<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head>  <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-63955840-1"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,CgkgIHdpbmRvdy5kYXRhTGF5ZXIgPSB3aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyIHx8IFtdOwoJICBmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKTt9CgkgIGd0YWcoJ2pzJywgbmV3IERhdGUoKSk7CgoJICAKCSAgCSAgZ3RhZygnY29uZmlnJywgJ1VBLTYzOTU1ODQwLTEnKTsKCSAgCgk="></script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/www.gunkrazy.com-favicon-image.png"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><title>Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering</title><meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/><link rel="canonical" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta property="og:url" content="//www.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mechanical Engineering blog" /><meta property="fb:admins" content="https://www.facebook.com/sachin.thorat3" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /><meta name="twitter:data1" content="Less than a minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person","name":"Sachin Thorat","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/royal.mech.engg","https://twitter.com/thoratsachin027"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#website","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com","name":"Mechanical Engineering blog","publisher":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"//www.gunkrazy.com/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/","name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","about":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#website"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#author","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","inLanguage":"en-US"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","author":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"}}]}</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="5Sa35IchqdSspzqAS1DI0AQEde9mldI2FZu66psXg" /><meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0633F9DED879963ED766DB4D21411F2B" /><meta name="yandex-verification" content="6203245cb91cc415" /><meta name="p:domain_verify" content="1d54713710a5b65365ad80e5daccdb40" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Feed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Comments Feed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/comments/feed/" /> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <!--noptimize--><script id="learn-ready">
			window.advanced_ads_ready=function(e,a){a=a||"complete";var d=function(e){return"interactive"===a?"loading"!==e:"complete"===e};d(document.readyState)?e():document.addEventListener("readystatechange",(function(a){d(a.target.readyState)&&e()}),{once:"interactive"===a})},window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[];		</script>
		<!--/noptimize--><style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item}</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-income-school-style-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_6aa70931e213384c9a6255eeedb3f19f.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width768-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_4097091fbbb660b667281e5052538af8.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 768px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width960-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_1b82ae29fa8c6f6b1dda16beb19cfc46.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 960px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width1200-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_90097e866176b4ced86c9b703df91b35.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 1200px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_605682d15b905afcca53b93514fbaeca.php?ver=2.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='custom-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.search-wrapper #search-icon{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png") center/cover no-repeat #fff;}.share-container .email-btn:before{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/envelope.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.share-container .print-btn:before{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/print-icon.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.externallinkimage{background-image:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/extlink.png")}body, body ul, body li, body td, body th, body p, body p.legal-disclaimer, body  input, body select, body optgroup, body textarea, body .entry-meta span, body.single .entry-meta .byline, .entry-content .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a{ color: #4f4f4f; }body.home #page .hero-text-wrapper h2.hero-text{ color:#ffffff; }#content h1, #content h2:not(.widget-title, .hero-text, .section-header-text, .card-title), #content h3, #content .author-card .author-info a, #content h4, #content h5, #content h6, #content .header { color: #bf22b2; }body .article-card header p a{color:#ff392e;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text,#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card h2:before{ background-color:#d693c6;}#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card:hover h2:before{ opacity:0.5; transition:opacity 500ms;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text, body.home #page h2.card-title{ color:#ff392e;}body a, body a:visited, body a:focus, body a:active{ color: #ff392e; }body a:hover, body a:visited:hover, body a:focus, body a:active { color: #ff392e }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, #content .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='reset'], #content input[type='submit'], #content .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { background: #ff392e; }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color), #page button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='reset'], input[type='submit'], .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { color: #f2f2f2; }.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs::before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li{border-color:#bababa;}#content hr, body .wp-block-separator{ background-color: #bababa; } #page aside#secondary .legal-info-container, #page aside#secondary .sidebar-ad{ border-top-color: #bababa;} #page .author-card{border-top-color: #bababa;border-bottom-color: #bababa;}#page .site-footer{border-top-color: #bababa;}@media (min-width: 960px){#page .site-content .widget-area{border-left-color:#bababa;}}#content #antibounce { background: #f0f0f0; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card .copy-wrapper p{ color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button{ background-color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button { color: #ffffff }
.article-card .image-container {
   
