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advantages, Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/adhesive-bonding-process-advantages-applications/">Adhesive Bonding Process &#8211; advantages, Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Adhesive Bonding Process - advantages, Applications
What is Adhesive Bonding?
Adhesive bonding is a process of joining materials in which an adhesive (liquid or a semi solid state material) is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/adhesive-bonding-process-advantages-applications/" aria-label="View Post: Adhesive Bonding Process &#8211; advantages, Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Adhesive Bonding Process &#8211; advantages, Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/adhesive-bonding-process-advantages-applications\/","articleBody":"Adhesive Bonding Process - advantages, Applications\r\nWhat is Adhesive Bonding?\r\nAdhesive bonding is a process of joining materials in which an adhesive (liquid or a semi solid state material) is placed between the faying surfaces of the workpiece \/ parts (adherents) to be joined. Either heat or pressure or both are applied to get bonding. The detailed explanation on the steps followed to get an adhesive joint is given below.\r\nAdhesive Bonding Process Steps\u00a0\r\nThree essential steps are required to follow to make an adhesive joint including \r\n\r\n(a) preparation of the surfaces,\r\n\r\nThe workpiece surfaces are cleaned by chemical etching or mechanical abrasion. Grinding, filing, wire brushing, sanding and abrasive blasting are some of the mechanical cleaning methods. Next the prepared surfaces are tested by their affinity to be wetted by water. It is called water-break test. Smooth spread of water is an indication that the surface is chemically clean while the collection of droplets indicates the possibility of oil film in the surface.\r\n\r\n(b) application of the adhesive on to the mating surfaces, and\r\n\r\nAdhesives are applied on to the workpiece surface by hand brushing, spraying, roller casting, knife coating and dipping. They are also applied as sheet or tape type coating to the surface. The adhesive are either applied as one thick layer on one of the workpiece surface, or as a thin layer on surfaces of both the workpiece.\r\n\r\n(c) assembly of workpieces \/ parts and curing the joint.\r\n\r\nAfter the application of the adhesive, the workpieces are assembled and held together by means of clamps, tools, tack welds, or other fixtures. During the assembly process, sufficient care should be taken so that the open time of the adhesive is not exceeded, the parts are put together in the proper sequence, the bonding is performed under specified environmental conditions, and the parts are held together until cured.\r\n\r\nCuring the joint\u00a0\r\nCuring is the process during which an adhesive changes from a liquid state to solid. The curing of the adhesive is performed with pressure and either heat or addition of suitable catalyst. The pressure should always be uniformly distributed over the entire joint. The curing temperature, time and the pressure combinations for different adherents and adhesive combinations are given elsewhere.\r\n\r\nAdvantages and disadvantages of the adhesive bonded joints\r\n\r\nAdvantages of\u00a0\u00a0adhesive bonded joints\r\n\r\n \tFast and cheap joining technique\r\n \tThe adherents are not affected by heat\r\n \tUniform stress distribution\r\n \tPossibility to join large structures\r\n \tAbility to join different materials\r\n \tPossibility to join very thin adherents\r\n \tGas proof and liquid tight joints\r\n \tNo crevice corrosion\r\n \tNo contact corrosion\r\n \tGood damping properties\r\n \tHigh dynamic strength\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of the adhesive bonded joints\r\n\r\n \tLimited stability to heat\r\n \tHigh strength adhesives are often brittle\r\n \tLong term use may alter the properties\r\n \tCleaning and surface preparation of the adherents is necessary in many cases\r\n \tSpecific clamping devices are often required to fix the joint\r\n \t\u00a0Difficult disassembly of joined parts\r\n\r\n Applications of Adhesive Bonded Joints-honey comb Panel structure\r\n\r\nApplications of Adhesive Bonded Joints\r\n1. Bonding of metal to non-metals especially plastics is the major application of adhesive bonding.\r\n2. Used as an alternative to riveting for aircraft structures.\r\n3. Widely applicable in fastening of stiffeners to the aircraft skin and in assembling honeycomb structures in aircraft,\r\n4. Using extensively in the fabrication of aircraft internal structures and providing the smooth surface for supersonic planes.,\r\n5. Useful in automobile industry for attaching brake lining to shoes, automatic transmission bands, and stiffeners,\r\n6. Find applications in the fabrication of railway coaches, boats, refrigerators, storage tanks, and microwave reflectors for radar and space communications.","headline":"Adhesive Bonding Process &#8211; advantages, Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-03-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Applications-of-Adhesive-Bonded-Joints-300x242.jpg","height":242,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/chemical-machining-chemical-milling/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/chemical-machining-300x88.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Chemical Machining &#8211; Chemical Milling</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/chemical-machining-chemical-milling/">What is Chemical Machining &#8211; Chemical Milling</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Chemical Machining - Chemical Milling
