-speedfeed-depth-of-cu\/","articleBody":"What is Cutting Speed, Feed, Depth Of Cut in Machine tools\r\nAfter reading this article you will learn about the concept of cutting speed, feed and depth of cut.\r\nCutting Speed :\u00a0\r\nCutting speed is defined as the speed at which the work moves concerning the tool (usually measured in feet per minute).\r\n\r\n\r\nThe cutting speed, expressed in FPM, must not be confused with the spindle speed of the lathe which is expressed in RPM. To obtain uniform cutting speed, the lathe spindle must be revolved faster for workplaces of small diameter and slower for workplaces of large diameter. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCutting Speed, Feed, Depth of cut\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe proper cutting speed for a given job depends upon the hardness of the material being machined, the material of the tool bit, and how much feed and depth of cut is required. Cutting speeds for metal are usually expressed in surface feet per minute, measured on the circumference of the work\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCutting Speed, Feed, Depth Of Cut in Machine tools\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nCutting Speed Calculation :\u00a0\r\nCutting Speed is the speed at which the metal is removed by the cutting tool from the workpiece. In the case of lathe machine cutting speed is the peripheral speed of the work past the cutting tool. It is expressed in meter\/min. or mm\/min.\r\nCutting speed (V) = \u03c0 DN\/60 \u00d7 1000 mm\/min\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWhere D = diameter of the workpiece (mm)\r\n\r\nN = rpm of the work\r\n\r\nCutting speed depends upon the following factors:\r\n\r\ni. Tool material.\r\n\r\nii. Work material.\r\n\r\niii. Depth of cut.\r\n\r\niv. Tool geometry.\r\n\r\nv. Type of machine tool.\r\n\r\nvi. Surface quality required.\r\n\r\n\r\nFeed rate :\u00a0\r\n\r\nFeed rate is defined as the distance the tool travels during one revolution of the part. Cutting speed and feed determines the surface finish, power requirements, and material removal rate. The primary factor in choosing feed and speed is the material to be cut. However, one should also consider the material of the tool, rigidity of the workpiece, size and condition of the lathe, and depth of cut. For most Aluminum alloys, on a roughing cut (.010 to .020 inches depth of cut) run at 600 fpm. On a finishing cut (.002 to .010 depth of cut) run at 1000 fpm. To calculate the proper spindle speed, divide the desired cutting speed by the circumference of the work. Experiment with feed rates to achieve the desired finish. In considering the depth of cut, it's important to remember that for each thousandth depth of cut, the working diameter is reduced by two thousandths.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDepth of Cut\r\nThe depth of cut is the distance that the tool bit moves into the work. usually measured in thousandths of an inch or millimeters. General machine practice is to use a depth of cut up to five times the rate of feed, such as rough cutting stainless steel using a feed of 0.020 inches per revolution and a depth of cut of 0.100 inch. which would reduce the diameter by 0.200 inch. If chatter marks or machine noise develops, reduce the depth of cut.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIt is the total amount of metal removed per pass of the cutting tool. It is expressed in mm. It can vary and depend upon the type of tool and work material. Mathematically, it is half of the difference of diameters.\r\n\r\nDepth of cut (t) = D-d\/2 mm\r\n\r\nwhere, D = outer diameter, (mm)\r\n\r\nd = Inner diameter (mm)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nMachine Tool Articles , notes , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nMachine Shop Projects List , Abstract\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report","headline":"What is Cutting Speed,Feed ,Depth Of Cut in Machine tools","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-04-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"April 16, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/lathe-machine-cutting-speed-depth-of-cut-and-feed-300x186.jpg","height":186,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-objective-questions-mcq/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MECHANICALMCQ-300x224.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-objective-questions-mcq/">Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ .  Mechanical MCQ  1. The hardest known material is
a) Ceramic
b) High speed steel
c) Cemented carbide
d) Diamond  2....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-objective-questions-mcq/" aria-label="View Post: Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-objective-questions-mcq\/","articleBody":"Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ .\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical MCQ\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. The hardest known material is\r\na) Ceramic\r\nb) High speed steel\r\nc) Cemented carbide\r\nd) Diamond\r\n\r\n2. Which of the following welding process uses consumable electrodes\r\na) TIG\r\nb) MIG\r\nc) Thermit\r\nd) Laser\r\n\r\n3. Wire is made by\r\na) Drawing\r\nb) Forging\r\nc) Rolling\r\nd) Casting\r\n\r\n4. A 1000 tonne press implies that\r\na) The weight of press is 1000 tonne\r\nb) The press can handle works weighing up to 1000 tonne\r\nc) It can exert pressure up to 1000 tonne\r\nd) Its turn over in a day is 1000 tonne\r\n\r\n5. Swaging is an operation of\r\na) Extrusion\r\nb) Forging\r\nc) Casting\r\nd) Rolling\r\n\r\n6. Which of the following is the most ductile material\r\na) Lead\r\nb) Copper\r\nc) Mild steel\r\nd) Vanadium\r\n\r\n7. Casting defects caused by the molten metal is\r\na) Blow holes\r\nb) Swell\r\nc) Scab\r\nd) All of the above\r\n\r\n8. Forming operation which does not involve rotation of work piece is\r\na) Spinning\r\nb) Thread rolling\r\nc) Ring rolling d) Upsetting\r\n\r\n9. Seamless rings are made by the process\r\na) Super-plastic forming\r\nb) Mandrel forging\r\nc) Ring rolling\r\nd) Diffusion bonding\r\n\r\n10. Trimming process is associated with\r\na) Polishing of metals\r\nb) Machining\r\nc) Electroplating\r\nd) Forging\r\n\r\n11. Brinell hardness tester uses a hardened steel ball of