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Engine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-Stroke Engine  [caption id="attachment_1043" align="aligncenter" width="640"] Two stroke Engine Advantages and...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/2-stroke-advantages-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-Stroke Engine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-Stroke Engine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/2-stroke-advantages-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-Stroke Engine\r\n\r\n\r\nTwo stroke Engine Advantages and Disadvantages\r\n\r\n\r\nA two stroke cycle engine has twice the number of power strokes than the four stroke cycle engine at the same engine speed.\r\n\r\nAdvantages Of \u00a0Two Stroke Petrol\/ Diesel Engine:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tFor the same power developed, a two stroke cycle engine is lighter, less bulky and occupies less floor area.\r\n \tThe initial cost of a two stroke cycle engine is considerably less than a four stroke cycle engine\r\n \tThe weight of the two stroke engine is less than four stroke cycle engine because of the lighter flywheel due to more uniform torque on the crankshaft.\r\n \tSince there are only two strokes in a cycle, the work required to overcome the friction and the exhaust strokes is saved.\r\n \tIt has no valves, so complicated valve actuating mechanism not required.\r\n \tIt has few moving parts, so compact and simple construction.\r\n \tNo oil sump for lubrication. Petroil is used for lubrication so it can be used in all positions.\r\n \tLow maintenance cost.\r\n \tThe work required to come over the friction of suction and exhaust is saved.\r\n \tAs there is a power stroke in every revolution, the turning moment is uniform. Light flywheels are required.\r\n\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Two Stroke Petrol \/Diesel Engine :\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIncomplete combustion, carbon deposit on the piston head and exhaust port.\r\n \tUnstable idling.\r\n \tScavenging problems.\r\n \tLess efficient in terms of fuel economy due to part of the unburned charge is rejected during transfer phase.\r\n \tMore wear and fragile than the four-stroke engine. Shorter life span.\r\n \tThey are liable to cause high consumption of lubricating oil.\r\n \tWorst hydrocarbon emission rate. High polluting.\r\n \tHigh vibration and noisy operation.\r\n \tLess thermal and volumetric efficiency.\r\n \tNarrow power band compared to a four-stroke engine.","headline":"Advantages And Disadvantages Of Two-Stroke Engine Over Four-Stroke Engine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-22","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/2-stroke-vs-4-stroke-engines-motorcycle-technology-768x432-300x169.jpg","height":169,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-stratified-charge-engine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/prinipleworkingofStratifiedChargeEngine-300x222.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-stratified-charge-engine/">Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download
&nbsp;
What is Stratified Charge Engine?
The stratified charge engine is a type of internal-combustion engine which runs on gasoline. It is very...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-stratified-charge-engine/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-stratified-charge-engine\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download\r\n&nbsp;\r\nWhat is Stratified Charge Engine?\r\nThe stratified charge engine is a type of internal-combustion engine which runs on gasoline. It is very much similar to the Diesel cycle. The name refers to the layering of the charge inside the cylinder. The stratified charge engine is designed to reduce the emissions from the engine cylinder without the use of exhaust gas recirculation systems, which is also known as the EGR or catalytic converters.\r\nStratified charge combustion engines utilize a method of distributing fuel that successively builds layers of fuel in the combustion chamber. The initial charge of fuel is directly injected into a small concentrated area of the combustion chamber where it ignites quickly. As the combustion process continues, it travels across the top of the piston to a lean area of the chamber, where cooler temperatures reduce the formation of harmful NOx emissions. Subsequent additional small injections of fuel can be introduced to propagate the flame front and manage piston knock. This arrangement works well in slow constant speed applications, but has proven difficult to manage across the wide range of speed and load incurred in automotive uses.\r\n\r\nExamples:\u00a0\r\nHonda has used a stratified charge design in many of its \"lean burn\" Civic models.\r\n\r\nPRINCIPLE:-\r\n\u00a0The principle of the stratified charge engine is to deliver a mixture that is sufficiently rich for combustion in the immediate vicinity of the spark plug and in the remainder of the cylinder, a very lean mixture that is so low in fuel that it could not be used in a traditional engine. On an engine with stratified charge, the delivered power is no longer controlled by the quantity of admitted air, but by the quantity of petrol injected, as with a diesel engine.\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0HOW DOES IT WORK?