Chemical Machining (CM)
Chemical machining (CM) was developed from the observation that chemicals attack and etch most metals, stones, and some...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/chemical-machining-chemical-milling/" aria-label="View Post: What is Chemical Machining &#8211; Chemical Milling">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Chemical Machining &#8211; Chemical Milling","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/chemical-machining-chemical-milling\/","articleBody":"What is Chemical Machining - Chemical Milling\r\nChemical Machining (CM)\r\nChemical machining (CM) was developed from the observation that chemicals attack and etch most metals, stones, and some ceramics, thereby removing small\r\namounts of material from the surface. The CM process is carried out by chemical dissolution using reagents or etchants, such as acids and alkaline solutions.\r\nChemical machining is the oldest of the advanced machining processes and has been used in engraving metals and hard stones, in deburring, and in the production of printed-circuit boards and microelectronic devices.\r\n\r\nIntroduction\r\nChemical machining (CM) is the controlled dissolution of workpiece material (etching) by\u00a0 means of a strong chemical reagent (etchant). In CM material is removed from selected areas of workpiece by immersing it in a chemical reagents or etchants; such as acids and alkaline solutions. Material is removed by microscopic electrochemical cell action, as occurs in corrosion or chemical dissolution of a metal. This controlled chemical dissolution will simultaneously etch all exposed surfaces even though the penetration rates of the material removal may be only 0.0025\u20130.1 mm\/min. The basic process takes many forms: chemical\r\nmilling of pockets, contours, overall metal removal, chemical blanking for etching through thin sheets; photochemical machining (pcm) for etching by using of photosensitive resists in microelectronics; chemical or electrochemical polishing where weak chemical reagents are used (sometimes with remote electric assist) for polishing or deburring and chemical jet machining where a single chemically active jet is used. A schematic of chemical machining process is shown in\r\n\r\nChemical milling\r\nIn chemical milling, shallow cavities are produced on plates, sheets, forgings and extrusions. The two key materials used in chemical milling process are etchant and maskant. Etchants are acid or alkaline solutions maintained within controlled ranges of chemical composition and temperature. Maskants are specially designed elastomeric products that are hand strippable and chemically resistant to the harsh etchants.\r\n\r\nchemical machining\r\n\r\nSteps in chemical milling\r\n\u00b7 Residual stress relieving: If the part to be machined has residual stresses from the previous processing, these stresses first should be relieved in order to prevent warping after chemical milling.\r\n\u00b7 Preparing: The surfaces are degreased and cleaned thoroughly to ensure both good adhesion of the masking material and the uniform material removal.\r\n\u00b7 Masking: Masking material is applied (coating or protecting areas not to be etched).\r\n\u00b7 Etching: The exposed surfaces are machined chemically with etchants.\r\n\u00b7 Demasking: After machining, the parts should be washed thoroughly to prevent further reactions with or exposure to any etchant residues. Then the rest of the\r\nmasking material is removed and the part is cleaned and inspected.\r\n\r\nApplication Of Chemical Milling :\u00a0\r\n\r\nChemical milling is used in the aerospace industry to remove shallow layers of material from large aircraft components, missile skin panels , and\r\nextruded parts for airframes. Tank capacities for reagents are as large as 3.7 &gt;&lt; 15 m. The process is also used to fabricate microelectronic devices and often is referred to as Wet etching for these products (see Section 28.8.1). The ranges of surface finish and tolerance obtained by chemical machining and other machining\r\nprocesses .\r\nSome surface damage may result from chemical milling because of preferential etching and intergmnular attack, which adversely affect surface properties. The\r\nchemical milling of welded and brazed structures may result in uneven material removal. The chemical milling of castings may result in uneven surfaces caused by\r\nporosity in, and nonuniformity of, the material.","headline":"What is Chemical Machining &#8211; Chemical Milling","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-03-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/chemical-machining-300x88.jpg","height":88,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/turret-punch-construction-working-turret-punch-presses/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/turrent-punch-presses-300x200.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Turret punch &#8211; Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/turret-punch-construction-working-turret-punch-presses/">Turret punch &#8211; Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Turret punch - Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses
Introduction To Sheet Metal Stamping Presses :  Punching, and press work in general, is a process well suited to mass production....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/turret-punch-construction-working-turret-punch-presses/" aria-label="View Post: Turret punch &#8211; Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Turret punch &#8211; Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/turret-punch-construction-working-turret-punch-presses\/","articleBody":"Turret punch - Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses\r\nIntroduction To Sheet Metal Stamping Presses :\r\n\r\nPunching, and press work in general, is a process well suited to mass production. However the initial tooling costs, of both the machine and the job-specific press tool, are high. This limits punch work from being used for much small-volume and prototype work. A turret punch is one way of addressing this cost. The tooling of a turret punch uses a large number of standard punch tools: holes of varying sizes, straight edges, commonly-used notches or mounting holes. By using a large number of strokes, with several different tools in turn, a turret press may make a wide variety of parts without having to first make a specialised press tool for that task. This saves both time and money, allowing rapid prototyping or for low volume production to start without tooling delays.\r\n\r\nPresses used in piercing are the same as those used in other press working operations. Open back gap-frame presses of the fixed upright, fixed inclined, or inclinable type are common. The stock can be fed from the side with minimal interference from the press frame, and the parts can be removed from the front by the operator or\r\nejected out the back by gravity or air jets.\r\nAdjustable-bed or horn presses are used for piercing holes in tubing and in the sides of drawn or formed shells and boxes. Adjustable-bed and gap-frame presses are generally rated at capacities of less than 1.8 MN (200 tonf). Straight-side presses are commonly used for compound-die and progressive-die operations. Increased accuracy, speed, and stability are required for these operations.\r\n\r\nTurret Punches Construction\u00a0 :\r\n\r\nThe turret punch press is a special machine in which the punches and dies are mounted in\u00a0synchronized indexing tables. Several sets of punches and dies are mounted in the table, which can be manually or automatically indexed into operating position. A flat blank is pierced and notched in a turret punch press by positioning it under the operating punch and tripping the punching mechanism. The blank is secured to a free-floating table on which a template containing the hole pattern is also attached. Each hole size and shape is coded so that all such holes can be pierced before indexing a new punch and die set under the press ram. The table is moved so that a pin will drop into a hole in the template; this places the blank in the proper position for piercing a hole. After the holes of one size and shape have been pierced, a new punch and die are indexed into operating position, and piercing continues in this manner until the part is finished. Almost any size or shape of hole can be pierced, within the capacity of the machine.\r\n\r\nA typical CNC turret punch has a choice of up to 60 tools in a \"turret\" that can be rotated to bring any tool to the punching position. A simple shape (e.g., a square, circle, or hexagon) is cut directly from the sheet. A complex shape can be cut out by making many square or rounded cuts around the perimeter. As a press tool requires a matching punch and die set, there are two corresponding turrets, above and below the bed, for punch and die. These two turrets must rotate in precise synchronisation and with their alignment carefully maintained. Several punches of identical shape may be used in the turret, each one turned to a different angle, as there is usually no feature to rotate the sheet workpiece relative to the tool.\r\n\r\nturret punch presses\r\n\r\nTurret Presses Operation:\u00a0\r\n\r\nTurret punch presses can be programmed for tape control for increased production. Turret movement can also be controlled semi automatically or automatically on numerical control or computer numerical control (CNC) punch presses. A closed-loop direct or alternating current drive connected to both the upper and\r\nlower turret assemblies provides the automatic turret with either unidirectional or bidirectional movement. Selected CNC presses even offer\r\nan optimization feature that automatically determines the most efficient and most cost effective punching sequence for a specific workpiece.