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Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Flash Butt Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application
This is similar to butt welding except that the parts to be welded are joined together under light pressure and a heavy current passed...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/flash-butt-welding-advantages-disadvantages-application/" aria-label="View Post: Flash Butt Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Flash Butt Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/flash-butt-welding-advantages-disadvantages-application\/","articleBody":"Flash Butt Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application\r\nThis is similar to butt welding except that the parts to be welded are joined together under light pressure and a heavy current passed through the joint. Due to poor contact at the joint arcing takes place. When sufficient heat has been produced the two parts are suddenly pressed together and the current is simultaneously stopped. A thin film is produced around the joint which is subsequently removed to give a weld of this type. It is used for welding chains, rail ends, shaft axles etc.\r\n\r\nRead more ;\r\n\r\n \tWhat is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application\r\n \tWhat is Projection Welding | Advantages , Application\r\n \tSeam Welding- Diagram, Working ,Advantages and Disadvantages\r\n\r\nflash butt welding\r\n\r\nNote: Resistance welding can be applied to iron and steel, brass, copper, aluminium and certain other metals with eminently satisfactory results.\r\nAdvantages of Flash Butt Welding:\r\n(i) It is a faster process.\r\n\r\n(ii) Preparation of weld surface is not required.\r\n\r\n(iii) Power requirement is less.\r\n\r\n(iv) Many dissimilar metals with different melting temperatures can be flash welded.\r\n\r\n(v) The process is cheap.\r\n\r\n(vi) It offers strength factor upto 100%.\r\nDisadvantages of Flash Butt Welding:\r\n(i) More chances of fire hazards.\r\n\r\n(ii) Metal is lost during flashing and upsetting.\r\n\r\n(iii) Concentricity and straightness of the work pieces during welding process is often difficult to maintain.\r\nApplications of Flash Butt Welding:\r\n(i) It is used for welding metal sheets, bars, rods fittings etc.\r\n\r\n(ii) Flash welding finds applications in automotive and air craft products.\r\n\r\n(iii) It is also employed in household appliances, refrigerators and farm implements.","headline":"Flash Butt Welding | Advantages , Disadvantages , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-31","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/flash-butt-welding-300x136.jpg","height":136,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-projection-welding-advantages-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/projection-welding-300x230.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Projection Welding | Advantages , Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-projection-welding-advantages-application/">What is Projection Welding | Advantages , Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Projection Welding | Advantages Of Projection Welding | Projection welding Application |  Disadvantages Of Projection Welding 
What is Projection Welding:
It is infact a modified form of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-projection-welding-advantages-application/" aria-label="View Post: What is Projection Welding | Advantages , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Projection Welding | Advantages , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-projection-welding-advantages-application\/","articleBody":"What is Projection Welding | Advantages Of Projection Welding | Projection welding Application |\u00a0 Disadvantages Of Projection Welding\u00a0\r\nWhat is Projection Welding:\r\nIt is infact a modified form of the spot welding. One of the pieces to be welded this way has projections produced by pressure. The electrodes are flat. The electrodes are placed on work piece and current passed between them. Heat is produced at the contacts and work piece gets welded at these points.\r\n\r\nIt is easy to weld certain parts which cannot be welded by spot welding. When two plates to be welded are of different cross-section then in order to obtain desirable strength it is necessary to have the projections on the thicker plate.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0What is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application\r\n\r\n projection welding\r\nAdvantages of Projection Welding:\r\n(i) More than one spot can be weld at a given time.\r\n\r\n(ii) Proper heat balance can be obtained easily.\r\n\r\n(iii) The welds may be placed closer than spot welding.\r\n\r\n(iv) Electrode life is much longer than the life of electrode in spot welding.\r\n\r\n(v) Appearance and uniformity of the weld is better than spot welding.