    background-size: contain;</style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/11350" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /><link rel='shortlink' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunkrazy.com%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunkrazy.com%2F&#038;format=xml" /><meta name="category" content="homepage" /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Franklin:wght@400;800&family=Roboto+Condensed&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><style>ins.adsbygoogle { background-color: transparent; padding: 0; }</style><script  async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1685119944030639" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </head><body class="home page-template-default page page-id-11350 aa-prefix-learn-"><div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a><header id="masthead" class="site-header desktop-toggle"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="hamburger-wrapper desktop"> <button class="hamburger hamburger--squeeze menu-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> <span class="label">MENU</span> </button></div><div class="site-branding"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="300" height="300" src="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png 300w, //www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></div><div class="search-wrapper"> <a href="#open" id="search-icon" style="background: url(//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png) center/cover no-repeat #fff;"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a><div class="search-form-wrapper"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="//www.gunkrazy.com/"><style>.search-wrapper.search-active .search-field {
			width: 200px;
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
		}
		.search-wrapper button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
			top: -35px;
			position: relative;
			background-color: transparent;
			height: 30px;
			width: 30px;
			padding: 0;
			margin: 0;
			background-image: url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png");
			background-position: center;
			background-repeat: no-repeat;
			background-size: contain;
		}
		.search-wrapper.search-active button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block !important;
		}</style><label for="s"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit" style="display:none;"><span class="screen-reader-text"></span></button></form></div></div></div><nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation"><div class="menu-main-manu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-13454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-home menu-item-13454"><a href="http://www.gunkrazy.com">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-13461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13461"><a target="_blank" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/">Subject Wise Notes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13456"><a target="_blank" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/">Projects List</a></li><li id="menu-item-13457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13457"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Project and seminars</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13458"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a></li><li id="menu-item-13459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13459"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-13460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13460"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Software</a></li><li id="menu-item-13462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13462"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">GATE</a></li><li id="menu-item-13466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-13466"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13467"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a></li><li id="menu-item-13468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13468"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></nav></header><div id="content" class="site-content"><div id="primary" class="content-area"><section class="featured-categories-wrapper"><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/jigs-and-fixture-design1-768x581.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/"><h2 class="card-title">Index of Mechanical Projects</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/lathe-machine-operation-768x515.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Mechanical Subjects notes</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CATIA-V5-Surface.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cad-software/"><h2 class="card-title">CAD Design</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Orbital-Welding-Process-Equipment-Application-min-1.png')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/manufacturing-technology-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Manufacturing Technology Notes</h2> </a></article></section><main id="main" class="site-main"><section class="articles-wrapper"><h2 class="section-header-text">Recent Posts</h2><article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/water-cooling-system-in-engine-types-of-water-cooling-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/thermo-syphon-cooling-min-300x223.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/water-cooling-system-in-engine-types-of-water-cooling-system/">Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system
Water cooling system:
Cooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder, cylinder head, valve seats etc. The water when...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/water-cooling-system-in-engine-types-of-water-cooling-system/" aria-label="View Post: Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/water-cooling-system-in-engine-types-of-water-cooling-system\/","articleBody":"Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system\r\nWater cooling system:\r\nCooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder, cylinder head, valve seats etc. The water when circulated through the jackets, it absorbs heat of combustion. This hot water will then be cooling in the radiator partially by a fan and partially by the flow developed by the forward motion of the vehicle. The cooled water is again recirculated through the water jackets.\r\n\r\nAntifreeze mixture\r\nIn western countries if the water used in the radiator freezes because of cold climates, then ice formed has more volume and produces cracks in the cylinder blocks, pipes, and radiator. So, to prevent freezing antifreeze mixtures or solutions are added in the cooling water.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0\r\n\r\nEngine Cooling | Air Cooling System -Advantages and Disadvantages\r\n\r\nWhat are the types Of Air Conditioning | Basic Of Air Conditioning\r\n\r\nNormally following are used as antifreeze solutions:\r\n(i) Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols\r\n(ii) A solution of alcohol and water\r\n(iii) Ethylene Glycol raises the boiling temperature substantially and hence more heat dissipation\r\n(iv) A solution of water and Ethylene Glycol\r\n(v) Glycerin along with water, etc.