\r\n\r\nThe precise load-out of tools may change according to a particular job's needs. The CAD stage is also optimised for turret punching: an operation such as rounding a corner may be much quicker with a single chamfered cut than a fully rounded corner requiring several strokes. Changing an unimportant dimension such as the width of a ventilation slot may match an available tool, requiring a single cut, rather than cutting each side separately. CAD support may also manage the selection of tools to be loaded into the turret before starting work.\r\n\r\nAs each tool in a turret press is relatively small, the press requires little power compared to a press manufacturing similar parts with a single press stroke. This allows the tool to be lighter and sometimes cheaper, although this is offset by the increased complexity of the turret and sheet positioning. Turret punches can operate faster per stroke than a heavier tool press, although of course many strokes are required. A turret punch can achieve 600 strokes per minute.\r\n\r\nThe most sophisticated recent machines may also add facilities for forming and bending, as well as punch cutting.Although unlikely to replace a press brake for box making, the ability to form even small lugs may turn a two machine process into a one machine process, reducing materials handling time.\r\n\r\nA punch is less flexible than a laser for cutting compound shapes, but faster for repetitive shapes (for example, the grille of an air-conditioning unit). Some units combine both laser and punch features in one machine.","headline":"Turret punch &#8211; Construction and Working Of Turret Punch presses","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-03-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/turrent-punch-presses-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/spiral-binding-punching-machine-diploma-mechanical-projects/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/SPIRAL-BINDING-PUNCHING-MACHINE-MECHANICAL-PROJECT-300x293.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Spiral binding punching machine &#8211; Diploma Mechanical Projects</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/spiral-binding-punching-machine-diploma-mechanical-projects/">Spiral binding punching machine &#8211; Diploma Mechanical Projects</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Spiral binding Punching Machine - Diploma Mechanical Projects
ABSTRACT
Spiral binding punching machine is a portable multi-punch machine to punch holes in a bunch of papers with the help of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/spiral-binding-punching-machine-diploma-mechanical-projects/" aria-label="View Post: Spiral binding punching machine &#8211; Diploma Mechanical Projects">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Spiral binding punching machine &#8211; Diploma Mechanical Projects","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/spiral-binding-punching-machine-diploma-mechanical-projects\/","articleBody":"Spiral binding Punching Machine - Diploma Mechanical Projects\r\nABSTRACT\r\nSpiral binding punching machine is a portable multi-punch machine to punch holes in a bunch of papers with the help of manually operated lever. This machine is designed to punch holes for spiral binding of the A4 size documents (papers). The punching machine consist of series of slender punches, penetrates in die holes and bunch of papers are placed between the fixed stripper plate and die, and hole are punched at its prerequisites position by the application of force manually applied force with the help of a lever. The punches together are mechanized by connecting links providing mechanical advantage to the manually applied load. The main features of this machine are portable in size, easy in operation and maintenance and economical in cost. Design, working drawing with specification and animation of machine assembly is checked and tested in SOLIDWORKS drafting and designing software to increase in productivity in design, after design manufacturing and final testing of the actual working of the all the assembled parts. Finally, selecting and working on this project provides us as a diploma engineering student, an opportunity and vision to accomplish more bigger tasks in machine tool industry, technical know-how of designing and manufacturing, cost estimation, and putting a cost effective, durable, easily maintainable product in today\u2019s competitive market.\r\n\r\nSPIRAL BINDING PUNCHING MACHINE MECHANICAL PROJECT\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nSpiral binding machines are easy to use, compact, affordable and perfect for any spiral book binding project. Bind documents or business proposals by using a spiral binding machine and spiral coil binding machine supplies.\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n \tPaper punch and paper drill are machines for drilling holes through large stack of paper or punching holes in small stack or few sheets.\r\n \tThe different lies in the process that is use to achieve the result.\r\n \tPaper drills are powered by motor can handle large stack of paper.\r\n \tPaper punch are manual device for putting holes in smaller quantity of paper and physical smaller in size.\r\n \tCustom hole punches can be designed for your specific requirement.