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class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 5
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 5  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-answer-part5/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 5">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 5","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-interview-question-answer-part5\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 5\r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 5\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n121. What does thermal diffusivity of metals signify.\r\n\r\nThermal diffusivity is associated with the speed of propagation of heat into solids during changes in temperature with time.\r\n\r\n122. For conduction of heat, the instantaneous rate of heat flow is product of three factors. What are these ?\r\n\r\nArea of the section of the heat flow path, perpendicular to the direction of heat flow. temperature gradient, i.e. change of temperature w.r.t. length of path. Thermal conductivity of material.\r\n\r\n123. How convective heat transfer is effected and on what factors it depends ?\r\n\r\nConvective heat transfer is effected between a solid and fluid by a combination of molecular conduction within the fluid in combination with energy transport resulting from the motion of fluid particles. It depends on boundary layer configuration, fluid properties and temperature difference.\r\n\r\n124. Which is the common element between brass and bronze ?\r\n\r\nCopper.\r\n\r\n125. What does following alloy designation indicate FG 250 ?\r\n\r\nGrey cast iron with tensile strength of 250 MPa.\r\n\r\n126. How is ceramic defined ?\r\n\r\nIt is a solid formed by combination of metallic and non-metallic elements.\r\n\r\n127. Give one example of metal classified as per structure as BCC, FCC, HCP and CCP.\r\n\r\n \tBCC (body centred cubic) structure\u2014Molybdenum\r\n \tFCC (face centred cubic) structure\u2014Aluminium\r\n \tHCP (hexagonal closed packed) structure\u2014Zinc\r\n \tCCP (cubic dosed packed) structure-Copper.\r\n\r\nstructure as BCC, FCC, HCP and CCP.\r\n\r\n128. What is the name of solid solution of carbon in alpha iron and delta iron ?\r\n\r\nFerrite and austenite respectively.\r\n\r\n129. Explain the difference between pearlite and cementile ?\r\n\r\nPearlite is eutectoid mixture of ferrite and cementile. Cementite is chemical compound of iron and carbon.\r\n\r\n130. Give one example each of the following proportion of materials dimensional, physical, technological and mechanical.\r\n\r\nRoughness, enthalpy, toughness, and hardness respectively.\r\n\r\n131. For which parts the Wahl factor and Lewis form factor used ?\r\n\r\nFor springs and gears respectively.\r\n\r\n132. How oxygen can be removed from steel during melting? What are fully killed steels ?\r\n\r\nOxygen can be removed by adding elements such as manganese, silicon or aluminium which, because of their high affinity for oxygen, react with it to form non-metallic oxides which rise into the slag. Steels which have had most of their dissolved oxygen removed are called \u201cfully killed steels\u201d.\r\n\r\n133. Hydrogen cannot be removed easily from molten steel. What harm hydrogen has on property of steel ?\r\n\r\nExecessive hydrogen results in the formation of small fissures often described as hairline cracks or flakes in the steel. Large forgings in alloy steel are particularly sensitive to this phenomenon.\r\n\r\n134. What is allotrope ? In what forms of cubic pattern, iron exists ?\r\n\r\nSome elements exist in more than one crystalline form. Each form is known as \u201callotrope\u201d. Iron exists in two forms of cubic pattern, namely body centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fee).\r\n\r\n135. What is the difference between alpha iron, delta iron and gamma iron ?\r\n\r\n \tThe bcc form of iron exists between room temperature and 910\u00b0C, and between 1400\u00b0C and the melting point at 1539\u00b0C.\r\n \tThe lower temperature form is known as \u201calpha\u201d-iron and the higher temperature form as \u201cdelta\u201d-iron. The face-centered cubic form existing between 910\u00b0C and 1400\u00b0C is referred to as \u201cgamma-iron\u201d.\r\n\r\n137. What is the difference between isotropic material and homogeneous material ?\r\n\r\nIn homogeneous material the composition is same throughout and in isotropic material the elastic constants are same in all directions.\r\n\r\n138. Explain the difference between the points of inflexion and contraflexure.\r\n\r\nAt points of inflexion in a loaded beam the bending moment is zero and at points of contraflexure in loaded beam the bending moment changes sign from increasing to decreasing.\r\n\r\n139. What is the difference between proof resilience and modulus of resilience ?\r\n\r\nProof resilience is the maximum strain energy that can be stored in a material without permanent deformation. Modulus of resilience is the maximum strain energy stored in a material per unit volume.\r\n\r\n140. What is the difference between column and strut ?\r\n\r\nBoth column and strut carry compressive load. Column is always vertical but strut as member of structure could carry axial compressive load in any direction.\r\n\r\n141. Explain the difference between ferrite, austenite and graphite ?\r\n\r\n \tFerrite is the solid solution of carbon and other constituents in alpha-iron. It is soft, ductile and relatively weak.\r\n \tAustenite is the solid solution of carbon and other constituents in gamma-iron. It exists in ordinary steels at elevated temperatures, but it is also found at ordinary temperatures in some stainless steels.\r\n \tGraphite has a hexagonal layer lattice.\r\n\r\n142. Explain the terms solid solution, eutectic, eutectoid and peritectic.\r\n\r\n \tSolid Solution. When a homogeneous mixture of two (or more) atomic forms exists in solid state, it is known as solid solution.\r\n \tEutectic. A mixture of two (or more) phases which solidify simultaneously from the liquid al\u00acloy is called an eutectic. Alloys in which the components solidify simultaneously at a constant tem\u00acperature the lowest for the given system, are called eutectic alloys.\r\n \tEutectoid. Eutectoid alloys are the alloys for which two solid phases which are completely soluble become completely insoluble on cooling before a certain temperature called eutectoid tem\u00acperature.\r\n \tPeritectic. A peritectic transformation involves a reaction between a solid and liquid that form a different and new solid phase.