size\r\na) 1 mm\r\nb) 5 mm\r\nc) 10 mm\r\nd) 15 mm\r\n\r\n12. The crystal structure of alpha iron\r\na) BCC\r\nb) FCC\r\nc) HCP\r\nd) Cubic\r\n\r\n13. The phenomenon of weld decay occurs in\r\na) Cast iron\r\nb) Brass\r\nc) Bronze\r\nd) Stainless steel\r\n\r\n14. Turbine rotor is made by\r\na) Rolling\r\nb) Sand casting\r\nc) Forging\r\nd) Extrusion\r\n\r\n15. Greater forging capacity is achieved with\r\na) Mechanical press\r\nb) Power hammer\r\nc) Hydraulic press\r\nd) Non of them\r\n\r\n16. Spring back phenomenon occurs in\r\na) Forging\r\nb) Hot penning\r\nc) Spinning\r\nd) Bending\r\n\r\n17. Pre heating is essential in welding of\r\na) High speed steel\r\nb) German steel\r\nc) Stainless steel\r\nd) Cast iron\r\n\r\n18. The transistor is made of\r\na) Silver\r\nb) Germanium\r\nc) Copper\r\nd) Cast iron\r\n\r\n19. Foundry crucible is made of\r\na) Stainless steel\r\nb) Mild steel\r\nc) Lead\r\nd) Graphite\r\n\r\n20. Age hardening is related with\r\na) Stainless steel\r\nb) Duralumin\r\nc) Gun metal\r\nd) Cast iron\r\n\r\n21. In hot working process\r\na) Poor surface finish is produced\r\nb) Scale formed\r\nc) Close tolerance is difficult to maintain\r\nd) All of the above\r\n\r\n22. Forming operation which does not involve rotation of work piece is\r\na) Spinning\r\nb) Thread rolling\r\nc) Ring rolling\r\nd) Upsetting\r\n\r\n23. Casting defects caused by the molten metal is\r\na) Blow holes\r\nb) Swell\r\nc) Scab\r\nd) All of the above\r\n\r\n24. Severe quenching can cause\r\na) Blow holes\r\nb) Warping\r\nc) Inclusions\r\nd) Non of them\r\n\r\n25. Sprue in casting refers to\r\na) Gate\r\nb) Runner\r\nc) Riser\r\nd) Vertical passage\r\n\r\n26. Fettling is an operation performed\r\na) Before casting\r\nb) After casting\r\nc) During casting\r\nd) After heat treatment\r\n\r\n27. Slag inclusion in the casting is a\r\na) Surface defects\r\nb) Internal defect\r\nc) Crack\r\nd) Notch\r\n\r\n28. Draft on pattern means\r\nb) Allowance for machining\r\nc) Locating pad\r\nd) Compensate for stripping\r\ne) Compensation for shrinkage\r\n\r\n29. The tool life is influenced maximum by\r\na) Cutting speed\r\nb) Tool material and geometry\r\nc) Cutting fluid\r\nd) Surface conditions of the workpiece\r\ne) Skill of the operator\r\n\r\n30. Tool life may be measured by the\r\na) Total time the tool has been in contact with the job\r\nb) Quantity of material removed between the total sharpening\r\nc) Number of work pieces machined between tool sharpening\r\nd) Time for the flank wear to reach a certain dimension\r\ne) Any one of the above\r\n\r\n31. Choose the coolant that would be most appropriate for light cuts on aluminum alloys\r\na) Kerosene\r\nb) Mineral oil\r\nc) Soluble oil or emulsions\r\nd) Straight fatty oil\r\n\r\n32. Which is not the primary function of coolant in a metal cutting operation\r\na) To cool the tool and work piece and conduct the heat generated\r\nb) To improve the cutting action\r\nc) To help in giving bright shining surface to the job\r\nd) To reduce the friction at the cutting point\r\n\r\n33. The cutting speed of a tool refers to\r\na) Revolution made by the tool in a specified time\r\nb) Revolutions turned by the job in a specified time\r\nc) Distance travelled by the tool in one revolution of the job\r\nd) Rate at which cutting edge of the tool passes over the surface of work piece\r\n\r\n34. Tool signature\r\na) Is a pictorial view of the tool\r\nb) Outlines the orthographic projection of the tool\r\nc) Represents complete specification of the tool\r\nd) Is a numerical method of tool identification\r\ne) Indicate life of tool\r\n\r\n35. With an increase in nose radius of single point cutting tools\r\na) Tool life increases\r\nb) Excessive heat is generated\r\nc) Surface finish deteriorates\r\nd) Cutting speeds have to be kept small\r\n\r\n36. Single point thread cutting tool should ideally have\r\na) Zero rack angle\r\nb) Positive rack\r\nc) Negative rack\r\nd) Normal rack\r\n\r\n37. Cutting tool may be provided with large positive rack angle to\r\na) Have a better heat dissipation\r\nb) Avoid rubbing with the finished surface\r\nc) Increase the strength of cutting edge\r\nd) Reduce the magnitude of cutting forces\r\n\r\n38. The angle between the face and the flank of the single point cutting tool is known as\r\na) Rack angle\r\nb) Clearance angle\r\nc) Lip angle\r\nd) Point angle\r\n\r\n39. In metal cutting operation, the cutting angle is defined as the angle\r\na) between the flank and the horizontal machined surface\r\nb) between the shear plane and the direction of tool travel\r\nc) between the face of tool and the line tangent to the machined surface at the cutting point\r\nd) between the tool face and the ground end surface of flank\r\n\r\n40. The angle between the tool face and the plane parallel to the base of the cutting tool is called\r\na) Lip angle\r\nb) Cutting angle\r\nc) Rack angle\r\nd) Shear angle\r\n\r\n41. Identify the single point cutting tool\r\na) Milling cutter\r\nb) Hacksaw blade\r\nc) Grinding wheel\r\nd) Cutting tool used in a slotting machine\r\n\r\n42. Crater wear is predominant in\r\na) Carbon tool steels\r\nb) Tungsten carbide tools\r\nc) High speed steel tools\r\nd) Ceramic tools\r\n\r\n43. The crater wear of a cutting tool is due to\r\na) Chemical action of the coolant\r\nb) Excessive heat generated during cutting operation\r\nc) Rubbing of tool against the work piece\r\nd) Abrasive action of the chip\r\n\r\n44. Which part of the cutting tool is prone to crater wear\r\na) Flank\r\nb) Face\r\nc) Shank\r\nd) Base\r\n\r\n45. Metric thread have included angle:\r\na) 60\u00b0\r\nb) 55\u00b0\r\nc) 30\u00b0\r\nd) None\r\n\r\n46. During manufacturing of spring, the coiling pitch is assumed to be larger than specified pitch by\r\na) 5-8%\r\nb) 10-12%\r\nc) 2-5%\r\nd) none\r\n\r\n47. Stretching of rolled rings is done to\r\na) To meet dimensional requirement\r\nb) To relieve stresses\r\nc) To introduce stresses\r\nd) To improve finish\r\n\r\n48. Liquid nitrogen containers can be made from\r\na) Ferritic stainless steel\r\nb) HSLA steel\r\nc) Titanium\r\nd) Austenitic stainless steel\r\n\r\n49. Shell moulding process requires\r\na) Wooden pattern\r\nb) Plastic pattern\r\nc) Sand pattern\r\nd) Metal pattern\r\n\r\n50. The material of pattern in the investment casting is\r\na) Resin\r\nb) Sand\r\nc) Wax\r\nd) Wood\r\n\r\n51. Polymerization is associated with\r\na) Stainless steel\r\nb) Cast iron\r\nc) Thermoplastic\r\nd) Duralumin\r\n\r\n52. Which of the following is a non-destructive test\r\na) Impact test\r\nb) Charpy test\r\nc) Cupping test\r\nd) Radiography test\r\n\r\n53. The main purpose of heat treatment of steels is to change the\r\na) Chemical composition\r\nb) Mechanical properties\r\nc) Surface finish\r\nd) Physical properties\r\n\r\n54. Normalizing operation is carried out in\r\na) Water\r\nb) Oil\r\nc) Air\r\nd) Furnace\r\n\r\n55. What size of material required for making rolled threads?