\r\n(vi) Chromates are used to prevents deposit\r\n\r\nWater cooling system mainly consists of:\r\n-Radiator\r\n-Thermostat valve\r\n-Water pump\r\n-Fan\r\n-Water Jackets\r\n-Antifreeze mixtures\r\n\r\nVarious types of water cooling systems are given as;\r\n(a) Thermo-syphon cooling\r\n(b) Forced or pump cooling\r\n(c) Cooling with thermostatic regulator\r\n(d) Pressurised water cooling system\r\n(e) Evaporative cooling\r\n\r\n(a) Thermo-syphon cooling:\r\nThis system works on the principle that hot water being lighter rises up and the cold water being heavier goes down. In this system the radiator is placed at a higher level than the engine for the easy flow of water towards the engine. Heat is conducted to the water jackets from where it is taken away due to convection by the circulating water. As the water jacket becomes hot, it rises to the top of the radiator. Cold water from the radiator takes the place of the rising hot water and in this way a circulation of water is set up m the system. This helps in keeping the engine at working temperature.\r\n\r\n thermo syphon cooling\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Thermo-syphon system,\r\n-Rate of circulation is too slow.\r\n-Circulation commences only when there is a marked difference in temperature.\r\n-Circulation stops as the level of water falls below the top of the delivery pipe of the radiator. For these reasons this system has become obsolete and is no more in use.\r\n\r\n(b) Forced or pump cooling:\r\n-This system is used in large number of vehicles like car, buses, trucks and other heavy vehicles. Here circulation of water takes place with convection currents help by a pump.\r\n-The water or coolant is circulated through jackets around the parts of the engine to be cooled, and is kept in motion by a centrifugal pump, driven from the engine through V-belt.\r\n\r\nLimitation\r\n-Cooling is independent of temp.\r\n-Engine is overcooled (when range of temp.=75-900C)\r\n-Can be overcome by using thermostat\r\n\r\n(c) Cooling with thermostatic regulator:\r\n\r\n-Whenever the engine is started from cold, the coolant temperature has to be brought to the desired warm up time to avoid corrosion damage due to condensation of acids as well as help in easy starting of the engine. This can be done by the use of thermostatic device or thermostat.\r\n-It is a kind of check valve which opens and closes with the effect of temperature. It is fitted in the water outlet of the engine. During the warm-up period, the thermostat is closed and the water pump circulates the water only throughout the cylinder block and cylinder head. When the normal operating temperature is reached, the thermostat valve opens and allows hot water to flow towards the radiator. Standard thermostats are designed to start opening at 70 to 75\u00b0C and they fully open at 82\u00b0C. High temperature thermostats, with permanent anti-freeze solutions (Prestine, Zerex, etc.), start opening at 80 to 90\u00b0C and fully open at 92\u00b0C.\r\n\r\n- There are three types of thermostats: \r\n\r\n(i) bellow type,\r\n\r\n (ii) bimetallic type and \r\n\r\n(iii) wax type.\r\n\r\nBellow type valve:\r\n\r\n Flexible bellows are filled with alcohol or ether. When the bellows is heated, the liquid vaporises, creating enough pressure to expand the bellows. When the unit is cooled, the gas condenses. The pressure reduces and the bellows collapse to close the valve.\r\n\r\nBimetallic type valve:\r\n\r\n This consists of a bimetallic strip. The unequal expansion of two metallic strips causes the valve to open and allows the water to flow in the radiator.\r\n\r\nWax type valve:\r\n-Can operate reliably within the specified temperature range\r\n- Heat is transmitted to wax, which has high coefficient of thermal expansion\r\n-Upon being heated, wax expands and the rubber plug presses the plunger forcing it to move vertically upwards\r\n\r\n bellow type thermostat\r\n\r\n(d) Pressurized water cooling system:\r\nIn the case of the ordinary water-cooling system where the cooling water is subjected to atmospheric pressure, the water boils at 212\u00b0F. But, when water is heated in a closed radiator under high pressure, the boiling temperature of water increases. The higher water temperature gives more efficient engine performance and affords additional protection under high altitude and tropical conditions for long hard driving periods. Therefore, a pressure-type radiator cap is used with the forced circulation cooling system. The cap is fitted on the radiator neck with an air tight seal. The pressure-release valve or safety valve is set to open at a pressure between 4 and 13 psi. With this increase in pressure, the boiling temperature of water increases to 243\u00b0F (at 4 psi boiling tap 225\u00b0F and 13 psi boiling temperature 243\u00b0F). Any increase in pressure is released by the pressure release valve or safety valve to the atmosphere. On cooling, the vapours will condense and a partial vacuum will be created which will result in the collapse of the hoses and tubes. To overcome this problem the pressure release valve is associated with a vacuum valve which opens the radiator to the atmosphere.\r\n\r\n pressurized system\r\n\r\n(e) Evaporation cooling system:\r\n-In this system, the engine will be cooled because of the evaporation of the water in the cylinder jackets into steams.\r\n-The advantage is being taken from the high latent heat of vaporization of water by allowing it to evaporate in the cylinder jackets. This system is used for cooling of many types of industrial engines.","headline":"Water Cooling System in Engine | types of water cooling system","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/thermo-syphon-cooling-min-300x223.jpg","height":223,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/engine-cooling-air-cooling-system-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/vehicle-air-conditioning-300x212.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/engine-cooling-air-cooling-system-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System - Advantages and Disadvantages
ENGINE COOLING
