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class="excerpt"><p>Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element Method  Abstract
The three dimensional model of them wheel was designed using CATIA. Then the IGES format 3D model was imported into ANSYS. In...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-analysis-of-wheel-rim-using/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element Method">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element Method","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-analysis-of-wheel-rim-using\/","articleBody":"Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element Method\r\n\r\nAbstract\r\nThe three dimensional model of them wheel was designed using CATIA. Then the IGES format 3D model was imported into ANSYS. In the present work a detailed static analysis - displacement, maximum and minimum vonmises stresses and fatigue analysis of wheel rim under radial loads has been done. The application of finite element method for analyzing stress distribution and fatigue life of wheel rim was summarized.\r\n\r\nIntroduction\r\nThe rim of a wheel is the outer circular design of the metal on which the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automobiles. Analysis of wheel rim made with materials like alluminium alloy, steel alloy, forged steel and magnesium alloy is done for fatigue strength. The finite element method is a powerful tool or the numerical procedure to obtain solutions to many of the\u00a0problems encountered in engineering analysis. In this method of analysis, a complex region defining a continuum is discretized into simple geometric shapes called finite elements.The domain over\u00a0which the analysis is studied is divided into a number of finite elements.\r\nThe material properties and the governing relationship are considered over these elements and expressed in terms of unknown values at element corner.\r\nIn the static analysis of wheel rim constraints will be applied on the circumference of the rim.\r\nFatigue analysis is done in MSC fatigue software, uses stress or strain results from finite element (FE) models. Usage of MSC fatigue brings fatigue analysis up front in the design-to-manufacturing process and creates an MCAE environment for integrated durability management.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAnalysis of wheel rim\r\nAnalysis detailed static analysis -displacement, maximum and minimum vonmises stresses and\u00a0fatigue analysis of wheel rim under radial loads,. We have consider the stell,aluminum alloy and magnesium,forged steel for analysis the analysis following steps\r\n\r\n\r\n \tMaterial properties\r\n \tModel of the whell rim\r\n \tImporting the model\r\n \tBoundary conditions and Loading\r\n \tApplication of load\r\n\r\n\r\nMaterial properties\r\nSteel alloy:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tYoung\u2019s modulus (E) =2.34*105 N\/mm2\r\n \tYield stress=240 N\/mm2\r\n \tDensity =7800kg\/m3\r\n\r\n\r\nAluminum alloy:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tYoung\u2019s modulus (E) =72000 N\/mm2\r\n \tYield stress=160 N\/mm2\r\n \tDensity =2800kg\/m3\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nModel of wheel rim\r\nSOLID45 is used for the 3-D modeling of solid structures. The element is defined by eight nodes\u00a0having three degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDesign and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element Method\r\n\r\n\r\nOuter diameter-450 mm\r\nHub hole diameter-150 mm\r\nBolt hole diameter-20 mm\r\nRim width-254 mm\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nConclusion\r\nIn steel alloy the number of cycles to failure is greater than Aluminium alloy, Magnesium alloy and\u00a0Forged steel. Hence Steel alloy is more feasible to be used in wheel rim than other materials. Further\u00a0optimization of material thickness to reduce the material consumption can be done and we can\u00a0improve life of component by using advanced fatigue strain life approach.\r\n\r\n\r\nReference\/Download\u00a0\r\nhttp:\/\/www.ijert.org\/download\/7525\/analysis-of-wheel-rim-using-finite-element-method","headline":"Design and Analysis of Wheel Rim Using Finite Element Method","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-10-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/DesignandAnalysisofWheelRimUsingFiniteElementMethod-300x245.jpg","height":245,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/modern-mirror-cutting-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ModernMirrorCuttingMachine-300x178.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Modern Mirror Cutting Machine &#8211; Mechanical Project 2017</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/modern-mirror-cutting-machine/">Modern Mirror Cutting Machine &#8211; Mechanical Project 2017</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Modern Mirror Cutting Machine - Mechanical Project 2017  SYNOPSIS            Our project work, mirror cutting Machining (MCM) presents the working of abrasive jet machining and removing...