\r\nThis three phase transformation occurs at a point called peritectic point.\r\n\r\n143. What do you understand by critical points in iron, iron-carbide diagram ?\r\n\r\nThe temperatures at which the phase changes occur are called critical points (or tem\u00acperatures).\r\n\r\n145. Why PERT is preferred over CPM for evaluation of project ?\r\n\r\nPERT is based on the approach of multiple time estimates for each activity.\r\n\r\n146. What is the percentage of chromium in 18 : 4 : 1 IISS ?\r\n\r\n4%.\r\n\r\n147. What is stellite ?\r\n\r\nIt is a non-ferrous cast alloy containing cobalt, chromium and tungsten.\r\n\r\n148. Which rays are produced by cobalt-60 in industrial radiography ?\r\n\r\nGamma rays.\r\n\r\n149. What are killed steels and what for these are used ?\r\n\r\nKilled steels are deoxidised in the ladle with silicon and aluminium. On solidification no gas evolution occurs in these steels because they are free from oxygen.\r\n\r\n150. What is critical temperature in metals ?\r\n\r\nIt is the temperature at which the phase change occurs in metals.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 5","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/structure-as-BCC-FCC-HCP-and-CCP.-300x210.jpg","height":210,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-4/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/creep-and-fatigue-300x189.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-4/">Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 4  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-4/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-4\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4\r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 4\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n91. Which reactor produces more fissionable material than it consumes ?\r\n\r\nBreeder reactor.\r\n\r\n92. Which reactor uses natural uranium as fuel ?\r\n\r\nGas cooled reacator.\r\n\r\n93. Which reactor uses heavy water as moderator ?\r\n\r\nCANDU.\r\n\r\n94. Which reactor requires no moderator ?\r\n\r\nBreeder reactor.\r\n\r\n95. Which reactor uses primary coolant as fluoride salts of lithium, beryllium, thorium and uranium ?\r\n\r\nMolten salt breeder reactor.\r\n\r\n96. Why an increase in area is required to produce an increase of velocity in case of supersonic flow ?\r\n\r\nIncrease in area for increase in velocity for supersonic flow is required because the density decreases faster than velocity increases at supersonic speeds and to maintain continuity of mass, area must increase.\r\n\r\n97. Under what circumstances would there be an increase in pressure in a divergent nozzle ?\r\n\r\nFor subsonic flow at inlet section of a diffuser a lower velocity and higher pressure will exist at the exit section. For supersonic isentropic flow at the inlet section a higher velocity and lower pressure will exist at the exit but if a shock wave occurs in the diffuser then a higher pressure will exist at the exit.\r\n\r\n98. Why water can\u2019t be used as refrigerant for small refrigerating equipment ?\r\n\r\nThe refrigerant should be such that vapour volume is low so that pumping work will be low. Water vapour volume is around 4000 times compared to R- for a given mass.\r\n\r\n99. Which parameter remains constant in a throttling process ?\r\n\r\nEnthalpy.\r\n\r\n100. What is the difference between isentropic process and throttling process ?\r\n\r\nIn isentropic process, heat transfer takes place and in throttling process, enthalpy before and after the process is same.\r\n\r\n101. What is the difference between isotropic and anisotropic materials ?\r\n\r\nIf a material exhibits same mechanical properties regardless of loading direction, it is isotropic, e.g., homogeneous cast materials. Materials lacking this property are anisotropic.\r\n\r\n102. What are orthotropic materials ?\r\n\r\nIt is a special class of anisotropic materials which can be described by giving their properties in three perpendicular directions e.g. wood; composites.\r\n\r\n103. What is view factor ?\r\n\r\nView factor is dependent upon geometry of the two surfaces exchanging radiation.\r\n\r\n104. What properties need to be considered for applications calling for following requirements :\r\n\r\n(i) rigidity\r\n(ii) strength for no plastic deformation under static load\r\n(iii) strength to withstand overload without fracture.\r\n(iv) wear resistance\r\n(v) reliability and safety.\r\n\r\n(i) Rigidity\u2014Elastic modulus and yield strength\r\n(ii) Strength (for no plastic deformation under static loading)\u2014yield point\r\n(iii) Strength (overload)\u2014Toughness and impact resistance\r\n(iv) Wear resistance\u2014Hardness\r\n(v) Reliability and safety\u2014Endurance limit and yield point.\r\n\r\n105. Explain the effects of alloying chromium and nickel in stainless steel.\r\n\r\nAddition of nickel and chromium increases the tensile strength and increase in resistance to corrosion takes place.\r\n\r\n106. Mention two types of dislocations.\r\n\r\nDislocation refers to a break in the continuity of the lattice. In edge dislocation, one plane of atoms gets squeezed out. In screw dislocation the lattice atoms move form their regular ideal positions.\r\n\r\n107. What are the principal constituents of brass?\r\n\r\nPrincipal constituents of brass are copper and zinc.\r\n\r\n108. What is Curie point ?\r\n\r\nCurie point is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetised by outside forces.\r\n\r\n109. Specific strength of materials is very high when they are in fibre size but lower when they are in bar form Why ?\r\n\r\nCrystal structure has ordered, repeating arrangement of atoms. Fibres are liable to maintain this and thus have high specific strength. As size increases, the condition of ordered and repeating arrangements can\u2019t be guaranteed because of several\r\ntypes of defects and dislocations and thus the specific strength gets lower.\r\n\r\n110. What is the percentage of carbon in cast iron ?\r\n\r\n2.5%.\r\n\r\n111. Which element is added in steel to increase resistance to corrosion ?\r\n\r\nChromium.\r\n\r\n112. Whether individual components in composite materials retain their characteristics or not?\r\n\r\nyes.\r\n\r\n113. An elastomer is a polymer when its percentage elongation rate is ?\r\n\r\nGreater than 100%.\r\n\r\n114. If percentage elongation of a material is more than 200%, it is classed as ?\r\n\r\nRubber.\r\n\r\n115. Why is it that the maximum value which the residual stress can reach is the elastic limit of the material ?\r\n\r\nA stress in excess of elastic limit, with no external force to oppose it, will relieve itself by plastic deformation until it reaches the value of the yield stress.