In a SI engine, cooling must be satisfactory to avoid pre-ignition and knock. In a compression ignition engine,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/engine-cooling-air-cooling-system-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/engine-cooling-air-cooling-system-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System - Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nENGINE COOLING\r\nIn a SI engine, cooling must be satisfactory to avoid pre-ignition and knock. In a compression ignition engine, since a normal combustion is aided, cooling must be sufficient to allow the parts to operate properly. In short, cooling is a matter of equalization of internal temperature to prevent local overheating as well as to remove sufficient heat energy to maintain a practical overall working temperature.\r\n\r\nRequirements of cooling system in the IC engine\r\nThe cooling system is provided in the IC engine for the following reasons:\r\n-The temperature of the burning gases in the engine cylinder reaches up to 1500 to 2000\u00b0C, which is above the melting point of the material of the cylinder body and head of the engine. (Platinum, a metal which has one of the highest melting points, melts at 1750 \u00b0C, iron at 1530\u00b0C and aluminium at 657\u00b0C.) Therefore, if the heat is not dissipated, it would result in the failure of the cylinder material.\r\n-Due to very high temperatures, the film of the lubricating oil will get oxidized, thus producing carbon deposits on the surface. This will result in piston seizure.\r\n-Due to overheating, large temperature differences may lead to a distortion of the engine components due to the thermal stresses set up. This makes it necessary for, the temperature variation to be kept to a minimum.\r\n-Higher temperatures also lower the volumetric efficiency of the engine.\r\n\r\nEffect of overcooling:\r\n-Thermal efficiency is decreased due to more loss of heat carried by the coolant\r\n-The vaporization of the fuel is less resulting in lower combustion efficiency\r\n-Low temperature increases the viscosity of lubricant causing more loss due to friction\r\n\r\nThere are mainly two types of cooling systems:\r\n(a) Air cooled system, and\r\n(b) Water cooled system\r\n\r\nAir Cooled System:\r\n-Air cooled system is generally used in small engines say up to 15-20 kW and in aero plane engines.\r\n-In this system fins or extended surfaces are provided on the cylinder walls, cylinder head, etc. Heat generated due to combustion in the engine cylinder will be conducted to the fins and when the air flows over the fins, heat will be dissipated to air.\r\n\r\n-The amount of heat dissipated to air depends upon:\r\n(a) Amount of air flowing through the fins\r\n(b) Fin surface area\r\n(c) Thermal conductivity of metal used for fins\r\n\r\n-For efficient cooling the length of the fins and the spacing between them is quite important\r\n-Larger inter spacing between the fins offers larger area for cooling air but the heating of the air is less, so more cooling air is required\r\n-Smaller inter spacing between the fins results in smaller flow area of cooling air and hence input cooling air is less\r\n-Usually fin height varies from 15 to 25 mm\r\n\r\n vehicle-air-conditioning\r\n\r\nAdvantages of air cooled engines\r\nAir cooled engines have the following advantages:\r\n1. Its design of air-cooled engine is simple.\r\n2. It is lighter in weight than water-cooled engines due to the absence of water jackets, radiator, circulating pump and the weight of the cooling water.\r\n3. It is cheaper to manufacture.\r\n4. It needs less care and maintenance.\r\n5. This system of cooling is particularly advantageous where there are extreme climatic conditions in the arctic or where there is scarcity of water as in deserts.\r\n6. No risk of damage from frost, such as cracking of cylinder jackets or radiator water tubes.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of air cooled engines\r\n-Relatively large amount of power is used to drive the cooling fan.\r\n-Engines give low power output.\r\n-Cooling fins under certain conditions may vibrate and amplify the noise level.\r\n-Cooling is not uniform.\r\n-Engines are subjected to high working temperature.","headline":"Engine Cooling | Air Cooling System &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/vehicle-air-conditioning-300x212.jpg","height":212,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/dynamometer-types-of-dynamometer-used-for-torque-measurement/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/prony-brake-dynamometer-300x188.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/dynamometer-types-of-dynamometer-used-for-torque-measurement/">Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement.
Measurement of brake power:
The brake power measurement involves the determination of the torque and the angular speed of the engine...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/dynamometer-types-of-dynamometer-used-for-torque-measurement/" aria-label="View Post: Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/dynamometer-types-of-dynamometer-used-for-torque-measurement\/","articleBody":"Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement.\r\nMeasurement of brake power:\r\nThe brake power measurement involves the determination of the torque and the angular speed of the engine output shaft. The torque measuring device is called a dynamometer.\r\n\r\nDynamometers can be broadly classified into two main types,\r\n\r\n \tpower absorption dynamometers and\r\n \ttransmission dynamometer.\r\n\r\nAbsorption Dynamometers\r\n\r\nThese dynamometers measure and absorb the power output of the engine to which they are coupled. The power absorbed is usually dissipated as heat by some means. Example of such dynamometers is prony brake, rope brake, hydraulic dynamometer, etc.\r\n\r\nTransmission Dynamometers\r\nIn transmission dynamometers, the power is transmitted to the load coupled to the engine after it is indicated on some type of scale. These are also called torque-meters.\r\n\r\nread more :\u00a0How To Calculate Heat Balance Sheet For IC Engine\r\n\r\n(a) Prony brake dynamometer\r\nOne of the simplest methods of measuring brake power (output) is to attempt to stop the engine by means of a brake on the flywheel and measure the weight which an arm attached to the brake will support, as it tries to rotate with the flywheel.\r\nIt consists of wooden block mounted on a flexible rope or band the wooden block when pressed into contact with the rotating drum takes the engine torque and the power is dissipated in frictional resistance. Spring-loaded bolts are provided to tighten the wooden block and hence increase the friction.\r\n\r\n prony brake dynamo meter\r\n\r\nThe whole of the power absorbed is converted into heat and hence this type of dynamometer must the cooled. The brake horsepower is given by\r\nBP = 2p NT\r\nwhere, T = W \u00d7 l\r\nW being the weight applied at a radius l.\r\n\r\n(b) Rope brake dynamometer\r\n\r\nIt consists of a number of turns of rope wound around the rotating drum attached to the output shaft. One side of the rope is connected to a spring balance and the other to a loading device. The power is absorbed in friction between the rope and the drum. The drum therefore requires cooling.\r\n\r\n rope brake dynamometer\r\n\r\nRope brake is cheap and easily constructed but not a very accurate method because of changes in the friction coefficient of the rope with temperature.\r\n\r\nThe bp is given by\r\nbp = p DN (W \u2212 S)\r\nwhere, D is the brake drum diameter, W is the weight in Newton and S is the spring scale reading.\r\n\r\n(c) Hydraulic Dynamometer\r\nHydraulic dynamometer works on the principle of dissipating the power in fluid friction rather than in dry friction.\r\n-In principle its construction is similar to that of a fluid flywheel.