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/modern-mirror-cutting-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Modern Mirror Cutting Machine &#8211; Mechanical Project 2017">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Modern Mirror Cutting Machine &#8211; Mechanical Project 2017","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/modern-mirror-cutting-machine\/","articleBody":"Modern Mirror Cutting Machine - Mechanical Project 2017\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Our project work, mirror cutting Machining (MCM) presents the working of abrasive jet machining and removing materials from the brittle and heat sensitive materials by the application of high speed stream of abrasive particles carried by a gas medium through the nozzle. In particular drilling of holes of minimum diameter and maximum depth is also possible in MCM with greater accuracy and surface finish.\u00a0 Since no heat is induced while machining the surface, the workplace is not subjected to thermalshocks.\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Mirror cutting machining apparatus can be used for determining the material removal rate (MRR) for materials like glass, ceramics and aluminium sheet by varying the parameters like pressure, nozzle tip distance (NTD) and size of abrasive flow rate. In this project we have designed and fabricated the Abrasive jet machining apparatus for drilling holes and cutting glass, ceramic plates and aluminium sheet.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Rapid technology development in the field of new materials and alloys with increasing strength, hardness, toughness, heat resistance and wear resistance have imposed many problems and difficulties during the machining by conventional means.\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Machining intricate and complicated shapes of this and fragile components and accurate and economical forming of very hard, high strength materials which are being extensively used in Aeroplane and nuclear industries have forced the scientist, engineers and technologists to search for new techniques of machining which can readily provide an effective solution to these problems.\r\nAs a research and development for the last forty years several new methods of machining have emerged.\u00a0 Among the new methods we are going to deal with the Abrasive Jet Machining. The conventional techniques like turning, drilling, milling etc., are well known and involves the use of mechanical power between the workpiece and the tool whereas in this method need not be the case with unconventional on advanced machining techniques.\r\n\r\nModern Mirror Cutting Machine\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Mirror cutting machining (MCM) removes material through the action of a focussed stream of abrasive-ladden gas.\u00a0 Micro-abrasive particles are propelled by inert gas at velocities of upto 300 m\/sec.\u00a0 When directed at a workpiecs, the result in erosion can be used for cutting, etching, cleaning, deburring, polishing, and drilling.\r\n\r\nMaterial removal occurs through a chipping action, which is especially effective on hard, brittle materials such as glass, silicon, tungsten, and ceramics.\u00a0 Soft, resilient materials, such as rubber and some plastics resist the chipping action and thus are not effectively processed by MCM.\r\nNo work piece chatter or vibration occurs with this process because the large enables MCM to produce fine, intricate detail extremely brittle objects.\u00a0 The MCM processed eggshell provides a graphic example of the delicate nature of the process.\u00a0 In addition because heat carried away by the abrasive propellant gas, workpieces experience no thermal damage.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\nThe manufacturer prepares a reusable rubber stencil for each model panel.\u00a0 The rubber stencil is then placed on the surface of the panel and the abrasive jet is used to etch the exposed areas providing permanent marking.\u00a0 In this particular use, the Abrasive Jet Machining (MCM) costs only 1\/3 of cost required for label method of production.\r\n1. Variety of diverse jobs has been successfully performed by MCM.\u00a0 These include cutting threads into glass rods, deflashing small castings, die and mound touch up, cutting titanium fink and drilling glass wafers.\r\n2. The MCM has been successfully employed to manufacture small electronic devices consisting of a 0.38 tungsten disk.\u00a0 After the two materials were were brazed together.\u00a0 The silicon wafer must be trimmed and beveled without harming the tungsten disk.\u00a0 To accomplish the task an MCM nozzle is mounted at the desired angle and directed at slowly rotating part with this technique the unwanted silicon is trimmed off each part in less than one minute.\r\n3. An example of debburing plastic parts with MCM is cited by Lacourte (1979) in an application involving the manufacture of small biomedical analysis packages.\u00a0 Small plastic cubes are cross drilled with two 0.34mm diameter holes.