\r\n\r\nOne approach consists in dividing the combustion chamber so as to create a pre-combustion chamber where the spark plug is located. The head of the piston is also modified. It contains a spheroid cavity that imparts a swirling movement to the air contained by the cylinder during compression. As a result, during injection, the fuel is only sprayed in the vicinity of the spark plug. But other strategies are possible. For example, it is also possible to exploit the shape of the admission circuit and use artifices, like \u201cswirl\u201d stages that create turbulent flows at their level. All the subtlety of engine operation in stratified mode occurs at level of injection. This comprises two principal modes: a lean mode, which corresponds to operation at very low engine load, therefore when there is less call on it, and a \u201cnormal\u201d mode, when it runs at full charge and delivers maximum power. In the first mode, injection takes place at the end of the compression stroke. Because of the swirl effect that the piston cavity creates, the fuel sprayed by the injector is confined near the spark plug. As there is very high pressure in the cylinder at this moment, the injector spray is also quite concentrated. The \u201cdirectivity\u201d of the spray encourages even greater concentration of the mixture. A very small quantity of fuel is thus enough to obtain\u00a0optimum mixture richness in the zone close to the spark plug, whereas the remainder of the cylinder contains only very lean mixture.\r\n\r\npriniple working of Stratified Charge Engine\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe stratification of air in the cylinder means that even with partial charge it is also possible to obtain a core of mixture surrounded by layers of air and residual gases which limit the transfer of heat to the cylinder walls. This drop in temperature causes the quantity of air in the cylinder to increase by reducing its dilation, delivering the engine additional power. When idling, this process makes it possible to reduce consumption by almost 40% compared to a traditional engine. And this is not the only gain. Functioning with stratified charge also makes it possible to lower the temperature at which the fuel is sprayed. All this leads to a reduction in fuel consumption which is of course reflected by a reduction of engine exhaust emissions. When engine power is required, injection takes place in normal mode, during the admission phase. This makes it possible to achieve a homogeneous mix, as it is the case with traditional injection. Here, contrary to the previous example, when the injection takes place, the pressure in the cylinder is still low. The spray of fuel from the injector is therefore highly divergent, which encourages a homogeneous mix to form.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES OF STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINE:-\r\n&nbsp;\r\n1. Compact, light weight design and good fuel economy.\r\n2. Good part load efficiency.\r\n3. Exhibit multi-fuel capability.\r\n4. The rich mixture near spark-plug and lean mixture near the piston surface provides cushing to the exploit combustion.\r\n5. Resist the knocking and provides smooth resulting in smooth &amp; quite engine operation over the entire speed and load range.\r\n6. Low level of exhaust emissions, Nox is reduced considerably.\r\n7. Usually no starting problem.\r\n8. Can be manufactured by the existing technology.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES OF STRATIFIED CHARGE ENGINE;-\r\n&nbsp;\r\n1. for a given engine size, charge charge stratification results in reduced.\r\n2. These engine create high noise level at low load conditions.\r\n3. More complex design to supply rich and lean mixture, quantity is varied with load on the engine.\r\n4. Higher weight than of a conventional engine\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload :\r\nSeminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download","headline":"Seminar On Stratified Charge Engine Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-21","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/prinipleworkingofStratifiedChargeEngine-300x222.png","height":222,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-virtual-manufacturing/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/SeminarOnVirtualManufacturing28VM29ReportDownload-300x187.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-virtual-manufacturing/">Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download  Drawbacks of the conventional manufacturing systems               In conventional manufacturing, there is lots of time and money...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-virtual-manufacturing/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-virtual-manufacturing\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download\r\n\r\nDrawbacks of the conventional manufacturing systems\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0In conventional manufacturing, there is lots of time and money wasted on building the physical prototypes of the manufacturing processes to be used before the actual production starts. This takes a lot of time which can be used to optimize the product design and market the product in a better way. There is also lots of money and material wastage if more physical prototypes are required. With increasing competition in today\u2019s world, the conventional way of setting up production processes causes the company a fortune. It was time for an innovation and this is how Virtual Manufacturing was born.