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ENGINE EMISSION 
Emission control is a term frequently used in day-to-day life among automobile and other manufacturing industries throughout the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-car-emissions-car-emission-pollutants/" aria-label="View Post: What is Car Emissions &#8211; Car Emission Pollutants">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Car Emissions &#8211; Car Emission Pollutants","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-car-emissions-car-emission-pollutants\/","articleBody":"What is Car Emissions - Car Emission Pollutants\r\nENGINE EMISSION\u00a0\r\nEmission control is a term frequently used in day-to-day life among automobile and other manufacturing industries throughout the world. The awareness among the public about climate change and greenhouse effect due to environmental pollution, over the last century has made the government and industrial corporate throughout the world, highly conscious about the control of emissions from their products.\r\n\r\nPresently, automobile engine emissions are one of the main elements which play a major role in environmental pollution. Day-by-day the number of vehicles increases which leads to increase the emission of pollutants from vehicles.\r\n\r\nI.C. engines convert heat energy into mechanical energy by burning fuel in its combustion chamber called cylinder. Mostly, petrol and diesel oil are used as fuels for I.C. engines. These fuels contain hydrogen and carbon in various combinations. During combustion, oxygen combines with hydrogen and carbon to form water (H20), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (C02). The fuel of the nitrogen in air combines with oxygen forming nitrogen oxide (N02). Remaining fuel goes unburnt by resulting smoke and ash. Mainly incomplete combustion offuels in automobile emits polluted engine exhaust. Exhaust gas constituents consist of partly burnt petrol, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and if sulphur in petrol and sulphur oxides pollute the air. The oxides of nitrogen together with hydrocarbons react in the presence of sunlight and they form petrochemical smog. As a result, smog is created, the atmosphere becomes dirty and breathing becomes difficult. Its bad effect includes crop damage, eye irritation, objectionable odour, decrease of visibility, cracking in rubber etc.\r\n\r\nSmog is a kind of fog mixed with other substances. The smog covers the cities like a blanket for days together during winter. The heat generated in large cities tends to circulate air within a dome-like shape. Smog with smoke is the most visible evidence of air pollution.\r\nSome of the atmospheric pollutants are not visible until mixed with moisture. Unburnt petrol, carbon monoxide, leaded compounds from leaded petrol and other gases which pollute the air may not be seen. All these pollutants are deadly harmful for men, animals and food crops.\r\n\r\ncar emission\r\nAutomobile Engine Pollutants\r\nPollutants are produced by the incomplete combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber of the automobile engines. The following pollutants are emitted from the exhaust of the automobile engine.\r\n\r\n1) Carbon monoxide (CO):\r\nCO is mostly produced under rich air fuel mixture due to the lack of sufficient oxygen for the combustion of the fuel. CO has more affinity than oxygen for hemoglobin in our blood. It reduces the ability of hemoglobin to carry O2 to body tissues. Hence, it will affect the nervous system and vision if the percentage of CO is more. Finally, it affects heart.\r\n\r\n2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2):\r\nDuring complete combustion, the hydrocarbons in the fuel are converted into carbon dioxide which is 13.7% of exhaust gas. The amount of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is directly proportional to the fuel consumption.\r\n\r\n3) Oxides of nitrogen (NOx):\r\nNOx is produced from secondary reactions which occur in all combustion processes where air containing nitrogen is burned. In high temperatures, nitrogen reacts with oxygen and produces nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (N02)' They affect living organisms. They affect the blood purification system. It may be mixed with moisture. It may also produce dilute nitric acid in the heart and affect the heart.\r\n\r\n4) Hydrocarbons:\r\nHydrocarbon (HC) emissions are also the result of inadequate amount of oxygen being present to support the complete combustion of the air fuel mixture. Hydrocarbon produces smog. It affects the vision of human being. Smog is the mixture of fog and smoke.\r\n\r\n5) Water:\r\nThe chemical reaction which occurs between hydro carbons based on fuel and air from the atmosphere causes water to be produced as one of the products. Water constitutes 13.1% of exhaust gas from an IC engine.\r\n\r\n6) Photo chemical smog:\r\nSome hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen in exhaust react with atmospherics in the presence of sunlight and produce photo chemical smog. It damages the plant's life. It reduces the visibility. It produces eye irritation and affects the respiratory system of human beings.