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class="excerpt"><p>Vane Motor | Diagram , Construction , Working , Application
Introduction
Vane motors work on the same principle as vane pumps in reverse. In these motors, the pressurised fluid acting on the vanes...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/vane-motor-diagram-construction-working-application/" aria-label="View Post: Vane Motor |  Diagram , Construction , Working , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Vane Motor |  Diagram , Construction , Working , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/vane-motor-diagram-construction-working-application\/","articleBody":"Vane Motor | Diagram , Construction , Working , Application\r\nIntroduction\r\nVane motors work on the same principle as vane pumps in reverse. In these motors, the pressurised fluid acting on the vanes cause them to rotate and thus developing the torque output. They are suitable for low speed applications than gear motors.\r\n\r\nRead More : What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range\r\n\r\nvane motor parts\r\nVane Motor Parts :\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0Slotted Rotor : It is the rotating element of the vane moor. It is mounted on a drive shaft. It has slots to accommodate the freely sliding vanes.\r\n \tVanes : These are usually rectangular. Vanes help maintain air columns inside the motor housing. Due to the difference in the forces acting on the vane surfaces the motor rotates.\r\n \tMotor Housing : It is hollow cylinder in which the rotor and vanes are kept. The center of rotor is offset with the housing. It has ports for inlet and outlet of air. The inlet port is at the place where the rotor is nearest to the housing. Outlet port is usually diametrically opposite.\r\n\r\nLike vane pumps, vane motors can be classified as unbalanced or balanced vane motors.\r\n\r\nBut most vane motors used universally are of the balanced-rotor type. Because hydraulic unbalance causes large radial bearing loads which limit the use of unbalanced vane motors to low pressure operation. Therefore most vane motors have a mechanical configuration similar to that of the balanced vane pump. Also balanced vane motors are fixed-displacement units.\r\n\r\nFig. illustrates the construction and operation of a balanced-type vane motor. The vane motor produces torque by the hydraulic pressure that acts , on the exposed surfaces of the vanes, which slide in and out of the rotor connected to the driver shaft. To accommodate starting and low-speed operation, it is usually necessary to provide a force, in addition to the centrifugal force, to move the vane radially outward\/Springs are commonly used for this purpose. The larger the exposed area of the vane, or higher the pressure, more is the torque developed. Also, as the inlet connects to two opposing pressure passages, the side loads on the rotor are balanced with each other (Fig.6.10(h)).\r\n\r\n\u00a0Advantages of Vane Motors\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe vane motors have relatively less internal leakage than gear motors. Also the balanced vane motors eliminate the side and bearing loads.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Vane Motors\r\n\r\nVane type motors, like gear motors, do not generate maximum torque at very low speeds, due to internal leakage. So both gear and vane type motors are not suitable for vehicle drive applications.\r\n\r\nRanges\r\n\r\nVane motors are available at pressure ratings to about 175 bars, with rated capacities upto 15 Lps, and at speeds up to 4000 rpm.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nRobotic and automation projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Vane Motor |  Diagram , Construction , Working , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-19","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/vane-motor-parts-300x173.png","height":173,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-gear-motor-working-diagram-advantages-range/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/gear-motor-diagram-300x198.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-gear-motor-working-diagram-advantages-range/">What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range
A gear motor develops torque due to hydraulic pressure acting against the area of one tooth. There are two teeth trying to move the rotor...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-gear-motor-working-diagram-advantages-range/" aria-label="View Post: What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-gear-motor-working-diagram-advantages-range\/","articleBody":"What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range\r\nA gear motor develops torque due to hydraulic pressure acting against the area of one tooth. There are two teeth trying to move the rotor in the proper direction, while one net tooth at the center mesh tries to move it in the opposite direction. In the design of a gear motor, one of the gears is keyed to an output shaft, while the other is simply an idler gear. Pressurized oil is sent to the inlet port of the motor.