\u00a0 Tiny burrs are created internally at the intersection of the two holes must be removed without providing scratches.\u00a0 It is not only able to meet this difficult quality requirement, but it also was able to reduce deburring time by 80% when compared with the old method of deburring.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n1. MCM provides cool cutting action, no heat damage occurs to the delicate work materials.\r\n2. Cutting action is shockless.\r\n3. Ability to cut fragile and heat sensitive materials without damage.\r\n4. Ability to cut intricate hole shapes in materials of any hardness and brittleness.\r\n5. No variation due to surface irregularities and tool wear as in conventional machining.\r\n6. Low capital cost.\r\n7. MCM units are easy to operate and maintain.\r\n\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n1. Stray cutting is unavoidable if not properly controlled.\r\n2. MCM yields low material removal rates.\r\n3. Nozzle life is limited.\r\n4. Replacement of rubber hoses which carry abrasives may be necessary.\r\n5. A suitable dust collection system is required to prevent pollution.\r\n6. Embedding of the abrasive in the workpiece surface may occur while machining softer materials.","headline":"Modern Mirror Cutting Machine &#8211; Mechanical Project 2017","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-10-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/ModernMirrorCuttingMachine-300x178.jpg","height":178,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/lessons-from-the-corporate-world/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/keep-calm-and-keep-moving-forward-1-267x300-267x300-267x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to 30 Essential Lessons for the New To the Corporate World</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/lessons-from-the-corporate-world/">30 Essential Lessons for the New To the Corporate World</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p> 30 Essential Lessons/Rules for the New To the Corporate World
lessons you have learned in the corporate world?
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="267"] Lessons /rules in the corporate...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/lessons-from-the-corporate-world/" aria-label="View Post: 30 Essential Lessons for the New To the Corporate World">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"30 Essential Lessons for the New To the Corporate World","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/lessons-from-the-corporate-world\/","articleBody":"\u00a030 Essential Lessons\/Rules for the New To the Corporate World\r\nlessons you have learned in the corporate world?\r\nLessons \/rules in the corporate world\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tNever be the smartest person in the room\r\n \tDon't hire employees or friends.\u00a0 Hire people who believe in the vision and want to partner because it makes them feel alive to be apart of something bigger than them or us.\r\n \tMake your weakness your strength.\r\n \tShow some originality-Don\u2019t just be about work and home. Get some hobbies if you don\u2019t have them. Talk about your interests, Create a well rounded brand. People should know you as capable and qualified in your position, but also interesting and enjoyable to talk to.\r\n \tNobody\u2019s perfect, even corporations-Big corporations are run by people and people are not perfect. Those at the top are dealing with many heavy burdens. When it does not violate your personal values or morals, do everything you can to support their latest initiatives. Be a team player. If you don\u2019t understand, ask for help and give people the benefit of the doubt.\r\n \tBe nice to people on the way up Or it is real shitty on the way down\r\n \tTrain another to do your job In the months you look to move forward\r\n \tYou need to care about your own career, management doesn't give a shit about your growth.\r\n \t\u00a0Listen carefully, then communicate confidently and persuasively.\r\n \tBeing a senior, always help others. Train your subordinates well. Feed them with your maximum knowledge, encourage them, cheer them and eventually when they make breakthroughs, celebrate with them. The best thing you can give to a person is your knowledge.\r\n \tLeaving your comfort zone is essential, but do not settle in there. One day your challenging zone will become comfort again. Seek for another one. Believe me it makes your career more interesting.\r\n \tUnless you ask, you ain\u2019t getting anything.\r\n \tLearn to say NO: Do not be a people-pleaser by saying yes to everything.\r\n \tBe careful of your tone of voice when communicating things. People pay more attention to your tone of voice than your content.\r\n \tDo not hide your ideas. Your idea could turn into even an bigger and better idea with more vetting and discussion.\r\n \tDo not make assumptions.\r\n \tYou\u2019ll find a guy in every office who keeps bitching about everyone. Find that guy. And stay a mile AWAY from that guy.\r\n \tYou are a technical guy or a non-technical, you must have a good knowledge of your domain. Else you\u2019ll be just an another guy.