\r\n\r\nLimitation:\r\n\r\n \tIt can punch only 39 holes.\r\n \tIt cannot cut metal sheet.\r\n \tIt required high load for punching on paper.\r\n \tIt can punch only medium quantity of paper.\r\n\r\nApplications\r\n\r\n \tPaper punch machine equipment handle large document heavy punching load and feature convenient auto capabilities to prevent jams.\r\n \tA semi-automatic electrics paper punch are heavy duty paper punch machine can handle other documents of many different project.\r\n \tElectric hole punches machines and paper punch machine offer to ability to change the patterns designed with unparalleled efficiency the electric punch machine feature another changeable die modules.\r\n \tPresent patents pending hand operator hole punch machine are used to punch holes through the paper sheets or sketch of sheets to keep all punched sheets. Field in well-arranged manner. It is manner necessary that all the sheets have holes at the same location.\r\n\r\nConclusion:\r\nOn going process to complete the spiral binding punching machine project the main advantage of this project is it can punch 39 hole for max 15 papers without using electricity.Main conclusion about this project conclusion is very less human effort is required,we are trying our best to manufacture the punch machine and it can be further improved by introducing automatic punch machine which is programmed &amp;handle easily. The main things we learnt from this project is understanding the concept of design, tooling, designing software like creo, chart making, estimating and costing, manufacturing etc.","headline":"Spiral binding punching machine &#8211; Diploma Mechanical Projects","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-03-05","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/SPIRAL-BINDING-PUNCHING-MACHINE-MECHANICAL-PROJECT-300x293.jpg","height":293,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-magneto-rheological-braking-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/design-of-mr-fluid-braking-system-247x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-magneto-rheological-braking-system/">Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system - Mechanical Project 
Abstract:  The aim of this project work is to develop a magneto-rheological brake (MRB) system that has...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-magneto-rheological-braking-system/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-fabrication-magneto-rheological-braking-system\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system - Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\nAbstract: \r\n\r\nThe aim of this project work is to develop a magneto-rheological brake (MRB) system that has performance advantages over the conventional hydraulic brake system. The proposed brake system consists of rotating disks immersed in a MR fluid and enclosed in an electromagnet, which the yield stress of the fluid varies as a function of the magnetic field applied by the electromagnet. The controllable yield stress causes friction on the rotating disk surfaces, thus generating a retarding brake torque. The braking torque can be precisely controlled by changing the current applied to the electromagnet. In this paper, an optimum MRB design with two rotating disks is proposed based on a design optimization procedure using simulated annealing combined with finite element simulations involving magneto static, fluid flow and heat transfer analysis. The performance of the MRB in a vehicle was studied using a quarter vehicle model. A sliding mode controller was designed for an optimal wheel slip control, and the control simulation results show fast anti-lock braking.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nIn this project, we propose a MR actuator for the brake in each wheel. The actuator consists of a rotating disk immersed in a MR fluid, enclosed in an electromagnet. In principle, the brake torque can be controlled by changing the\u00a0DC current applied to the electromagnet. Magneto rheological fluid \u2013 compound containing fine iron particles stiffens in the presence of a magnetic field. Two important characteristics of MR fluids are: (i) they exhibit linear response, i.e., the increase in stiffness is directly proportional to the strength of the applied magnetic field and (ii) they provide fast response, i.e., MR fluid changes from a fluid state to a near-solid state within milliseconds of exposing a magnetic field. CHB systems exhibit about 200\u2013300 ms of delay between the time the brake pedal is pressed by the driver and the corresponding brake response is observed at the wheels due to pressure build-up within the hydraulic lines. An electric brake system has the potential to drastically reduce this time delay, consequently bringing a reduction in braking distance.