\r\n(a) Pitch diameter\r\n(b) Root diameter\r\n(c) Major diameter\r\n(d) None\r\n\r\n56. Mohr\u2019s circle can be used to determine following stress on inclined surface\r\n(a) Principal stresses\r\n(b) Normal stresses\r\n(c) Maximum shear stresses\r\n(d) All of the above\r\n\r\n57. What is Hertzian stress?\r\n(a) Tensile stress on inner surface of cylinder\r\n(b) Bending stress on two contact surface\r\n(c) Contact stress on two contact surfaces\r\n(d) Shear stress on two contact surfaces\r\n\r\n58. Antifriction bearings are\r\n(a) Thick lubricated bearing\r\n(b) Thin lubricated bearing\r\n(c) Ball &amp; roller bearing\r\n(d) Plastic bearing\r\n\r\n59. When two elastic bodies collide with each other\r\n(a) Two bodies will momentarily come to rest after collision\r\n(b) The two bodies tend to compress &amp; deform at the surface of contact\r\n(c) Two bodies begins to retain their original shape\r\n(d) All of the above\r\n\r\n60. Teflon is used for bearings because of\r\n(a) Low co-efficient of friction\r\n(b) Better heat dissipation\r\n(c) Smaller space constraint\r\n(d) All of the above\r\n\r\n61. Backlash is\r\n(a) Sum of the clearance of two gears\r\n(b) Mutual play between two gears\r\n(c) Amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the thickness of the engaging tooth on pitch circle\r\n(d) Any of the above\r\n\r\n62. Principle effect of humidity is\r\n(a) Corrosion\r\n(b) Leaking from sealed enclosures\r\n(c) Permanent set of packing and gaskets\r\n(d) Differential contraction of metal parts\r\n\r\n63. Stress concentration factor is defined as ratio of\r\n(a) Max stress to endurance limit\r\n(b) Nominal stress to endurance limit\r\n(c) Max stress to nominal stress\r\n(d) Nominal stress to max stress\r\n\r\n64. A bolt of uniform strength can be developed by\r\n(a) Keeping the core dia of threads equal to the dia of unthreaded ortion of bolt\r\n(b) Keeping the core dia of threads smaller than the dia of unthreaded portion of bolt\r\n(c) Keeping the nominal dia of threads equal to the dia of unthreaded portion of bolt\r\n(d) None of the above\r\n\r\n65. A closed cycle gas turbine works on\r\n(a) Carnot cycle\r\n(b) Rankine cycle\r\n(c) Joule cycle\r\n(d) Atkinson cycle\r\n\r\n66. Thermal efficiency of a gas turbine plant as compared to diesel engine plant\r\n(a) Higher\r\n(b) Lower\r\n(c) Same\r\n(d) May be higher or lower\r\n\r\n67. Centre of pressure of an aerofoil with an increase of angle of attack will\r\n(a) Move forward\r\n(b) Move backward\r\n(c) Not move\r\n(d) None of the above\r\n\r\n68. Short columns are preferred over long columns from\r\n(a) Strength consideration\r\n(b) Buckling consideration\r\n(c) Weight consideration\r\n(d) None of the above\r\n\r\n69. Mass balancing is done to\r\n(a) Avoid flutter\r\n(b) Increase bending stress\r\n(c) Reduce drag\r\n(d) Distributing mass on control surface\r\n\r\n70. Slow plastic deformation of material under constant stress is\r\n(a) Creep\r\n(b) Fatigue\r\n(c) Endurance\r\n(d) Elastic deformation\r\n\r\n71. Pitot tube is used for measurement of\r\n(a) Pressure\r\n(b) Temperature\r\n(c) Discharge\r\n(d) Velocity\r\n\r\n72. In a refrigeration cycle, the moisture content is to be removed before it enters into which system\r\nA. Cold side of system\r\nB. Evaporator\r\nC. compressor\r\nD. condenser\r\n\r\n73. In one ton refrigeration machine, the term \u201cone ton\u201d implies\r\nA. One ton refrigerant is used\r\nB. One ton water can be converted into ice\r\nC. One ton ice when melts from and at 0oC in 24 hours, the refrigerating effects is equivalent to 3000 kcal\/hour\r\nD. None of the above\r\n\r\n74. Capillary action of liquid is due to the\r\nA. Viscosity of liquid\r\nB. Cohesion of liquid particles\r\nC. Surface tension\r\nD. Adhesion of liquid particles on the surface\r\n\r\n75. Cavitation in a pipe will begin when\r\nA. Pressure at any location reaches pressure equal to the saturated vapour pressure of liquid\r\nB. Pressure becomes more than critical pressure\r\nC. Flow is increased\r\nD. Pressure is increased\r\n\r\n76. During idling process, a petrol engine requires\r\nA. Lean mixture\r\nB. Rich mixture\r\nC. Variable mixture\r\nD. None of above\r\n\r\n77. A two-stroke engine is generally preferred to a four-stroke engine because\r\nA. It offers low fuel consumption\r\nB. It gives lesser shocks and vibrations\r\nC. It can be easily started\r\nD. It has smaller size for the same output.\r\n\r\n78. In internal combustion engine piston the maximum temperature occurs at\r\nA. Ring section\r\nB. Gungeon pin\r\nC. Bottom centre\r\nD. Top centre\r\n\r\n79. Power available at the shaft of an I.C engine is known is\r\nA. Brake horse power\r\nB. Indicated horse power\r\nC. Net indicated horse power\r\nD. Pumping power\r\n\r\n80. In internal combustion (I.C.) engines, combustion of fuel takes place in\r\nA. Outside the cylinder\r\nB. Inside the cylinder\r\nC. Not in the cylinder\r\nD. None of the above\r\n\r\n81. In an I \u2013section beam, the bending moment is resisted mainly by\r\nA. Flanges only\r\nB. Web only\r\nC. Both by flanges and web\r\nD. None of the above\r\n\r\n82. In a rectangular beam, when width, depth and length are doubled, the bending stress will be\r\nA. Shall remain unchanged\r\nB. Shall be doubled\r\nC. Shall become \u00bc th\r\nD. Shall be halved\r\n\r\n83. In a cantilever beam, maximum deflection occurs at where\r\nA. Bending moment is zero\r\nB. Bending moment is maximum\r\nC. Shear force is zero\r\nD. Slope is zero\r\n\r\n84. A hollow shaft of same cross-section area as solid shaft transmits\r\nA. Same torque\r\nB. Less torque\r\nC. More torque\r\nD. Unpredictable\r\n\r\n85. With rise in temperature , the specific heat of water\r\na) increases\r\nb) decreases\r\nc) first decreases to minimum and then increases\r\nd) remains constant\r\n\r\n86. A system comprising of a single phase , is known as\r\na) Open system\r\nb) Closed system\r\nc) Homogenous system\r\nd) Heterogeneous system\r\n\r\n\r\n87. In laminar flow , maximum velocity at the centre of the pipe is how many times the\u00a0average velocity?