\r\n\r\n116. Why fatigue strength decreases as size of a part increases beyond around 10 mm?\r\n\r\nPerfection of material conditions is possible at lower sizes and as size increases, it is not possible to attain uniform structure\r\nof the material.\r\n\r\n117. Distinguish between creep and fatigue.\r\n\r\nCreep is low and progressive deformation of a material with time under a constant stress at high temperature applications. Fatigue is the reduced tendency of material to offer resistance to applied stress under repeated or fluctuating loading condition.\r\n\r\nCreep and Fatigue\r\n\r\n118. While normal carburising and nitriding surface treatments increase fatigue strength, excessive treatment may decrease the fatigue strength. Why ?\r\n\r\nNormal carburising\/nitriding treatments increase volume due to phase transformation at Surface and introduce residual compressive surface stress and thus increase the fatigue strength. By excessive treatment the high compressive stresses are introduced but these are balanced by high in\u00acternal tensile stresses of equal value and the subsurface fatigue cracks may develop in the regions of high tensile stress and lead to early fatigue failure.\r\n\r\n119. List at least two factors that promote transition from ductile to brittle fracture.\r\n\r\nManner of loading, and the rate of loading promote transition from ductile to brittle fracture. A machine member may have ductile failure under static loading but may fail in brittle fashion when the load is fluctuating. Similarly a material may evidence ductile failure under tensile loading at ordinary testing speed but if load is applied at a high velocity then failure may be brittle.\r\n\r\n120. Which theories of failure are used for (a) ductile materials, and (B) brittle materials ?\r\n\r\nFor ductile materials, theories of failure used are maximum shear stress theory, and maximum energy of distortion theory; while for brittle materials, theory of maximum principal stress, and maximum strain are used.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 4","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/creep-and-fatigue-300x189.jpg","height":189,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-3/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/breeder-reactor-300x202.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-3/">Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 3  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-3/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-3\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3\r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 3\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n61. How you can define coal ?\r\n\r\nCoal is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon that consists of the fossilised remains of buried plant debris that have undergone progressive physical and chemical alteration, called coalification, in the course of geologic time.\r\n\r\n62. Which pollutant is major greenhouse gas and what is its effect ?\r\n\r\nCO is major greenhouse gas and it traps the radiation of heat from the sun within earth\u2019s atmosphere.\r\n\r\n63. In order to increase efficiency and reduce CO emissions and other emissions, clear coal technologies are receiving major attention. What are these ?\r\n\r\n \tAdvanced pulverized and pressurized pulverized fuel combustion.\r\n \tAtmospheric fluidised bed combustion and pressurized fluidised bed combustion.\r\n \tSuper critical boilers.\r\n \tIntegrated gasification combined cycle systems.\r\n \tAdvanced integrated gasification, including fuel cell systems.\r\n \tMagneto hydrodynamic electricity generation.\r\n\r\n64. What are the important operational performance parameters in design of fuel firing equipment ?\r\n\r\nFuel flexibility, electrical load following capability, reliability, availability, and maintenance ease.\r\n\r\n65. What is the difference between total moisture and inherent moisture in coal ?\r\n\r\nThe moisture content of the bulk as sampled is referred to as total moisture, and that of the air dried sample is called inherent moisture.\r\n\r\n66. Proximity analysis of coal provides data for a first, general assessment of a coal\u2019s quality and type. What elements it reports ?\r\n\r\nMoisture, volatile matter, ash and fixed carbon.\r\n\r\n67. Ultimate analysis of coal is elementary analysis. What it is concerned with ?\r\n\r\nCarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur in coal on a weight percentage basis.\r\n\r\n68. Explain the difference between AFBC, BFBC, PFBC and PCFB in regard to fluidised bed technologies.\r\n\r\n \tAFBC (Atmospheric fluidised bed combustion) process consists of forming a bed of inert materials like finely sized ash or ash mixed with sand, limestone (for sulphur removal), and solid fuel particles in a combustor and fluidising it by forcing combustion air up through the bed mixture. The gas flows thorugh bed without disturbing particles significantly but gas velocity is high enough to support the total weight of bed (fluidisation). At slightly higher velocity excess gas passes through the bed as bubbles (fluidised bed) and gives the bed the appearance of a boiling liquid.\r\n \tBubbling fluidised bed combustion (BFBC) has a defined height of bed material and operates at or near atmospheric pressure\r\nin the furnace.\r\n \tPressurised fluidised bed combustion (PFBC) system operates the bed at elevated pressure. Exhaust gases have sufficient\r\nenergy to power a gas turbine, of course, gases need to be cleaned.\r\n \tIn fluidised combustion, as ash is removed some unburned carbon is also removed resulting in lower efficiency. In circulating\r\nfluidised bed combustion (CFBC) system, bed is operated at higher pressure leading to high heat transfer, higher combustion\r\nefficiency, and better fuel feed. Circulating fluidised beds operate with relatively high gas velocities and fine particle sizes. The maintenance of steady state conditions in a fast fluidised bed requires the continuous recycle of particles removed by the gas\r\nstream (circulating bed). The term circulating bed is often used to include fluidised bed systems containing multiple\r\nconventional bubbling beds between which bed material is exchanged.\r\n\r\n69. What for Schmidt plot for is used in heat transfer problems ?\r\n\r\nSchmidt plot is a graphical method for determining the temperature at any point in a body at a specified time during the transient heating or cooling period.\r\n\r\n70. In which reactor the coolant and moderator are the same ?