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Students</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Fluid Mechanics Interview Questions with Answers For Mechanical Students   1. How Gravitation can be eliminated by Pump?  Cavitation means bubbles are forming in the liquid.
· To avoid...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fluid-mechanics-interview-questions/" aria-label="View Post: Fluid Mechanics Interview Questions with Answers For Mechanical Students">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Fluid Mechanics Interview Questions with Answers For Mechanical Students","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/fluid-mechanics-interview-questions\/","articleBody":"Fluid Mechanics Interview Questions with Answers For Mechanical Students\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. How Gravitation can be eliminated by Pump?\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCavitation means bubbles are forming in the liquid.\r\n\u00b7 To avoid Cavitation, we have to increase the Pump size to One or Two Inch;\r\nTo increase the pressure of the Suction Head, or\r\n\u00b7 Decrease the Pump Speed.\r\n\r\n2. Types of pumps?\r\n\r\n\r\n- Positive Displacement\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0- rotary lobe pump, progressive cavity pump, rotary gear pump, piston pump, diaphragm pump, screw pump, gear pump, Hydraulic pump, vane pump\r\n- Centrifugal Pumps\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 - end suction pumps, in-line pumps, double suction pumps, vertical multistage pumps, horizontal multistage pumps, submersible pumps, self-priming pumps, axial-flow pumps, regenerative pumps.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nInterview Questions For Fluid Mechanics\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3. Why Cavitation will occur in Centrifugal Pump and not in Displacement Pump?\r\n\r\n\r\nThe formation of cavities (or bubbles) is induced by flow separation, or non-uniform flow velocities, inside a pump casing. In centrifugal pumps the eye of the pump impeller is smaller than the flow area of pipe. This decrease in flow area of pump results in increase in flow rate. So pressure drop happened between pump suction and the vanes of the impeller. Here air bubbles or cavities are formed because of liquid vapour due to increase in temperature in impeller. This air bubbles are transmitted to pump which forms cavitation.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n4.Which pump is more efficient Centrifugal pump or Reciprocating pump?\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCentrifugal pump.\r\n\r\n\r\nBecause flow rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump. Flow is smooth and it requires less space to install. Lower initial\r\ncost and lower maintenance cost.\r\n\r\n\r\n5. What are two types of clearance in a turbine?\r\n\r\n\r\nRadial \u2013 clearance at the tips of the rotor and casing.\r\nAxial \u2013 the fore-and-aft clearance, at the sides of the rotor and the casing.\r\n\r\n6. What is the function of a thrust bearing?\r\n\r\n\r\nThrust bearings keep the rotor in its correct axial position.\r\n\r\n\r\n7. Pascal law ? Applications?\r\n\r\n\r\n- Pascal's law or the Principle of transmission of fluid-pressure states that \"pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such that the pressure ratio (initial difference) remains the same.\r\nApplication- Hydraulic jacks, Car lifts, Fork Lifts\r\n\r\n\r\n8. Difference between single acting and double acting pump?\r\n\r\n\r\n- In single-acting machines the compression takes place on only one side of the piston; double-acting machines use both sides of the cylinder for compression. The flow is continuous in double acting and in single acting the flow is not continuous unless there is a surge vessel.\r\n\r\n9. What is a stage in a steam turbine?\r\n\r\n\r\nIn an impulse turbine, the stage is a set of moving blades behind the nozzle. In a reaction turbine, each row of blades is\u00a0called a \"stage.\" A single Curtis stage may consist of two or more rows of moving blades.\r\n\r\n10. What is a diaphragm?\r\n\r\n\r\nPartitions between pressure stages in a turbine\u2019s casing are called diaphragms. They hold the vane-shaped nozzles and seals\u00a0between the stages. Usually labyrinth-type seals are used. One-half of the diaphragm is fitted into the top of the casing, the other half into the bottom.\r\n\r\n11. What are the two basic types of steam turbines?\r\n\r\n\r\nImpulse type.\r\nReaction type.","headline":"Fluid Mechanics Interview Questions with Answers For Mechanical Students","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-29","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/interviewquestionsforfluidmechanicsstudents-300x112.jpg","height":112,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/terminology-of-threads/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/terminologyofthreads-300x238.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/terminology-of-threads/">Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads  What is a Thread?