\r\n\r\n7) Smoke:\r\nSmoke is produced because of insufficient mixing of fuel and air. It contains CO and CO2. When cold starting, blue white smoke is produced when more carbon particles are mixed with exhaust. Smog is produced by smoke. It causes irritation of eyes, coughing, headache and vomiting.\r\n\r\n8) Lead:\r\nLead is poisonous. It is a toxic air pollutant. It is produced from the combustion of gasoline. It affects liver and kidneys. It causes mental effects to children.\r\n\r\n9) Particulate:\r\nParticulates are minute separate particles found in the air. They may be solid or liquid particles. The dust soot and fly ash are included in it. It causes respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and lung cancer and allergic diseases.\r\n\r\n10) Sulphur oxide:\r\nSulphur oxide is produced if the fuel has sulphur. It may damage the plants. It causes irritation to eye and throat and it gives respiratory troubles to children. It corrodes materials.","headline":"What is Car Emissions &#8211; Car Emission Pollutants","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/car-emission-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electronic-ignition-system-diagram-construction-and-working/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/difference-between-contact-point-and-electronic-ignition-system-300x231.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Electronic Ignition System | Diagram , Construction and Working</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electronic-ignition-system-diagram-construction-and-working/">Electronic Ignition System | Diagram , Construction and Working</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Electronic Ignition System
Difference Between Conventional and Magneto Ignition System  There are some drawbacks in the magneto ignition system. Firstly, the contact breaker points will wear out...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electronic-ignition-system-diagram-construction-and-working/" aria-label="View Post: Electronic Ignition System | Diagram , Construction and Working">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Electronic Ignition System | Diagram , Construction and Working","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electronic-ignition-system-diagram-construction-and-working\/","articleBody":"Electronic Ignition System\r\nDifference Between Conventional and Magneto Ignition System \r\n\r\nThere are some drawbacks in the magneto ignition system. Firstly, the contact breaker points will wear out or burn when it is operated with heavy current. Secondly, the contact breaker is only a mechanical device that cannot operate precisely at high speed due to the dwell period which is not sufficient for building up the magnetic. field to its full value at that particular speed. The conventional contact breaker can give satisfactory performance only about 400 sparks per second which limits the engine speed. At low speeds, relatively high current is drawn from the battery due to the contacts remaining closed for a longer time. Thus, the system becomes inefficient at low speeds.\r\n\r\nThe disadvantages of the convention contact breaker assisted ignition system can be completely eliminated by the use of an electronic controlled ignition system using contactless triggers to give timing system.\r\n\r\nThe basic difference between contact point' and electronic ignition systems is in the primary circuit. In the contact breaker system, the primary circuit is opened and closed by the electronic control unit shown in Figure 2.35. The secondary circuits are practically similar to previous systems.\r\n\r\n difference between the contact point and electronic ignition system\r\n\r\nIn the secondary circuit, the distributor, ignition coil, and wiring are altered to handle the higher voltage that the electronic ignition system produces. The high voltage (about 47,OOO volts ) has the advantage that the spark plugs with wider gaps can be used. It results a\u00a0 longer spark that can ignite lean air-fuel mixture. As a result, engines can run on lean mixture for better fuel economy.\r\nDifference between Conventional Ignition System and Electronic Ignition System\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr. No.Conventional ignition systemElectronic ignition system\n\n\n\n\n\t1.Spark timing is not depends upon speedProper spark timing is achieved throughout the speed range\n\n\n\t2.Moderate energy output from the ignition coil is obtained.High energy output from the ignition\ncoil is obtained.\n\n\n\t3.Noise occurs during high speedIt gives noiseless operation at high speed;\n\n\n\t4.Some carbon deposition occurs on Spark plug electrode .Spark plug electrode remains clean off carbon deposits &amp; ash deposits.\n\n\n\t5.More Emissions occursReduction in emission.