\r\n\r\nPressure is then applied to the gear teeth, causing the gears and output shaft to rotate. The pressure builds until enough torque is generated to rotate the output shaft against the load. The side load on the motor bearing is quite high, because all the hydraulic pressure is on one side. This limits the bearing life of the motor. Schematic diagram of gear motor is shown in Fig.\r\n\r\nRead also :\u00a0What is Hydraulic Motor or Rotary Actuator | Types , Application\r\n\r\ngear motor diagram\r\n\r\nMost of the gear motors are bidirectional. Reversing the direction of flow can reverse the direction of rotation.As in the case of gear pumps, volumetric displacement is fixed. Due to the high pressure at the inlet and low pressure at the outlet, a large side load on the shaft and bearings is produced. Gear motors are normally limited to 150 bar operating pressures and 2500 RPM operating speed. They are available with a maximum flow capacity of 600 LPM. The gear motors are simple in construction and have good dirt tolerance, but their efficiencies are lower than those of vane or piston pumps and they leak more than the piston units. Generally,they are not used as servo motors.Hydraulic motors can also be of internal gear design. These types can operate at higher pressures and speeds and also have greater displacements than external gear motors.\u00a0\r\nAdvantages of Gear Motors\r\nThe gear motors are simple ill design, and very cheap in cost.\r\nDisadvantages of Gear Motors\r\n\r\n \tGear motors are subjected to relatively high internal leakage. Therefore, they are not suitable for high torque, low speed applications.\r\n \tThe high pressure at the inlet, coupled with the low pressure at the outlet, generates very high bearing loads.\r\n\r\nRanges\r\n\r\nThe gear motors are available for peak operating pressures upto about 125 bars, with rated capacities upto 10 Lps, and maximum speeds of about 3000 rpm.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Gear Motor | Working , Diagram , Advantages ,Range","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-19","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gear-motor-diagram-300x198.jpg","height":198,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-hydraulic-motor-or-rotary-actuator-types-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/hydraulic-motor-300x222.jpeg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Hydraulic Motor or Rotary Actuator | Types , Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-hydraulic-motor-or-rotary-actuator-types-application/">What is Hydraulic Motor or Rotary Actuator | Types , Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Hydraulic Motor OR Rotary Actuator | Types , Application 
Introduction
Hydraulic motors are rotary actuators. However, the name rotary actuator is reserved for a particular type of unit...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-hydraulic-motor-or-rotary-actuator-types-application/" aria-label="View Post: What is Hydraulic Motor or Rotary Actuator | Types , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Hydraulic Motor or Rotary Actuator | Types , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-hydraulic-motor-or-rotary-actuator-types-application\/","articleBody":"What is Hydraulic Motor OR Rotary Actuator | Types , Application \r\nIntroduction\r\nHydraulic motors are rotary actuators. However, the name rotary actuator is reserved for a particular type of unit that is limited in rotation to less than 360 Degree\u00a0 . A hydraulic motor is a device which converts fluid power into rotary power or converts fluid pressure into torque. Torque is a function of pressure or, in other words, the motor input pressure level is determined by the resisting torque at the output shaft. A hydraulic pump is a device which converts mechanical force and motion into fluid power. A hydraulic motor is not a hydraulic pump when run backward. A design that is completely acceptable as a motor may operate very poorly as a pump in a certain applications.\r\n\r\nRead More : Differences between a hydraulic motor and a hydraulic pump\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAbout Rotary actuator or Hydraulic Motor :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThe function of a rotary actuator is to convert hydraulic energy into rotary mechanical energy.\r\n \tRotary actuators are the hydraulic equivalents of electric motors. Hence rotary actuators are also called as hydraulic motors.\r\n \tThe hydraulic motors are very much identical in construction and size to rotary type pumps. They work on exactly the reverse principle, to that of rotary pumps.\r\n \tInstead of pushing the fluid as pumps do, in a hydraulic motor the rotating elements (z.e., vanes, gears, pistons, etc.) are pushed by the pressurized fluid. This enables the hydraulic motor to develop the necessary output torque and rotating motion.\r\n \tThe hydraulic motors are usually rated\/specified in terms of the torque developing capacity or differential pressure.