\r\n\r\nPressurized water reactor.\r\n\r\n71. Which reactor has no moderator ?\r\n\r\nFast breeder reactor.\r\n\r\n72. What are thermal neutrons ?\r\n\r\nThermal neutrons are slow neutrons (having energy below 1 eV) which are in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings.\r\n\r\n73. What is big advantage of fast breeder reactor ?\r\n\r\nIt has rapid self breeding of fissile fuel during the operation of the reactor, and thus, it offers about sixty times the output with same natural uranium resources through ordinary non-breeder nuclear reactor.\r\n\r\nbreeder reactor\r\n\r\n74. What is the purpose of biological shield in nuclear plants ?\r\n\r\nBiological shield of heavy concrete prevents exposure to neutrons, beta rays and gamma rays which kill living things.\r\n\r\n75. Which two elements have same percentage in proximate and ultimate analysis of coal?\r\n\r\nMoisture and ash.\r\n\r\n76. On which analysis is based the Dulong\u2019s formula for the heating value of fuel ?\r\n\r\nOn ultimate analysis.\r\n\r\n77. Which element causes difference in higher and lower heating values of fuel ?\r\n\r\nHydrogen.\r\n\r\n78. Which heating value is indicated by a calorimeter and why ?\r\n\r\nGross heating value because steam is condensed and heat of vapour formed is recovered.\r\n\r\n79. State the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis of coal ?\r\n\r\n \tIn ultimate analysis, chemical determination of following elements is made by weight: Fixed and combined carbon, H, O, N, S, water and ash. Heating value is due to C, H and S.\r\n \tIn proximate analysis following constituents are mechanically determined by weight. Moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon\r\nand ash. Heating value is due to fixed carbon and volatile matter.\r\n\r\n80. What is fuel ratio ?\r\n\r\nFuel ratio is the ratio of its % age of fixed carbon to volatile matter.\r\n\r\n81. How the analyses and calorific values of fuels can be reported ?\r\n\r\nIt may be reported as\r\n(a) as received or fired (wet) basis\r\n(b ) dry or moisture free basis\r\n(c) combustible or ash and moisture free basis\r\n\r\n82. What is the difference between nuclear fission and fission chain reaction.\r\n\r\nThe process of splitting of nucleus into two almost equal fragments accompanied by re\u00aclease of heat is nuclear fission. Self sustained, continuing, sequence of fission reactions in a con\u00actrolled manner is fission chain reaction.\r\n\r\n83. Explain difference between fissile and fertile materials.\r\n\r\nThe materials which can give nuclear fission e.g. U 35, Pu 39, U 33 are fissile materials. Fertile material itself is not fissionable, but it can be converted to a fissionable material by irradiation of neutrons in a nuclear reactor.\r\n\r\n84. What do you understand by fuel cycle in nuclear plants ?\r\n\r\nFuel cycle a series of sequential steps involved in supplying fuel to a nuclear power reactor. The steps include : Mining, refining uranium, fabrication of fuel elements, their use in nuclear reactor, chemical processing to recover remaining fissionable material, re-enrichment of fuel from recovered material, refabrication of new fuel elements, waste storage etc.\r\n\r\n85. What is heavy water and what is its use in nuclear plants ?\r\n\r\nWater containing heavy isotopes of hydrogen (Deuterium) is known as heavy water. Heavy water is used as a moderator. Heavy water has low cross section for absorption of neutrons than ordinary water. Heavy water slows down the fast neutrons and thus moderates the chain reaction.\r\n\r\n86. What is a converter reactor ?\r\n\r\nA reactor plant which is designed to produce more fuel than it consumes. The breeding is obtained by converting fertile material to fissile material.\r\n\r\n87. Explain nuclear reactor in brief.\r\n\r\nA plant which initiates, sustains, controls and maintains nuclear fission chain reaction and provides shielding against radioactive radiation is nuclear reactor.\r\n\r\n88. What is the difference between conversion and enrichment ?\r\n\r\n \tThe process of converting the non fissile U 38 to fissile U-35 is also called \u201cConversion\u201d. The material like U 38 which can be converted to a fissile material by the neutron flux is called \u201cfertile material\u201d. The conversion is obtained within the nuclear reactor during the chain reaction.\r\n \tEnrichment is the process by which the proportion of fissile uranium isotope (U-35) is increased above 0.7% (original % in\r\nnatural uranium).\r\n \tThe concentration of U-35 in the uranium hexafluoride is increased from the 0.7% in natural uranium to to 4%. This is called\r\nenrichment and is accomplished in an enrichment plant.\r\n\r\n89. Disposal of radioactive waste materials and spent fuel is a major and important technology. How the waste radioactive material is disposed off ?\r\n\r\nNon usable fission products are radioactive and take short\/medium\/long time for radioactive decay to reach safe level of radioactivity. \r\n\r\nAccordingly three methods of disposal are :\r\n(a) Zero or low radioactivity material is dispersed or stored without elaborate shielding.\r\n(b ) Medium radioactivity material is stored for short duration of about 5 years to allow decay of radioactivity.\r\n(c) High radioactive material. They are stored in water for several months to permit radioactive decay to an acceptable low level.\r\n\r\n90. Which nuclear reactor uses water as a coolant, moderator and reflector ?\r\n\r\nPressurised water reactor.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 3","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/breeder-reactor-300x202.jpg","height":202,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-2/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/boiler-tube-failure-300x140.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-2/">Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 2  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-2/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-2\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2\r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 2\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n31. Maximum combustion temperature in gas turbines is of the order of 1100 to 10\u00b0C whereas same is around 00\u00b0C in I.C. engine ? Why ?\r\n\r\nHigh temperature in I.C. engine can be tolerated because it lasts for a fraction of second but gas turbines have to face it continuously which metals can\u2019t withstand.\r\n\r\n32. Why efficiency of gas turbines is lower compared to I.C. engines ?