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class="excerpt"><p>Pneumatic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers
Pneumatic Circuit Design | Interview viva, oral  Question and Answers  1. What is the main advantage of hydro pneumatics?  The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-circuit-design-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Pneumatic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pneumatic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-circuit-design-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Pneumatic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers\r\nPneumatic Circuit Design | Interview viva, oral\u00a0 Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is the main advantage of hydro pneumatics?\r\n\r\nThe hydropneumatic systems use air and oil. By the use of both media, the quick action of air and smooth high pressure action of oi I both can be achieved.\r\n\r\n2. Name the different hydropneumatic appliances.\r\n\r\n(i) Air-oil reservoir (ii) Air-oil cylinder (iii) Air-oil intensifier.\r\n\r\n3. What do you mean by logic control?\r\n\r\nThe logic control is a control based on logic functions like AND, OR, NOT etc. The components of logic control are sensors and switching elements called binary elements, i.e. at any moment they can be in one of the two states. \"ON-OFF\".\r\n\r\n4. Name the different pneumatic position sensors.\r\n\r\n(i) Pneumatic limit valves (ii) Back pressure sensor (iii) Proximity sensor (iv) Gap sensor or Interruptible jet sensor (v) Limit switch.\r\n\r\n5. What are moving part logic elements (MPL)?\r\n\r\nThe MPL elements are miniature pneumatic elements. These elements are available as AND, OR, NOT logic elements. The elements use moving parts such as diaphragms, springs, disk, balls, poppets.\r\n\r\n6. What is Fluidics?\r\n\r\nFluidics is fluid logics. It is based on jet interaction. Fluidic elements have no mechanical moving parts.\r\n\r\n7. What are the advantages of fluidic elements?\r\n\r\n(i) A wear and tear of elements. (ii) No actuating force needed. (iii) Very little space needed for mounting. (iv) Quite insensitive to temperature, vibration, shock, electric noise and radiation.\r\n\r\n8. Draw the symbol for fluidic OR element and write its truth table.\r\n\r\nfludic truth table\r\n\r\n10. Name the common methods used for designing logic circuits?\r\n\r\n1. Classic method 2. Cascade method 3. Step counter method 4. KV map method 5. Combinational circuit design.\r\n\r\n11. What is a step counter?\r\n\r\nA step counter is a digital modular counter constructed from stepping units. A stepping unit is built from memory valve and a preswitched AND valve with two inputs.\r\n\r\n12. What is the difference between pressure switch and a temperature switch?\r\n\r\nPressure switches open or close contacts based on the system pressure. Temperature switches senses change in temperature and open or close contacts when a predetermined temperature is reached.\r\n\r\n13. How does a limit switch differ from a push button switch?\r\n\r\nPush button switches are momentary switches. They make or break contact only as long as they are held pressed. But limit switches make or break contact permanently when they are actuated.\r\n\r\n14. What is an electrical relay?\r\n\r\nElectrical relay is a switch whose contacts open or close when its coil is energised. Relays are used for energising and de-energising solenoids.\r\n\r\n15. What is the purpose of an electrical timer?\r\n\r\nTimers are used to control the time duration of a working cycle. In this way, a dwell can be provided when needed.\r\n\r\n16. What is a ladder diagram?\r\n\r\nThe ladder diagram is a representation of hardware connections between switches, relays and solenoids etc., which constitute the basic components of an electrical control system. The left leg of the ladder connected to the power and the right to the ground.\r\n\r\n17. What is the advantage of using microelectronic control for fluid power compared to electro-mechanical control?\r\n\r\nWhen the sequence changes, the hardwired electro-mechanical has to be changed. This is expensive, but microelectronic control is programmable. So when the sequence changes, the program only has to be changed.\r\n\r\n18. What is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)?\r\n\r\nProgrammable Logic Controller is defined as a digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to store instructions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic to control machine or processes.\r\n\r\n19. What are the basic elements of PLC?\r\n\r\n(i) Central processing unit with an associated memory (ii) Input modules (iii) Output modules.\r\n\r\n20. What are the various approaches for entering the program in PLC?\r\n\r\n(i) Ladder diagram based.\r\n(ii) Low-level language based on Boolean expressions\r\n(iii) Functional blocks (iv) High-level languages.\r\n\r\n21. Explain why interfacing is necessary in a microprocessor control of fluid power?\r\n\r\nMicroprocessors usually works with different levels of voltages and currents than those used by sensors and actuators. So an interface is needed to connect the items which are not directly compatible.\r\n\r\n22. Compare PLC and a computer on the basis of fluid power applications.\r\n\r\nPLC can be interfaced with hundreds of input and output lines. PLCs are designed for industrial environments where they may be exposed to heat, humidity, and corrosive atmosphere. Microcomputers are used where the input and output lines are limited and more data processing is required.\r\n\r\n23. What is the important requirement to get a maximum trouble-free life from fluid power systems?\r\n\r\n(i) Properly installed equipments (ii) Properly trained personnel\r\n(iii) Planned bolts preventive maintenance\r\n(iv) Effective troubleshooting.\r\n\r\n24. What is the meaning of the term \"troubleshooting\"?\r\n\r\nThe tenn troubleshooting means an organised and systematic study of the problem and a logical approach to the difficulty faced in the system.\r\n\r\n25. List five things that can cause a noisy pump.\r\n\r\n(i) Misalignment of pump and prime mover (ii) Air remains in pump casing (iii) Pump bolts very loose (iv) Very high viscosity of oil (v) Pump running too fast.\r\n\r\n26. List three causes for low or erratic pressure in a hydraulic system.\r\n\r\n(i) Very low relief valve setting\r\n(ii) Leakage of pump delivery within the system\r\n(iii) Pump slipping its entire volume.\r\n\r\n27. If a pneumatic cylinder has erratic motion, name the causes.\r\n\r\n(i) Valve sticking or binding (ii) Cylinder sticking or binding.\r\n\r\n28. What is a tree-branching chart?\r\n\r\nTree-branching chart is a chart used to simplify the troubleshooting process. This chart asks a question which has only two possible answers-Yes or No. The answer determines the next step to be taken in fault analysis. This chart helps to develop a logical and rapid approach to fault diagnosis.