\r\n \tDon\u2019t tell you know everything.Don\u2019t tell everything you know.\r\n \tStay hungry. Keep learning. The only thing that stays.\r\n \tYou spent most of your time of a day\/month\/year in the office so find some good friends and a comfortable chair.\r\n \tStay calm. Don't be bitter to your colleagues in office otherwise, you'll hate going to that place every day.\r\n \tAss lickers are most successful : No matter how (Einstein)ish you are in your job, you have to know the art of \u2018buttering\u2019. 80% survive by \u2018licking\u2019 and 20% by working really hard. These 20% feed other 80% also!\r\n \tNever ever speak about your salary : It is the greatest mistake to discuss salary in office. You may not get a raise but may get many \u2018eyes raised\u2019 on you!\r\n \tInitiate- Initiate as much as possible. Throw ideas and take charge to implement them. When your boss asks your team on who wants to take the initiative, raise your hand. People like enthusiasts.\r\n \tAt the end of the day everybody is replaceable. Never get into the mindset that you are indispensable.\r\n \tKeep yourself updated. Read, attend webinars etc\r\n \tNever ever display your emotions. People are different and so are perceptions. A single emotional statement can be interpreted in thousands of ways and by doing so you would generously donate content for some 'cafeteria gossip'.\r\n \tKeep challenging yourself. Notice signs of boredom and immediately do something about it (say additional responsibilities, change of assignment etc.) otherwise you will soon start seeking comfort in that mundane work itself.\r\n \t\u201cDon't Settle. Keep looking\u201d.\r\n\r\nBest Luck From Our team For your Corporate Life Journey , Stay Strong and Be Happy !!!","headline":"30 Essential Lessons for the New To the Corporate World","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-10-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/keep-calm-and-keep-moving-forward-1-267x300-267x300-267x300.png","height":300,"width":267},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/vernier-height-gauge-construction/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/parts-of-vertical-height-gauge-300x220.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Vernier Height Gauge &#8211; Construction, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/vernier-height-gauge-construction/">Vernier Height Gauge &#8211; Construction, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Vernier Height Gauge   Vernier height gauge is similar to vernier caliper but in this instrument, the graduated bar is held in a vertical position and it is used in conjunction with a surface...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/vernier-height-gauge-construction/" aria-label="View Post: Vernier Height Gauge &#8211; Construction, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Vernier Height Gauge &#8211; Construction, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/vernier-height-gauge-construction\/","articleBody":"Vernier Height Gauge\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n \tVernier height gauge is similar to vernier caliper but in this instrument, the graduated bar is held in a vertical position and it is used in conjunction with a surface plate. A Vernier height gauge is a measuring device used either for determining the height of something or for the repetitive marking of items to be worked on. The pointer is sharpened to allow it to act as a scriber and assist in marking on workpieces. The figure below shows the details and working arrangement of a Vernier height gauge.\r\n \tHeight gauge, also called Vernier height gauge, is a widely used benchtop tool. \r\n \tA height gauge is a measuring device used either for determining the height of something or for the repetitious marking of items.\r\n \tIt is much more capable than calipers but not as complex as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).\r\n \tVernier height gauges, however, greatly rely on users\u2019 skills.\r\n \tThe first electronic height gauge emerged during the mid-1980s.\r\n \tThese measuring tools are used in metalworking or metrology to either set or measure vertical distances.\r\n\r\nDefinition of vernier height gauge:\r\nVernier height gauge is a special type of vernier instrument which is used to measure heights of different engineering objects up to high precision and accuracy during many of industrial jobs where measuring process is required.\r\n\r\nparts of vertical height gauge\r\n\r\n\r\nConstruction of Vernier height Gauge:\r\nA vernier height gauge consists of\r\n(i) Base -\u00a0 Base is a finely grow and lapped base. The base is massive and robust in construction to ensure rigidity and stability.\r\n(ii) Beam or Column - A vertical graduated beam or column supported on a massive base.\r\n(iii) Attached to the beam is a sliding vernier head carrying the vernier scale and a clamping screw.\r\n(iv) An auxiliary head which is also attached to the beam above sliding vernier head. It has fine\u00a0adjusting and clamping screws.