\r\n-It consists of an inner rotating member or impeller coupled to the output shaft of the engine.\r\n-This impeller rotates in a casing filled with fluid.\r\n-This outer casing, due to the centrifugal force developed, tends to revolve with the impeller, but is resisted by a torque arm supporting the balance weight.\r\n-The frictional forces between the impeller and the fluid are measured by the spring-balance fitted on the casing.\r\n-The heat developed due to dissipation of power is carried away by a continuous supply of the working fluid, usually water.\r\n-The output can be controlled by regulating the sluice gates which can be moved in and out to partially or wholly obstruct the flow of water between impeller, and the casing.\r\n\r\n hydraulic dynamometer\r\n\r\nEddy Current Dynamometer\r\nIt consists of a stator on which are fitted a number of electromagnets and a rotor disc made of copper or steel and coupled to the output shaft of the engine. When the rotor rotates eddy currents are produced in the stator due to magnetic flux set up by the passage of field current\r\nin the electromagnets. These eddy currents are dissipated in producing heat so that this type of dynamometer also requires some cooling arrangement. The torque is measured exactly as in other types of absorption dynamometers, i.e. with the help of a moment arm. The load is\r\ncontrolled by regulating the current in the electromagnets.\r\n\r\n eddy current dyanmometer\r\n\r\nThe following are the main advantages of eddy current dynamometer:\r\n\r\n(a) High brake power per unit weight of dynamometer.\r\n(b) They offer the highest ratio of constant power speed range (up to 5 : 1).\r\n(c) Level of field excitation is below 1% of total power being handled by dynamometer, thus, easy to control and programme.\r\n(d) Development of eddy current is smooth hence the torque is also smooth and continuous under all conditions.\r\n(e) Relatively higher torque under low speed conditions.\r\n(f) It has no intricate rotating parts except shaft bearing.\r\n(g) No natural limit to size-either small or large.\r\n\r\n(e) Swinging Field d.c. Dynamometer\r\nBasically, a swinging field d.c. dynamometer is a d.c. shunt motor so supported on trunnion bearings to measure their action torque that the outer case and filed coils tend to rotate with the magnetic drag. Hence, the name swinging field. The torque is measured with an arm and weighing equipment in the usual manner.\r\nMany dynamometers are provided with suitable electric connections to run as motor also. Then the dynamometer is reversible, i.e. works as motoring as well as power absorbing device.\r\n-When used as an absorption dynamometer it works as a d.c. generator and converts mechanical energy into electric energy which is dissipated in an external resistor or fed back to the mains.\r\n-When used as a motoring device an external source of d.c. voltage is needed to drive the motor.\r\nThe load is controlled by changing the field current.\r\n\r\nFan Dynamometer\r\nIt is also an absorption type of dynamometer in that when driven by the engine it absorbs the engine power. Such dynamometers are useful mainly for rough testing and running. The accuracy of the fan dynamometer is very poor. The power absorbed is determined by using previous calibration of the fan brake.\r\n\r\nTransmission Dynamometers\r\n\r\nTransmission dynamometers, also called torque meters, mostly consist of a set of strain-gauges fixed on the rotating shaft and the torque is measured by the angular deformation of the shaft which is indicated as strain of the strain gauge. Usually, a four arm bridge is used to reduce the effect of temperature to minimum and the gauges are arranged in pairs such that the effect of axial or transverse load on the strain gauges is avoided.\r\n\r\n transmission dynamometer","headline":"Dynamometer | Types Of Dynamometer used For Torque measurement","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/prony-brake-dynamometer-300x188.jpg","height":188,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/carburettor-diagram-working-parts-types/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/simple-carburettor-300x272.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Carburettor &#8211; Diagram , working , parts ,types</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/carburettor-diagram-working-parts-types/">Carburettor &#8211; Diagram , working , parts ,types</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Carburetor - Diagram , working , parts ,types
Carburetion:
The process of preparing a combustible fuel-air mixture outside engine cylinder in SI engine is known as carburetion.  Important factors...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/carburettor-diagram-working-parts-types/" aria-label="View Post: Carburettor &#8211; Diagram , working , parts ,types">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Carburettor &#8211; Diagram , working , parts ,types","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/carburettor-diagram-working-parts-types\/","articleBody":"Carburetor - Diagram , working , parts ,types\r\nCarburetion:\r\nThe process of preparing a combustible fuel-air mixture outside engine cylinder in SI engine is known as carburetion.\r\n\r\nImportant factors which affect the process of carburetion are given below;\r\n-time available for the mixture preparation i.e. atomisation, mixing and the vaporization\r\n-Temperature of the incoming air\r\n-quality of the fuel supply\r\n-design of combustion chamber and induction system\r\nSimple Carburetor:\r\n-provide air-fuel mixture for all operating conditions\r\n-Carburetor depression is pressure differential in the float chamber and venture throat which causes discharge of fuel into the air stream\r\n-flow is controlled by small hole of fuel passage\r\n-pressure at the throat at the fully open throttle condition lies between 4 and 5 cm of Hg and seldom exceeds 8 cm Hg\r\n-petrol engine is quantity governed\r\n-Drawback of simple carburetor is that it provides too rich and too lean mixture due to vacuum created at the throat is too high and too small which is undesirable\r\n\r\n simple carburettor\r\n\r\nComplete Carburetor :\r\n\r\nAdditional systems used with simple carburetor can help the engine to operate at all conditions, which are given below,\r\n\r\n(i) Main metering system:\r\n-provide constant fuel-air ratio at wide range of speeds and loads.