目录
热电厂的工作 - 优点和缺点
热电厂介绍:
煤是热电厂中使用的主要燃料。煤含有可燃元素,如碳和氢。最优质煤中碳的百分比组成约为95%。煤中的可燃元件与燃烧期间空气中存在的氧气结合。为了更好,更有效的燃烧,提供过量的空气。
A large quantity of heat is produced after combustion, which is utilized to convert water into high-pressure and high-temperature steam. The high-pressure steam is passed through the steam turbine where its expansion takes place and the heat energy is converted into mechanical energy in the form of rotation of shaft. The shaft of the turbine is coupled with the generator and thus electrical energy is generated.
为了提高植物的热效率和整体性能,安装了各种辅助设备。蒸汽和再生饲料加热的再加热是一些步骤。为了安全有效地运行锅炉,大量的锅炉安装在锅炉鼓和壳体上。为了有效地运行锅炉,安装了大量称为附件的子设备,例如超级精炼厂,康乐器和AirPreheater等附件。
这些单元的安装涉及高成本和空间,因此,除了过热器的安装外,节省器和空气预热器仅适用于大容量植物(蒸汽发生压力超过70巴)。还有一种用于风扇的布置,以通过锅炉的炉子具有强制循环空气和烟气。
热电厂的工作:
热电厂的完整布局在图4中介绍。来自矿山的煤通过轨道,船,船或卡车运输到热电厂的实际部位,这取决于植物的位置。煤储存在储存码中。然后通过输送机进行处理;取决于植物的尺寸和布置的可用性,如皮带输送机,铲斗电梯等。
在磁选器中被压碎并通过磁性分离器以释放任何铁杂质,以便在通过输送机到粉碎煤磨机以进行粉碎(制成粉末)。
煤被粉碎以增加表面积,以具有适当的空气混合用于有效燃烧。将煤粉与空气一起供应到锅炉的炉子。空气和燃料必须彻底混合以完全燃烧燃料。炉火温度必须非常高,以点燃进入的原料燃料和空气。
The product (flue gases) formed after combustion transfers the heat to the water in boiler and is finally discharged to the atmosphere through chimney. On its way, several equipments such as superheaters, economizer, and then air preheaters are placed to transfer the heat. The flow of flue gas is established by the combination of forced and induced draft fan.
Advantages of Thermal Power Plant:
(a)与水电站相比,初始成本低。
(b)可以在负载中心附近建立,从而其中涉及的传输损耗和成本低。
(c) The erection of the plant takes less time as compared to a hydro-electric plant.
火电厂的缺点:
Fossil fuel is the main fuel for any thermal power plant. Since fossil fuels are nonrenewable source of energy, they are feared to be exhausted in future.
(a)如果热电厂位置远离煤矿,则运输成本昂贵。
(b)燃料燃烧后产生的烟雾导致污染。
(c) The generation cost is high as compared to a hydro-electric plant.
(d)与水电电厂相比,热电厂的寿命较少。