\r\n(v) A measuring jaw or a scriber attached to the front of sliding vernier.\r\n\r\n\r\nDiagram Of Vernier Height Gauge :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDiagram Of Vernier Height Gauge\r\nUse:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tThis also uses the same principle of vernier caliper and is used especially for the measurement of height. It is equipped with a special base block, sliding jaw assembly, and a removable clamp.\r\n \tThe upper and lower surfaces of the measuring jaws are parallel to the base, which makes it possible to measure both over and under surfaces.\r\n \tA scribing attachment in place of measuring jaw can be used for scribing lines at a certain distance above the surface.\r\n \tSpecification of a vernier height gauge is made by specifying the range of measurement, type of scale required, and any particular requirement regarding the type of vernier desired.\r\n\r\nProcedure Of Using Vernier Height Gauge :\u00a0\r\n1. Take the material (sample) for which the value must be measured. \r\n\r\n2. Check the vernier and the main scale must coincide at 0 \r\n\r\n3. After checking the 0 marks put the sample piece and slowly leaves the measuring jaw over the piece \r\n\r\n4. Tight the screw and measure the main scale also vernier scale reading \r\n\r\n5. The line coincides with the main scale that the VSR \r\n\r\n6. By adding MSR with VSR*L\r\nSpecification Of Vernier Height Gauge:\r\n\r\nDigital Height Gauge - Model xxxx\/xxxx\r\nRange:- 0 to 300 mm\u00a0\r\n0 to 600 mm\u00a0\r\nLeast Count - 0.01 mm \/0.0005\"\r\n\r\nThe important features of vernier height gauge are :\r\n\r\n \tall the parts are made of good quality steel or stainless steel.\r\n \tThe beam should be sufficiently rigid and square with the base.\r\n \tThe measuring jaw should have clear protection from the edge of the beam at least equal to the projection of the base from the beam.\r\n \tThe upper and lower ganging surfaces of the measuring jaw shall be flat and parallel to the base.\r\n \tThe scriber should also be of the same nominal depth as measuring jaw so that it may be reversed.\r\n \tThe projection of the jaw should be at least 25 mm.\r\n \tThe slider should have a good sliding fit for all along the full worship length of the beam.\r\n \tHeight gauge can also be provided with a dial gauge instead of the vernier. This provides easy and exact reading of slider movement by dial gauge which is larger and clear.\r\n\r\nTypes Of Height Gauge :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tVernier Height Gauge\u00a0\r\n \tDigital Height Gauge or Electronic Height Guage - The digital height gauge has an easy to read display that can be very quickly set to any dimension. The readout display is in in. (0.002 mm), and it has a zero function that allows the zero to be set at any position on the job or workpieces. This type of height gage is becoming very popular because it eliminates or reduces the errors common to height gages having vernier scales.\r\n \tDial Height Gauge\u00a0\r\n\r\nSources of Errors in Vernier Height Gauges \r\nErrors occur due to\r\n\r\n \tSlide arm does not parallel with the base\r\n \tThe unclean and damaged base which causes inaccuracy.\r\n \tWorn-out scriber.\r\n \tImproper calibration. The zero marks of the vernier and main scale should coincide when the base of the scriber makes flat contact with the\r\n\r\nPrecautions While Using A Vernier Height Gauge\r\n\r\n \tThe base should be held firmly to the surface plate to avoid tipping.\r\n \tThe height gauge and surface plate should be cleaned properly before use.\r\n \tCare should be taken to avoid heating by warmth from the hands, especially in the case of long height gauges.\r\n \tThe height gauge should be moved slowly and gently over the surface plate.\r\n \tThe scriber should be clamped as near as possible to the beam to reduce vibration and increase accuracy.\r\n \tThey should be kept in their cases when not in use.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Vernier Height Guage :\r\n\r\n \tIt can be used in different ways: one set of jaws can be used to determine inner measurements, while the other set can be used to measure exterior measurements.\r\n \tIt is the simplest and quickest of the vernier instruments to use, and it is also quite cheap.\r\n\r\nThe disadvantages of Vernier Height Gauge :\r\n\r\n \tThe main disadvantage is that the readings are highly dependent on the operator's ability, and its accuracy is limited by the vernier scale.\r\n \tIt can only be used to measure small objects.\r\n\r\nApplications of Vernier Height Gauge :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThese are used to mark out lines and widely used on surface plates and on machine tables.\r\n \tThe height gauge with an indicator attachment is used for checking of surface holes.\r\n \tThe height gauge with a scribe attachment is used to mark reference lines and locations on castings and forgings.","headline":"Vernier Height Gauge &#8211; Construction, Diagram, Advantages, Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-09-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"June 7, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/parts-of-vertical-height-gauge-300x220.jpg","height":220,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydro-pneumatic-clamping-syste/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/DesignandFabricationOfHydro-PneumaticClampingSystem-300x174.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydro-pneumatic-clamping-syste/">Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System