\r\na) 2\r\nb) 3\r\nc) 4\r\nd) None of these\r\n\r\n88. The flow of water in the pipe of diameter 3000 mm can be measured by\r\na) Venturimeter\r\nb) Rotameter\r\nc) Pilot tube\r\nd) Orifice plate\r\n\r\n89. The starting torque of slip ring induction motor is increased by\r\na) Adding external resistance to the rotor\r\nb) Adding external induction to the rotor\r\nc) Increasing the voltage fed to the motor\r\nd) Adding external capacitance to the rotor\r\n\r\n90. The function of commutator in a DC machine is\r\na) To improve commutation\r\nb) To improve efficiency of motor\r\nc) To change alternative voltage to direct\r\nd) To change direct voltage to alternative voltage\r\n\r\n91. If A.C. is fed by mistake to a DC motor then DC motor will\r\na) Burn as the eddy current in the field produce heat\r\nb) Run at its normal speed\r\nc) Run at a lower speed\r\nd) Run continuously but the sparking takes place at the brushes\r\n\r\n92. A floating battery is one\r\na) Which is getting charged\r\nb) In which feeding loads\r\nc) In which battery voltage is equal to charger voltage\r\nd) Which gets charged and discharged simultaneously\r\n\r\n93. Which of the following parameter will be more for 16 gauge copper wire in comparison to 14 gauge copper wire\r\na) Cost\r\nb) Strength\r\nc) Resistance\r\nd) Weight\r\n\r\n94. The induction of a coil can be increased by\r\na) Decreasing number of turns\r\nb) Increasing core length\r\nc) Using core material of highly relative permeability\r\nd) None of the above\r\n\r\n95. Which of the following displays has minimum power consumption\r\na) light emitting diode (LED)\r\nb) liquid crystal display (LCD)\r\nc) nixie tube\r\nd) fluorescent\r\n\r\n96. Transistor interjunction capacitance causes the following in the amplifier\r\na) noise\r\nb) harmonic distortion\r\nc) phase shift\r\nd) parasitic oscillation\r\n\r\n97. Which of the following rays has the lowest wavelength\r\na) radio waves\r\nb) x rays\r\nc) infrared waves\r\nd) ultraviolet waves\r\n\r\n98. The weight of one cubic meter of air would be around\r\na) 13 gm\r\nb) 130 gm\r\nc) 1300 gm\r\nd) 13000 gm\r\n\r\n99. A real gas compared to idle gas at very high pressure occupies\r\na) Less volume\r\nb) More volume\r\nd) Same volume\r\nc) More\/less depending on gas\r\n\r\n100. Sea water as compared to distilled water will boil at\r\na) Same temperature\r\nb) Higher temperature\r\nc) Lower temperature\r\nd) Unpredictable\r\n\r\n101. Which of the following has least hardness\r\na) Diamond\r\nb) Topaz\r\nc) Quartz\r\nd) Talc\r\n\r\n102. A solution that can resist change in its pH on addition of alkali\/acid is called\r\na) Buffer solution\r\nb) Neutral solution\r\nc) Ideal solution\r\nd) Zero pH solution\r\n\r\n103. Brinell number of a metal or an alloy is a measure of its\r\na) tensile strength\r\nb) toughness\r\nc) malleability\r\nd) hardness\r\n\r\n104. Which of the following materials has a linear stress strain curve\r\na) low carbon steel\r\nb) copper\r\nc) aluminium\r\nd) rubber\r\n\r\n105. For a solid cone of height h, the CG lies on the axis at the distance above the base equal to\r\na) h\/4\r\nb) h\/3\r\nc) 2h\/3\r\nd) 3h\/8\r\n\r\n106. A particle covers equal distance around circular path in equal intervals of time. Which of the following parameters connected with the motion of particle remains constant with time?\r\na) displacement\r\nb) speed\r\nc) velocity\r\nd) acceleration\r\n\r\n107. In simple harmonic motion , acceleration is proportional to\r\na) displacement\r\nb) linear velocity\r\nc) angular velocity\r\nd) rate of change of angular velocity\r\n\r\n108. A Body is dropped from rest at height h. It covers a distance of 9\/25 h in the last\r\nsecond. The height is about\r\na) 100 m\r\nb) 115 m\r\nc) 125 m\r\nd) 150 m\r\n\r\n109. A system of three forces acts on a body and keeps it in equilibrium. The forces need to be\r\na) Coplanar Only\r\nb) Concurrent Only\r\nc) Coplanar as well as Concurrent\r\nd) Coplanar but may be or may not be Concurrent\r\n\r\n110. All of the following are scalar quantities except\r\na) Energy\r\nb) Temperature\r\nc) Time\r\nd) Displacement\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nIndustrial Engineering Notes , Articles , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Most frequently asked mechanical Objective Questions MCQ","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-03-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/MECHANICALMCQ-300x224.jpg","height":224,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-considerations-in-casting/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/pattern-300x224.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN  CASTING PATTERN MAKING</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-considerations-in-casting/">DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN  CASTING PATTERN MAKING</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN PATTERN MAKING  PATTERN
A pattern is a model or the replica of the object (to be casted). It is embedded in molding sand and suitable ramming of molding sand around the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-considerations-in-casting/" aria-label="View Post: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN  CASTING PATTERN MAKING">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN  CASTING PATTERN MAKING","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-considerations-in-casting\/","articleBody":"DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN PATTERN MAKING\r\n\r\nPATTERN\r\nA pattern is a model or the replica of the object (to be casted). It is embedded in molding sand and suitable ramming of molding sand around the pattern is made. The pattern is then withdrawn for generating cavity (known as mold) in molding sand. Thus it is a mould forming tool. Pattern can be said as a model or the replica of the object to be cast except for the\r\nvarious allowance a pattern exactly resembles the casting to be made. It may be defined as a model or form around which sand is packed to give rise to a cavity known as mold cavity in which when molten metal is poured, the result is the cast object. When this mould\/cavity is filled with molten metal, molten metal solidifies and produces a casting (product). So the pattern is the replica of the casting.