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat is Virtual Reality?\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Virtual Reality (VR) is an exciting new technology for which the most important benefits are the ability to do human-in-the-loop, real time, \"what if\" scenarios, reducing development time and reducing time to deliver products to the market. Virtual reality promises a ready ability to interact in three dimensional space. In particular it is possible to provide a visual simulation of familiar real-world environments, and to make changes within such an environment.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSeminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat is Virtual Manufacturing?\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Perhaps one of the most interesting and important of these recent developments is called \u201cVirtual Manufacturing\u201d. Often termed \u201cThe Next Revolution in Global Manufacturing\u201d, virtual manufacturing involves the simulation of a product and the processes involved in fabrication. Virtual Manufacturing (VM) is defined to be an integrated, synthetic manufacturing environment exercised to enhance all levels of decision and control. In simple words, the vision of Virtual Manufacturing is to provide a capability to \u201cManufacture in the Computer\u201d. Virtual Manufacturing (VM) is defined to be an integrated, synthetic manufacturing environment exercised to enhance all levels of decision and control.\r\n\r\n\r\nIn essence, VM will ultimately provide a modeling and simulation environment so powerful that the fabrication\/assembly of any product, including the associated manufacturing processes, can be simulated in the computer. This powerful capability would take into account all of the variables in the production environment from shop floor processes to enterprise transactions. In other words, VM will accommodate the visualization of interacting production processes, process planning, scheduling, assembly planning, logistics from the line to the enterprise, and related impacting processes such as accounting, purchasing and management. In addition, VM also reduces the cost of tooling, eliminates the need for multiple physical prototypes, and reduces material waste. This allows everyone to \u201cget it right the first time\u201d.\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 VM utilizes nonlinear finite element analysis technologies to provide detailed information about a product, which is than used for optimization of factors such\u00a0as manufacturability, final shape, residual stress and life-cycle estimations. At the core of VM lies nonlinear FEA technology.\r\n\r\nIn Virtual Manufacturing Process Of\u00a0 Manufacturing include following steps:\r\n\r\n1. Preliminary Design Of Products.\r\n2. Preparing product models ,assembly using 3d design Software like Solidworks, CATIA, Creo\r\n3.Engineering And functional analysis\r\n4. Manufacturing analysis\r\n5. Verification of design Parameters\r\n6. Acceptable\u00a0Design.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\nFEWER PROTOTYPES \u2013\r\nThe more trials you can simulate in a virtual environment, the less physical prototypes you need to perfect your design. This means you spend more time up front in engineering and design, and less resources running physical trials. Virtual prototyping is cheaper than building physical models and optimizing your design by trial-and-error. It is not complete replacement for physical testing, but it can minimize the effort and enable the resulting physical tests to be more successful.\r\n\r\nLESS MATERIAL WASTE \u2013 \r\nIf you build fewer physical models, you waste less material in the form of prototypes as well as the tooling used to create them.\r\n\r\nREDUCED COST OF TOOLING \u2013\r\nAgain it follows that if you build fewer prototypes, then you develop fewer tools, which are typically very expensive. Furthermore, by modeling the tools, you can reduce tool wear, thus increasing tool life.\r\n\r\nCONFIDENCE IN MANUFACTURING PROCESS \u2013\r\nEven if the tools are properly designed, the control of the tools may affect the quality of the part produced. VM allows you to simulate the part, the tools, and their control. This simulation can let you optimize your tool control before building prototypes, again letting you \u201cget it right the first time\u201d.\r\n\r\nIMPROVED QUALITY \u2013\r\nIt improves their part quality by utilizing VM techniques.\r\nThere are numerous examples throughout this paper, and almost all of them result in a part with quality produced at lower cost than previously attained through traditional prototyping techniques.\r\n\r\nREDUCED TIME TO MARKET \u2013 \r\nTime to market is becoming increasingly critical in an age where information can be transmitted and shared readily.\r\n\r\nDownload :\r\nSeminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report \u00a0 PDF Download\u00a0","headline":"Seminar On Virtual Manufacturing ( VM ) Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-21","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/SeminarOnVirtualManufacturing28VM29ReportDownload-300x187.jpg","height":187,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/capstan-lathe-and-turret-lathe/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/turretlatheworkingdiagram-300x192.