\r\n\r\nSee also :\u00a0Types Of Actuators | Function of Actuators used in Machines\r\n\r\nhydraulic motor\r\nApplications of Hydraulic Motor :\u00a0\r\nHydraulic motors have become popular in industries. Hydraulic motors can be applied directly to the work.They provide excellent control for acceleration, operating speed, deceleration, smooth reversals and positioning. They also provide flexibility in design and eliminate much of bulk and weight of mechanical and electrical power transmission. The applications of hydraulic motors in their various combinations\r\nwith pumping units are termed hydrostatic transmission.\r\n\r\nA hydrostatic transmission converts mechanical power into fluid power and then reconverts fluid power into shaft power. The advantages of hydrostatic transmissions include power transmission to remote areas, infinitely variable speed control, self-overload protection, reverse rotation capability, dynamic braking and a high power-to-weight ratio. Applications include material-handling equipment, farm tractors, railway locomotives, buses, lawn mowers and machine tools.\r\n\r\nNew fields of applications are being discovered constantly for hydrostatic transmissions. Farm implements, road machinery, material-handling equipment, Numerical Control(NC) machines high performance aircrafts, military uses and special machinery are only a few of new fields expanding through the use of fluid power transmission. Many automobiles, railway locomotives and buses use a hydrostatic transmission.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nComparison Between a Hydraulic Motor and an Electric Motor\r\n\n\n\n\n\tElectric MotorHydraulic Motor\n\n\n\n\n\tElectric motors cannot be stopped instantly. Their\ndirection of rotation cannot be reversed instantly.\nThis is because of air gap between the rotor and\nstator and the weak magnetic field.Hydraulic motors can be stalled for any length of\ntime. Their direction of rotation can be instantly\nreversed and their rotational speed can be\ninfinitely varied without affecting their torque.\nThey can be braked instantly and have immense\ntorque capacities.\n\n\n\tElectric motors are heavy and bulkyHydraulic motors are very compact compared to\nelectric motors. For the same power, they occupy\nabout 25% of the space required by electric\nmotors and weigh about 10% of electric motors.\n\n\n\tMoment of inertia-to-torque ratio is nearly 100.Moment of inertia-to-torque ratio is nearly 1.\n\n\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nClassification of Hydraulic Motors\r\nThere are two types of hydraulic motors:\r\n\r\n (a) High-speed low-torque motors and \r\n\r\n(b) low\u2013speed high-torque motors. \r\n\r\nIn high-speed low-torque motors, the shaft is driven directly from either the barrel or the cam plate, whereas in low-speed high-torque motors, the shaft is driven through a differential gear arrangement that reduces the speed and increases the torque. \r\n\r\nDepending upon the mechanism employed to provide shaft rotation, hydraulic motors can be classified as follows:\r\n1. Gear motors.\r\n2. Vane motors.\r\n3. Piston motors:\r\n\r\n \tAxial piston-type motors.\r\n \tRadial piston-type motors.\r\n\r\nGear motors are the least efficient, most dirt-tolerant and have the lowest pressure rating of 3. \r\n\r\nPiston motors are the most efficient, least dirt-tolerant and have high pressure ratings. Vane and piston motors can be fixed or variable displacement, but gear motors are available with only fixed displacement.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nHydraulic and Pneumatic Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Hydraulic Motor or Rotary Actuator | Types , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-19","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/hydraulic-motor-300x222.jpeg","height":222,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-telescopic-cylinder-diagram-and-working-symbol/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/tandem-cylinder-300x166.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , Symbol</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-telescopic-cylinder-diagram-and-working-symbol/">What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , Symbol</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , symbol
Introduction
Telescopic cylinder is used where there is a space constraint. A telescopic cylinder consists of a series of rams nested in a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-telescopic-cylinder-diagram-and-working-symbol/" aria-label="View Post: What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , Symbol">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , Symbol","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-telescopic-cylinder-diagram-and-working-symbol\/","articleBody":"What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , symbol\r\nIntroduction\r\nTelescopic cylinder is used where there is a space constraint. A telescopic cylinder consists of a series of rams nested in a telescopic assembly which provide a long extension. Such cylinders are useful for applications requiring a long stroke but with only limited space available for the unextended ram. Some of the applications of telescopic cylinders include hydraulic cranes, high-lift fork trucks, dump trucks, dipper wagons, etc.