\n\n\n\t6.Less output powerIncreased output power\n\n\n\n\r\nConstruction of Electronic Ignition System:\r\nA schematic diagram of an electronic ignition system is shown in Figure 2.36. It consists of a battery, ignition switch, electronic control unit, magnetic pick-up, reluctor or armature, ignition coil, distributor, and spark plugs. The construction of the battery, ignition switch. ignition coil, distributor, and spark plug is similar to previous methods. In this system, a magnetic pickup is used instead of contact breaks points in a conventional system. Also a cam is replaced by a reluctor or armature.\r\nThe magnetic pick-up is shown in Figure 2.37. It consists of a sensor coil through which the magnetic flux is generated by a permanent magnet. A star-shaped rotor called reluctor or armature is mounted on the distributor shaft which modulates the flux density in the coil and induced voltage in the coil due to the consequent changes in the flux. This voltage serves as a trigger signal for the high voltage generator circuit. Since there is one spark plug per cylinder, the number of teeth of the armature is equal to the number of engine cylinders.\r\n\r\n electronic ignition system\r\nWorking of Electronic Ignition System :\r\nWhen the ignition switch is closed (i.e. the switch is 'ON' .), the reluctor rotates which makes the teeth of the reluctor cone closer to the permanent magnet. It reduces the air gap between reluctor tooth and sensor coil. Thus, the reluctor provides a path for the magnetic lines from the magnet. The magnetic field is passed on to the pick up every time when the reluctor teeth pass the pickup coil in which an electric pulse is generated. This small current then triggers the electronic control unit which stops the flow of battery current to the ignition coil. The magnetic field in the primary winding collapses and the high voltage is generated: in the secondary winding. It led to spark in a spark plug via a distributor. Meanwhile, the reluctor , teeth pass past the pickup coil. Therefore, the pulse unit is ended. It causes the electronic control unit to close the primary circuit.\r\nHow the primary circuit is triggered in the electronic ignitions system.\r\nThe triggering may be done by\r\n\r\n \tInductive pickup,\r\n \thall effect or\r\n \tOptical method.\r\n\r\nOne method of triggering is described for illustration.\u00a0\r\n\r\nWhen a moving metallic shutter diverts the magnetic field from reaching the Hall sensor, the Hallsensor produces a voltage signal. When the shutter blade moves and allows the magnetic field to reach the Hall sensor, the Hall-sensor does not generate voltage signal. After leaving the Hall layer, the signal is routed to an amplifier where it is conditioned, the signal is sent to the ECU (Primary circuit switching unit).\r\nThe electronic control units can be designed to either turn on or turn off the ignition coil primary current when the shutter blades are blocking.\r\n\r\n primary circuit actuation of electronic ignition system\r\n\r\nAs the central shaft of the distributor rotates, the chopper plate attached under the rotor arm alternately covers and uncovers the Hall chip. The number of vanes corresponds with the number of cylinders. In constant dwell systems the dwell is determined by the width of the vanes. The vanes cause the Hall chip to be alternately in and out of a magnetic field. The result of this is that the device will produce almost a square wave output, which can then easily be used to switch further electronic circuits.\r\n\r\nThe three terminals on the distributor are marked \u201e_ 0 _\u201f; the terminals _ and _ are for a voltage supply and terminal \u201e0\u201f is the output signal. Typically the output from a Hall effect sensor will switch between 0 V and about 8V. The supply voltage is taken from the ignition ECU and on some systems is stabilized at about 10 V to prevent changes to the output of the sensor when the engine is being cranked.\r\nHow electronic ignition system improves the performance of the engine ? Justify.\r\nElectronic ignition system improves the performance of the engine:\r\n\r\n \tIt provides sufficiently strong spark between the electrodes of the plugs at correct timing.\r\n \tIt works efficiently over the entire range of engine speed.\r\n \tIt is light, effective and reliable in service\r\n \tIt is compact and easy to maintain.\r\n \tIt is capable to advance or retard ignition timing as per engine load and speed. Effective to trigger the primary circuit at appropriate time.\r\n \tMoving parts are absent-so no maintenance.\r\n \tContact breaker points are absent-so no arcing.\r\n \tSpark plug life increases by 50% and they can be used for about 60000 km without any problem.\r\n \tBetter combustion in combustion chamber, about 90-95% of air-fuel mixture is burnt compared with 70-75% with conventional ignition system.\r\n \tWith above benefits of electronic ignition system improves power output and performance of the engine.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Electronic Ignition System:\r\n1. The parts such as reluctor, magnetic pickup, and electronic control module are not subjected to wear as in case of a mechanical contact breaker.\r\n2. Periodic adjustment of engine timing is not necessary.\r\n3. It gives very accurate control of timing.