\r\n\r\n(vi) With the projection welding, it is easy to weld certain parts which cannot be welded by spot welding.\r\nDisadvantages of Projection Welding:\r\n1. Metals, which cannot support projection, cannot be welded satisfactory.\r\n\r\n2. To make projection is an extra operation.\r\n\r\n3. The initial cost of the equipment required for projection welding is high as press type machines are required for this type of welding.\r\nApplications of Projection Welding:\r\n(i) It is usually employed on punched where the projection automatically exists.\r\n\r\n(ii) Small fasteners, nuts etc. can be welded to larger components.\r\n\r\n(iii) Projection welding is used for welding of refrigerator condensers, crossed-wire welding grills etc.\r\n\r\n(iv)\u00a0Welding of stainless steel parts.","headline":"What is Projection Welding | Advantages , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-31","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/projection-welding-300x230.jpg","height":230,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-spot-welding-advantages-application/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/principle-of-spot-welding-300x125.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-spot-welding-advantages-application/">What is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Spot Welding | SPOT welding machine | Spot Welding Advantages and Disadvantages |  Spot Welding parameter 
What is Spot Welding:
It is used for joining two or more sheets of metal. The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-spot-welding-advantages-application/" aria-label="View Post: What is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-spot-welding-advantages-application\/","articleBody":"What is Spot Welding | SPOT welding machine | Spot Welding Advantages and Disadvantages |\u00a0 Spot Welding parameter\u00a0\r\nWhat is Spot Welding:\r\nIt is used for joining two or more sheets of metal. The sheets to be welded are held overlapping between the two electrodes, one moveable and the other fixed. Heavy current is passed through the electrodes. Pressure is applied from the top electrode by moving it downward.\r\n\r\nThe fusion of material takes place at the spot. The sheet is then moved to have another spot weld at the desired place. The time period for each weld may be 1\/100th of a second or more. The current may be of the order of 5000 amperes or more. The voltage between electrodes about 2 volts. The open circuit voltage is less than 12 volts.\r\n\r\nprinciple of spot welding\r\n\r\nFig. 4.4 shows how spot welding is done. Rods, wires and small pieces can also be welded by this method. For the sheets the time required is about 1\/50sec. for each 0.25 mm of total thickness of the two sheets to be welded.\r\nSpot Welding Machine:\r\nA spot welding machine is shown in Fig. 4.5 AC supply is given to the primary of the welding transformer through the timer which controls the time for which the current flows. The primary has got tappings and a particular tapping is selected by the selector switch S depending upon the current required for welding.\r\n\r\nFor maximum welding current the selector switch should be kept in position No. 1. The secondary is connected to the two electrodes made of copper or bronze and they are cooled by water. When pressure is not applied on the foot pedal, the electrodes are kept apart by the spring.\r\n\r\nspot welding machine\r\n\r\nThe sheets to be welded are placed over-lapping each other between the two electrodes and pressure is applied by pressing the foot pedal. The spot weld is made between the sheets. Thickness and composition of the plates determine the duration and magnitude of the current. It varies from 1000 to 10,000 amperes and may flow for a fraction of a second to some seconds. Spot welding is mostly employed in the manufacture of automobiles, refrigerators and other metal stamping assemblies.\r\nAdvantages of Spot Welding:\r\n(i) It has low initial cost.\r\n\r\n(ii) Higher productivity.\r\n\r\n(iii) Less skilled worker can operate this welding.\r\n\r\n(iv) No edge preparation is required.\r\n\r\n(v) Operation may be made automatic or semi-automatic.\r\nDisadvantages of Spot Welding:\r\n1. Job of more thickness cannot be welded.\r\n\r\n2. High initial cost of equipment.\r\n\r\n3. Skilled labour is required for maintenance purpose.\r\nApplications of Spot Welding:\r\n(i) It can be frequently used in automobile and aircraft industries.\r\n\r\n(ii) It is used for making containers.\r\n\r\n(iii) Fabrication of steel household furnitures.\r\nMain Parameters for control Spot Welding are\r\n1 . SQUEEZE TIME\u00a0TIME REQUIRED FOR THE ELECTRODE TO CLOSE ON METAL AND APPLY PROPER PRESSURE.\r\n2. UPSLOPE TIME\u00a0TIME TAKEN FOR THE CURRENT TO REACH FROM ZERO THE PEAK VALUE.\r\n3. WELD TIME\u00a0TIME REQUIRED FOR PEAK CURRENT TO FLOW AND HEAT THE METAL\r\n4. DOWN SLOPE TIME\u00a0TIME TAKEN FOR THE CURRENT TO CUT OFF i.e, FROM PEAK TO ZERO\r\n5. HOLD TIME\u00a0TIME TAKEN BY THE ELECTRODES TO HOLD THE SHEETS TOGETHER AFTER THE CURRENT FLOW STOPS. PRESSURE STILL APPLIED TO ALLOW THE MOLTEN METAL TO SOLIDIFY.