\r\n\r\n29. Define Low-Cost Automation and what are its features?\r\n\r\nLow-cost automation is defined as a technology that creates some degree of automation around the existing equipment, tools and methods, using mostly the standard equipment available in the market.\r\n\r\nThe features of LCA are,\r\n(i) The automation of small to medium scale industries can be made viable.\r\n(ii) Since it is built using the existing resources, in a systematic way,\r\nthe investment risks are low.\r\n(iii) Labour productivity can be enhanced substantially.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Pneumatic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/fludic-truth-table-300x265.jpg","height":265,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-system-components-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/frl-unit-300x174.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-system-components-interview-question-and-answers/">Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers
Pneumatic System Components - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview, viva ,oral Question and Answers  1. What is the difference between a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-system-components-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-system-components-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers\r\nPneumatic System Components - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview, viva ,oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What is the difference between a strainer and filter?\r\n\r\nStrainer is a device for the removal of solids from a fluid wherein the resistance of motion of such solids is in a straight line. Filter is a device for the removal of sol ids from a fluid wherein the resistance of motion of such solids is in a tortuous path.\r\n\r\n2. Name the various filter media.\r\n\r\n(i) Woven wire cloth (ii) Paper filter (iii) Woven cloth media (iv) Sintered metal powders (v) Ceramic and plastic media.\r\n\r\n3. List out the basic types of filtering methods used in hydraulic system.\r\n\r\nThe basic filtering methods are,\r\n(i) Surface type (ii) Depth type (iii) Edge type.\r\n\r\n4. List the various locations where filters are installed in hydraulic systems?\r\n\r\n(i) Suction line filter (ii) Pressure line filter (iii) Return line filter (iv) By pass and bleed-off filter.\r\n\r\n5. What is meant by synchronisation of cylinder motion? Name the various methods to achieve it.\r\n\r\nIf a load is to be lifted with the help of two or more hydraulic cylinders, the cylinders are connected by some means to synchronise their motion.\r\n\r\nThe various methods are,\r\n\r\n(i) Tie cylinders (ii) Series piping (iii) Synchronizing with flow control valves (iv) Synchronizing with matching pumps (v) Synchronizing with\r\nflow dividers.\r\n\r\n6. What is the purpose of regenerative circuit and how is it attained?\r\n\r\nA regenerative circuit is used to speedup the extending speed of a double acting cylinder. This is attained by connecting the return flow from cylinder to pump flow.\r\n\r\n8. For the above problem, if the system pressure is 86 bar, what is the load carrying capacity of the system.\r\n\r\nLoad carrying capacity = Au x P = 1.5 x 10-3 x 86 x 105=10.2 kN\r\n\r\n9. What is banked unit and mention one of its applications?\r\n\r\nThe directional control valves, usually six port valves are grouped together and is called banked unit. Banked units are mainly used in mobile applications like elevators. cranes, fork Lifts etc.\r\n\r\n10. When is pneumatics preferred over hydraulics?\r\n\r\nPneumatics is preferred, over hydraulics when high speed and lower forces are required and do not require high precision.\r\n\r\n11. Name the three types of positive displacement compressors that are commonly used in industry?\r\n\r\n(i) Reciprocating piston type (ii) Rotary vane type (iii) Rotary screw type\r\n\r\n12. What is a multistage compressor?\r\n\r\nA compressor that draws in air and compress it to its final pressure in two or more stages is called multistage compressor.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Multistage Compression | Advantages of Multistage Compression\r\n\r\n13. What is the purpose of a dryer?\r\n\r\nThe purpose of the dryer is to reduce the relative humidity and dew point of the compressed air from the compressor.\r\n\r\n14. What is the function of an air filter?\r\n\r\nThe function of an air filter is to remove contaminants from air before it reaches the pneumatic components such as valves and actuators.\r\n\r\n15. What is the purpose of a pressure regulator?\r\n\r\nThe purpose of the pressure regulator is to regulate the incoming pressure to the desired pressure.\r\n\r\n16. Why should a lubricator be used in a pneumatic system?\r\n\r\nAir is not a good lubricant. So to lubricate the moving parts in the pneumatic system, a fine mist of oil is discharged into the air by a lubricator.\r\n\r\n17. What is an F-R-L unit and give the graphic symbol of it?\r\n\r\nF-R-L unit is a combined unit of Filter-Regulator-Lubricator.\r\n\r\n FRL UNIT\r\n\r\n18. What is the need for mufflers?\r\n\r\nThe use of exhausted air in industries has created noise problems. This air generates high intensity sound energy, which causes fatigue to an operator. The muffler is used to reduce the energy of exhausted air, thereby reducing the noise.\r\n\r\n20. What is the purpose of a shuttle valve?\r\n\r\nThe shuttle valve delivers an output when one input is present or when both are present.\r\n\r\n21. What is the purpose of a two-pressure valve?\r\n\r\nThe two-pressure valve delivers an output when both input signals are present.\r\n\r\n22. State the difference between quick exhaust valve and flow control valve.\r\n\r\nThe flow control valve is used to reduce the actuator speed from its normal speed. But quick exhaust valve accelerates the speed of the actuator.\r\n\r\n23. Why air cylinders cannot be used for precise speed control?\r\n\r\nDue to the compressibility characteristic of air, the air cylinder tends to slow down on meeting increase in load and to accelerate when the load suddenly decreases. So air cylinders cannot be employed for precise control.\r\n\r\n28. Classify the pneumatic cylinders based on principle.\r\n\r\n(i) Single acting cylinder (ii) Double acting cylinder (iii) Tandem cylinder (iv) Three position cylinder (v) Through rod cylinder (vi) Adjustable stroke cylinder (vii) Telescoping cylinder.\r\n\r\n29. Name the different types of air motors.\r\n\r\n(i) Piston type motors--Axial, Radial\r\n(ii) Vane type motors-Nan-reversible, Reversible\r\n(iii) Turbine motors.\r\n\r\n30. Mention few advantages of air motor over electric motor.\r\n\r\n(i) Air motors do not require electrical power. So they can be used in volatile atmospheres.