\r\nApplication of Electronic Ignition System\u00a0 :\r\n\r\n \tElectronic ignition system is used in modern and hypercars like Audi A4, Mahindra XUV-500, etc.and bikes like kTM duke 390cc,Ducati super sports etc. to meet the high reliability and performance need .\r\n \tIt is also used in aircrafts engine due to its better reliability and less maintenance","headline":"Electronic Ignition System | Diagram , Construction and Working","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 13, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/difference-between-contact-point-and-electronic-ignition-system-300x231.jpg","height":231,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/construction-and-working-diagram-of-simple-carburetor/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/simple-carburetor-diagram-300x274.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/construction-and-working-diagram-of-simple-carburetor/">Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor
CARBURETORS
Carburetor is a device used for atomizing and vapourizing the fuel and mixing it with the air in varying proportions to suit for...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/construction-and-working-diagram-of-simple-carburetor/" aria-label="View Post: Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/construction-and-working-diagram-of-simple-carburetor\/","articleBody":"Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor\r\nCARBURETORS\r\nCarburetor is a device used for atomizing and vapourizing the fuel and mixing it with the air in varying proportions to suit for changing the operating conditions of engines. The process of breaking up and mixing the fuel with the air is called carburetion. The term vapourization and atomization should be understood clearly. Vaporization is a change of state of the fuel from liquid to vapour whereas atomization is a mechanical breaking-up of the liquid into small particles so that every minute particle of the fuel is surrounded by the air.\r\nThe carburetor is supposed to supply the fuel air mixture in correct proportion under different conditions of temperature, speed and load on engine. Relatively rich mixture of air fuel ratio of 12:1 is required by the engine while accelerating or running at high speeds. A leaner mixture of air-fuel ratio of 16:1 is sufficient while running on levelled roads. For idling, a richer mixture of about 14:I is needed. Similarly, an extremely rich mixture having a ratio of 9:1 is required during cold starting.\r\nRead More :\r\n\r\n \tTypes Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor\r\n \tCarburettor -Diagram , working , parts ,types\r\n \tConstruction And Working Diagram Of Simple Carburettor Used In Petrol Engine\r\n\r\nSimple Carburetor\r\nThe main components of a simple carburetor are float chamber, float, nozzle, venturi, throttle valve, inlet valve and metering jet. In the float chamber, a constant level of petrol is maintained by the float and a needle valve. The float chamber is ventilated to atmosphere. It is used to maintain the atmospheric pressure inside the chamber, The float which is normally a metallic hollow cylinder rises and closes the inlet valve as the fuel level in the float chamber increases.to a certain level.\r\nThe mixing chamber contains venturi, nozzle and throttle valve. The venturi tube is fitted with the inlet manifold. This tube has a narrow opening called venturi. A nozzle is provided just below the centre of this venturi. The nozzle keeps the same level of petrol as the level in the float chamber. The mixing chamber has two butterfly valves. One is to allow air into the mixing chamber known as choke valve. The other one b to allow air-fuel mixture to the engine known as throttle valve.\r\n\r\nSimple Carburetor Diagram :\r\nsimple carburetor diagram\r\nWorking:\r\nDuring suction stroke, vacuum is created inside the cylinder. It causes the pressure difference between cylinder and outside the carburetor. Due to this, the atmospheric air enters the carburetor. The air flows through venturi. The venturi increases the velocity of air and reduces the pressure. It produces the partial vacuum at the tip of the nozzle. Because of this vacuum, the fuel comes out from the nozzle in the form of fine spray. These fine fuel particles mix with the incoming air to form air-fuel mixture. Thus, it gives a homogeneous mixture of air-fuel to the engine.","headline":"Construction and Working , Diagram Of Simple Carburetor","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/simple-carburetor-diagram-300x274.jpg","height":274,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-carburetor-functions-of-carburetor/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/carburetor-246x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-carburetor-functions-of-carburetor/">Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor
What is Carburetor