\r\n\r\nIn gas turbines, 70% of the output of gas turbine is consumed by compressor. I.C. engines have much lower auxiliary consumption. Further combustion temperature of I.C. engines is much higher compared to gas turbine.\r\n\r\n33. What do you understand by timed cylinder lubrication ?\r\n\r\nFor effective lubrication, lub oil needs to be injected between two piston rings when piston is at bottom of stroke so that piston rides in oi during upward movement. This way lot of lub oil can be saved and used properly.\r\n\r\n34. What is IIUCR in relation to petrol engine ?\r\n\r\nHUCR is highest useful compression ratio at which the fuel can be used in a specific test engine, under specified operating conditions, without knocking.\r\n\r\n35. In some engines glycerine is used in place of water for cooling of engine. Why ?\r\n\r\nGlycerine has boiling point of 90\u00b0C which increases its heat carrying capacity. Thus weight of coolant gets reduced and smaller radiator can be used.\r\n\r\n36. Why consumption of lubricating oil is more in two-stroke cycle petrol engine than four-stroke cycle petrol engine ?\r\n\r\nIn two-stroke engine lub oil is mixed with petrol and thus some lub oil is blown out through the exhaust valves by scavenging and charging air. There is no such wastage in four stroke petrol engine.\r\n\r\n37. As compression ratio increases, thermal n increases. How is thermal n affected by weak and rich mixture strength ?\r\n\r\nThermal n is high for weak mixture and it decreases as mixture strength becomes rich.\r\n\r\n38. How engine design needs to be changed to burn lean mixture ?\r\n\r\nEngine to burn lean mixture uses high compression ratio and the highly turbulent movement of the charge is produced by the geometry of the combustion chamber.\r\n\r\n39. Horse power of I.C. engines can be expressed as RAC rating, SAE rating, or DIN rating. To which countries these standards belong ?\r\n\r\nU.K., USA and Germany respectively.\r\n\r\n40. What is the use of flash chamber in a vapour compression refrigeration cycle to improve the COP of refrigeration cycle ?\r\n\r\nWhen liquid refrigerant as obtained from condenser is throttled, there are some vapours. These vapours if carried through the evaporator will not contribute to refrigerating effect. Using a flash chamber at some intermediate pressure, the flash vapour at this pressure can be bled off and fed back to the compression process. The throttling process is then carried out in stages. Similarly compression process is also done in two separate compressor stages.\r\n\r\n41. Why pistons are usually dished at top ?\r\n\r\nPistons are usually hollowed at top to (i) provide greater spa\u2019e for combustion, (ii) increase surface for flue gases to act upon, and (iii) better distribution of stresses.\r\n\r\n42. What is the function of thermostat in cooling system of an engine ?\r\n\r\nThermostat ensures optimum cooling because excessive cooling decreases the overall efficiency. It allows cooling water to go to radiator beyond a predetermined temperature.\r\n\r\n43. What are the causes of failure of boiler tubes ?\r\n\r\nBoiler tubes, usually are made from carbon steel and are subject to (a) high rates of heat transfer,( b ). bending stresses due to uneven heating, especially at expanded or welded joints into headers or drums, (c) external erosion from burners and flue gas, (d) possible corrosion on the boiler side, and (e) occasional manufacturing defects.\r\n\r\nFailure may occur due to following reasons :\r\n\r\n \tHigh thermal ratings may lead to rapid failure if the internal fluid flow is reduced for any reason. The resultant overheating leads to a failure by creep, characterised by the bulging of the tube with the eventual development of a longitudinal split. Fatigue cracking due to bending stresses occur. These are associated with change of section and\/or weld undercut, where tubes are expanded or welded into headers.\r\n \tFailure may arise due to overstressing of a reduced section of metal.\r\n \tSudden failure of the boiler tube due to corrosion arises from embrittlement of the carbon steel due to interaction between atomic hydrogen from the corrosion process and the iron carbide present in the steel.\r\n \tDefects in tube manufacture, although far from being a regular occurrence, can be a cause of serious trouble. Lamination in boiler tubes or score marks arising from the cold drawing of tubes, give rise to premature failure and may promote corrosion at these regions.\r\n\r\n44. What are the causes of failure of superheater tubes ?\r\n\r\nSuperheater tubes are subjected to the most severe combination of stress, temperature and corrosive environment. In addition to high-temperature strength, resistance to corrosion is also important. For example, low-alloy ferritic steel such as -1\/% Cr, 1% Mo would not be used at metal temperatures above 580\u00b0C because of inadequate resistance to corrosion and oxidation over a full service life of 100,000\/150,000 hr.\r\n\r\nboiler tube failure\r\n\r\nFailures in superheater tubes may arise from :\r\n(a) Prior fabrication history\r\n(b ) Faulty heat treatment\r\n(c) Consequences of welding\r\n(d) Overheating of the tube metal\r\n(e) Gas-side corrosion\r\n(f) Stress corrosion (austenitic steels).\r\n\r\n45. Why supercritical boilers use less amount of steel compared to non-supercritical boilers ?\r\n\r\nSupercritical boilers do not head heavy drum for separation of steam from mixture of water and steam.\r\n\r\n46. Out of electric heater and heat pump, which is economical in operation ?\r\n\r\nHeat pump.\r\n\r\n47. Which furnace burns low-ash fusion coal and retains most of the coal ash in the slag?\r\n\r\nCyclone furnace.\r\n\r\n48. How the thickness of thermal boundary layer and thickness of hydrodynamic boundary layer related ?\r\n\r\nRatio of their thickness = (Prandtl number)-1\/3.\r\n\r\n49. What is the effect of friction on flow of steam through a nozzle ?\r\n\r\nTo decrease both mass flow rate and wetness of steam.\r\n\r\n50. Why gas turbine power plant needs efficient compressor ?\r\n\r\nBecause a large portion of turbine work is eaten away by compressor and its inefficiency will affect net power output and cost of generation.\r\n\r\n51. Why rockets using liquid hydrogen have higher specific impulse compared to liquid hydrocarbon ?\r\n\r\nLiquid hydrogen has higher burning velocity.\r\n\r\n52. Why axial flow compressor is preferred for gas turbines for aeroplanes ?\r\n\r\nBecause it has low frontal area.\r\n\r\n53. What is the effect of inter cooling in gas turbines ?\r\n\r\nIt decreases thermal efficiency but increases net output.