\r\n(ii) Air motors can stall under full load for indefinite periods of time, while electric motors will be damaged by heat generation when stalled.\r\n(iii) Air motor speed can be regulated through simple flow control valve instead of expensive and complicated electronic speed controls.\r\n\r\n31. Where are suction cups used?\r\n\r\nSuction cups can be used to pickup and hold work pieces with smooth and impervious surfaces. They are commonly used in pick and place application ill industries like glass, TV, printing, sheet handling, packaging etc.\r\n\r\n32. Define the terms running torque, starting torque and stall torque of an air motor.\r\n\r\nThe torque generated when the motor is rotating at a particular speed is 'running torque'. The maximum torque the motor can produce when starting under load is 'starting torque'. The torque required to stop the motor at a particular supply pressure is 'stall torque'.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nPneumatic or Air operated projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )","headline":"Pneumatic System Components | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/frl-unit-300x174.jpg","height":174,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-circuit-design-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/pressure-relief-valave-and-pressure-reducing-valve-300x77.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-circuit-design-interview-question-and-answers/">Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers
Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview viva ,oral  Question and Answers  1. What are the three important things that are controlled in a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-circuit-design-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hydraulic-circuit-design-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers\r\nHydraulic Circuit Design | Interview viva ,oral\u00a0 Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. What are the three important things that are controlled in a hydraulic system?\r\n\r\nIn a hydraulic system, the pressure, direction and volume of flow are controlled. The pressure is controlled to control the force. Flow is controlled to control the velocity. Direction is controlled to obtain actuator motion in both directions.\r\n\r\n2. What is the function of relief valve in a hydraulic system?\r\n\r\nThe function of a relief valve is to limit the system pressure to a specified maximum value by diverting the pump flow back to the tank.\r\n\r\n3. What are the advantages of compound relief valve over direct acting relief valve?\r\n\r\n(i) Compound relief valves are usually smaller than the simple relief valves for the same flow and pressure settings.\r\n(ii) They also have a wider range of maximum pressure setting.\r\n(iii) They can also be operated remotely by connecting a simple relief valve to the vent port.\r\n\r\n4. What is the function of an unloading valve?\r\n\r\nThe unloading valve is useful to control the amount of flow at any given time in systems having more than one fixed delivery pump.\r\n\r\n5. What is the function of a sequence valve?\r\n\r\nWhen the operation of two cylinders is required to be performed in sequence, the sequence valve is used.\r\n\r\n6. When is the pressure reducing valve used in a hydraulic system?\r\n\r\nPressure reducing valve is used to maintain reduced pressure in specified locations of hydraulic system.\r\n\r\n7. Draw the symbols for a pressure relief valve and pressure reducing valve\r\n\r\n pressure relief valve and pressure reducing valve\r\n\r\n8. Name one application of a counterbalance valve.\r\n\r\nThe counterbalance valve is used to maintain back pressure on a vertical cylinder to prevent it from falling due to gravity.\r\n\r\n9. What is a check valve?\r\n\r\nThe check valve is a one way valve, which allows flow in one direction, on the other direction the flow is not permitted.\r\n\r\n10. How does a pilot operated check valve differ from a simple check valve?\r\n\r\nPilot operated check valve is a two way valve. This type of check valve allows free flow in one direction; it allows flow in other direction also, when a pilot pressure is applied. But simple check valve always allows flow in only one direction.\r\n\r\n11. When are three way valves used in a hydraulic circuit?\r\n\r\nThree way valves are used to operate single acting cylinders and two three way valves are needed to operate a double acting cylinder.\r\n\r\n12. What is meant by actuation of valve? List the various actuating devices of direction control valves.\r\n\r\nActuation is a method of moving valve element from one position to another. The various actuating devices are: Manually operated, mechanically operated, Solenoid operated and Pilot operated.\r\n\r\n13. What is a solenoid and how does it work?\r\n\r\nA solenoid is a electromagnetic coil. When it is energised, it creates a magnetic force that pulls the armature. The armature is connected to the spool of the direction control valve and the valve is actuated.\r\n\r\n14. Give the hydraulic symbol for 3 position-4 way closed center solenoid operated direction control valve?\r\n\r\n 3 position 4 way valve\r\n\r\n15. What is meant when a flow control valve is said to be 'pressure compensated'?\r\n\r\nThe flow through the flow control valve varies as the square root of the pressure drop across it. So any change in pressure at the outlet and inlet changes the flow through the valve. Pressure compensated flow control adjusts automatically to pressure changes and maintains a constant pressure drop from inlet to outlet, thus provides constant flow.\r\n\r\n16. What is the need for temperature compensation in flow control valves?\r\n\r\nAs the viscosity of oil varies with temperature, the oil becomes less viscous when temperature increases. As the less viscous fluid flow more readily through an orifice, the increase in temperature causes increase in flow for a valve setting. So temperature compensation is needed to offset the effect of such temperature variations.\r\n\r\n17. Name the three ways of applying flow control valves?\r\n\r\nThe three ways of applying flow control valves are,\r\n(i) Meter-in (ii) Meter-out (iii) Bleed-off.\r\n\r\n18. Differentiate meter-in and meter-out controls.\r\n\r\n \tIn meter-in type, the flow control valve is located in the pressure line leading to the work cylinder. This type is used when load characteristics are constant and positive.\r\n \tIn meter-out type, the flow control valve is installed in the return side of the cylinder. This type is used in machine tools like drills and mills in which the tool is dragged suddenly.\r\n\r\n19. What is a flow divider and name the different types.\r\n\r\nFlow divider is a flow control valve and is used to divide the fluid flow from a single source into two or more streams of equal flow.\r\nThere are two types of flow dividers:\r\n1. Valve type\r\n2. Motor type\r\n\r\n20. What is the purpose of a deceleration valve?