\r\n6. OFF TIME\u00a0IT IS THE TIME BETWEEN THE END OF ONE SPOT SEQUENCE TO START OF NEXT SPOT SEQUENCE","headline":"What is Spot Welding | Advantages , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-31","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/principle-of-spot-welding-300x125.jpg","height":125,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-air-handling-diagram-types-air-handling-unit/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/classifications-of-air-handling-units-300x116.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-air-handling-diagram-types-air-handling-unit/">What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit
Air handling Unit Definition : 
The definition of air handling unit from ANSI/AHRI Standard 430-2009 states that it is "A...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-air-handling-diagram-types-air-handling-unit/" aria-label="View Post: What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-air-handling-diagram-types-air-handling-unit\/","articleBody":"What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit\r\nAir handling Unit Definition :\u00a0\r\nThe definition of air handling unit from ANSI\/AHRI Standard 430-2009 states that it is \"A factory-made encased assembly consisting of a fan or fans and other\u00a0necessary equipment to perform one or more of the functions of circulating, cleaning, heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying and mixing of air....\"\r\n\r\nThe AHU is used to control the following parameters of the space.\r\n\r\n \tTemperature\r\n \tHumidity\r\n \tAir Movement\r\n \tAir Cleanliness\r\n\r\nAn air-handling unit (AHU) is the primary equipment in a system of a central hydronic system it handles and conditions the air and distributes it to various conditioned spaces. In an AHU the required amount of out door air and re-circulating air often mixed and conditioned. The temperature of the discharge air is then maintained within predetermined limits by means of control system. After that, the conditioned supply air is provided with motive force and is distributed to various conditioned spaces through, ductwork - and space diffusion devices. Many air-.handling units are modular So that they have the flexibility to add components as requited. AHU basically consists of an outdoor air intake and mixing box section a fan section including a supply fan and fan motor, a coil section with a water-cooling coil, and a humidifier may also be included depending on the application. Supply volume flow rates of AHU vary from 2000 to 63,000 cfm, (945 to 29. 730 L\/S). Whether a return fan or a relief fan should be added to an air system depends on the construction and operating characteristics of the air system and the total pressure loss of the return system. A heating coil is mainly used in the air conditing unit that serves the perimeter zone or for morning warm\u2014up the heating season. The use of a pre cooling coil to cooling water from the cooling tower as a water economizer is discussed humidifiers are employed for processing air conditioning and health care facilities where space humidity must be controlled.\r\n\r\nclassifications-of-air-handling-units\r\nTypes of Air Handling Units\u00a0\r\nIn a horizontal unit the supply fan coils and filters are all installed at the same level as shown in figure horizontal units need more floor space for installation and they are mainly used as large AHU. Most horizontal units are installed inside the fan room. Occasionally small horizontal units may be hung from the ceiling inside the ceiling plenum. In such a circumstance fan noise and vibration must be carefully controlled if the unit is adjacent to the conditioned space in a vertical unit, the supply fan is not installed and the same level as the coils and filters bulls often at a higher level as shown in figure. Vertical units require less floor space. They are usually smaller so that the height of the coil section plus the fan section and the height of the ductwork that crosses over the AHU under the ceiling is less than the head\r\nroom (The height from the floor to the ceiling or the beam of the fan room). The fan is the room used to house AHU and other mechanical equipment.\r\n\r\nDraw-Though Unit or Blow-Through Unit\r\nIn a draw-through unit the supply fan is located down steam from the cooling coil section as shown in fig air is drawn through unit coil section. Also the discharge air from the AHU can be easily connected to a supply duct of similar higher velocity. Drawn-through unit are the most widely used AHUs. In a blow-through unit the supply fan is located up stream from the coil section multizone air-handling unit adopts a blow-through unit. In a multizone AHU the coil section is divided into the hot deck and the coil is located. The hot deck is connected to duct work that supplies warm air to the perimeter zone through the warm duct. The cold, deck is connected to a cold duct that supplies cold air to both the perimeter and interior zones. A blow-through unit also has the advantage of treating the supply fan heat gains as part of the coil load and thus reduces the supply system again.