A Thread is simply a helical structured curve that is used to convert the the Rotational or Linear movement of the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/terminology-of-threads/" aria-label="View Post: Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/terminology-of-threads\/","articleBody":"Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat is a Thread?\r\nA Thread is simply a helical structured curve that is used to convert the the Rotational or Linear movement of the thread. It converts the Linear Movement of the thread to Rotational movement and the Rotational movement of the thread to Linear Movement. A screw thread is usually seen on the Cylinder of the screw that is in the shape of the helix. When the Screw Threads are on the cylinder, those are known as Straight Thread and when the threads are on the Cone, those are known as Tapered Threads.\r\n\r\n\r\nterminology of threads\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWe have two different threads in the screw. The first type of threading is the Internal Thread and the second type of threading is the External Thread. The External thread is known as Male Part and the Internal thread is known as Female Part. These can be both joined only with the help of threads on both the parts. The tightening or loosening of the screw also depends on the threading.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThere are various design considerations to be considered while designing Screw Threads.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. Gender-\r\n\r\nThe gender of the part must be determined first, so we can ensure the manufacturing of the part successfully with high accuracy.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Handedness-\r\n\r\nThere are two types of Handedness in the threading. Left Handedness and Right Handedness. The Left handed threading starts from left to right where as the Right handed threading starts from right to left.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3. Form Factor-\r\n\r\nThere are different forms of threading. Threads may be at an angle of 45 degrees with flat head on it. They may be at 45 degrees with pointed head on it. There are many forms of threading.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n4. Angle-\r\n\r\nThe Angle alone comes under the main consideration for designing and manufacturing threading on the cylinder. Universal angle is 60 degrees.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n5. Lead-\r\n\r\nLead is the distance a thread take for one complete revolution. There are many different leads depending on the size and shape of the threading.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n6. Pitch-\r\n\r\nPitch is the distance between the two threads on the cylinder. It may be internal or external threading. The pitch that is considered for internal threads is known as internal pitch and for external is external pitch. Mostly, it varies for all the threads.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n7. Diameters-\r\n\r\nThere are many types of diameters to be considered. Major Diameter, Minor Diameter and Pitch Diameter are the diameters to be considered.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n8. Depth of cut-\r\n\r\nDepth of cut is an important factor which involves the internal threading and external threading dimensions.","headline":"Nomenclature of Mechanical Threads- Diagram Of Threads","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-27","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/terminologyofthreads-300x238.png","height":238,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-hydraulic-brakes-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/hydraulicbrakingsystemworking-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hydraulic Brakes &#8211; Parts, Working, Diagram, Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-hydraulic-brakes-advantages/">Hydraulic Brakes &#8211; Parts, Working, Diagram, Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hydraulic Brake : 
The brakes which are actuated by the hydraulic pressure (pressure of fluid) are called hydraulic brakes. Hydraulic brakes are commonly used in automobiles. Principle Hydraulic...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-hydraulic-brakes-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Hydraulic Brakes &#8211; Parts, Working, Diagram, Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hydraulic Brakes &#8211; Parts, Working, Diagram, Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/working-of-hydraulic-brakes-advantages\/","articleBody":"Hydraulic Brake :\u00a0\r\nThe brakes which are actuated by the hydraulic pressure (pressure of fluid) are called hydraulic brakes. Hydraulic brakes are commonly used in automobiles. Principle Hydraulic brakes work on the principle of Pascal\u2019s law which states that \u201cpressure at a point in a fluid is equal in all directions in space\u201d. According to this law when pressure is applied on fluid it travels equally in all directions so that uniform braking action is applied on all four wheels.