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/capstan-lathe-and-turret-lathe/">Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe  Capstan lathe is one of the types of semi-automatic lathe. In semi-automatic lathes machining operations are done automatically. Functions other...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/capstan-lathe-and-turret-lathe/" aria-label="View Post: Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/capstan-lathe-and-turret-lathe\/","articleBody":"Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe\r\n\r\nCapstan lathe is one of the types of semi-automatic lathe. In semi-automatic lathes machining operations are done automatically. Functions other than machining like loading and unloading of job, positioning of tools coolant operations are done manually.\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nTurret Lathe Parts Diagram\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDifference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCAPSTAN LATHE \r\n\r\nTURRET LATHE \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1.\r\nCapstan lathe is limited to the manufacture of work from bar fed during the empty spindle held in a collect and the standard machine contain a condition for fixing a jaw chuck to the spindle nose thus that bars, castings and forging might be held\r\n\r\n\r\nSpindle nose of this machine is threaded outwardly for screwing faceplate force plate, lathe chuck or any other work holding device proper to the job stock.\r\nInside hole is tapered to get the lathe centre and proper collect for bar\r\nholding.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2.\r\nTailstock does not give for centre support of bar stock and rising of shank tools. Tail stock hold up is not required as short piece bar stock is use for\r\nwork production.\r\n\r\n\r\nTailstock is moreover give for centre hold up of the bar stock and rising of shank tools. Tailstock be able to bolted at the great right hand of the bed or\r\namong carriage with turret slide.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3.\r\nCapstan head move about on the capstan slide in the move familiar by the stop while the whole unit left over bolted on the right hand off the bed ways.\r\n\r\n\r\nTurret head rise on the ramslide move longitudinally in the move familiar by the stop screws. Whole nit be able to slide on the bed ways and after that locked at the necessary location.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n4.\r\nLead-screw does not give and thread is produced by using the threading head mounted on capstan head\r\n\r\n\r\nLead screw gives for cutting particular and multi-start threads on a preferred length of work by single point tool of thread cutting.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n5. The carriage is given with front tool post with rear post moreover.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe carriage is given by the turret tool-post and rear tool post used for holding tools.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n6. It is used for mass production of small size equal part.\r\n\r\n\r\nIts use intended for the mass production of large size equal parts.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n7. Feed rod given for longitudinal feed.\r\n\r\n\r\nFeed rod is not given for longitudinal feed.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More: \u00a0Main Parts of Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe","headline":"Difference between Capstan Lathe and Turret Lathe","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/turretlatheworkingdiagram-300x192.jpg","height":192,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hub-center-steering-syste/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFHUBCENTERSTEERINGSYSTEMUSINGBICYCLE-300x200.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hub-center-steering-syste/">DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE  ABSTRACT:
&nbsp;
Hub-center steering is a type of front end suspension/steering mechanisms used in bicycles. Hub center...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hub-center-steering-syste/" aria-label="View Post: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hub-center-steering-syste\/","articleBody":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE\r\n\r\nABSTRACT:\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHub-center steering is a type of front end suspension\/steering mechanisms used in bicycles. Hub center steering consists of a swing arm that extends from the bottom of the frame to the center of the front wheel instead of two forks. Hub center steering systems use an arm, or arms, on bearings to allow upward wheel deflection, meaning that there is no under braking.\r\nBraking forces can be redirected horizontally along these arms, or fork rods, away from the vertical suspension forces, and can even be put to good use to counteract weight shift. Finally, the arms typically some form of parallelogram which maintains steering geometry over the full range of wheel travel, allowing agility and consistency of steering that forks currently cannot get close to attaining.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION:\r\n&nbsp;\r\nThe present bicycles used two fork shaft front suspensions for steering and suspension. As bicycles get faster, the need for better steering control, suspension and braking becomes exponentially more important. The two most significant problems facing current front fork suspensions. Lateral wheel displacement. Difficulty in maintaining control, especially during braking and negotiating a turn.