\r\n-mainly based upon the best economy at full throttle (A\/F ratio about 15.6:1)\r\n\r\nThe different metering systems are,\r\n\r\nCompensating jet device:-\r\n\r\nAddition to the main jet, a compensating jet is provided to provide the leanness effect\r\n\r\nEmulsion tube or air bleeding device:\r\n-mixture correction is done by air bleeding alone\r\n-in this arrangement main metering jet is fitted about 25 mm below the petrol level which is called as submerged jet\r\n\r\nBack suction control or pressure reduction method:\r\n-in this arrangement large vent line connects the carburetor entrance with the top of the float chamber and another small orifice line is connected with the top of the float chambers with venture throat\r\n-it creates pressure differences according to engine operating conditions\r\n\r\nAuxiliary valve carburetor:\r\n-Valve spring of auxiliary valve lift the valve during increase of engine load which increases the vacuum at venture\r\n-Allows more admittance more additional air and the mixture is not over rich\r\n\r\nAuxiliary port carburetor:\r\n-opening of butterfly allows more air inductance which decreases quantity of fuel drawn\r\n-used in aircraft carburetors\r\n\r\n(ii) Idling system:\r\n-Idling jet is added for the idling and low load operation which requires rich mixture sof about A\/F ratio 12:1\r\n-consists of small fuel line from the float chamber to a point of throttle side\r\n-gradual opening of throttle may stop the idling jet\r\n\r\n(iii) Power enrichment or economizer system:\r\n-this system provides the richer mixture for maximum power range of operation\r\n-It has meter rod economizer of large orifice opening to the main jet as the throttle is opened beyond a certain point\r\n-rod is tapered or stepped\r\n\r\n(iv) Acceleration pump system:\r\n-Engine acceleration condition or rapid increase in engine speed may open the throttle rapidly which will not able to provide rich mixture\r\n-acceleration pump of spring loaded plunger is used for fuel supply.\r\n\r\n(v) Choke:\r\n-Rich mixture is required during cold starting period, at low crancking speed and before the engine warmed up condition\r\n-butterfly type valve or choke is used between the entrance to the carburettor and venture throat to meet the requirement\r\n-spring loaded by-pass choke is used in higher speeds\r\nCarburettor types:\r\n(i) Open choke:Zenith, solex and carter\r\nConstant vacuum type: S.U. carburettor\r\n(ii) updraught type\r\nHorizontal or downdraught: mixture is assisted by gravity in its passage to the engine induction\r\n\r\n(a) Solex carburettor:\r\n-provide ease of starting, good performance, and reliability\r\n-used in Fiat and standard cars and Willey jeep\r\n-Bi-starter is used for cold starting\r\n-well of emulsion system is used for idling and slow running condition\r\n-diaphragm type acceleration pump is used for increasing speed case\r\n\r\n(b) Carter carburettor:\r\n-downdraft type carburettor used in jeep\r\n-has triple venture diffusing type choke in which smallest lies above the level float chamber, other two below the petrol level, one below other.\r\n-multiple venturies result in better formation of the mixture at very low speeds causing steady and smooth operation at very low and high engine speed\r\n-mechanical metering method is used\r\n-choke valve is provided in the air circuit for cold starting\r\n-plunger type acceleration pump is used\r\n\r\n(c) S.U. carburettor:\r\n-constant air-fuel ratio is maintained due to vacuum depression\r\n-has only one jet\r\n-no separate idling jet or acceleration pump\r\n-constant high velocity air across the jet may avoid the use of idling jet\r\n-jet lever arrangement provides the rich mixture in cold starting\r\n-used in many British cars and Hindustan ambassador car\r\n\r\nDrawbacks of modern carburettor:\r\n-improper mixture proportion in multi-cylinder engine\r\n-loss of volumetric efficiency due to obstruction of flow of mixture from choke tubes, jets, throttle valve etc.\r\n-wear of carburettor parts\r\n-Freezing at low temperature\r\n-surging when carburettor is tilted or during acrobatics in aircraft\r\n-backfiring in fuel pipe line","headline":"Carburettor &#8211; Diagram , working , parts ,types","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/simple-carburettor-300x272.jpg","height":272,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/liquefied-petroleum-gas-lpg-as-a-fuel-for-ic-engines/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/lpg-propane-fule-feed-system-300x178.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/liquefied-petroleum-gas-lpg-as-a-fuel-for-ic-engines/">Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines
LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
-LPG is available in the market in two forms- one is propane and the other is butane. Propane is popular...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/liquefied-petroleum-gas-lpg-as-a-fuel-for-ic-engines/" aria-label="View Post: Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/liquefied-petroleum-gas-lpg-as-a-fuel-for-ic-engines\/","articleBody":"Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines\r\nLPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)\r\n-LPG is available in the market in two forms- one is propane and the other is butane. Propane is popular alternative fuel because of its infrastructure of pipe lines, processing facilities and storage for its efficient distribution and also it produces fewer emissions. Propane is produced as a byproduct of natural gas processing and crude oil refining\r\n\r\n-Natural gas contains LPG, water vapor and other impurities and about 55% of the LPG is compressed from natural gas purification. LPG is a simple mixture of hydrocarbon mainly propane\/propylene (C3S) and butane\/ butylenes (C4S)\r\n-Propane is an odorless, nonpoisonous gas which has lowest flammability range.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Performance Evolution of Domestic Refrigerator Using LPG Cylinder\r\n\r\nlpg propane fuel feed system\r\nUtilization of LPG\r\nLPG is used as a fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer\r\n-In Europe, LPG is used as an alternative to electricity and heating oil (kerosene).It can also be used as power source for combined heat and power technologies (CHP). CHP is the process of generating both electrical power and useful heat from a single fuel source. This technology has allowed LPG to be used not just as fuel for heating and cooking, but also for de-centralized generation of electricity\r\n-LPG has higher potential as an alternate fuel for IC engine.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of LPG\r\n-Emission is much reduced by the use of LPG.\r\n-LPG mixes with air at all temperatures.\r\n-Uniform mixture can be supplied to all cylinders of multi-cylinder engine.\r\n-Engine with high compression ratio (10:1) can use propane.\r\n-There is cost saving of about 50% and longer life with LPG running engine.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of LPG\r\n(i) A good cooling system is necessary because LPG vaporizer uses engine coolant to provide the heat to convert the liquid LPG to gas.\u00a0\r\n(ii) The weight of vehicle is increased due to the use of heavy pressure cylinder for storing LPG.\r\n(iii) A special fuel feed system is required for LPG.\r\n(iv) Requirement of safety device to prevent accident due to explosion of gas cylinders or leakage in the gas pipes.","headline":"Liquefied Petroleum Gas | LPG as a fuel For IC Engines","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lpg-propane-fule-feed-system-300x178.gif","height":178,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-extrusion-process-types-of-extrusion-process/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/forward-extrusion-300x175.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Extrusion Process | Types  Of Extrusion process</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-extrusion-process-types-of-extrusion-process/">What is Extrusion Process | Types  Of Extrusion process</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Extrusion Process | Types Of Extrusion process