SYNOPSIS  This project deals with the design and fabrication of the hydro pneumatic vice with an air-to-hydraulic pressure booster, the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hydro-pneumatic-clamping-syste/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hydro-pneumatic-clamping-syste\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\nThis project deals with the design and fabrication of the hydro pneumatic vice with an air-to-hydraulic pressure booster, the hydro pneumatic vice is capable of holding small and minute work pieces with a large force thus enabling accurate and precise operation. The project combines the advantages of both hydraulics and pneumatics, thus eliminating the drawbacks that may be associated with the use of fluid power Also the air-to-hydraulic pressure booster amplifiers the force with which the vice grips the workpiece. The highlights of this project are that it is very economical, accurate, and easy to operate and has wide variety of applications.\r\nINTRODUCTION\u00a0\r\nThis project deals with the operations of a machine vice using fluid power. \u00a0Fluid power enables us to operate the vice with ease, accuracy, safety and for high pressure operations. The advantages of hydraulics and pneumatics are merged in such a manner in this project so as to completely eliminate any disadvantage that may be associated with the use of fluid power. The presence of an air-to-hydraulic pressure boaster in this hydro pneumatic vice enables multiplication of force. \u00a0A small pneumatic pressure is utilized to generate a high hydraulic fluid pressure which bears on a hydraulic actuator. Also the use of standard components and materials has lead to the considerable reduction in fabrication cost.\r\n\r\nAIR-TO-HYDRAULIC PRESSURE BOOSTER\r\n\r\nThe air \u2013 to \u2013 hydraulic pressure booster works on the basis of PASCALS\u2019S LAW.\r\nPascal\u2019s Law:\r\nThe pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions. \u00a0Let us assume that a 10 square inch air piston is subjected to 100 psi air pressure. \u00a0This pressure produces 1000 lb force on the hydrauli oil pressure will be 1000 psi. \u00a0Thus the pressure with which the vice clamps the workpiece is very c cylinder piston. \u00a0Thus if the area of the hydraulic piston is 1 square inch, the hydraulic dischargehigh. The pressure ratio of an air-to-hydraulic pressure booster can be found by using\r\n\r\nPressure Ratio = (Output Oil pressure \/ Input Air Pressure)\r\n\r\nHence a large diameter air cylinder drives a small diameter hydraulic cylinder. \u00a0Thus expensive pumps and high pressure valves of the conventional hydraulic system are eliminated.\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\u00a0\r\nHolding the work pieces:\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System\r\n\r\n\r\nAir from a single stage air compressor enters the push button direction control valve and is directed to the pneumatic actuator. \u00a0The pneumatic actuator is a single acting cylinder and the compressed air extends the piston. The piston rod enters the hydraulic Tank filled with hydraulic oil and pressurises the hydraulic fluid. \u00a0Thus the hydraulic fluid enters the delivery pipe through a filter arrangement. The pressurised fluid is made to act on a hydraulic cylinder placed on a table arrangement.\r\n\r\nThe hydraulic fluid then extends the hydraulic piston. \u00a0The end of the piston rod is threaded and the movable jaw of the machine vice is connected to it. \u00a0Thus the movable jaw extends along with the piston rod and grips the workpiece against the fixed jaw placed diametrically opposite to it.\r\nReleasing the work piece:\r\nThe operation of hand lever activates the spring centered two ways, two positions, direction control valve in the hydraulic circuit. Also, the push button direction control valve in the pneumatic circuit is operated simultaneously. \u00a0This exhausts the air in the pneumatic cylinder, thus retracting the pneumatic piston. \u00a0At the same time, hydraulic fluid flows back to the hydraulic tank. \u00a0Hence the single acting hydraulic cylinder retracts the hydraulic piston thereby releasing the workpiece.\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n1. To hold the job rigidly while machining.\r\n2. For quick clamping and unclamping of the job.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n1. Idle time of the machine is reduced.\r\n2. When compared with the mechanical vices, it consumes less time for clamping and unclamping the job.