\r\nAfter so many years of telescopic forks use, people are used to riding a bike and bicycle that handles in a specific way, and almost expect the limitations, and compensation is part of the experience. With the rise in popularity in motorcycles and bicycles, and the acknowledged problems of a front fork suspension, Jack Difazio saw a need for alternative steering systems. In 1968 there was a copyright made on the Difazio hub center steering concept. Difazio proposed the model for Hub center steering mechanism.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE:\r\n\r\n\r\nHub center steering is characterized by a swing arm that extends from the bottom of the frame to the center of the front wheel instead of two forks. Hub center steering systems use an arm, or arms, on bearings to allow upward wheel deflection, meaning that there is no station, even under braking. Braking forces can be redirected horizontally along these arms, away from the vertical suspension forces.\r\nFinally, the arms typically form some form of parallelogram which maintains steering geometry over the full range of wheel travel, thereby increasing the control of the rider over the bicycle. This cannot be achieved by the conventional system. Generally, a large diameter, steerable but non-rotating hub is mounted on a king-pin located within it. Another hub, of larger diameter, and forming part of the wheel, is mounted onto the first hub via large ball races. The center line of the king-pin defines the steering axis, and so the only flexure that can allow the tire to deflect away from this axis, is in the wheel and the hubs themselves.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES:\u00a0\r\n\u2022 The source of lateral displacement (relative to the steering axis) is reduced.\r\n\u2022 Braking efficiency is increased as braking loads are spread between the bottom swing-arm and the top steering links.\r\n\u2022 Hub-center steering separates the steering, braking, and suspension functions.\r\n\u2022 As compared to conventional design, HCS can provide longer wheel base.\r\n\u2022 The ride quality is improved as better suspensions can be used (mono shock absorbers).\r\n\u2022 Eliminates the use of a steering damper\/steering stabilizer.\r\n\u2022 Useful when the conventional type of steering mechanism cannot be mounted due to the position of front wheel.\r\n\u2022 This may be a requirement for certain bike designs (aerodynamic, electric bikes). As the system is not widely used, it may be accepted by customers looking for unconventional bike design.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES:\u00a0\r\n\u2022 As all the sideways rigidity is provided by the king-pin, this part is quite highly loaded when the wheel is subject to a lateral force\r\n\u2022 It is a fairly complicated system as large number of components are used.\r\n\u2022 Cost of the system is high.","headline":"DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HUB CENTER STEERING SYSTEM USING BICYCLE","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DESIGNANDFABRICATIONOFHUBCENTERSTEERINGSYSTEMUSINGBICYCLE-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/onion-seed-sowing-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/DesignandFabricationofOnionSeedSowingMachine-min-300x225.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine-Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/onion-seed-sowing-machine/">Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine-Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine
Abstract—  Today’s era is marching towards the rapid growth of agricultural as well as industrial sector. To achieve the goal of the future...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/onion-seed-sowing-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine-Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine-Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/onion-seed-sowing-machine\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine\r\nAbstract\u2014\r\n\r\nToday\u2019s era is marching towards the rapid growth of agricultural as well as industrial sector. To achieve the goal of the future food demands, the farmers have to implement the new techniques which will increase the overall crop production rate. This Paper deals with the various sowing methods used for onion seed sowing in India for seed and fertilizer placement. The comparison between the traditional sowing method and the new proposed machine which can perform a number of simultaneous operations and has number of advantages. The main focus behind this machine is to reduce the human effort as well as problem of availability of labor &amp; there cost of work. Generally this machine reduces the cost of labor, efforts and total and fertilizer placement. The seed sewing machine is a key component of agriculture field. The performance of seed sowing device has a remarkable influence on the cost and yield of agriculture products. Presently there are many approaches to detect the Performance of seed-sowing device. The depth of seed sowing is affect the crop yield therefore to adjust the depth of seed sowing &amp; head to head distance between two seed a seed metering device is the heart of seed sowing machine between seed varieties. High Precision planters have been developed for many varieties of crops, for a wide Range of seed sizes, resulting to uniform seeds distribution along the travel path, in seed Spacing. This technique result in improvement in yield: by proper operation in the field we are increase the productivity of seed through 5% to 10%.Plant to plant distance: We are maintaining the plant to plant distance by providing a 12 number of cells on rotor. Saving labor cost: The transplantation of onion require lot of labor as well as charge is more so we are by using this machine able to reduce the labor cost.