Carburetor is a device used for atomizing and vapourizing the fuel and mixing it with the air in varying proportions to suit for...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-carburetor-functions-of-carburetor/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-carburetor-functions-of-carburetor\/","articleBody":"Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor\r\nWhat is Carburetor\r\nCarburetor is a device used for atomizing and vapourizing the fuel and mixing it with the air in varying proportions to suit for changing the operating conditions of engines. The process of breaking up and mixing the fuel with the air is called carburetion. The term vapourization and atomization should be understood clearly. Vaporization is a change of state of the fuel from liquid to vapour whereas atomization is a mechanical breaking-up of the liquid into small particles so that every minute particle of the fuel is surrounded by the air.\r\nThe carburetor is supposed to supply the fuel air mixture in correct proportion under different conditions of temperature, speed and load on engine. Relatively rich mixture of air fuel ratio of 12:1 is required by the engine while accelerating or running at high speeds. A leaner mixture of air-fuel ratio of 16:1 is sufficient while running on levelled roads. For idling, a richer mixture of about 14:I is needed. Similarly, an extremely rich mixture having a ratio of 9:1 is required during cold starting.\r\n\r\nRead More : Carburettor \u2013 Diagram , working , parts ,types\r\nFunctions of Carburetor\r\n1. It prepares a mixture of petrol and air in correct proportions.\r\n2. It maintains a small reserve of petrol in the float chamber at constant head.\r\n3. It atomizes and vapourizes the fuel.\r\n4. It supplies a fine spray of petrol.\r\n5. It produces a homogeneous mixture.\r\n6. It measures and supplies the proper quantity and proportions of air and fuel under all conditions of engine operations such as temperature, speed and load.\r\n\r\ncarburetor\r\nTYPES OF CARBURETOR\r\nThe carburetors can be classified according to the following considerations.\r\n\r\n1. According to the direction of flow.\r\na. Uplift carburetors or updraft carburetor\r\nb. Down draft carburetor\r\nc. Horizontal carburetor.\r\n\r\n2. According to the arrangement of the float chamber\r\na. Eccentric carburetor\r\nb. Concentric carburetor.\r\n\r\n3. According to the number of units\r\na. Single carburetor\r\nb. Double carburetor.\r\n\r\n4. According to the metering system\r\na. Air bled jet carburetor\r\nb. Metering pin type carburetor.\r\n\r\n5. According to the type of venturi\r\na. Plain venturi carburetor\r\nb. Double venturi carburetor\r\nc. Vane venturi carburetor\r\nd. Nozzle bar venturi carburetor\r\ne. Triple venturi carburetor.\r\n\r\n6. According to the type of power system\r\na. Manually operated carburetor\r\nb. Vacuum controlled carburetor.","headline":"Types Of Carburetor | Functions of Carburetor","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/carburetor-246x300.jpg","height":300,"width":246},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-vvt-variable-valve-timing-vvt-diagram/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/variable-valve-timing-for-four-cylinder-engine-diagram-290x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-vvt-variable-valve-timing-vvt-diagram/">What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram
VARIABLE VALVE TIMING (VVT)
Fixed valve timing has been a standard feature of all engines until relatively recent times. The valves opened and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-vvt-variable-valve-timing-vvt-diagram/" aria-label="View Post: What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-vvt-variable-valve-timing-vvt-diagram\/","articleBody":"What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram\r\nVARIABLE VALVE TIMING (VVT)\r\nFixed valve timing has been a standard feature of all engines until relatively recent times. The valves opened and closed at a fixed period in relation to crankshaft rotation at all engine speeds and loads. When the inlet and exhaust valve timing is fixed, the timing is not suitable for all engine operating speeds and loads. So, there is increase in use of mechanisms to provide variable valve timing (VVT). The variable valve timing systems alter the valve timing to suit engine speed and load conditions. Although systems are purely mechanical-based systems, most modern systems make use of the electronic engine management system to regulate the mechanical actuation of changes to the valve timing.\r\n\r\nA petrol engine has to operate at varying engine speeds from idle, typically 750 rpm through to high speeds up to 7000 rpm and above. So, the engine will have valve timing more suitable for one particular engine speed which is generally at around 50% to 60% of the engine's maximum speed. Therefore, the variable valve timing results the increased combustion efficiency at the selected engine speed.\r\n\r\nvariable valve timing for four cylinder engine diagram\r\n\r\nVariable valve timing optimises the overlap period during engine operation. It allows different overlap periods to be used at different engine speeds. Practically, VVT systems are used to enable good power or torque to be achieved over the whole engine speed range but the added benefit of valve overlap is to facilitate the mixing of some exhaust gas with the fresh charge of air. Therefore, the combustion temperature and NOx emission are reduced.