\r\n\r\nRead more:\u00a0Introduction To Brakes and Different Types Of Brake\r\nConstruction and Working of Hydraulic Brakes\u00a0\r\nWhen the brake pedal is pressed, the force is transmitted to the brake shoes through a liquid (link). The pedal force is multiplied and transmitted to all brake shoes by a force transmission system. The figure shows the system of a hydraulic brake of a four-wheeled automobile. It consists of a master cylinder, four-wheel cylinders, and pipes carrying a brake fluid from the master cylinder to a wheel cylinder.\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Of Hydraulic Brake -Components Of Hydraulic Brake System\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe most common arrangement of hydraulic brakes for\u00a0passenger\u00a0vehicles, motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds, consists of the following:\r\n\r\na) Brake pedal or lever\r\nb) A push rod (also called an actuating rod)\r\nc) A master cylinder assembly containing a piston assembly (made up of either one or two pistons, a return spring, a series of gaskets\/ O-rings and a fluid reservoir)\r\nd) Reinforced hydraulic lines\r\ne) Brake caliper assembly usually consisting of one or two hollow aluminum or chrome-plated steel pistons (called caliper pistons), a set of thermally conductive brake pads, and a rotor (also called a brake disc) or drum attached to an axle.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nhydraulic braking system diagram\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe master cylinder is connected to all the four-wheel cylinders by tubing or piping. All cylinders and tubes are fitted with a fluid that acts as a link to transmit pedal force from the master cylinder to wheel cylinders. Brake Fluid The fluid-filled in the hydraulic brake system is known as brake fluid. It is a mixture of glycerine and alcohol or castor oil and some additives. The Master cylinder consists of a piston that is connected to peal through the connecting rod. The wheel cylinder consists of two pistons between which fluid is filled. Each wheel brake consists of a cylinder brake drum. This drum is mounted on the inner side of the wheel. The drum revolves with the wheel. Two brake shoes that are mounted inside the drum remain stationary. Heat and wear resistant brake linings are fitted on the surface of the brake shoes.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking of Hydraulic Brakes\u00a0\r\nWhen the brake pedal is pressed to apply the brakes, the piston in the master cylinder forces the brake fluid. This increases the pressure of the fluid. This pressure is transmitted in all the pipes and up to all-wheel cylinders according to Pascal\u2019s law. This increased pressure forces out the two pistons in the wheel cylinders. These pistons are connected to brake shoes. So, the brake shoes expand out against brake drums. Due to friction between brake linings and drums, wheels slow down and brakes are applied.\r\n\r\nWorking of master cylinder of Hydraulic brake:\r\n1) Brakes applied: \r\n\r\nWhen the brake pedal is operated, the pushrod moves the piston against the action of the spring force. When sufficient pressure is built up, the rubber cap of fluid check valve deflects and the high-pressure fluid enters the wheel cylinder through fluid lines and operates the brake shoe against the revolving drum.\r\n\r\n2) Brakes released: \r\n\r\nWhen the pedal is released, the piston return towards its initial position due to the spring force and closes the fluid check valve for a short time to avoid entry of any air. The fluid from the lines also comes back in the compression chamber by lifting the check valve off its seat.\r\nMethod of Bleeding of hydraulic brakes:\r\n1) Pressure Bleeding \r\na) Using air b) By forcing brake fluid\r\n2) Manual Bleeding\r\n3) Gravity bleeding\r\n\r\n1) Pressure bleeding:\r\n\r\nPressure bleeder is a device used for bleeding procedure that is attached to the master cylinder. The pressure bleeder supplies pressurized brake fluid to the master cylinder.\r\nWhen the bleeder screw is opened, the pressure force air and brake fluid out of the bleeder screw. With a pressure bleeder, you can bleed the hydraulic system without any helper. The pressure used in pressure is usually 104 to 138 KPa.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\npressure bleeding\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Manual bleeding of Hydraulic brakes:\r\n\r\nTwo service technicians are needed for the manual bleeding. One technician opens a bleeder and the other technician depresses the pedal, to force out air and brake fluid from the bleeder screw. To bleed the system following procedure is adopted.