\r\n\r\nThe purpose of the deceleration valve is to gradually reduce the flow rate going out of the cylinder to provide deceleration of the heavy loads.\r\n\r\n21. What is a modular valve?\r\n\r\nModular valve is a stack of control valves one on the other to form a complete valve pack. This arrangement forms a compact system, thereby reducing assembly cost and eliminates much of the interconnecting pipe work.\r\n\r\n22. What is a cat ridge valve?\r\n\r\nCartridge valve consists of a catridge which can be mounted in a standard recess in a valve block. These valves give necessary control function such as pressure, flow and direction.\r\n\r\n23. What is a servo valve and what is its function?\r\n\r\nServo valve is a direction control valve which has infinite variable positioning capability. Thus it can control not only the direction of fluid flow but also the amount. It gives a very accurate control of position and velocity of an actuator.\r\n\r\n24. What is the purpose of seals in hydraulic system and how are they classified?\r\n\r\nThe seals are used to prevent the internal and external leakages of hydraulic system.\r\nSeals may be classified as (i) Positive type (ii) Non-positive type;\r\nSeals may be classified in another way as (i) Static seals (ii) Dynamic seals.\r\n\r\n25. State the difference between positive seals and non-positive seals.\r\n\r\nPositive seals prevent even a small amount of leakage. Positive seals are used for external applications such as pipe and flange joints. Nonpositive seals allow small amount of fluid to pass and are used for internal applications.\r\n\r\n26. What is the difference between static seals and dynamic seals?\r\n\r\nStatic seals prevent leakage between non-moving parts and dynamic seals prevent leakage in moving components.\r\n\r\n27. List out the most widely used types of seal configurations.\r\n\r\nStatic seals--Gaskets, O-rings\r\nDynamic seals-- (i) Contact seals\r\nLip type seals, U rings, cup seals, chevron rings, wipers and scrapers\r\n(ii) Clearance type seals-Piston rings.\r\n\r\n28. What is an intensifier and when is it used?\r\n\r\nAn intensifier is a device which converts low pressure fluid power into high pressure fluid power. Intensifiers are used when a great force is needed for a relatively short distance.\r\n\r\n31. Name the three basic types of accumulators used in hydraulic system.\r\n\r\n(i) Weight loaded type (ii) Spring loaded type (iii) Gas loaded type\r\n\r\n32. State the various functions of accumulator in hydraulic circuit?\r\n\r\nLeakage compensation, auxiliary power source, emergency power source, shock suppressor, thermal expansion compensator.\r\n\r\n33. What is a hydrostatic drive?\r\n\r\nA hydrostatic drive consists of a positive displacement pump, driving a positive displacement hydraulic motor.\r\n\r\n34. What is the difference between open-loop and closed-loop hydrostatic Transmission?\r\n\r\nIn open-loop transmission, all the fluid discharged by the motor returns to the oil reservoir. In closed-loop transmission the fluid flows in a continuous path from the pump outlet port to the hydraulic motor inlet port and then directly back to the inlet of the pump. \r\n\r\n35. What are the three basic arrangements in hydrostatic drives?\r\n\r\n(i) Variable displacement pump, fixed displacement motor-constant torque transmission\r\n(ii) Fixed displacement pump, variable displacement motor-constant power transmission\r\n(iii) Variable displacement pump, variable displacement motor-variable torque, variable power transmission.\r\n\r\n36. What are the two braking systems used in hydrostatic drives?\r\n\r\nThe two braking systems used in hydrostatic drives are regenerative and dynamic braking.\r\n\r\n37. What do you understand by the term power pack?\r\n\r\nPower pack consists of a pump, electric motor, reservoir and associated valving assembled to one unit to supply pressurised fluid. They are relatively small in size and provide functions of pressure, direction and flow control within the basic package.\r\n\r\n38. What are the main criteria in the design of hydraulic system?\r\n\r\n(i) Simplicity (ii) Reliability (iii) Efficiency (iv) Cost effectiveness (v) Maintainability (vi) Safety.\r\n\r\n39. List the parameters related to the selection of hydraulic cylinders?\r\n\r\n(i) Purpose (ii) Stroke requirement (iii) Thrust (iv) Speed (v) Acceleration and deceleration (vi) Cylinder mountings (vii) Special seal requirement\r\n\r\n40. What is the purpose of stop tube in a hydraulic cylinder?\r\n\r\nIn cases, where the cylinder is rigidly fixed or pivoted at both ends, there is a possibility for excessive loading to occur. The effect of side loading can be reduced by a stop tube inside the cylinder.\r\n\r\n41. What is cracking pressure of relief valve and how does it affect the selection of relief valve?\r\n\r\nThe pressure at which the relief valve opens is called the cracking pressure. The relief valve with a higher cracking pressure is selected because once the relief valve cracks, the flow is lost over the relief valve even when the system has not yet achieved the maximum system pressure.\r\n\r\n42. Which type of flow control valve is preferable, if load on the actuator undergo changes?\r\n\r\nPressure compensated flow control valve is selected, if load on the actuator undergo changes.\r\n\r\n44. What is the difference between hydraulic tubing and hoses?\r\n\r\nTubes are constructed of cold drawn steel and they are used where high pressures are encountered. Hose is made up of rubber or thermoplastic tube reinforced with steel wire or textile braiding. Hoses are used for medium pressure applications and moving machine members.\r\n\r\n45. List the parameters affecting the selection of a pump.\r\n\r\nMaximum operating pressure, maximum delivery, pump drive speed, type of fluid, fluid contamination, pump pulsation, pump noise, size and weight of pump, efficiency and cost.\r\n\r\n46. What is the purpose of baffle plate in a fluid reservoir?\r\n\r\nThe baffle plate is provided between the pump's inlet and return lines for preventing the continuous recirculation of the same fluid into the system. So the foreign particles from the returning fluid are allowed to settle down without any disturbance and the trapped air is allowed to escape.\r\n\r\n47. What is an air breather in a fluid reservoir?\r\n\r\nAs the fluid level in the tank goes up and down during the various operations, a hole is provided at the top, for the inlet and exit of air and is known as air breather.\r\n\r\n48. What are the main functions of a fluid reservoir?\r\n\r\nThe functions are,\r\n(i) To provide a chamber in which any change in volume of the fluid in the hydraulic circuit can be accomodated.\r\n(ii) To provide a radiating surface for allowing the fluid to cool.\r\n(iii) To provide a volume of fluid to allow entrapped air to separate and heavy contaminants to settle.\r\n\r\n49. Give the empirical rule for sizing reservoirs.\r\n\r\n(i) If there is no volume changes in the system, the minimum reservoir capacity should be twice the pump delivery pressure.\r\n(ii) For mobile applications, the reservoir capacity should be 3-4 times the pump delivery per minute.\r\n(iii) For high pressure system, the reservoir capacity should be 2-15 litres per installed horse power.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nCAD Software | CAD Tutorials\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Hydraulic Circuit Design | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/pressure-relief-valave-and-pressure-reducing-valve-300x77.jpg","height":77,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-components-interview-question-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/centrifugal-pump-vs-positive-displacement-pump-300x136.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-components-interview-question-answers/">Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers
Hydraulic Components - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview, viva ,oral Question and Answers  1. Name the basic components required in hydraulic...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydraulic-components-interview-question-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hydraulic-components-interview-question-answers\/","articleBody":"Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers\r\nHydraulic Components - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview, viva ,oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. Name the basic components required in hydraulic system.\r\n\r\n(i) Pump (ii) Hydraulic valves (iii)Hydraulic actuators.\r\n\r\n2. What is a positive displacement pump and how does it differ from a centrifugal pump?\r\n\r\n \tPositive displacement pump is a pump in which there is a physical displacement of the boundary of fluid mass.\r\n \tCentrifugal pump is a non-positive displacement pump. In this there is a relative motion between the fluid and rotor.\r\n \tIn positive displacement pump, the outlet flow is independent of system pressure. But in centrifugal pump the outlet flow is dependent on system pressure. So when pressure increases, the flow reduces.\r\n\r\n centrifugal pump vs positive displacement pump\r\n\r\n3. What is the function of pump in a hydraulic system?\r\n\r\nIn a hydraulic system, a pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Mechanical energy is given to the pump via a prime mover such as an electric motor.\r\n\r\n4. Name the three popular construction types of positive displacement pumps.\r\n\r\n(i) Gear pumps (ii) Vane pumps (iii) Piston pumps.\r\n\r\n5. Name the different designs of gear pump.\r\n\r\n(i) External gear pump (ii) Internal gear pump (iii) Lobe pump (iv) Screw pump.\r\n\r\n6. Why is the operation of a screw pump quiet?\r\n\r\nIn the screw pump, the fluid does not rotate but moves linearly. Thus even at higher speed, there are no pulsations. So it is a quiet operating pump.\r\n\r\n7. Name the different designs of vane pump.\r\n\r\n(i) Unbalanced vane pump (ii) Balanced vane pump.\r\n\r\n8. What is the difference between fixed displacement and variable displacement pump?\r\n\r\nIn the fixed displacement pump, the pump displacement cannot be varied by any means. But in the variable displacement pump, the pump displacement can be varied by any arrangement.\r\n\r\n9. Why gear pump cannot be used as a variable displacement pump?\r\n\r\nIn the gear pump, the displacement depends on the design parameters of gears and they cannot be changed. So the displacement cannot be varied in gear pumps.\r\n\r\n10. How can the unbalanced vane pump be used as a variable displacement pump?\r\n\r\nIn unbalanced vane pump, the displacement depends on eccentricity between rotor and cam ring. By mechanically varying the eccentricity, the pump delivery is varied.\r\n\r\n11. What is a pressure compensated vane pump and how does it work?\r\n\r\nIn the unbalanced vane pump, the displacement can be varied by varying the eccentricity. By a compensator piston arrangement, the eccentricity is varied depending on the system pressure thereby pump delivery is varied. This pump is called pressure compensated vane pump.\r\n\r\n12. What is meant by a balanced design vane pump?\r\n\r\nIn balanced vane pump, there are two inlet and outlet ports which are diametrically opposite to each other. Because the pressure ports are opposite to each other, a complete hydraulic balance is achieved.\r\n\r\n13. Name the two basic types of piston pumps.\r\n\r\n(i) Axial piston pump (ii) Radial piston pump.\r\n\r\n14. How can the displacement of an axial piston pump be varied?\r\n\r\nIn axial piston pumps, by varying the stroke length the displacement can be varied. In bent axis type, by varying the angle between cylinder block and drive shaft centerline, the stroke length can be varied. In swash plate type by varying the swash plate angle the stroke length can be varied.\r\n\r\n15. Define volumetric efficiency of a pump.\r\n\r\nVolumetric efficiency of pump = (Actual flow rate produced by the pump \/ Theoritical flow rate the pump should produce)\r\n\r\n16. Define mechanical efficiency of a pump.\r\n\r\nMechanical efficiency m = Theoritical power required to operate the pump \/ Actual power delivered to the pump\r\n\r\n19. Draw the graphic symbols for the following pump types.\r\n\r\n(i) Fixed displacement (ii) Variable displacement (iii) Pressure compensated (iv) Bidirectional.\r\n\r\n graphical symbol\r\n\r\n20. What is a hydraulic actuator?\r\n\r\nThe actuator is a hydraulic element which converts the pressure energy of the fluid into mechanical energy.\r\n\r\n21. What are the types of hydraulic actuators?\r\n\r\nThere are three basic types of hydraulic actuator,\r\n(i) Hydraulic motor--continuous rotary motion\r\n(ii) Semi-rotary actuator-limited angle movement\r\n(iii) Hydraulic cylinder-linear motion.\r\n\r\n22. What is the purpose of hydraulic motor and how does it differ from the hydraulic pump.\r\n\r\nThe motors are actuated by the fluid. The fluid forces the motor to create the rotary motion. The motor is mechanically linked to the load and develops torque. So a hydraulic motor converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. But a pump converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.\r\n\r\n23. Name the construction types of hydraulic motors available.\r\n\r\n(i) Gear type hydraulic motors (ii) Vane type hydraulic motors (iii) Piston type hydraulic motors.\r\n\r\n24. Where are external gear motors used?\r\n\r\nExternal gear motors are used when relatively high speed and low torque is needed.\r\n\r\n25. What is a semi-rotary actuator?\r\n\r\nSemi-rotary actuators convert pressure energy into torque, which turns through only limited angle.\r\n\r\n26. List few applications of semi-rotary actuator?