\r\n\r\n(i) Slow engine speeds:\r\nAt slow engine speeds, if the inlet valve timing is altered so that it is retarded or opened late, all of the exhaust gas will be expelled through the exhaust valve and the cylinder will fill with fresh uncontaminated mixture. So, a fresh mixture will provide a good bum of the gas during next power stroke. Therefore, the engine is stable when it is at idle.\r\n\r\n(ii) High engine speeds:\r\nAt high speed, if the inlet valve timing is advanced, the fresh mixture can be drawn into the cylinder by the depression caused by the flow of exhaust gas through the exhaust valve. The flow of exhaust gas will improve the gas flow. through the cylinder at higher engine speeds.\r\n\r\n(iii) Valve opening period:\r\nThe valve opening period is dictated by the profile of the cam lobe which is constant with conventional valve operating gear. When the engine is at low to medium speeds, the valve opening period allows sufficient fresh mixture into the cylinder to provide good engine performance. At higher engine speeds, the volumetric efficiency of an engine will increase if the opening period of the valve is increased. It is possible to increase the valve opening period by increasing the valve lift. Increasing the valve lift at high engine speeds provides an increase in the volume of fresh mixture drawn into the cylinder. So, it results an increase in engine power.\r\nAdvantages of Variable Valve Timing\r\n1. It allows to recirculate internal exhaust gas.\r\n2. Increased torque can be obtained.\r\n3. It ensures better fuel economy.\r\n4. It reduces nitrogen oxide.\r\n5. Hydrocarbon emissions can be controlled.","headline":"What is VVT | Variable Valve Timing ( VVT ) Diagram","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-04-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/variable-valve-timing-for-four-cylinder-engine-diagram-290x300.jpg","height":300,"width":290},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/theoretical-and-actual-valve-timing-diagram-for-four-stroke-si-engine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/theoretical-and-actual-valave-timing-diagram-for-four-stroke-si-engine-210x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Theoretical and Actual valve timing diagram For Four Stroke SI Engine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/theoretical-and-actual-valve-timing-diagram-for-four-stroke-si-engine/">Theoretical and Actual valve timing diagram For Four Stroke SI Engine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Theoretical and Actual valve timing diagram For Four Stroke SI Engine
Theoretical valve timing diagram:
The exact moment at which each of the valves opens and closes with reference to the position...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/theoretical-and-actual-valve-timing-diagram-for-four-stroke-si-engine/" aria-label="View Post: Theoretical and Actual valve timing diagram For Four Stroke SI Engine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Theoretical and Actual valve timing diagram For Four Stroke SI Engine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/theoretical-and-actual-valve-timing-diagram-for-four-stroke-si-engine\/","articleBody":"Theoretical and Actual valve timing diagram For Four Stroke SI Engine\r\nTheoretical valve timing diagram:\r\nThe exact moment at which each of the valves opens and closes with reference to the position of piston and crank can be shown graphically in a diagram. This diagram is known as \"valve timing diagram\".\r\nIn theoretical valve timing diagram, inlet and exhaust valves open and close at both dead centers. Similarly, all processes are sharply completed at TDC or BOC. Figure 1.72 shows theoretical valve timing diagram for four stroke SI engines.\r\n\r\nIS =&gt; Ignition Start\r\nEVO =&gt; Exhaust Valve Open\r\nEVC =&gt; Exhaust Valve Close\r\nTDC =&gt; Top Dead Center\r\nBOC =&gt; Bottom Dead Center.\r\n\r\ntheoretical and actual valve timing diagram for four stroke si engine\r\nActual valve timing diagram:\r\nFigure 1.73 shows actual valve timing diagram for four stroke SI engine. The inlet valve opens 10-30\u00b0 before TOC. The air-fuel mixture is sucked into the cylinder till the inlet valve closes. The inlet valve closes 30-40\u00b0' or 'even 60\u00b0 after BOC. The charge is compressed till the spark occurs. The spark is produced 20-40\u00b0 before TDC. It gives sufficient time for the fuel to burn. Both pressure and temperature increase. The burnt gases are expanded till the exhaust valve opens.\r\n\r\nThe exhaust valve opens 30-60\u00b0 before BOC. The exhaust gases are forced out from the cylinder till the exhaust valve closes. The exhaust valve closes 8-20\u00b0 after TOC. Before closing, the inlet valve again opens 10-30\u00b0 before TOC. If the piston is positioned between fourth stroke (exhaust) and the first stroke (intake) at TOC, both valves open. The period between NO and EVC is known as valve overlap period. The angle of valve overlap is the sum of the angle of opening the intake valve before TOC and closing of the exhaust valve after TOC. 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