\r\n\r\nSee also:Introduction To Pattern | Types Of Pattern used in Casting\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThe following considerations should always be kept in mind while designing a pattern.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nPattern Example\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. All Abrupt changes in section of the pattern should be avoided as far as possible.\r\n2. Parting line should be selected carefully, so as to allow as small portion of the pattern as far as possible in the cope area\r\n3. The thickness and section of the pattern should be kept as uniform as possible.\r\n4. Sharp corners and edges should be supported by suitable fillets or otherwise rounded of. It will facilitate easy withdrawal of pattern, smooth flow of molten metal and ensure a sound casting.\r\n5. Surfaces of the casting which are specifically required to be perfectly sound and clean should be so designed that they will be molded in the drag because the possible defects due to loose sand and inclusions will occur in the cope.\r\n6. As far as possible, full cores should be used instead of cemented half cores for reducing cost and for accuracy.\r\n7. For mass production, the use of several patterns in a mould with common riser is to be preferred.\r\n8. The pattern should have very good surface finish as it directly affects the corresponding finish of the casting.\r\n9. Shape and size of the casting and that of the core should be carefully considered to decide the size and location of the core prints.\r\n10. Proper material should always be selected for the pattern after carefully analyzing the factors responsible for their selection.\r\n11. Try to employ full cores always instead of jointed half cores as far as possible. This will reduce cost and ensure greater dimensional accuracy.\r\n12. The use of offset parting, instead of cores as for as possible should be encouraged to the great extent.\r\n13. For large scale production of small castings, the use of gated or match- plate patterns should be preferred wherever the existing facilities permit.\r\n14. If gates, runners and risers are required to be attached with the pattern, they should be properly located and their sudden variation in dimensions should be avoided.\r\n15. Wherever there is a sharp corner, a fillet should be provided, and the corners may be rounded up for easy withdrawal of patterns as well as easy flow of molten metal in the mould.\r\n16. Proper allowances should be provided, wherever necessary.\r\n17. As for as possible, the pattern should have a good surface finish because the surface finish of the casting depends totally on the surface finish of the pattern and the kind of facing of the mold cavity\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS IN  CASTING PATTERN MAKING","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-03-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/pattern-300x224.jpg","height":224,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-milling-cutters-used-for/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/typesofmillingmachinecutters-300x182.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-milling-cutters-used-for/">Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation
Milling cutters are cutting tools typically used in milling machines or machining centres to perform milling operations (and occasionally...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-milling-cutters-used-for/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-milling-cutters-used-for\/","articleBody":"Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation\r\nMilling cutters are cutting tools typically used in milling machines or machining centres to perform milling operations (and occasionally in other machine tools). They remove material by their movement within the machine (e.g., a ball nose mill) or directly from the cutter's shape (e.g., a form tool such as a hobbing cutter).\r\n\r\n\r\nMilling cutters are made in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. . Milling cutters may be classified in various ways, such as purpose or use of the cutters (Woodruff keyseat cutters, T-slot cutters, gear cutters, etc.); construction characteristics (solid cutters, carbidetipped cutters, etc.); method of mounting (arbor type, shank type, etc.); and relief of teeth. The latter has two categories: profile cutters which produce flat, curved, or irregular surfaces, with the cutter teeth sharpened on the land; and formed cutters which are sharpened on the face to retain true cross-sectional form of the cutter.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ntypes of milling machine cutters\r\n\r\n\r\nTwo kinds of milling are generally considered to represent all forms of milling processes: peripheral (slab) and face milling. In the peripheral milling process the axis of the cutter is parallel to the surface milled, whereas in face milling, the cutter axis is generally at a right angle to the surface. The peripheral-milling process is also divided into two types: conventional (up) milling and climb (down) milling. Each has its advantages, and the choice depends on a number of factors such as the type and condition of the equipment, tool life, surface finish, and machining parameters.\r\n\r\n\r\nTYPES OF MILLING CUTTERS\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nMilling cutters are made in various forms to perform certain classes of work, and they may be classified as:\u00a0\r\n(1) Plain milling cutters,\u00a0\r\n(2) Side milling cutters,\u00a0\r\n(3) Face milling cutter,\u00a0\r\n(4) Angle milling cutters,\u00a0\r\n(5) End milling cutter,\u00a0\r\n(6) Fly cutter,\u00a0\r\n(7) T-slot milling cutter,\u00a0\r\n(8) Formed cutters,\u00a0\r\n(9) Metal slitting saw,\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ntypes of milling cutter\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMilling cutters may have teeth on the periphery or ends only, or on both the periphery and ends. Peripheral teeth may be straight or parallel to the cutter axis, or they may be helical, sometimes referred as spiral teeth.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n More Resources \/articles\r\n\r\n Manufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMachine Tool Articles , notes , Interview Que &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Types Of Milling Cutters used For Various Milling Operation","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-03-24","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/typesofmillingmachinecutters-300x182.jpg","height":182,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-gears-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/gears-types-300x207.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Gears | Material Used For Gears |  Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-gears-application/">Types Of Gears | Material Used For Gears |  Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Gears, Material Used For Gears,Design Specification and  Application 