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0What is Single Acting Cylinder | Diagram , types , Symbol\r\nConstruction and Operation\r\nFig. illustrates the arrangement of a typical telescoping type cylinder having three rams. Since the diameter A of the ram is relatively large, this ram produces a large force for the beginning of the lift of the load? When ram A reaches the end of the stroke, ram B begins to move. Now ram B provides the required smaller force to continue raising the load. When ram B reaches the end of its stroke, then ram C moves outwards to complete the lifting operation.\r\nThese three rams can be retracted by gravity acting on the load or by pressurized fluid acting on the lip of each ram.\r\n\r\ntandem cylinder\r\nWorking of a Two-Stage Double-Acting Telescopic Cylinder\r\nFig. illustrate the operation of a typical two-stage double-acting telescopic cylinder. \r\n\r\nRetraction stroke : During the retraction stroke, the fluid is fed into the first-stage annulus via retract port A. Therefore the first stage piston is forced to the left until it uncovers the fluid ports connecting this with the second stage annulus. This, in turn, moves the larger piston to the left until both the pistons are fully retracted into the body of the cylinder.\r\n\r\nExtension stroke : During the extension stroke, the fluid is fed through the extend port B. Now the fluid forces both pistons to the right until the cylinder is fully extended.\r\n\r\nAs could be seen from Fig.6.5 that many seals are provided for preventing any possible fluid leakages.\r\n\r\nIn many fluid power applications, the greatest force is required to begin lifting the load. Once the lifting of load has started, then the required force to continue raising the load will be smaller.\r\nTelescopic Cylinder Symbol :\u00a0\r\ntelescopic cylinder\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\nTelescopic Cylinder Application :\r\ntelescopic cylinder application\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"What is Telescopic Cylinder ,Diagram and Working , Symbol","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-19","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/tandem-cylinder-300x166.jpg","height":166,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-7/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/polytropic-processes-300x255.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-7/">Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 7  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-7/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-7\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7\r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 7\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n174. Under what condition a convergent divergent nozzle required ?\r\n\r\nWhen pressure ratio is greater than critical pressure ratio.\r\n\r\n175. What is endurance limit and what is its value for steel ?\r\n\r\nEndurance limit is the maximum level of fluctuating stress which can be tolerated indefinitely. In most steels this stress is approximately 50% of the ultimate tensile strength and it is defined as the stress which can be endured for ten million reversals of stress.\r\n\r\n176. How the net work to drive a compressor and its volumetric efficiency behave with increase in clearance volume ?\r\n\r\nWork remains unaltered and volumetric efficiency decreases.\r\n\r\n177. What do you understand by sulphur print ?\r\n\r\nSulphides, when attached with dilute acid, evolve hydrogen sulphide gas which stains bromide paper and therefore can be readily detected in ordinary steels and cast irons. While sulphur is not always as harmful as is sometimes supposed, a sulphur print is a ready guide to the distribution of segregated impurities in general.\r\n\r\n178. What is the different between brass and bronze ?\r\n\r\nBrass is an alloy of copper with zinc; and bronze is alloy of copper with tin.\r\n\r\n179. What is the effect of addition of zinc in copper? What is the use of 70\/30 brass ?\r\n\r\nBy addition of zinc in copper, both tensile strength and elongation increases. The 70\/30 brass has excellent deep drawing property and is used for making radiator fins.\r\n\r\n180. What for admirality brass used ?\r\n\r\nAdmirality brass with 29% zinc and 1% tin has good corrosion resistance and is used for condenser and feed heater tubes. Aluminium is also added to brass to improve corrosion resistance.\r\n\r\n181. What is the maximum use of magnesium ?\r\n\r\nMagnesium is used to alloy with aluminium and as an additive for making SG (Spheroidal Graphite) iron.\r\n\r\n182. What for zinc finds applications ?\r\n\r\nGalvanizing consumes the largest proportion of zinc. Zinc is resistant to corrosion but is attacked by acids and alkalies. Zinc alloy.s are suited for making die casting since the melting point is reasonably low.\r\n\r\n183. Which factors influence the type of fracture in failure of a material ?\r\n\r\nSeven factors influencing type of failure are :\r\n\r\n \tType of material (inherent structure properties),\r\n \tManner of loading (Static versus dynamic),\r\n \tStrain rate (static, dynamic, impact),\r\n \tStress distribution (discontinuity in material\/shape),\r\n \ttemperature, and\r\n \tsurface treatment.