\r\n\r\n54. Why iso-octane is chosen as reference fuel for S.I. engines and allotted 100 value for its octane number ?\r\n\r\nIso-octane permits highest compression without causing knocking.\r\n\r\n55. Why thermal efficiency of I.C. engines is more than that of gas turbine plant ?\r\n\r\nIn I.C. engine maximum temperature attained is higher than in gas turbine.\r\n\r\n56. Which are the reference fuels for knock rating of S.I. engines ?\r\n\r\nn-heptane and ISO-octane.\r\n\r\n57. When effect of variations in specific heats is considered then how do maximum temperature and pressure vary compared to air standard cycle ?\r\n\r\nTemperature increases and pressure decreases.\r\n\r\n58. Quantities like pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, etc. are independent of mass. What are these called ?\r\n\r\nIntensive properties.\r\n\r\n59. The amount of radiation emitted per scm per sec is called \u2026. ?\r\n\r\nEmissive power.\r\n\r\n60. In convection heat transfer, if heat flux intensity is doubled then temperature difference between solid surface and fluid will ?\r\n\r\nGet doubled.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 2","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/boiler-tube-failure-300x140.jpg","height":140,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-question-and-answers-part-1/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/heat-pump-and-heat-engine-300x264.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-question-and-answers-part-1/">Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1 
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 1  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-question-and-answers-part-1/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-question-and-answers-part-1\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1 \r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 1\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Mechanical Technical Interview Questions : Thermodynamics\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n1. What is Mechanical Engineering?\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering is the branch of engineering which deals with the designing, constructing , maintaining and manufacturing various mechanical systems.\r\n\r\n2. What is the difference between machine and engine?\r\n\r\nEngine converts heat energy to Mechanical Energy but machine converts all forms of energy to mechanical energy except heat energy.\r\n\r\n3. What are the names given to constant temperature, constant pressure, constant volume, constant internal energy, constant enthalpy, and constant entropy processes.\r\n\r\nIsothermal, isochroic, isobaric, free expression, throttling and adiabatic processes respectively.\r\n\r\n4. Why entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process is zero ?\r\n\r\nBecause there is no heat transfer in this process.\r\n\r\n5. What are two essential conditions of perfect gas ?\r\n\r\nIt satisfies equation of state and its specific heats are constant.\r\n\r\n6. What are turbo machines?\r\n\r\nTurbo machines are devices which transfer energy to or from the fluid by the dynamic action of rotating blades.\r\n\r\n7. Why rate of condensation is higher on a polished surface compared to rusty surface ?\r\n\r\nPolished surface promotes drop wise condensation and does not wet the surface.\r\n\r\n8. What is the difference between heat engine &amp; heat pump?\r\n\r\nHeat Engine produces work and transfers energy from high temp. to low temp source medium. In Heat pump external work is needed to transfer energy from low to high temp. medium.\r\n\r\nheat pump and heat engine\r\n\r\n9. What is the relationship between COP of heating and cooling ?\r\n\r\nCOP of heating is one(unity) more than COP of cooling.\r\n\r\n10. How much is the work done in isochoric process ?\r\n\r\nZero.\r\n\r\n11. When maximum discharge is obtained in nozzle ?\r\n\r\nAt the critical pressure ratio.\r\n\r\n12. Under what condition the work done in reciprocating compressor will be least ?\r\n\r\nIt is least when compression process approaches isothermal. For this purpose, attempts are made to cool the air during compression.\r\n\r\n13. What is the difference between stalling and surging in rotary compressions ?\r\n\r\nStalling is a local phenomenon and it occurs when How breaks away from the blades. Surging causes complete breakdown of flow and as such it affects the whole machine.\r\n\r\n14. Why the electric motor of a fan with backward curved blades is never got overloaded under any condition ?\r\n\r\nThe maximum power is consumed at about 70% of maximum flow in case\u2019of fan with backward blades. For higher flow, power consumption gets lower.\r\n\r\n15. Why the work per kg of air flow in axial flow compressor is less compared to centrifugal compressor for same pressure ratio ?\r\n\r\nIsentropic efficiency of axial flow compressor is higher.\r\n\r\n16. What is the difference between scavenging and supercharging ?\r\n\r\nScavenging is process of flushing out burnt gases from engine cylinder by introducing fresh air in the cylinder before exhaust stroke ends. Supercharging is the process of supplying higher mass of air by compressing the atmospheric air.\r\n\r\n17. What is pitting ? How it is caused ?\r\n\r\nNon uniform corrosion over the entire metal surface, but occuring only in small pits is called pitting. It is caused by lack of uniformity in metal.\r\n\r\n18. What is caustic embrittlement ?\r\n\r\nIt is the actual physical change in metal that makes it extremely brittle and filled with minute cracks. It occurs particularly in the seams of rivetted joints and around the rivet holes.\r\n\r\n19. Which impurities form hard scale and which impurities soft scale ?\r\n\r\nSulphates and chlorides of lime and magnesium form hard scale, and carbonates of lime and magnesium form soft scale.\r\n\r\n20. What is the difference between hard water and soft water ?\r\n\r\nHard water contains excess of scale forming impurities and soft water contains very little or no scale forming substances.\r\nAcid and oxygen in feed water lead to corrosion.\r\n\r\n22. What should be done to prevent a safety valve to stick to its seat ?\r\n\r\nSafety valve should be blown off periodically so that no corrosion can take place on valve and valve seat.\r\n\r\n23. Why large boilers are water tube type ?\r\n\r\nWater tube boilers raise steam fast because of large heat transfer area and positive water circulation. Thus they respond faster to fluctuations in demand. Further single tube failure does not lead to catastrophy.