\r\n\r\na) Attach a bleeder hose to bleeder screw at the wheel cylinder and insert the other end of the hose into the clean plastic container which is partially filled with clean brake fluid.\r\nb) Loosen the bleeder screw at least one full turn.\r\nc) Have an assistant to depress and hold the brake pedal and then tighten the bleeder screw.\r\nd) Have your assistant to release the brake pedal.\r\ne) Repeat steps b,c &amp; d until the fluid flow in the container is free of air bubbles. Periodically check the brake fluid level in the master cylinder and brake fluid of correct grading to keep the reservoir filled.\r\nf) Repeat this procedure at each wheel.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nManual bleeding of hydraulic brakes\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3) Gravity bleeding:\r\n\r\nGravity bleeding is the method of bleeding that uses the earth's gravity to bleed air from the hydraulic system. No external force is applied to brake fluid. To bleed the system following procedure is adopted.\r\n\r\na) At the wheel, the cylinder loose the bleeder screw at least one full turn.\r\nb) Remove the cover from the master cylinder reservoir. The level of brake fluid to flow from the bleeder screw.\r\nc) Watch the bleeder hose when brake fluid flows from opening and tightening the screw.\r\nd) Repeat this procedure at each wheel in sequence and it should be changed.\r\n\r\n\r\nTypes of Hydraulic Braking System :\u00a0\r\nThe hydraulic braking scheme is categorized as,\u00a0\r\n\r\n1. Based on the frictional contact system, there are two kinds of hydraulic pumps\u2013\r\n\r\n(i)drum brake or inner hydraulic valve expansion.\r\n(ii) Hydraulic disk brakes or internal hydraulic brakes.\r\n\r\n2. Based on the brake force allocation-there are two kinds of hydraulic brakes-\r\n\r\n(i) single-acting hydraulic pumps\r\n(ii)dual-acting hydraulic pumps\r\nHydraulic Disc Brake:\r\nConstruction of Hydraulic Disc Brake :\r\nA disc brake consists of a rotating disc and two friction pads that are actuated by a hydraulic braking system. The friction pads remain free on each side of the disc when brakes are no applied. They rub against the disc when brakes are applied to stop the vehicle.\r\n\r\nHydraulic disc Braking System Diagram\r\nWorking of Hydraulic Disc Brake :\r\nIn a disc brake, the fluid from the master cylinder is forced into a caliper where it presses against a piston. The piston in turn crushes two brake pads against the disc that is being attached to the wheel, making it to stop or slow down. The main advantage of disc brakes is their resistance to wear as the discs remain cool even after repeated brake applications.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDifference between Mechanical Braking System and Hydraulic Braking System\u00a0\r\nMechanical Brakes vs hydraulic brakes - Comparison between Mechanical Braking System and Hydraulic braking system is as follow,\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr. no.Mechanical Braking SystemHydraulic Braking System\n\n\n\n\n\t1.Less Braking efficiency.More Braking Efficiency.\n\n\n\t2.Poor Anti fade characteristicsBetter Anti-fade characteristics\n\n\n\t3.Complicated due to more parts.Simple in construction\n\n\n\t4.It do no self compensateSelf-compensating system\n\n\n\t5.Construction is less flexibleConstruction is more flexible\n\n\n\t6.Low mechanical advantageHigh mechanical advantage\n\n\n\t7.External Lubrication is requiredSystem is self-lubricating\n\n\n\t8.No leakage problemLeakage may take place\n\n\n\t9.No hydraulic oil useHydraulic oil is used\n\n\n\t10.More effort required for braking\noperationLess effort required for braking operation\n\n\n\t11.CheaperExpensive\n\n\n\t12.Ex: Motor CyclesEx: Cars and Jeeps.\n\n\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDifference between Hydraulic and Pneumatic Braking System:\r\nHydraulic vs Pneumatic braking System - Comparison between Hydraulic and Pneumatic Braking System\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr. no. Hydraulic Braking SystemPneumatic Braking System\n\n\n\n\n\t1.Braking Fluid used as a working mediumCompressed air is used as a working medium\n\n\n\t2.Simple in construction &amp; less expensive.Complicated in construction and expensive.\n\n\n\t3.Occupied less space as compared to Air brakeOccupied more space as compared to Hydraulic brake\n\n\n\t4.The system is self-lubricatingNeed to lubricate mechanical parts\n\n\n\t5.Bleeding is necessaryNo need for bleeding\n\n\n\t6.The increased braking effort, but less powerful than air brakes.Most powerful than Hydraulic brake\n\n\n\t7.Low maintenance costMaintenance cost is more\n\n\n\t8.Mostly used in passenger cars, LMVsMostly used in heavy vehicles like buses and trucks.