What is Extrusion Process
Extrusion is a process in which the metal is subjected to plastic flow by enclosing the metal in a closed chamber in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-extrusion-process-types-of-extrusion-process/" aria-label="View Post: What is Extrusion Process | Types  Of Extrusion process">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Extrusion Process | Types  Of Extrusion process","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-extrusion-process-types-of-extrusion-process\/","articleBody":"What is Extrusion Process | Types Of Extrusion process\r\nWhat is Extrusion Process\r\nExtrusion is a process in which the metal is subjected to plastic flow by enclosing the metal in a closed chamber in which the only opening provided is through a die. The material is usually treated so that it can undergo plastic deformation at a sufficiently rapid rate and may be squeezed out of the hole in the die. In the process the metal assumes the opening provided in the die and comes out as a long strip with the same cross-section as the die-opening. Incidentally, the metal strip produced will have a longitudinal grain flow. The process of extrusion is most commonly used for the manufacture of solid and hollow sections of nonferrous metals and alloys e.g., aluminium, aluminium-magnesium alloys, magnesium and its alloys, copper, brass and bronze etc. However, some steel products are also made by extrusion. The stock or the material to be extruded is in the shape of cast ingots or billets. Extrusion may be done hot or cold. The cross-sections of extruded products vary widely.\r\n\r\nRead more :\u00a0Types Of Extrusion And Advantages of Extrusion\r\n\r\nSome advantages of extrusion process are described below:\r\n\u2022 The complexity and range of parts which can be produced by extrusion process is very large.\r\n\u2022 Dies are relative simple and easy to make.\r\n\u2022 The extrusion process is complete in one pass only. This is not so in case of rolling, amount of reduction in extrusion is very large indeed. Extrusion process can be easily automated.\r\n\u2022 Large diameter, hollow products, thin walled tubes etc. are easily produced by extrusion process.\r\n\u2022 Good surface finish and excellent dimensional and geometrical accuracy is the hall mark of extruded products. This cannot be matched by rolling.\r\n\r\nEXTRUSION PROCESSES\r\nExtrusion processes can be classified as followed:\r\n\r\n(A) Hot Extrusion\r\n(i) Forward or Direct extrusion.\r\n(ii) Backward or Indirect extrusion.\r\n\r\n(B) Cold Extrusion\r\n(i) Hooker extrusion.\r\n(ii) Hydrostatic extrusion.\r\n(iii) Impact extrusion.\r\n(iv) Cold extrusion forging.\r\nHot Extrusion Processes\r\n(i) Forward or direct extrusion process: \r\nIn this process, the material to be extruded is in the form of a block. It is heated to requisite temperature and then it is transferred inside a chamber as shown in Fig. In the front portion of the chamber, a die with an opening in the shape of the cross-section of the extruded product, is fitted. The block of material is pressed from behind by means of a ram and a follower pad. Since the chamber is closed on all sides, the heated material is forced to squeeze through the die-opening in the form of a long strip of the required cross-section\r\n\r\n forward extrusion\r\n\r\nThe process looks simple but the friction between the material and the chamber walls must be overcome by suitable lubrication. When extruding steel products, the high temperature to which the steel has to be heated makes it difficult to find a suitable lubricant. The problem is solved by using molten glass as a lubricant. When lower temperatures are used, a mixture of oil and graphite is used as a lubricant. At the end of the extrusion process, a small piece of metal is left behind in the chamber which cannot be extruded. This piece is called butt\u2014end scrap and is thrown away. To manufacture a tubular rod, a mandrel of diameter equal to that of tube\u2014bore is attached to the ram. This mandrel passes centrally through the die when the material is extruded. The outside diameter of the tube produced will be determined by the hole in the die and the bore of tube will be equal to mandrel diameter. The extrusion process will then called \u201ctubular extrusion\u201d.\r\nBackward or indirect extrusion: \r\nThis process is depicted in Figure. As shown, the block of heated metal is inserted into the container\/chamber. It is confined on all sides by the container walls except in front; where a ram with the die presses upon the material. As the ram presses backwards, the material has to flow forwards through the opening in the die. The ram is made hollow so that the bar of extruded metal may pass through it unhindered.\r\n\r\n background extrusion\r\n\r\nThis process is called backward extrusion process as the flow of material is in a direction opposite to the movement of the ram. In the forward extrusion process the flow of material and ram movement Were both in the same direction. The following table compares the forwards (direct) and backwards (Indirect extrusion process).\r\n\r\nCold Extrusion Processes\r\n\r\nHooker extrusion process: \r\n\r\nThis process is also known as extrusion down method. It is used for producing small thin walled seamless tubes of aluminium and copper. This is done in two stages. In the first stage the blank is converted into a cup shaped piece. In the second stage, the walls of the cup one thinned and it is elongated. The process can be understood by referring to Figure. This process is a direct extrusion process.\r\n\r\n hooker extrusion\r\n\r\nHydrostatic extrusion: \r\n\r\nThis is a direct extrusion process. But the pressure is applied to the metal blank on all sides through a fluid medium. The fluids commonly used are glycerine, ethyl glycol, mineral oils, castor oil mixed with alcohol etc. Very high pressures are used \u2013 1000 to 3000 MPa. Relatively brittle materials can also be successfully extruded by this method.\r\n\r\nImpact extrusion:\r\n\r\n In this process, which is shown in Figure the punch descends with high velocity and strikes in the centre of the blank which is placed in a die. The material deforms and fills up the annular space between the die and the punch flowing upwards. Before the use of laminated plastic for manufacturing tooth paste, shaving cream tubes etc., these collapsible tubes containing paste were and are still made by this process. Other examples of products made by impact extrusion are light fixtures, automotive parts, and small pressure vessels. Most nonferrous metals can be impact extruded in vertical presses and at production rates as high as two parts per second. This process is actually a backward extrusion process.