\r\n3. It reduces the manual labour\r\n4. Hence, production rate is higher\r\n5. Hydro-pneumatic vice having both the advantages of hydraulics and pneumatics\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n1. Initial higher cost.\r\n2. May be a choice of air\/oil leakage\r\n3. Cylinder stroke length is constant","headline":"Design and Fabrication Of Hydro-Pneumatic Clamping System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-09-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/DesignandFabricationOfHydro-PneumaticClampingSystem-300x174.png","height":174,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-hydro-pneumatic-lubrication/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AutomaticHydroPneumaticLubricationSystem-MechanicalProject-300x173.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-hydro-pneumatic-lubrication/">Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project
SYNOPSIS
Automation in the modern world is inevitable.  Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-hydro-pneumatic-lubrication/" aria-label="View Post: Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/automatic-hydro-pneumatic-lubrication\/","articleBody":"Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\nAutomation in the modern world is inevitable. \u00a0Any automatic machine aimed at the economical use of man, machine, and material worth the most.\r\n\r\nLubrication is the lifeline for any industry. \u00a0Machines in various industries like textile, printing, machine tools, automobile industries and excavators are to be lubricated in order to reduce the friction created between moving parts. \u00a0If machines are not properly lubricated at regular intervals they are seized thus incurring heavy losses. \u00a0The bearings may wear out easily due to improper lubrication and thus reduce the efficiency of the machine. \u00a0Also lubrication counters corrosion by providing a protective film on the concerned surface.\r\n\r\nThe manufacturers of machinery are recommended to lubricate various points at a periodic interval. \u00a0Periodicity is in terms of machine hours in case of machinery and mileage in case of automobiles. \u00a0The lubrication of various points of machinery is also a difficult task in industries where more number of machines has been installed and needed lubrication like printing machinery, excavators, textile machinery etc, where the number of points to be lubricated may range from 40 to 50.\r\n\r\nIn above cases, lubrications are not only a time consuming process but also results in workman fatigue. \u00a0The centralized automatic lubricating system is used for easy and economical lubrication of multiple points from one centrally located distributor. \u00a0It is designed to deliver the right amount of lubricant at right time to every point by means of distributors connected by hoses.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nWhen two or more surfaces are in moving contact with each other friction is created between them. \u00a0Lubricants are used to reduce this friction. \u00a0In the process they also reduce the wear which the friction causes. \u00a0Lubrication also counters corrosion by providing a protective film on the concerned surface.\r\n\r\nAutomatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project\r\n\r\n\r\nIn the early years of industrial revolution lubrication of machinery was anything but systematic. \u00a0Lubricants were used haphazardly chiefly when friction began to wear out machinery rather than to prevent it from happening. \u00a0But as more and more sophisticated machinery were developed a whole range of lubricants were delivered to the concerned surfaces in the quantities and at speeds appropriate to the situation.\u00a0\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe working of the lubricating system is as follows. \u00a0The air from atmosphere is drawn into the air compressor and is compressed. \u00a0The air compressor is driven by the motor. \u00a0The high pressure air is stored in the air tank. Our system incorporates a solenoid valve and an electronic timer. \u00a0Timer may be made to operate at periodic interval of time. \u00a0Whenever the timer is on, the solenoid valve gets opened. \u00a0The air from the air tank is now admitted to the rear end of the double acting cylinder. \u00a0Now the compressed air pushed the piston of the pneumatic cylinder forward. \u00a0This makes the plunger in the distributor to push the oil towards the outlet of the distributor. \u00a0So the oil is supplied to various parts where the hoses are connected. The valve is 5\/2 solenoid valve which makes the piston of the pneumatic cylinder to its position (left end) after one stroke. \u00a0During the return stroke a partial vacuum is created at the front end of the oil cylinder. \u00a0To compensate the vacuum, the oil from the container enters the chamber.\r\n\r\n\u00a0During the forward stroke of piston the oil contained in the chamber is pushed out with pressure. \u00a0The pressurized lubricating oil is then taken to required points through distributors. Flow control valves are provided in each hose so as to vary the flow of oil to different parts.