\r\n\r\n24. What type of boiler does not need a steam drum ?\r\n\r\nSuper-critical pressure boiler.\r\n\r\n25. Why manholes in vessels are usually elliptical in shape ?\r\n\r\nElliptical shape has minimum area of opening and thus plate is weakened the least. Further it is very convenient to insert and take out the cover plate from elliptical opening.\r\n\r\n26. Low water in boiler drum is unsafe because it may result in overheating of water tubes in furnace. Why it is unsafe to have high water condition in boiler drum ?\r\n\r\nHigh drum level does not allow steam separation to be effective and some water can be carried over with steam which is not desirable for steam turbine.\r\n\r\n27. Why boiler is purged everytime before starting firing of fuel ?\r\n\r\nPurging ensures that any unburnt fuel in furnace is removed, otherwise it may lead to explosion.\r\n\r\n28. What is the principle of mechanical refrigeration ? \r\n\r\nAxis. A volatile liquid will boil under the proper conditions and in so doing will absorb heat from surrounding objects.\r\n\r\n29. Why high latent heat of vaporisation is desirable in a refrigerant ?\r\n\r\nA high latent heat of vaporisation of refrigerant results in small amount of refrigerant and thus lesser circulation system of refrigerant for same tonnage.\r\n\r\n30. What is the critical temperature of a refrigerant ?\r\n\r\nCritical temperature is the maximum temperature of a refrigerator which it can be condensed into liquid and beyond this it remains gas irrespective of pressure applied.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nDesign and Fabrication projects - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 1","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/heat-pump-and-heat-engine-300x264.jpg","height":264,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-valve-used-in-industries-and-plumbing/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/types-of-valve-300x213.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-valve-used-in-industries-and-plumbing/">Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing
There are a large variety of valves and valve configurations to suit all services and conditions; different uses (on/off, control), different fluids...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-valve-used-in-industries-and-plumbing/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-valve-used-in-industries-and-plumbing\/","articleBody":"Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing\r\nThere are a large variety of valves and valve configurations to suit all services and conditions; different uses (on\/off, control), different fluids (liquid, gas etc; combustible, toxic, corrosive etc) different materials and different pressure and temperature conditions. Valves are for starting or stopping flow, regulating or throttling flow, preventing back flow or relieving and regulating pressure in fluid or gaseous handling applications. \r\n\r\nCommon valve types include: \r\n\r\nBall,Butterfly,Check, Diaphragm, Gate, Globe, Knife Gate, Parallel Slide, Pinch, Piston, Plug, Sluice, etc.\r\n\r\nThe following types of valves are used in a variety of applications, these descriptions may provide a basic guideline in the selection of valves.\r\n\r\ntypes of valve\r\nBALL VALVES\r\nBecause of their excellent operating characteristics, ball valves are used for the broadest spectrum of isolation applications and are available in a wide range of sizes and materials and are available in full fl ow and full through conduit.\u00a0\r\n\r\nball valve\r\n\r\nAdvantages\u00a0- quick acting, straight through fl ow in either direction, low pressure drop, bubble tight shut off &amp; operating torque, easily actuated.\u00a0\r\n\r\nDisadvantages\u00a0- temperature limitiations on seating material, long \u201crelative\u201d face to face dimension.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Design and Analysis of Industrial Ball Valve using CFD\r\nBUTTERFLY VALVES\r\nThe butterfly valve derives its name from the wing-like action of the disc which operates at right angles to the fl ow. It\u2019s main advantage is a seating surface which is not critical. It is designed for fl ow isolation. The disc impinges against a resilient liner to provide bubble tightness with low operating torque. Compact and with a simple construction, butterfly valves facilitate easy pipe arrangement. Due to disc, they have slightly reduced fl ow characteristics.\r\n\r\nbutterfly valve\r\n\r\nAdvantages - quick acting, good regulating characteristics, compact &amp; light, low pressure isolation. Butterfly valves are simple, reliable and range in size from 40mm to 1000mm and beyond. They can be controlled by a notched lever, handwheel as well as by pneumatic or electric actuator. A shaft turns a disc 90\u00ba within a pipe. The disc angle within the pipe can provide a restriction varying from drip-tight through to almost full fl ow (except very small sizes).\r\nCHECK VALVES\r\nSometimes referred to as a non-return valve, the check valve prevents back-flow in the piping by constantly keeping fluid flowing in one direction. Check valves operate automatically. Some piston\/disc check valves are spring loaded for fast operation, (minimum cracking pressure should be specified). Vertical downwards flow requires a spring loaded check valve.\r\n\r\ncheck valve\r\n\r\nSwing Check Valves:\u00a0- Swing &amp; Wafer checks cease reverse flow with a flap that swings onto a seat. Use swing checks only for forward flow that is horizontal or vertical upward.\r\n\r\nPiston Check Valves:\u00a0- Piston &amp; Spring checks cease reverse flow with a spring loaded plunger.\r\n\r\nBall Check Valves:- Ball checks have a ball that slides into a hole as forward flow slows. Consider a ball check for semi-solids such as pulp or effluent.\r\n\r\nTitlting Disc Check Valves:\u00a0- Tilting Disc check valves are similar to Swing check valves but in most installations, slamming is minimised upon reversal of fl ow so noise and vibration are reduced.\r\n\r\nRead more\u00a0Check Valve- diagram ,Symbol, Types Of Check valve\r\nGLOBE VALVES\r\nGlobe\/Stop Valves: - The flow path through globe valves follows a changing course, thereby causing increased resistance to flow and considerable pressure drop. Because of the seating arrangements, globe valves are the most suitable for throttling flow, however avoid extremely close throttling when the repeatable pressure drop exceeds 20%. Close throttling creates excess noise, vibration and possible damage to valves and piping. \u00a0The valve is named after is globular body. Compared to gate valves, globe valves are designed to open and close more quickly. Their flow characteristics can be changed by re-configuring their discs.