\r\n\r\n impact extrusion\r\n\r\nCold extrusion forging:\r\n\r\n This process is depicted in Figure. This is generally similar to the impact extrusion process; but there are two differences: In this process the punch descends slowly. The height of extruded product is short and the side walls are much thicker than the thin walled products produced by the impact extrusion process. In essence, this process is one of backward extrusion.","headline":"What is Extrusion Process | Types  Of Extrusion process","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/forward-extrusion-300x175.jpg","height":175,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=108">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=107"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>107</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=108"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>108</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>109</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=110"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>110</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=111"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>111</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=110">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. Read more about this portal or Sachin Thorat click on below button!</p> <button onclick="window.location.href='//www.gunkrazy.com/about-me/';">READ MORE</button></div><section id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">Get Dialy Update On Email</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><form style="border:1px solid #ccc;padding:3px;text-align:center;" action="https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify" method="post" target="popupwindow" onsubmit="window.open('https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify?uri=mechenggnet', 'popupwindow', 'scrollbars=yes,width=550,height=520');return true"><p>Enter your email address:</p><p><input type="text" style="width:140px" name="email"/></p><input type="hidden" value="mechenggnet" name="uri"/><input type="hidden" name="loc" value="en_US"/><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" /><p>Delivered by <a href="https://feedburner.google.com" target="_blank">FeedBurner</a></p></form></div></section><section id="categories-5" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Menu</h2><ul><li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/automobile-engineering/">Automobile Engineering</a> (209)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-98"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Design Software</a> (110)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career in Mechanical</a> (57)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-101"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">Exam &#8211; GATE ,IES</a> (50)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-116"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/fabrication/">Fabrication Guide</a> (92)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-110"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/fluid-power-system/">Hydraulic and Pneumatic System</a> (59)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/production-management/">Industrial Engineering</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-102"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a> (23)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-99"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-design/">Machine Design</a> (106)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-117"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-tools/">Machine Shop</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/manufacturing-engineering/">Manufacturing Technology</a> (154)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-113"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/material-science/">Material Science</a> (42)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-97"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a> (652)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a> (85)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-107"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/automation-robotics/">Mechatronics</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-111"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/measurement-science/">Metrology and Instrumentation</a> (61)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/power-engineering/">Power Engineering</a> (38)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-project-list/">Project Lists</a> (73)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a> (139)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-105"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/theory-of-machine/">Theory Of Machine</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-104"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/thermodynamics/">Thermal Engineering</a> (129)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (1)</li></ul></section></aside></div></div><footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"><div class="inner-wrap footer-option-1"><div class="menu-footer-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-11367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-11350 current_page_item menu-item-11367"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-11368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11368"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/blog/">Blog</a></li><li id="menu-item-11370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11370"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/about-me/">About</a></li><li id="menu-item-11372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11372"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/contact-us/">Contact</a></li><li id="menu-item-11369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-11369"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li><li id="menu-item-11373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11373"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/terms-and-conditions_77/">Terms</a></li><li id="menu-item-11371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11371"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/advertise/">Advertise</a></li></ul></div><div class="site-info"> &copy; 2025 Copyright Learn Mechanical Engineering</div></div></footer></div> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_e1252650ea6bc63e5b6b533cf9f0380d.php?ver=1.4.1" id="income-school-js-js"></script> <!--noptimize--><script>!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();</script><!--/noptimize--><div style="display: none"></div></body></html>
<!--
Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/

Page Caching using Disk: Enhanced (Requested URI contains query) 

Served from: www.gunkrazy.com @ 2025-07-26 21:19:39 by W3 Total Cache
-->