\r\n\r\nSequence (i)\r\n\r\nWhen the solenoid valve actuates, the air from the compressor enters the air cylinder and pushes the piston forward. \u00a0This in turn pushes the piston in the oil cylinder.\r\n\r\nSequence (ii)\r\n\r\nWhen the solenoid valve closes, the air from the compressor to the air cylinder is exhausted through the exhaust port of solenoid valve. \u00a0Since the air cylinder is double acting, the piston retraces its path which in turn pulls the piston in the oil cylinder, there by creating vacuum in oil cylinder. \u00a0Then the oil from the reservoir is sucked into cylinder to compensate the partial vacuum.\r\n\r\nSequence (iii)\r\n\r\nAgain when the valve open, air from the compressor enters the cylinder and pushes the piston which in turn pushes the piston in oil cylinder. \u00a0The oil is pumped to the distributor from where it is taken to various parts to be lubricated.\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\nWhen any machine runs moving parts make contact with each other giving rise to what is known as friction which acts as a parasite sucking or consuming most parts of the available power. So in order to avoid or in actual terms reduce friction, a suitable medium should be applied between them which minimize this metal to metal contact. \u00a0So this medium, aptly called the lubricant should be supplied between the moving parts. \u00a0Besides reducing friction, this lubricant has also the function of heat discipline and cleaning the parts so the lubricant is actually called the life blood of the machinery.\r\n\r\nWhen machinery is operated on a longer time basis a need arises for the lubricant namely a lubricating oil of the correct viscosity as the application dictates to be supplied continuously. \u00a0This need is taken up by an auxiliary system to any machinery called the lubricant system. In order to lubricate the machinery they have to be kept of from working which reduces precious working hours this leads to production losses. Our lubrication system namely the automatic centralized lubrication was designed with an out look of removing the hassles of periodic manual lubrication, stopping the machinery for lubrication etc. \u00a0It has an added advantage of serving multiple service points at a single time this system can be adopted for any machinery like lathes, milling machines which need a constant supply of lubricant.\r\n\r\n\u00a0A miniature version of our system can be also used in heavy duty automobiles like earth movers trucks etc., Which till now needs manual lubrication for its suspension etc. \u00a0Our system can work on the pneumatic compressor available on the heavy duty automobiles. A bigger version of our system can be used in industries where machinery needs a constant supply of lubricant. \u00a0This reduces constant manual supervision and reduces this need for shutting off the machinery for lubrication.\r\nThe service time for particular machinery can be preset on a timer and the system automatically fills up the service points on the machinery. Also the system can be attached to heavy vehicle which required lubrication in regular intervals of mileage. \u00a0In this case, the timer may be attached to the odometer such that if gets actuated when the meter readings coincide with the preset intervals. \u00a0The system can be easily attached to available compressor in heavy vehicle.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAll points are lubricated simultaneously\r\n \tTimer can also be used to lubricate the points at regular intervals\r\n \tRequirement of man power for this system is not necessary\r\n \tWastage of lubricant is eliminated\r\n \tUniform flow of lubricant to all parts\r\n \tGrease nipples are replaced by small adapters\r\n \tWear and tear lubricating components due to improper maintenance is eliminated\r\n \tAs the wastage of lubricant is avoided, lubrication cost is less\r\n \tEquipment such of lubricant is avoided, lubrication cost is less.\r\n \tThe components can be lubricated even when the vehicle is in operation.","headline":"Automatic Hydro Pneumatic Lubrication System- Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-09-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/AutomaticHydroPneumaticLubricationSystem-MechanicalProject-300x173.jpg","height":173,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=221">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=220"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>220</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=221"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>221</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>222</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=223"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>223</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=224"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>224</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=223">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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