\r\n\r\nMAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FULID\r\nImagine some materials have the ability to change shape or size simply by adding a little bit of heat, or to change from a liquid to a solid almost instantly when near a magnet; these materials called smart materials. Smart materials have one or more properties that can be dramatically altered. Most everyday materials have physical properties, which cannot be significantly altered; for example if oil is heated it will become a little thinner, whereas a smart material with variable may turn from a liquid state which flows easily to a solid. Each individual type of smart material has a different property which can be significantly altered, such as viscosity, volume\u00a0or conductivity. The rheological properties of fluid change when a magnetic field is applied across it. When in normal conditions the MR fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid, but when magnetic field is applied across it the viscosity of the fluid changes and it shows semisolid like a characteristic.\r\n\r\nComponents of MR Fluid\r\n\u2022 Iron Particle: micron or nano size\r\n\u2022 Carrier fluids: synthetic oil, silicone or water\r\n\u2022 Binder Material (to prevent the iron particles from settling down): special grease\r\n\r\nMAGNETO REHOLOGICAL BRAKING SYSTEM\r\nThe automotive industry has a commitment to build safer, cheaper and better performing vehicles. For example, the recently introduced drive by wire technology has been shown to improve the existing mechanical systems in automobiles. In other words, the traditional mechanical systems are being replaced by improved electromechanical systems that are able to do the same tasks faster, more reliably and more accurately. The proposed brake is a magneto rheological brake (MRB) that potentially has some performance advantages over conventional hydraulic brake (CHB) systems. A CHB system involves the brake pedal, hydraulic fluid; transfer lines and brake actuators (e.g. disk or drum brakes). When the driver presses on the brake pedal, the master cylinder provides the pressure in the brake actuators that squeeze the brake pads onto the rotors, generating the useful friction forces (thus the braking torque) to stop a vehicle. [2]However, the CHB has a number limitations, including,\r\n\r\n(i) delayed response time (200\u2013300 ms) due to pressure build up in the hydraulic lines,\r\n\r\n(ii) bulky size and heavy weight due to its auxiliary hydraulic components such as the master cylinder,\r\n\r\n(iii) brake pad wear due to its frictional braking mechanism, and\r\n\r\n(iv) low braking performance in high speed and high temperature situations. The MR brake operates in a direct-shear mode, shearing the MR fluid filling the gap between the two surfaces (housing and rotor) moving with respect to one another. Rotor is fixed to the shaft, which is placed in bearings and can rotate in relation to housing. Resistance torque in the MR brake depends on viscosity of the MR fluid that can be changed by magnetic field. MR brake allows for continuous control of torque. When there is no magnetic field the torque is caused by viscosity of carrier liquid, bearings and seals.\r\n\r\ndesign of mr fluid braking system\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE \r\n\r\nMR Braking System consists of rotor fixed to the shaft, which is placed in bearings and can rotate in relation to housing. Wires allow supplying electric current to the coil. Between rotor and housing there is a gap filled with MR fluid. Construction of the brake and location of the coil makes the gap to be in the magnetic field generated by the coil. MR fluid being in the brake is suspension of magnetic particles in the liquid (water, oil or some other kind of liquid). Magnetic particles are dissipated in the liquid when field strength is equal to zero but when the field strength is grater then zero particles are magnetized, they gather in chains and make liquid flow through them to be difficult. Operation of MR brake is based on the effect. MR fluid changes viscosity when it is in magnetic field. Shows MR fluid in the gap during working in clutch (direct-sheer) mode, when there is magnetic field applied. This kind of working takes place in the brake.\r\n\r\nSee More Projects:\u00a0500+ Mechanical Engineering Projects 2017 | List | Ideas | Report Download\r\n\r\nAuthors\u00a0Sridhar.V, 2 Subash Chandra Bose B, 3 Syed Ibrahim S, and 4 Vijay S Guided By \u2013 Assistant professor Mr.Sachin S Raj\r\nGnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India\r\n\r\nReference and Download :\u00a0\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.internationaljournalssrg.org\/IJME\/2017\/Special-Issues\/ICETM\/IJME-ICETM-P112.pdf","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Magneto-Rheological Braking system","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-03-05","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/design-of-mr-fluid-braking-system-247x300.jpg","height":300,"width":247},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electronic-ignition-system-types-advantages-eis/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Electronic-Ignition-System-300x152.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Electronic Ignition System &#8211; types, Advantages of EIS</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electronic-ignition-system-types-advantages-eis/">Electronic Ignition System &#8211; types, Advantages of EIS</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Electronic Ignition System - types, Advantages of EIS