\n\n\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages and Disadvantages of Hydraulic Braking System :\u00a0\r\nHydraulic Braking System has some advantages and limitations over other Braking System i.e. Mechanical, Pneumatic braking System ;\u00a0\r\nAdvantages of Hydraulic Braking System :\u00a0\r\nThe advantages of the hydraulic braking system are as follows,\r\n(a) Equal braking action on all wheels.\r\n(b) Increased braking force.\r\n(c) Simple in construction.\r\n(d) The low wear rate of brake linings.\r\n(e) The flexibility of brake linings.\r\n(f) Increased mechanical advantage.\r\nDisadvantages of Hydraulic Braking System :\u00a0\r\nDisadvantages of the hydraulic braking system are as follows,\r\n(a) The whole braking system fails due to leakage of fluid from brake linings.\r\n(b) The presence of air inside the tubings ruins the whole system\r\n(c) Maintenance is more than other braking systems.\r\n(d) Construction is complex.\r\nSee Also: Working Of Pneumatic \/Air Braking System\u00a0","headline":"Hydraulic Brakes &#8211; Parts, Working, Diagram, Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-27","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 30, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/hydraulicbrakingsystemworking-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-cone-clutch-advantages-and/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/coneclutchdiagramworking-300x285.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Cone Clutch -Parts , Working, Advantages , Disadvantages, Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-cone-clutch-advantages-and/">Cone Clutch -Parts , Working, Advantages , Disadvantages, Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Cone Clutch - Basic 
A Clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission mainly from the driving shaft to the driven shaft. Clutch placed between Flywheel and Pressure...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-cone-clutch-advantages-and/" aria-label="View Post: Cone Clutch -Parts , Working, Advantages , Disadvantages, Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Cone Clutch -Parts , Working, Advantages , Disadvantages, Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/working-of-cone-clutch-advantages-and\/","articleBody":"Cone Clutch - Basic\u00a0\r\nA Clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission mainly from the driving shaft to the driven shaft. Clutch placed between Flywheel and Pressure Plate. Generally, the driving shaft connected to the engine, and the driven shaft provides output power.\r\nCone Clutch -\u00a0 Construction\u00a0\r\nThe Cone clutch consists of friction surfaces in the form of a cone. The engine Crankshaft consists of a female cone. Generally, the male cone is mounted on the splined clutch shaft. It has friction surfaces on the conical portion. The male cone can slide on the clutch shaft. Cone clutches are generally used in low peripheral (relating to) speed vehicles. They were commonly used in automobiles and other combustion engine transmissions. Small cone clutches are used in synchronizer mechanisms in manual transmissions. Cone clutches are not used in racing and rallying etc vehicles.\r\n\r\n\r\n Working Diagram Of Cone Clutch\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking of Cone Clutch:\r\nA cone clutch serves the same purpose as a disk or plate clutch. However, instead of mating two spinning disks, the cone clutch uses two conical surfaces to transmit torque from the engine to wheels by friction. When the driver presses the clutch pedal, the male cone slides against the spring force, and the clutch is disengaged. When the driver removes the pressure on the clutch pedal, the friction surfaces of the male cone are in direct contact with the female cone due to the force of the spring.\r\n\r\nDifference Between Multiplate clutch and Cone Clutch :\u00a0\r\n1. \r\n\r\nMulti-plate clutches - Small power transmission for the same operating condition.\r\n\r\nCone Clutch - Very large power\/torque transmission. (Because of increase of normal force). i.e. Fn = F\/Sin\u03b1; \u03b1 is semi cone angle F is axial force; Fn is the normal force\r\n\r\n2. \r\n\r\nMultiplate clutch - Size is larger\u00a0\r\n\r\nCone Clutch - Smaller size or require less actuating force compared with plate clutch.\r\nCone Clutch Formulas\u00a0\r\ncone clutch formulas\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages Of Cone Clutch:\r\n\r\n \tA small axial force is required to keep the clutch engaged.\r\n \tSimple design.\r\n \tFor a given dimension, the torque transmitted by the cone clutch is higher than that of a single plate clutch.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages Of Cone Clutch :\r\n\r\n \tOne pair of friction surfaces only.