\r\n\r\nThe semi-rotary actuators are used for lifting, tilting, opening, closing, indexing, swinging and bending applications.\r\n\r\n29. How is single acting cylinder retracted?\r\n\r\nThe single acting cylinder is retracted using gravity or by the inclusion of a compression spring at the rod end of single acting cylinder.\r\n\r\n30. What are the advantages of double acting cylinder over a single acting cylinder?\r\n\r\n(i) In a single acting cylinder, the fluid is fed only on one side. Hence the Cylinder can produce work in one direction only. But the fluid moves the Piston in two directions in a double acting cylinder, so they perform work in both directions.\r\n(ii) In a single acting cylinder, the stroke is limited by the compressed length of the spring. But in principle, the stroke is unlimited in a double acting cylinder.\r\n(iii) While the piston moves forward in a single acting cylinder, the fluid has to overcome the pressure of the spring and hence some power is lost before the actual stroke of the piston starts. But this problem is not present in a double acting cylinder.\r\n\r\n31. What is cylinder cushioning?\r\n\r\nDue to the inertia forces of the moving parts at the end of piston travel, the piston will hit the cylinder head at full speed. To overcome this, the designers provide an arrangement by which the hydraulic cylinder can be slowly retarded or cushioned during the last portion of the stroke. This is known as cylinder cushioning.\r\n\r\n32. For what application, a double rod cylinder is best suited?\r\n\r\nThe double rod cylinders are suitable when work has to be performed at either or both ends and operating speed must be equal in both directions.\r\n\r\n33. What is the advantage and disadvantage of tandem cylinder?\r\n\r\nThe tandem cylinder provides increased output force when the bore size of the cylinder is limited. But the length of the cylinder is more than a standard cylinder and also requires a larger flow rate to achieve a speed.\r\n\r\n34. What is a telescoping cylinder? When is it normally used?\r\n\r\nA telescoping cylinder is a cylinder employing several pistons which telescope into each other. This cylinder is used where a relatively long working stroke is needed for a short cylinder length.\r\n\r\n35. Name the types of cylinder mountings.\r\n\r\n(i) Fixed centerline mounts\r\n\r\n \tTie rod end\r\n \tRod end flange\r\n \tBlind end flange\r\n \tCenterline lugs\r\n\r\n(ii) Fixed non-centerline mounts\r\n\r\n \tEnd lug mounts Side\r\n \tlug mounts Integral\r\n \tkey mounts Flush\r\n \tmounts\r\n\r\n(iii) Pivoted centerline mounts\r\n\r\n \tRod end trunnion\r\n \tBlind end trunnion\r\n \tClevis\r\n \tCenter trunnion\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Hydraulic Components | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/centrifugal-pump-vs-positive-displacement-pump-300x136.jpg","height":136,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fluid-power-system-basic-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/hydraulic-circuit-system-300x225.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Fluid Power System Basic | Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fluid-power-system-basic-interview-question-and-answers/">Fluid Power System Basic | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Fluid Power System Basic - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview Question and Answers
Fluid Power System Basic - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview, viva ,oral Question and Answers  1. Define fluid...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fluid-power-system-basic-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Fluid Power System Basic | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Fluid Power System Basic | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/fluid-power-system-basic-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Fluid Power System Basic - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview Question and Answers\r\nFluid Power System Basic - Hydraulic and Pneumatic| Interview, viva ,oral Question and Answers\r\n\r\n1. Define fluid power.\r\n\r\nFluid power technology is a means to convert, transmit, control and apply fluid energy to perform useful work. Fluid power includes hydraulics and pneumatics.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0What is Fluid Power | Advantages , Application\r\n\r\n2. Differentiate oil hydraulics and pneumatics.\r\n\r\n \tOil hydraulics employs pressurized liquid and pneumatics employs compressed air.\r\n \tOil hydraulic systems operate at pressures up to 200 bar or even much higher. Pneumatic systems operate in a pressure range of 5 to 10 bar. \r\n \tOil hydraulic systems are used in high load applications and accurate speed control or positioning is required. Pneumatic systems are used in low or medium load application and high velocities are required.\r\n\r\nRead More :Difference Between Power System | Mechanical , Hydraulic , Electrical , Pneumatic\r\n\r\n3. What is the basic law that is important in applying fluid power?\r\n\r\nPascal law is the basic law used in fluid power. According to Pascal law, the pressure generated at one point in a confined liquid acts equally in all directions.\r\n\r\n4. List five fields of applications of fluid power.\r\n\r\nAgriculture, Aviation, Fabrication industry, Machine tools, Oil industry and Pharmaceuticals.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Application Of Fluid Power | Application of Hydraulic and Pneumatic\r\n\r\n5. Why is hydraulic power especially useful with heavy work?\r\n\r\nHydraulic systems generally operate at high pressures and provide high forces. So they are useful with heavy work.\r\n\r\n6. Where are pneumatic systems preferred?\r\n\r\nPneumatic systems are preferred where low or medium size forces are required and velocities are high. Because of their low cost, they are preferred in industrial automation.\r\n\r\n7. What are the primary functions of hydraulic fluid?\r\n\r\n(i) Transfer fluid power efficiently.\r\n(ii) Lubricate the moving parts.\r\n(iii) Absorb, carry and transfer the heat generated within the system.\r\n\r\nhydraulic circuit system\r\n\r\n8. Name few properties of a hydraulic fluid.\r\n\r\n(i) Viscosity (ii) Viscosity Index (iii) Oxidation stability (iv) Demulsibility (v) Lubricity (vi) Rust prevention (vii) Flash point and fire point (viii) Neutralization Number.\r\n\r\nRead more\u00a0What are the Properties Of Fluid | Learnmech\r\n\r\n9. What are the undesirable results when an oil viscosity is too high?\r\n\r\nWhen the viscosity is too high,\r\n(i) The viscous oil may not be able to pass through the pipes.\r\n(ii) The working temperature will increase because there will be internal friction.\r\n(iii) The consumption of power will increase.\r\n\r\n10. What are the undesirable results when an oil viscosity is too low?\r\n\r\nWhen the viscosity is too low,\r\n(i) The internal and external leakage will increase.