\r\n\r\nOut Door Air AHC or Mixing AHU\r\nMost mixing AHU\u2019s can be used to condition either outdoor air only or a mixture of out door air an and re- circulating air where as out door air AHU is used only to condition 100 percent out door air as shown in fig. An Out door air or make up air, AHU is once through unit; there is no return air and mixing box. It may be a constant volume system or variable \u2014air-volume (VAV) system if the number of occupants varies. In an out-door air AHU, the cooling coils is usually a six to eight-row dept coil because of the greater enthalpy difference during cooling and dehumidification in summer protection for water coils are necessary in locations where the out-door temperature may be 32 f (0 c) in winter. A heat recovery coil or a water economizer-pre-cooling coil is often installed in make up air AHU\u2019s for every energy savings.\r\n\r\nSingle Zone AHU Or Multi Zone AHU\r\nA single Zone AHU serves only a single zone. A multizone AHU serves two or more. A zone can be large perimeter or an interior zone or one of the many through ducts and terminals. A multi zone AHU with a hot and cold deck is now often used for a dual-duct VAN system Another kind of multizone unit which has many separate warm air ducts and cold air ducts with associated warm and cold air dampers for each of the zones became absolute because this kind of multizone unit wastes energy, needs complicated control and is expensive. Factory Fabricated AHU or Field Built AHU Custom Built or Standard Fabrication One important reason to use factory-fabricated AHU\u2019s or standard fabrication is their lower cost and high quality factory labor and controlled manufacturing techniques provide more efficiency and quality construction than field labor and assembling. Custom-built and fieldbuilt AHU\u2019s provide more flexibility in structure system components arrangements, fabricated products. Custom built and filed built AHU\u2019s also need more comprehensive detailed specifications standard fabricating products are usually less expensive and can be delivered in a shorter time. \r\n\r\nRoof Top AHU or Indoor AHU\r\nA rooftop AHU is an outdoor penthouse. It is usually curb mounted on the roof and should be completely weather tight. The outside casing usually made of heavy gauge galvanized steel or aluminum sheet with corrosion resistant coating and sealant at the joints, oh inside and outside. The fan motor, water valves, damper, actuator and controls are all installed inside causing access door are necessary for service and maintenance of fans, coil, and filters. An indoor AHU is usually located in the fan room. So AHU\u2019s are sometimes ceiling hung.","headline":"What is air handling Unit | Diagram , Types of Air Handling Unit","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/classifications-of-air-handling-units-300x116.png","height":116,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/welding-basic-interview-question-and-answers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/WELDING-POSITIONS-300x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/welding-basic-interview-question-and-answers/">Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers
1. What is WPS?  WPS is Welding Procedure Specification, It is a written document that provides direction to the welder or welding operator for making...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/welding-basic-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/welding-basic-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers\r\n1. What is WPS?\r\n\r\nWPS is Welding Procedure Specification, It is a written document that provides direction to the welder or welding operator for making production welds.\r\n\r\n2. What is the Welding Process?\r\n\r\na) GTAW (Gas Tungeston Arc Welding)\r\nb) SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)\r\nc) SAW (Submerged Arc Welding)\r\nd) FCAW (Flux Coated Arc Welding)\r\ne) GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)\r\nf) PAW (Plasma Arc Welding)\r\n\r\n3. What are the different types of Groove?\r\na) V \u2013 Groove\r\nb) U \u2013 Groove\r\nc) Double V Groove\r\n\r\n4. What are the different types of Base Material with Grade?\r\n\r\nCS\r\ni) A 106 Gr B\r\nii) A 53 Gr B\r\niii) API 5L Gr B\r\n\r\nSS\r\ni) A 304\r\nii) A 304L\r\niii) A 316\r\niv) A 316L\r\nv) A 321\r\nvi) A 322\r\nvii) A 347\r\nviii) A 348\r\n\r\nALLOY\r\nA 335 - P11\r\nA 335 - P22\r\n\r\nMONEL\r\nASTM B 165 No: 4400\r\n\r\nALUMINIUM\r\nSB 241 Grade 5083\r\n\r\n5 . Specify Electrode Trade Name\r\nESAB, LINCON, ADOR, GEKA, METRODE\r\n\r\n6 . Welding Position\r\n\r\nPipe \u2013 1GR, 2G, 5G, 6G,\r\nPlate \u2013 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G\r\n\r\nPIPE:-\r\n1G: - A Pipe is Horizontal Position and weld beed is a vertical position. The Pipe Will be rotated.