\r\n\r\n184. What is the name given to ratio of actual cycle efficiency and ideal cycle efficiency.\r\n\r\nEfficiency ratio.\r\n\r\n185. List two effects of manganese in plain carbon steels.\r\n\r\nManganese increases tensile strength and hardness. It decreases weldability.\r\n\r\n186. Name the strongest and weakest type of atomic bonds.\r\n\r\nMetallic bond is strongest and molecular bond also known as Vander Waals bond is weakest.\r\n\r\n187. In which process internal energy remains constant ?\r\n\r\nIsothermal process.\r\n\r\n188. What is temper embrittlement in alloy steels and what are its effects ?\r\n\r\nEmbrittlement attack is usually intergranular in metals, i.e. cracks progress between the grains of the polycrystalline material. It imparts a tendency to fail under a static load after a given period of time in those alloy steels which are susceptible to embrittlement.\r\n\r\n189. What are whiskers ?\r\n\r\nWhiskers are very small crystals which are virtually free from imperfections and dislocations.\r\n\r\n190. What is Bauschinger effect ?\r\n\r\nAccording to Bauschinger, the limit of proportionality of material does not remain constant but varies according to the direction of stress under cyclic stresses.\r\n\r\n191. What is the difference between heat capacity and specific heat of a material ?\r\n\r\n \tThe heat capacity of a material is the amount of heat transformed to raise unit mass of a material 1 degree in temperature.\r\n \tThe specific heat of a material is the ratio of the amount of heat transferred to raise unit mass of a material 1 degree in temperature to that required to raise unit mass of water 1 degree of temperature at some specified temperature.\r\n \tFor most engineering purposes, heat capacities may be assumed numerically equal to;specific heats.\r\n\r\n192. Explain the rule to find specific heat of aqueous solutions.\r\n\r\nFor aqueous solutions of salts, the specific heat can be estimated by assuming the specific heat of the solution equal to that of the water alone. Thus, for a 15% by weight solution of sodium chloride in water, the specific heat would be approximately 0.85.\r\n\r\n193. What do you understand by latent heat ? Give four examples of latent heats.\r\n\r\nFor pure substances, the heat effects accompanying changes in state at constant pressure (no temperature change being evident) are known as latent heats. Examples of latent heats are : heat of fusion, vaporisation, sublimation, and change in crystal form.\r\n\r\n194. Define the terms free energy and free enthalpy. What is their significance and importance ?\r\n\r\n \tFree energy (or Helmholtz function) is defined as\/= u -Ts.\r\n \tIt is equal to the work during a constant-volume isothermal reversible nonflow process.\r\n \tFree enthalpy (or Gibbs function) is defined as g = h \u2013 Ts (where u = internal energy, h = enthalpy, T = temperature, s = entropy)\r\n \tGibbs function is of particular importance in processes where chemical changes occur. For reversible isothermal steady-flow processes or for reversible constant-pressure isothermal nonflow processes, change in free energy is equal to net work.\r\n\r\n195.Which parameter remains constant in isochoric process ?\r\n\r\nVolume.\r\n\r\n196. What is polytropic process ? Under what conditions it approaches isobaric, isothermal, and isometric process ? In which reversible process no work is done ?\r\n\r\nA polytropic process is one that follows the equation pun = constant (index n may have values from \u2013 oc to + oo. This process approaches isobaric when n = 0, isothermal when n = 1, and isometric when n = &lt;x&gt;. No work is done in isometric process.\r\n\r\npolytropic processes\r\n\r\n197. Whether superheated steam can be treated like ideal gas ?\r\n\r\nYes.\r\n\r\n198. Out of constant pressure and constant volume lines on TS diagram which line has higher slope ? And whether slope is constant or variable ?\r\n\r\nConstant volume line. Slope is variable.\r\n\r\n199. Whether entropy is intensive property or extensive property ?\r\n\r\nEntropy is extensive property.\r\n\r\n200. In which process fluid expands but does no work ?\r\n\r\nThrottling process.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 7","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/polytropic-processes-300x255.jpg","height":255,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-6/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/pyranometer_1-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-6/">Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6