\r\n(ii) It cannot lubricate properly and will lead to rapid wear of the moving parts.\r\n\r\n11. What is Viscosity Index and Give is its significance?\r\n\r\nThe rate of change of viscosity with temperature is indicated on an arbitrary scale called Viscosity Index (vi). The lower the viscosity index, the greater the variation in viscosity with changes in temperature and vice versa.\r\n\r\n12. What is demulsibility?\r\n\r\nThe ability of a hydraulic fluid to seperate rapidly from moisture and successfully resist emulsification is known as demulsibility.\r\n\r\n13. Why should a hydraulic fluid have good lubricating ability?\r\n\r\nIf the hydraulic fluid does not have good lubricating ability it will not lubricate moving parts properly, causing wear. Wear results in increased clearance, which leads to all sorts of operational difficulties including fall of efficiency.\r\n\r\n14. What is neutralization number of hydraulic fluid and Give its significance?\r\n\r\nThe neutralization number is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a hydraulic fluid. High acidity causes the oxidation rate in an oil to increase\r\nrapidly.\r\n\r\n15. Define the term pour point and its importance.\r\n\r\nThe temperature at which oil will congeal is referred to as the pour point, i.e. the lowest temperature at which the oil is able to flow easily. It is of importance in cold countries where the system is exposed to very low temperatures. The pour point must be well below the minimum temperature expected in normal condition.\r\n\r\n16. Name three fire resistant fluids.\r\n\r\n(i) Water glycols (ii) Water oil emulsions (iii) Phosphate esters.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nFluid Mechanics - Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nHydraulic and Pneumatic Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Fluid Power System Basic | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/hydraulic-circuit-system-300x225.gif","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-torque-converter-working-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/torque-converter-diagram-300x290.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Torque Converter- Working , Parts, Diagram, Advantages, Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-torque-converter-working-advantages/">Torque Converter- Working , Parts, Diagram, Advantages, Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Torque Converter
A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling which is used to transfer rotating power from the engine of a vehicle to the transmission. It takes place of a mechanical...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-torque-converter-working-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Torque Converter- Working , Parts, Diagram, Advantages, Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Torque Converter- Working , Parts, Diagram, Advantages, Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-torque-converter-working-advantages\/","articleBody":"What is Torque Converter\r\nA\u00a0torque converter\u00a0is a type of fluid coupling which is used to transfer rotating power from the engine of a vehicle to the transmission. It takes place of a mechanical clutch in an automatic transmission. The main function of it is to allow the load to be isolated from the main power source. It sits in between the engine and transmission. It has the same function as the clutch in manual transmission. As the clutch separates the engine from the load when it stops, in the same way it also isolates the engine from the load and keep the engine running when the vehicle stops.\r\n\r\nIts main functions are:\r\n\r\n1. It transfers the power from the engine to the transmission input shaft.\r\n2. It drives the front pump of the transmission.\r\n3. It isolates the engine from the load when the vehicle is stationary.\r\n4. It multiplies the torque of the engine and transmits it to the transmission. It almost doubles the output torque.\r\nTorque Converter Diagram :\u00a0\r\ntorque converter diagram\r\nHow a torque converter differs from a gearbox?\r\nA torque converter is a device that performs a function similar to that of a gearbox, i.e. to increase the torque while reducing the speed. But whereas gearbox provides only a small number of fixed ratios, the torque converter provides a continuous variation of ratio from the lowest to the highest. It provides a maximum gear ratio starting from the rest and gradually decreases that ratio as the vehicle gains speed.\r\nIn torque converter no shifting mechanism is required as torque increases along with the engine speed. No gear train is used as in the gearbox. It does not require frequent maintenance as compared to the gearbox and is compact in design. The efficiency of the torque converter is maximum within a very narrow speed range. It is used along with the epicyclic gear train.\r\nTorque converter diagram, parts, cross-section\r\ntorque converter diagram, parts, cross-section\r\nWorking Principle of Torque Converter :\r\nFor understanding the working principle of the torque converter, let\u2019s take two fans. One fan is connected to the power source and the other is not connected with the power source. When the first fan connected to the power source starts moving, the air from it flows to the second fan which is stationary. The air from the first fan strikes on the blades of the second fan and it also starts rotating almost at the same speed to the first one. When the second fan is stopped, it does not stop the first one. The first fan keeps rotating.\r\n\r\nOn the same principle the torque converter works. In that the impeller or pump acts as the first fan which is connected to the engine and turbine act as the second fan which is connected to the transmission system. When the engine runs, it rotates the impeller and due to the centrifugal force the oil inside the torque converter assembly directed towards the turbine. As it hits the turbine blades, the turbine starts rotating. This makes the transmission system rotate and the wheels of the vehicle moves. When the engine stops, the turbine also stops rotating but the impeller connected the engine keeps moving and this prevents the killing of the engine.\r\nMain Parts of Torque Converter :\u00a0\r\nThe torque converter has three main parts\r\n\r\n1. Impeller or Pump\r\n\r\nThe impeller is connected to the housing and the housing connected to the engine shaft. It has curved and angled vanes. It rotates with the engine speed and consists of automatic transmission fluid. When it rotates with the engine, the centrifugal force makes the fluid move outward. The blades of the impeller are designed in such a way that it directs the fluid towards the turbine blades. It acts as a centrifugal pump which sucks the fluid from the automatic transmission and delivers it to the turbine.