\r\n\r\nglobe valve\r\n\r\n\u00a0Advantages\u00a0- best shut off (not drip tight above 50NB) &amp; regulating.\r\n\r\n Disadvantages\u00a0- high pressure drop (head loss), unidirectional.\r\n\r\nStop Check Valves (SDNR):\u00a0- Stop check valves are essentially the same as Globe valves, except there is no mechanical connection between the stem and the disc. They provide a combination Stop valve and a Piston check valve in one valve. However, they are not designed for throttling. They are used in steam boiler outlet piping when two or more boilers are connected to a common header. Valves must be installed with pressure under the disc, and when the stem is raised, only boiler pressure can raise the disc whenever boiler pressure exceeds header pressure. They prevent backflow from the header to boiler.\r\nGATE VALVES\r\nWedge Gate Valves:\u00a0- Commonly used in industrial piping for stop or isolating \u2013 to turn on and shut off the flow as opposed to regulating flow. Gate valves are named from the gate-like disc which operates at a right angle to the path of the flow. Gate valves are general service valves that can be made in a broad spectrum of sizes using a variety of different materials. Wedge gate valves are metal seated but are also available with resilient seat insert if drip tight shut off is required. They can meet the demands of a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions and is available in full port.\u00a0\r\n\r\nAdvantages\u00a0- low pressure drop, straight through flow either direction.\u00a0\r\n\r\nDisadvantages\u00a0- slow acting, bulky. Not drip tight shut off (over 150NB). Do not partially open as this will cause damage to seat\/disc.\r\n\r\nKnife Gate Valves:\u00a0- Useful for many applications in larger sized pipework (50mm up). Unlike traditional gate valves, they are able to throttle (at lower pressures) depending on line media and degree of opening. Metal seated knife gate valves are not leak tight shut off. Some knife gate valves have a resilient seat in order to ensure they close drip-tight. Available in v-port, o-port and lined they are ideally suited for the control of effluent, slurries, waste products, semi solids, pulp, bulk powders. Most knife gate valves are designed for single flow direction.\r\n\r\nknife gate valve\r\n\r\nParallel Slide Gate Valves:\u00a0- Popular in steam applications as the energised disc design handles thermal expansion without sticking like wedge gate valves. Another advantage is lower torque then wedge gate valves especially in venturi (Ferranti) reduced bore configuration. Parallel slide valves consist of two parallel gates that are energised against the seat at all times by springs or a wedging spreader bar between the two gates. No mechanical stress is exerted between the discs, and the valve is not subjected to dangerous strains in opening and closing. This design of valve maintains fluid tightness without the aid of wedging action. These valves are used for saturated and super heated steam.\r\n\r\nPipeline Slab Gate Valves:\u00a0- Available in parallel solid slab and expanding 2 piece wedging slab. Both styles protect the seat area from the flow in all operating positions. These valves have a full through conduit configuration with a hole in the slab. Slab style gate valves have seats that are spring energised. The expanding slab features two opposed sliding v-shape segments that maintain pressure against the seats. These valves are for API6D pipeline applications but are also used for API6A wellhead valves. All these valves are made in metal to metal and soft seat configuration.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0What is Gate Valves | Diagram , Working , Advantages , Applications\r\nPLUG VALVES\r\nPlug valves are valves with cylindrical or conically-tapered \u201cplugs\u201d which can be rotated inside the valve body to control flow through the valve. The plugs in plug valves have one or more hollow passageways going sideways through the plug, so that fluid can flow through the plug when the valve is open. Plug valves are simple and often economical.\r\n\r\nplug valve\r\nPressure Reducing Valves\r\nWater pressure reducing valves are installed to reduce the water pressure to the desired or accepted limits. They normally have a spring and diaphragm that is adjusted to certain limits depending on the pressure of the water being served. They can be installed in copper, PVC and other different pipe types. They could normally last more than 10 years when maintained properly.\r\n\r\npressure reducing valve\r\nAngle Valve\r\nAngle valves are typically installed at the water intake of plumbing fixtures or appliances. Angle valves could fail when high pressure is detected on the line. They are used to shut off water\r\n\r\nangle valve\r\nNeedle Valves:\u00a0\r\nNeedle Valve The use of needle valves touches a variety of industries. These products are used to regulate the flow of gases and liquids and allow a precision resistance to flow, keeping fragile gauges safe from surges of a pressurized non-viscous substance such as water, oil or gases.\r\n\r\nneedle valve\r\nTilting Disc:\u00a0\r\nTilting disk check valves use a pivoted disk as the closure element. They are similar to swing check valves but the pivot axis is close to the center of the flow stream. The disk remains closed against the seat under no- flow conditions and is forced open by the flow. Tilting disk check valves are best used in applications which require rapid response and when freedom from sticking is essential.\r\n\r\ntilting valve\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Types Of Valve Used In Industries and Plumbing","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/types-of-valve-300x213.jpg","height":213,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=45">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=44"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>44</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=45"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>45</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>46</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=47"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>47</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=48"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>48</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=47">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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