\r\n2G: - A Pipe is Vertical Position and weld beed is Horizontal Position\r\n5G: - A Pipe is Horizontal Position and weld beed is Vertical Position\r\n6G: - A Pipe is a 450 Position\r\n\r\nWELDING POSITIONS\r\n\r\nPLATE:-\r\n1G: - Plate is Horizontal and weld is Horizontal\r\n2G: - Plate is Vertical and weld is Horizontal\r\n3G: - Plate is Vertical and weld is Vertical\r\n4G: - A Plate is in Overhead Position weld is Horizontal Position\r\n\r\n7. Types of Welding Position?\r\nUphill Position and Down Position.\r\n\r\n8. Type of Common Welds?\r\n\r\n \tGroove Welds\r\n \tFillet Welds\r\n \tSpot \/ Seam Welds\r\n \tPlug \/ Slot Welds\r\n \tEdge Welds\r\n\r\n9. Type of Common Joints?\r\n\r\n \tButt Joints\r\n \tT Joints\r\n \tLap Joints\r\n \tOpen Corner Joints\r\n \tClosed Corner Joints\r\n\r\n10. What are the Weldment Terms?\r\ni. Weld Face\r\nii. Weld Root\r\niii. Fusion Zone\r\niv. Fusion Boundary\r\nv. Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)\r\nvi. Weld Toes\r\nvii. Weld Width\r\n\r\n11. What are the Welding Imperfections?\r\nI. Cracks\r\nII. Gas Pores and Carities\r\nIII. Sold inclusions\r\nIV. Lack of Fusion\r\nV. Surface and Profile\r\nVI. Mechanical \/ Surface damage\r\nVII. Misalignment.\r\n\r\n12 . Types of Joint Preparation?\r\nBevel, V, J, S (Single &amp; Double Sided)\r\n\r\n13. ASME SECTIONS\r\n\r\na) SECTION I\r\nRules for Construction of Power Boilers\r\n\r\nb) SECTION II\r\nMaterials\r\nPart A - Ferrous Material Specifications\r\nPart B - Nonferrous Material Specifications\r\nPart C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and\r\nFiller\r\nMetals\r\nPart D - Properties (Customary)\r\nPart E - Properties (Metric)\r\n\r\nc) SECTION III\r\nSubsection NCA ---- General Requirements for Division 1 and\r\nDivision 2\r\nDivision 1\r\nSubsection NB-Class 1 Components\r\nSubsection NC-Class 2 Components\r\nSubsection ND - Class 3 Components\r\nSubsection NE - Class MC Components\r\nSubsection NF \u2013 Supports\r\nSubsection NG - Core Support Structures\r\nSubsection NH - Class 1 Component in Elevated Temperature Service- Appendices\r\nDivision 2 - Code for Concrete Containments\r\nDivision 3 - Containments for Transport and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel\r\nand High Level Radioactive Material and Waste\r\n\r\nd) SECTION IV\r\nRules for Construction of Heating Boilers\r\n\r\ne) SECTION V\r\nNon Destructive Examination\r\n\r\nf) SECTION VI\r\nRecommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers\r\n\r\ng) SECTION VII\r\n\r\nRecommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers\r\n\r\nh) SECTION VIII\r\nRules for Construction of Pressure Vessels\r\nDivision 1\r\nDivision 2 \u2013 Alternative Rules\r\nDivision 3 \u2013 Alternative Rules for Construction of High\r\n\r\nPressure Vessels\r\n\r\ni) SECTION IX\r\nWelding and Brazing Qualifications\r\n\r\nj) SECTION X\r\nFiber \u2013 Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels\r\n\r\nk) SECTION XI\r\nRules for In Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant\r\nComponents\r\n\r\nl) SECTION XII\r\n\r\nRules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks.\r\n\r\n \tASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers\r\n \tASME B 31.3 \u2013 Process Piping\r\n \tASME B 31.1 - Power Piping\r\n \tASTM \u2013 American Society of Testing Materials\r\n \tAPI - American Petroleum Institute\r\n \tAISC \u2013 American Institute of Structural Concrete\r\n \tAWS D1.1 \u2013 American Welding Society (Structural Welding)\r\n \tAWS D1.6 \u2013 American Welding Society (Structure SS Welding)","headline":"Welding Basic Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/WELDING-POSITIONS-300x300.jpg","height":300,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cost-of-quality-categories-and-elements-of-quality-cost/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/cost-of-quality-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cost-of-quality-categories-and-elements-of-quality-cost/">Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost
Quality costs are defined are those costs associated with the non-achievement of product or service quality as defined by the requirements...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cost-of-quality-categories-and-elements-of-quality-cost/" aria-label="View Post: Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/cost-of-quality-categories-and-elements-of-quality-cost\/","articleBody":"Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost\r\nQuality costs are defined are those costs associated with the non-achievement of product or service quality as defined by the requirements established by the organization and its contracts with customers and society. Simply stated, quality cost is the cost of poor products or services.