\r\n2. Stator\r\nThe stator is located in between the impeller and turbine. The main function of the stator is to give direction to the returning fluid from the turbine, so that the fluid enters to the impeller in the direction of its rotation. As the fluid enters in the direction of the impeller, it multiplies the torque. So the stator helps in the torque multiplication by changing the direction of the fluid and allows it to enter in the direction of the impeller rotation. The stator changes the direction of fluid almost up to 90 degrees. The stator is mounted with a one-way clutch that allows rotating it in one direction and preventing its rotation in other directions. The turbine is connected to the transmission system of the vehicle. And the stator is placed in between the impeller and turbine.\r\n3. Turbine\r\nThe turbine\u00a0is connected to the input shaft of the automatic transmission. It is present at the engine side. It also consists of curved and angled blades. The blades of the turbine are designed in such a way that it can change the direction of the fluid completely that strikes on its blades. It is the change in the direction of the fluid that forces the blades to move in the direction of the impeller. As the turbine rotates the input shaft of the transmission also rotates and made the vehicle to move. The turbine is also has a lock-up clutch at its back. The lock-up clutch comes into play when the torque converter achieves the coupling point. the lockup eliminates the loses and improves the efficiency of the converter.\r\nWorking of Torque Converter\r\nIt has three stages of operations\r\n\r\n1. Stall:\u00a0During the stall (stop) condition of the vehicle, the engine is applying power to the impeller but the turbine cannot rotate. This happens, when the vehicle is stationary and the driver has kept his foot on the brake paddle to prevent it from moving. During this condition maximum multiplication of torque takes place. As the driver removes its foot from the brake paddle and presses the accelerator paddle, the impeller starts moving faster and this sets the turbine to move. At this situation, there is a larger difference between the pump and turbine speed. The impeller speed is much greater than the turbine speed.\r\n\r\n2. Acceleration:\u00a0During acceleration, the turbine speed keeps on increasing, but still there is a large difference between the impeller and turbine speed. As the speed of the turbine increases the torque multiplication reduces. During acceleration of the vehicle the torque multiplication is less than that is achieved during a stall condition.\r\n\r\n3. Coupling:\u00a0It is a situation when the turbine achieved approximately 90 percent speed of the impeller and this point is called the coupling point. The torque multiplication seizes and becomes zero and the torque converter behaves just like a simple fluid coupling. At the coupling point the lock-up clutch comes into play and locks the turbine to the impeller of the converter. This puts the turbine and impeller to move with the same speed. \u00a0A lock-up clutch engages only when the coupling point is achieved. During coupling the stator also starts to rotate in the direction of the impeller and turbine rotation.\r\nDifference Between Torque Converter and Fluid Coupling\u00a0\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr . no.Torque converterFluid coupling\n\n\n\n\n\t1.The main components are the pump, stator, and turbine.The main components are impeller and runner.\n\n\n\t2.It is a torque multiplication unit.It is simply a means to connect driving and driven members.\n\n\n\t3.The turbine blades are inclined to have pitch.Blades are merely fins.\n\n\n\t4.It acts as an automatic clutch and serves the purpose of an automatic gearbox to increase torque.It serves the purpose of an automatic clutch.\n\n\n\t5.It is not as efficient as fluid coupling at highway speeds but is slightly more efficient under load.It is efficient at highway speeds.\n\n\n\t6.It is usually used in conjunction with automatic clutch (mostly fluid flywheel) to eliminate the slight loss of efficiency at highway speeds.It is not assisted by a friction clutch.\n\n\n\t7.It never locks up and the flow of oil never stops but continues.Impeller and runner are locked up and movement of oil stops during engagement when centrifugal force is approximately the same on both members.\n\n\n\n\r\nAdvantages of Torque Converter :\u00a0\r\nAdvantages of torque converter over a manual transmission system\r\n\r\n \tTorque converter varies gear ratio in the range of 3:1 to 1:1 in infinite no. of stages which gives uniform acceleration\r\n \tIt produces the maximum torque as compared with the vehicle equipped with a clutch.\r\n \tIt removes the clutch pedal.\r\n \tIt makes the job of driving a vehicle easier.\r\n \tIt allows starting &amp; stopping the vehicle without any difficulty\r\n \tIt provides driving comfort to drivers by avoiding manual interference of gear changing.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Torque Converter :\u00a0\r\n1. Efficiency of torque convertor is high only within narrow limits of sped\r\n2. There is chances of cavitation\r\nApplication of Torque Converter :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThe torque converter is used in the vehicle that is equipped with the automatic transmission. It is also used in industrial power transmission such as conveyor drives, winches, drilling rigs, almost all modern forklifts, construction equipment, and railway locomotives.\r\n \tIt is used in marine propulsion systems.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead also:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tFluid Coupling - Working, Diagram, parts, Advantages\r\n \tWhat is Fluid Flywheel | Diagram, Advantages and Disadvantages\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nAutomobile Trends , News articles , Notes\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Torque Converter- Working , Parts, Diagram, Advantages, Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 12, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/torque-converter-diagram-300x290.jpg","height":290,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=47">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=46"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>46</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=47"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>47</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>48</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=49"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>49</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=50"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>50</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=49">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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