Basic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 6  Mechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-6/" aria-label="View Post: Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mechanical-basic-interview-question-and-answers-part-6\/","articleBody":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6\r\nBasic of Mechanical Engineering Interview, viva ,Oral Question and Answers Part 6\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering Interview Technical questions and answers with explanation for Job interview, competitive examinations and entrance tests.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n151. Car tyres are usually made of ?\r\n\r\nStyrene-butadine rubber.\r\n\r\n152. What is the structure of pure iron and whether it is soft or hard ?\r\n\r\nFerrite and it is soft.\r\n\r\n153. Which elements increase the corrosion resistance of steel ?\r\n\r\nChromium and nickel.\r\n\r\n154. What causes hardness in steel ? How heat treatment alters properties of steel ?\r\n\r\nThe shape and distribution of the carbides in the iron determines the hardness of the steel. Carbides can be dissolved in austenite is the basis of the heat treatment of steel. If steel is heated above the A critical temperature to dissolve all the carbides, and then cooled, suitable cooling through the cooling range will produce the desired size and distribution of carbides in the ferrite, imparting different properties.\r\n\r\n155. Explain the formation of micro structures of pearlite, bainite and martensite in steel.\r\n\r\nIf austenite containing about 0.80 percent carbon is slowly cooled through the critical temperature, ferrite and cementite are rejected simultaneously, forming alternate plates or lamellae. This microstructure is called pearlite. At temperatures just be lot the A1, the transformation from austenite.to pearlite may take an appreciable time to initiate and complete, but the product will be lameller pearlite. As the transformation temperature is lowered, the time to initiate transformation shortens but the product is pearlite of increasing fineness, and at temperatures approaching 550\u00b0C it cannot be resolved into its lamellar constituents. Further deerease in transformation temperature causes a lengthening of the incubation period and a change in structure of the product to a form known as \u201cbainite\u201d.\r\n\r\nIf the temperature is lowered sufficiently, the diffusion controlled nucleation and growth modes of transformation are suppressed completely and the austenite transforms by a diffusionless process in which the crystal lattice effectively shears to a new crystallographic configuration known as \u201cmartensite\u201d. This phase has a tetragonal crystal structure and contains carbon in supersaturated solid solution.\r\n\r\n156. How with alloying of steel it is possible to a achieve properties which can not be achieved with heat treatment ?\r\n\r\nA prerequisite to the hardening of steels is that martensite should be formed on cooling, but this can only be achieved if the rate of cooling is great enough to suppress the formation of pearlite or bainite and in plain carbon steels this can be achieved by quenching relatively small specimens\r\n\r\n157. What are the major effects of alloying elements?\r\n\r\n \tTo alter the transformation temperatures and times\r\n \tTo modify the room temperature and elevated temperature strengths of given structures by (a) stiffening the crystals and (B) introducing complex precipitates which tend to harden the steel.\r\n \tTo modify the type of oxide film formed on the surface of the steel and thereby affect its corrosion resistance.\r\n\r\n158. What is the difference between austenite stabilisers and ferrite stabilisers ?\r\n\r\n \tAustenite stabilisers have the effect of extending the temperature range overwhich austenite is formed. Such elements are carbon, manganese, nickel, copper and cobalt.\r\n \tFerrite stabilisers have the effect of extending the temperature range over which alpha and delta ferrite are formed, which consequently reduces temperature range over which austenite is formed. Such elements are silicon, chromium, molybdenum,\r\ntungsten, titanium and niobium.\r\n\r\n159. What are the effects of carbon on the properties of steel.\r\n\r\n \tIn general, an increase in carbon content produces higher ultimate strength and hardness but lowers ductility and toughness of steel alloys. Carbon also increases air-hardening tendencies and weld hardness, especially in the presence of chromium. In low-alloy steel for high-temperature applications, the carbon content is usually restricted to a maximum of about 0.15% in order to assure optimum ductility for welding, expanding, and bending operations. To minimize intergranular corrosion caused by carbide precipitation, the carbon content of austenitic (18-8 type) alloys is limited in commercial specifications to a maximum of 0.08%, or even less, i.e. 0.03% in the extremely low-carbon grades used in certain corrosion-resistant applications.\r\n \tIn plain carbon steels in the normalised condition, the resistance to creep at temperatures below 440\u00b0C appears to increase with carbon content up to 0.4% carbon, at higher temperatures there is but little variation of creep properties with carbon content.\r\n \tAn increase in carbon content lessens the thermal and electrical conductivities of steel and increases its hardness on quenching.\r\n\r\n160. What is the role of silicon as alloying element in steels ?\r\n\r\n \tSilicon contributes greatly to the production of sound steel because of its deoxidizing and degasifying properties. When added in amounts up to 2.5%, the ultimate strength of the steel is increased without loss in ductility. Silicon in excess of 2.5% causes brittleness, and amounts higher than 5% make the steel non-malleable.