Gears are Power transmission elements. It is the Gears that decides the torque, speed and direction of rotation of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-gears-application/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Gears | Material Used For Gears |  Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Gears | Material Used For Gears |  Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-gears-application\/","articleBody":"Types Of Gears, Material Used For Gears,Design Specification and \u00a0Application\u00a0\r\nGears are Power transmission elements. It is the Gears that decides the torque, speed and direction of rotation of all the driven machine elements. Broadly speaking, Gear types may be grouped into five major categories. They are Spur, Helical, Bevel, Hypoid, and Worm. A lot of intricacies are there in the different types of gears. Actually The choice of gear type is not a very easy process. It is dependent on a number of considerations. Factors that go into it are physical space and shaft arrangement, gear ratio, load, accuracy and quality level.\r\nTypes of Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nTypes of Gears Used In Mechanical Power Transmission\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA number of gears are manufactured using different materials and with different performance specifications depending on the industrial application. These gears are available in a range of capacities, sizes and speed ratios, but the main function is to convert the input of a prime mover into an output with high torque and low RPM. These range of gears find use in almost every industry right from agriculture to aerospace, from mining to paper and pulp industry.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSome of the popular types of gears in use are :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSpur Gears\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSpur gear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSpur gears are straight-toothed gears having radial teeth used to transmit power and motion between parallel axes. These gears are widely used for speed increase or reduction, high torque, resolution for positioning systems.These gears can either be mounted on a hub or a shaft. The gears are available in different size, design, shape and also offer a variety of features and functions to cater to different industrial requirements.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSpur gears are fabricated from superior quality materials, like:\r\n\r\n \tMetal- steel, cast iron, brass, bronze and stainless steel.\r\n \tPlastic- acetal, nylon and polycarbonate.\r\n\r\nMaterials used to manufacture these gears are used keeping in mind certain factors including design life, power transmission requirements, noise generation.\r\nImportant Specifications to be Considered\r\n\r\n \tGear center\r\n \tBore diameter\r\n \tShaft diameter\r\n\r\nUse of Spur Gears\r\nThese gears find wide application in a number of fields including :\r\n\r\n \tAutomobiles\r\n \tTextiles\r\n \tIndustrial engineering\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBevel Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nbevel-gear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBevel gears are mechanical devices used for transmitting mechanical power and motion. These gears are widely used for transmitting power and motion between nonparallel axes and are designed to transmit motion between intersecting axes, generally at right angles. The teeth on bevel gear can be straight, spiral or hypoid. The gears are suitable when the direction of a shaft's rotation needs to be changed.\r\n\r\nMaterials used\r\nMaterials used to manufacture these gears are used keeping in mind certain factors including design life, power transmission requirements, noise generation. Some of the important materials used are :\r\n\r\n \tMetal - Steel, cast iron and stainless steel.\r\n \tPlastic - Acetal and polycarbonate.\r\n\r\nImportant specifications to be considered\r\n\r\n \tGear center\r\n \tBore diameter\r\n \tShaft diameter\r\n\r\nUse of Bevel Gear\r\nThese gears find wide application in a number of fields including :\r\n\r\n \tAutomotive industry\r\n \tTextile industry\r\n \tIndustrial engineering products\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHelical Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nhelical gear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHelical gear is a popular type of gear having its teeth cut at an angle, thus allowing for more gradual and smoother meshing between gear wheels. The helical gears are a refinement over spur gears.The teeth on helical gears are specially cut at an angle, so as to face the gear. As two teeth on the gear system engage, it starts a contact on one end of the tooth which gradually spreads with the gear rotation, until the time when both the tooth are fully engaged.The gears are available in different sizes, shapes and designs to meet the customer specifications.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThese gears can be manufactured from superior quality materials including stainless steel, steel, cast iron, brass etc. depending on the application.\r\nUse of Helical Gears\r\nThese gears are used in areas requiring high speeds, large power transmission, or where noise prevention is important.