\r\n\r\n\r\nFUNCTIONAL COMPONENT OF MACHINE\r\n&nbsp;\r\nBy eliminating limitation of component of conventional seed sowing machine we design new component and provide special arrangement for sowing of small seed such as onion seed. There are eleven functional components of seed sowing machine.\r\n\r\n\r\n \tSara Machine\r\n \tGround Wheel\r\n \tFurrow Opener\r\n \tSweep\r\n \tSeed Rotor Shaft\r\n \tGround Wheel Shaft And Intermediate Shaft\r\n \tChain And Sprocket Arrangement\r\n \tSeed Tube\r\n \tSeed Covering Unit\r\n \tSeed Box\r\n \tSeed Rotor\r\n\r\nSARA MACHINE:\u00a0\r\nThe main frame consist of hitch unit which is use to connect a machine to tractor. Hitch unit consist of three point linkage hitch attachment. It consists of MS strips of 50\u00d75 mm in size. Upper end of hitch is 55 apart from each other and form attachment for top link of tractor. The lower end is welded 320 mm apart on main frame. Two supporting MS flats are attached at the upper end to give the support and welded at rear end of main frame. Two 370 mm MS flat 50\u00d75 mm are welded below main frame to from a support for the lower linkage attachment.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING OF SEED SOWING MACHINE:\u00a0\r\nWhen the implement attach\u00e9 to the tractor and operated in the field. A tractor is drawn in forward direction ridges are formed on either side of Sara machine at spacing of 6 feet. The space between two ridges is can be made perfectly horizontal by adjusting top link of hitch unit attached to the tractor.\r\n\r\n\r\nWhen tractor moves in forward direction the ground wheel in contact with the soil rotate. The lugs provided on the outer periphery of ground wheel provide a better gripping to the ground wheel due to which ground wheel rotate according to the grip provided. The ground rotation of ground wheel shaft is also rotate along with sprocket rotate. The rotary motion of the ground wheel is transmitted to the intermediate\u00a0shaft by using a chain mechanism. The intermediate shaft is provided to reduce the vibration and fluctuation. The power or motion from the intermediate shaft is transmitted to the sprocket mounted on the seed rotor shaft. When sprocket on the seed rotor shaft is rotate along with shaft also rotate. The seed box shaft rotate with the help of chain sprocket arrangement along with rotates the vertical rotors with cells on the periphery fitted inside the seed box and bottom of the seed hopper as shown in figure\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n1) Seed saving in sowing is possible so that the seeds are not wasted: with the use of this machine a farmer can save costly seeds as well as seed remain in seed box is easy to drawn so that seed farmer can utilize in future.\r\n2) Effect of weather: our seed box is not affected by weather because we are use a water resistant PVC material and so it is anti-corrosive.\r\n3) Saves time: It is automatically onion seed sowing machine so it will reduce the broadcasting, transplantation time.\r\n4) Less maintenance: If this machine is used properly then no need of maintenance and if there is no need for replacement of parts except in case any accidental problem in the field.\r\n5) Improvement in yield: by proper operation in the field we are increase the productivity of seed through 5% to 10%.\r\n6) Plant to plant distance: We are maintaining the plant to plant distance by providing a 12 number of cells on rotor.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLIMITATION\r\n&nbsp;\r\n1) Cultivation: The quality of the farm is required good so maximum cultivation process required example-plough, Rota etc.\r\n2) Seed box: The onion seed is light in weight as well as delicate so construction of seed box is complicated.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nReferences and Download Report:\r\nDesign and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine Report Download Pdf\r\nhttp:\/\/www.ijrmee.org\/download\/design-and-fabrication-of-onion-seed-sowing-machine-1433826027.pdf","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Onion Seed Sowing Machine-Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/DesignandFabricationofOnionSeedSowingMachine-min-300x225.png","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=236">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=235"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>235</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=236"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>236</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>237</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=238"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>238</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=239"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>239</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=238">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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