Introduction:   Although the conventional mechanical contact breaker point type electrical ignition system has been very common in use...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electronic-ignition-system-types-advantages-eis/" aria-label="View Post: Electronic Ignition System &#8211; types, Advantages of EIS">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Electronic Ignition System &#8211; types, Advantages of EIS","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electronic-ignition-system-types-advantages-eis\/","articleBody":"Electronic Ignition System - types, Advantages of EIS\r\nIntroduction:\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0Although the conventional mechanical contact breaker point type electrical ignition system has been very common in use because of its simplicity, yet due to its drawbacks and limitations the same is being fast replaced by the electronic ignition system.\r\n \tBy the early 1970s, most automotive engines using a contact-point distributor could not meet exhaust-emission standards.\r\n \tContact points cannot do this. They burn and wear during normal operation.\r\n \tThis changes the point gap, which changes ignition timing and reduces spark energy, thus necessitating their servicing and resetting at smaller periods.\r\n\r\nTYPES OF ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM\r\nElectronic Ignition System is as follow :\r\n(a) Capacitance Discharge Ignition system\r\n(b) Transistorized system\r\n(c) Piezo-electric Ignition system\r\n(d) The Texaco Ignition system\r\n\r\nCapacitance Discharge Ignition System\r\nIt mainly consists of 6-12 V battery, ignition switch, DC to DC convertor, charging resistance, tank capacitor, Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), SCR-triggering device, step up transformer, spark plugs. A 6-12 volt battery is connected to DC to DC converter i.e. power circuit through the ignition switch, which is designed to give or increase the voltage to 250-350 volts. This high voltage is used to charge the tank capacitor (or condenser) to this voltage through the charging resistance. The charging resistance is also so designed that it controls the required current in the SCR.\r\n\r\nElectronic Ignition System\r\n\r\nDepending upon the engine firing order, whenever the SCR triggering device, sends a pulse, then the current flowing through the primary winding is stopped.\r\nAnd the magnetic field begins to collapse. This collapsing magnetic field will induce or step up high voltage current in the secondary, which while jumping the\r\nspark plug gap produces the spark, and the charge of air fuel mixture is ignited.\r\n\r\nPiezo-electric Ignition System\r\nThe development of synthetic piezo-electric materials producing about 22 kV by mechanical loading of a small crystal resulted in some ignition systems for single cylinder engines. But due to difficulties of high mechanical loading need of the order of 500 kg timely control and ability to produce sufficient voltage, these systems have not been able to come up.\r\n\r\nThe Texaco Ignition System\r\nDue to the increased emphasis on exhaust emission control, there has been a sudden interest in exhaust gas recirculation systems and lean fuel-air mixtures.\r\nTo avoid the problems of burning of lean mixtures, the Texaco Ignition system has been developed. It provides a spark of controlled duration which means that the\r\nspark duration in crank angle degrees can be made constant at all engine speeds. It is a AC system. This system consists of three basic units, a power unit, a control\r\nunit and a distributor sensor.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES OF ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM\r\n\r\nFollowing are the advantages of electronic ignition system :\r\n(a) Moving parts are absent-so no maintenance.\r\n(b) Contact breaker points are absent-so no arcing.\r\n(c) Spark plug life increases by 50% and they can be used for about 60000 km without any problem.\r\n(d) Better combustion in combustion chamber, about 90-95% of air fuel mixture is burnt compared with 70-75% with conventional ignition system.\r\n(e) More power output.\r\n(f) More fuel efficiency.","headline":"Electronic Ignition System &#8211; types, Advantages of EIS","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-03-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Electronic-Ignition-System-300x152.jpg","height":152,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=202">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=201"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>201</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=202"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>202</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>203</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=204"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>204</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=205"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>205</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=204">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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