\r\n\r\n \tAutomobiles\r\n \tTextile\r\n \tAerospace\r\n \tConveyors\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWorm Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nworm gear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA worm gear is a type of gear, engaging with a worm to significantly reduce rotational speed, or allowing higher torque to be transmitted. The gear can achieve a higher gear ratio than spur gears of the same size.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWorm gears can be constructed from a number of materials depending on the end application. Some of the popularly use materials are :\r\n\r\n \tBrass\r\n \tStainless steel\r\n \tCast iron\r\n \tAluminum\r\n \tHardened steel\r\n\r\nThe gears can operate under difficult conditions and have the ability to achieve large speed reductions. The gears also transmit high loads at high speed ratios.\r\nTypes of Worm Gears\r\n\r\n \tNon-throated\r\n \tSingle-throated\r\n \tDouble-throated\r\n\r\nUse of Worm Gears\r\nThese gears find application in :\r\n\r\n \tElectric motors\r\n \tAutomotive components\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nGround Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nGround Gears\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAs generally seen grinding is most of the time conceived in context of quantity fabrication of superior quality gears as a form of secondary refining procedure. We incline to forget that grinding is essentially a basic process in the step towards production of case hardened gears. Moreover, the teeth of precision-engineered fine-pitch gears completely ground from the blank itself.The advent of trawling also led to the development and manufacturing of Ground Gears. Ever since then ground gears have made substantial improvement in the terms of designing and component accuracy. These gears assure high transmission accuracy and deliver superior efficiency, greater load capacity, and correction of profile and durability.Ground gears can be made using different materials, such as cast iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, hardened steel, bronze, and more.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Ground Gears\u00a0\r\nGround Gears offer various advantages to its users, some of which are:\r\n\r\n \tHigh Precision:\u00a0Achieving high precision is not a difficult task for ground gears since in the grinding process, there is little removal of material in the final pass.\r\n \tSuperior Surface Finish:\u00a0Grinding makes the surface of ground gears more shiny than that obtained from any other machining technique.\r\n \tImproved Flexibility:\u00a0Hardened steel alloys can be used to developed into ground gears that gives its added flexibility.\r\n \tMinimal Surface Stress:\u00a0There is minimum residual surface stress in ground gears.\r\n \tLoad Carrying Capacity:\u00a0Ground Gears exhibit a higher load carrying capacity.\r\n \tMinimal Wear and Tear:\u00a0Ground gears have minimal wear and tear that results in prolonged life.\r\n\r\nLimitations of Ground Gears\r\n\r\nThough ground gears offer multiple benefits and advantages, they too have some limitations:\r\n\r\n \tThere is a limit to grinding procedures and that is to ferrous material.\r\n \tHard metals can be grind in an efficient and better way than the soft ones.\r\n \tIn case of worm or helical gears, grinding may not be the ideal solution. This is due to the reason that it often involves deviations in terms of removal and profile.\r\n \tGear grinding machines are not as popular as hobbing machinery.\r\n \tGrinding demands higher costs, as it is a secondary operation.\r\n\r\nApplications\r\nThese gears find wide application in a number of fields including :\r\n\r\n \tHigh Speed Rotation:\u00a0Ground gears are ideal for uses in applications that need noise and vibration resistance in the case of high-speed gear drives. An example can be that of ground spur gears.\r\n \tPositioning:\u00a0CP Racks and Pinions are recommended for perfect positioning applications. In these cases, ground gears are used in calculating for reducing pitch errors.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPrecision Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nprecision gears\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPrecision gears are custom-made actuators that can be designed for varying uses and applications. These gears are generally used in applications under conditions of light loading. Precision gears are generally preferred for their precise, smooth, compact, noiseless and reliable performance.Precision gears can be manufactured as per the customer's drawings or based on a functional description depending on the type of application. The different types of precision gear products include, - spur gears, helical gears, worm gears, anti-backlash gears, cluster gears, clutch gears, face gears, planetary gears, gear assemblies, gear boxes, bevel gears, miter gears, metric gears, internal gears, idler gears, gear rack &amp; pinion, worms, worm shafts, splines, spline shafts, se shafts, and more. These gears can be manufactured as per the exact customer specifications or according to application need.The quality and performance of a precision gear depends on the quality of blank in which it is cut. Thus it is essential to hold tight tolerances without grinding.Precision gears are known for their trouble free superior performance, long service life, and excellent surface finish and customization capability. These gears are used in a variety of industrial applications, such as heavy machinery Industry, metal casting, metal processing, construction, and more.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRack Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nrack and pinion\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA rack is generally used for converting rotational motion into linear motion. It is a flat bar onto which the teeth of a pinion gear are engaged. It is a kind of gear whose axis is at infinity. These gears are designed to accommodate a wide variety of applications.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\nA variety of materials are used keeping in mind the application. Some popularly used materials are :\r\n\r\n \tPlastic\r\n \tBrass\r\n \tSteel\r\n \tCast Iron\r\n\r\nThese gears ensure quieter and smoother operation. The mechanism provides less backlash and greater steering feel.