\r\n\r\n cost of quality\r\n\r\nCATEGORIES &amp; ELEMENTS OF QUALITY COST\r\nI. Preventive Cost Category\r\n1. Marketing\/Consumer\/User:\r\nCosts are incurred in the accumulation and continued evaluation of customer and user quality needs and perceptions affecting user satisfaction with the organizations product or service.\r\n\r\n2. Product\/Service\/Design Development:\r\nCosts are incurred to translate customer and user needs in to reliable quality standards and requirements and to manage the quality of new product or service.\r\n\r\n3. Purchasing:\r\nCosts are incurred to assure conformance requirements of supplier parts, materials or processes and to minimize the impact of supplier non conformance on the quality of delivered products or services.\r\n\r\n4. Operations (Manufacturing or service):\r\nCosts are incurred in assuring the capability and readiness of operations to meet quality standards and requirements and to impart quality education to operating personnel.\r\n\r\n5. Quality Administration:\r\nCosts are incurred in the overall administration of the quality management function.\r\nII. Appraisal Cost Category\r\n1. Purchasing Appraisal Costs:\r\nPurchasing appraisal costs can generally be considered the costs incurred for the inspection and test of purchased supplies or service to determine acceptability to use.\r\n\r\n2. Operations (Manufacturing or service) Appraisal Costs:\r\nOperations appraisal costs can generally be considered the costs incurred for the test or audit required to determine and assure the acceptability of product or service.\r\n\r\n3. External Appraisal Costs:\r\nExternal appraisal costs are incurred for field set up or installation and check out for the acceptance of customers.\r\n\r\n4. Review of Test &amp; Inspection:\r\nCosts are incurred for regular reviewing inspection and test data, prior to release of the product for shipment.\r\n\r\n5. Miscellaneous Quality Evaluations:\r\nCosts involved in quality audits to assure continued ability to provide acceptable support to the production process.\r\nIII. Internal Failure Cost Category\r\n1. Product or Service Design Failure Costs (Internal):\r\nDesign failure costs are the unplanned costs that are incurred because of inherent design inadequacies.\r\n\r\n2. Purchasing Failure Costs:\r\nCosts which are incurred due to the rejects of purchased items.\r\n\r\n3. Operations (Product or Service) Failure Costs:\r\nThe costs associated with nonconforming product or service discovered during the operations process. It is categorized in to three distinct areas: material review and corrective action, rework or repair costs and scrap costs.\r\n\r\nIV. External Failure Cost Category\r\n\r\n1. Complaint Investigations of Customer or User Service:\r\nIt includes the total cost of investigating, resolving and responding to individual customer and user complaints.\r\n\r\n2. Returned Goods:\r\nCosts incurred in evaluating, repairing and replacing goods.\r\n\r\n3. Retrofit and Recall costs\r\nRetrofit and recall costs are those costs required to modify or update products or field service facilities to a new design change level, based on major redesign due to design deficiencies.\r\n\r\n4. Warranty Claims\r\nWarranty costs include the total costs of claims paid to the customer or user after acceptance to cover expenses, including repair costs, such as removing defective hardware from a system, or cleaning costs, due to food or chemical service accident.\r\n\r\n5. Liability Costs\r\nLiability costs are organization-paid costs due to liability claims, including the cost of product or service liability insurance.\r\n\r\n6. Penalties\r\nPenalty costs are those costs incurred because less than full product or service performance is achieved as required by contracts with customers or by government rules and regulations.\r\n\r\n7. Customer or user good will\r\nThis category involves costs incurred that customers are not satisfied with quality of delivered product or service because the customer\u2019s quality expectations were greater than the quality they received.\r\n\r\n8. Lost Sales\r\nLost sales comprise the value of the contribution to profit that is lost due to sales reduction because of quality problems.","headline":"Cost of Quality | Categories and Elements Of Quality Cost","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/cost-of-quality-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=86">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=85"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>85</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=86"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>86</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>87</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=88"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>88</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=89"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>89</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=88">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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