\r\n \tResistance to oxidation and surface stability of steel are increased by the addition of silicon. These desirable effects partially compensate for the tendency of silicon to lower the creep properties of steel. Silicon increases the electrical resistivity of steel and decreases hysteresis losses.\r\n\r\n161. Discuss the role of manganese in alloying steels.\r\n\r\nManganese is an excellent deoxidizer and sulfur neutralizer, and improves the mechanical properties of steel, notably the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength at normal temperatures. As an alloying element, manganese serves as an inexpensive means of preventing \u201chot shortness\u201d. It improves rolling properties, hardenability, and resistance to wear. However manganese increases the crack sensitivity of weldments, particularly with steels of higher carbon content.\r\n\r\n162. Define buckling factor.\r\n\r\nIt is the ratio of the equivalent length of column to the minimum radius of gyration.\r\n\r\n163. What do you understand by catenary cable ?\r\n\r\nA cable attached to the supports and carrying its own weight.\r\n\r\n164. What is coaxing ?\r\n\r\nIt is the process of improving fatigue properties by first under-stressing and then increasing the stress in small increments.\r\n\r\n165. What is difference between conjugate beam and continuous beam ?\r\n\r\nA conjugate beam is an imaginary beam of same size as original beam and carrying a distributed load in accordance with the bending moment diagram.\r\nA continuous beam is one which is resting on more than two supports.\r\n\r\n166. What is isotropic material ?\r\n\r\nIt is a material having same elastic constants in all directions.\r\n\r\n167. Explain difference between modulus of resilience and modulus of rigidity ?\r\n\r\nModulus of resilience is the maximum strain energy stored in a material per unit volume and modulus of rigidity is the ratio of shearing stress to the shearing strain within the elastic limit.\r\n\r\n168. What is the difference between basic hole and basic shaft ?\r\n\r\nA basic hole is one whose lower deviation is zero and in case of basic shaft the upper deviation is zero.\r\n\r\n169. What for pyranometer is used ?\r\n\r\nIt is used to measure the total hemispherical solar radiation.\r\n\r\npyranometer\r\n\r\n170. Describe transfer machines in brief.\r\n\r\nIt is an automatic machine in which workpiece along with fixture is transferred from one station to other automatically and several operation on workpiece are performed at each station.\r\n\r\n171. What is burnt-out point ?\r\n\r\nIt corresponds to maximum heat flux at which transition occurs from nucleate boiling to film boiling.\r\n\r\n172. What do you understand by eutectic ?\r\n\r\nIt is mechanical mixture of two or more phases which solidify simultaneously from the liquid alloy.\r\n\r\n173. Explain the difference between grey iron and white iron. What is mottled iron ?\r\n\r\nThe carbon in cast iron could exist at room temperature as either iron carbide, or as graphite which is the more stable form. Irons containing carbon as graphite are soft, easily machinable and are called \u201cgrey irons\u201d. Irons with carbon present as iron carbide are extremely hard, difficult to machine and are called \u201cwhite\u201d irons. Irons with fairly equal proportions of graphite and iron carbide have intermediate hardness and are called \u201cmottled\u201d irons.\r\n\r\n173. The graphite in grey irons exists in the form of flakes which act as stress-raisers under tensile loading and consequently grey irons have relatively low tensile strength and ductility. Still grey iron is extensively used in engineering. Why ?\r\n\r\nGrey iron is extensively used in engineering because of following characteristics.\r\n(a) Cheapness.\r\n(b) Low melting point and high fluidity making it suitable for castings of intricate shape\r\n(c) Relatively good erosion and corrosion resistance.\r\n(d) High damping capacity, with respect to vibration.\r\n(e) Relatively good mechanical properties under compressive loading.\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Basic Interview : Part 1 | Part 2\u00a0| Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Mechanical Basic Interview Question and Answers Part 6","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pyranometer_1-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=44">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=43"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>43</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=44"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>44</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>45</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=46"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>46</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=47"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>47</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=46">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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