\r\nUse of Rack Gear\r\nThe gear is commonly used in steering mechanism of cars. Other important applications of rack gears include :\r\n\r\n \tConstruction equipment\r\n \tMachine tools\r\n \tConveyors\r\n \tMaterial handling\r\n \tRoller feeds\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSprockets\r\n\r\n\r\nSprocket wheel\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA sprocket is a gear having metal teeth that meshes with a chain. Also known as a cog wheel, it is a small toothed ring that can fit onto the rear wheel. It is a thin wheel having teeth that engage with a chain.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\nA variety of materials can be used to manufacture superior quality sprockets used in different industries. Some of the materials used are :\r\n\r\n \tStainless steel\r\n \tHardened steel\r\n \tCast iron\r\n \tBrass\r\n\r\nUse of Sprockets\r\nThis simple gear finds application in diverse areas including :\r\n\r\n \tFood industry\r\n \tBicycles\r\n \tMotorcycles\r\n \tCars\r\n \tTanks\r\n \tIndustrial machines\r\n \tMovie projectors and cameras\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSegment Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nSegment Gears\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe segment gear, as the name suggests, is basically a gear wheel. These gear wheels are composed of a large number of pieces that are small parts of a circle. A segment gear is connected to the arms or trappings of the water wheel.The segment gear comes with a part for receiving or communicating the reciprocating motion from or to a cogwheel. These gears also comprise of a sector of a circular ring or gear. There are also cogs on the periphery.Segment Gears are available in various finishes, such as untreated or heat-treated and can be designed as a single component or as an entire system.\r\n\r\nApplications\r\n\r\nSegment gears, which are basically gear wheels, are used in variety of industrial uses and applications. These gears offer various advantages such as improved flexibility, superior surface finish, high precision and minimum wear and tear. Some of the uses of segment gears include:\r\n\r\n \tDefense\r\n \tRubber\r\n \tRailways\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPlanetary Gear\r\n\r\n\r\nPlanetary Gears\r\n\r\n\r\nPlanetary gear is an outer gear that revolves around a central sun gear. Planetary gears can produce different gear ratios depending on which gear is used as the input, which one is used as the output.\r\nMaterials Used\r\nThe gears can be constructed from a variety of materials including :\r\n\r\n \tStainless steel\r\n \tHardened steel\r\n \tCast iron\r\n \tAluminum\r\n\r\nThe gears are suitable for reduction of high RPM electric motors for use in high-torque low RPM applications. These gears are used in precision instruments because of their reliability and accuracy.\r\n\r\nUse of Planetary Gears\r\n\r\nThese gears are the most widely used gears having diverse applications including :\r\n\r\n \tSugar industry\r\n \tPower industry\r\n \tWind turbines\r\n \tMarine industry\r\n \tAgriculture industry\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nInternal Gear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nInternal Gear\r\n\r\n\r\nAn internal gear is a hollow gear with teeth cut on its internal surface. The teeth in such a gear project inwards instead of outwards from the rim.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\nThere is a variety of materials being used to manufacture internal gears depending on the end application. Some of the popularly used materials are :\r\n\r\n \tPlastic\r\n \tAluminum alloys\r\n \tCast iron\r\n \tStainless steel\r\n\r\nThe teeth in such gears can either be spur or helical. The internal teeth have a concave shape with a base thicker than that of an external gear. The convex shape and a strong base help in making the teeth stronger and also creating less noise.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Internal Gear\r\n\r\n \tThe gears are specially designed to accommodate a wide range of equipment.\r\n \tThe gears are cost-effective and ideal for a broad range of light-duty applications.\r\n \tThe non-binding tooth design ensures smooth and quiet operation.\r\n\r\nUse of Internal Gears\r\n\r\n \tLight duty applications\r\n \tRollers\r\n \tIndexing\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nExternal Gear\r\n\r\n\r\ntypes of gears external gear\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOne of the simplest and most used gear units, external gears are extensively used in gear pumps and other industrial products for smooth functioning. These gears have straight teeth parallel to the axis. The teeth transmit rotary motion between parallel shafts.\r\n\r\nMaterials Used\r\n\r\nThe gears can be constructed from a variety of materials including :\r\n\r\n \tStainless steel\r\n \tHardened steel\r\n \tCast iron\r\n \tAluminum\r\n\r\nThe kind of material used in manufacturing these gears depends on the end use they are being put to.\r\n\r\nUse of External Gears\r\n\r\nThese gears are used in diverse fields including :\r\n\r\n \tCoal industry\r\n \tMining\r\n \tSteel plants\r\n \tPaper and pulp industry\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\n\r\nTheory of Machine Article , Notes , Question and Answer\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Types Of Gears | Material Used For Gears |  Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-03-20","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/gears-types-300x207.jpg","height":207,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=274">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=273"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>273</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=274"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>274</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>275</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=276"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>276</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=277"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>277</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=276">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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