\r\n \tThe tendency to grab.\r\n \tThe small cone angle causes some reluctance in disengagement.\r\n \tIf the angle of the cone is smaller than 200, the male cone tends to bind or joint in the female cone. It requires heavy force to disengage the clutch.\r\n \tA small amount of wear on the cone surface results a considerable axial movement of the male cone for which it will be difficult to allow.\r\n\r\nApplication Of Cone Clutch :\r\n\r\n \tCone Clutches are used in specialist transmissions in racing, rallying, or in extreme off-road or other industrial applications.\r\n \tPresswork\r\n \tMachine Tools\r\n \tRacing Car","headline":"Cone Clutch -Parts , Working, Advantages , Disadvantages, Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"September 12, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/coneclutchdiagramworking-300x285.jpg","height":285,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-brinell-rockwell-vickers/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/differencebetweenvickerrockwellbrinellhardnesstester-283x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-brinell-rockwell-vickers/">Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test  What is Hardness?
Hardness is the property of a material that enables it to resist plastic deformation, usually by penetration....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-brinell-rockwell-vickers/" aria-label="View Post: Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/difference-brinell-rockwell-vickers\/","articleBody":"Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test\r\n\r\nWhat is Hardness?\r\nHardness is the property of a material that enables it to resist plastic deformation, usually by penetration. However, the term hardness may also refer to resistance to bending, scratching, abrasion or cutting.\r\n\r\nMeasurement of Hardness:\r\nHardness is not an intrinsic material property dictated by precise definitions in terms of fundamental units of mass, length and time. A hardness property value is the result of a defined measurement procedure. Hardness of materials has probably long been assessed by resistance to scratching or cutting. An example would be material B scratches material C, but not material A. Alternatively, material A scratches material B slightly and scratches material C heavily. Relative hardness of minerals can be assessed by reference to the Moh's Scale that ranks the ability of materials to resist scratching by another material. Similar methods of relative hardness assessment are still commonly used today. An example is the file test where a file tempered to a desired hardness is rubbed on the test material surface. If the file slides without biting or marking the surface, the test material would be considered harder than the file. If the file bites or marks the surface, the test material would be considered softer than the file. The above relative hardness tests are limited in practical use and do not provide accurate numeric data or scales particularly for modern day metals and materials. The usual method to achieve a hardness value is to measure the depth or area of an indentation left by an indenter of a specific shape, with a specific force applied for a specific time. There are three principal standard test methods for expressing the relationship between hardness and the size of the impression, these being Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell. For practical and calibration reasons, each of these methods is divided into a range of scales, defined by a combination of applied load and indenter geometry.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ndifference between vicker rockwell brinell hardness tester\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRockwell\r\n\r\nBrinell\r\n\r\nVickers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nNo\u00a0specimen preparation required\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0specimen surface can be rough\r\n\r\nSpecimens\u00a0need to be prepared\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHardness\u00a0value directly readable, no optical evaluation required\r\n\r\nGood\u00a0illumination of the test indent is important for ensuring correct evaluation\r\n of the test indent (e.g. with the aid of a ring light).\r\n\r\nDue\u00a0to the need to conduct optical indent evaluation, Vickers hardness testers\r\n must be equipped with an optical system\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nQuick\u00a0and cost-effective process\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0process is slow (by comparison with the Rockwell method). The test cycle\r\n takes somewhere between 30 and 60 seconds\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0process is rather slow. The test cycle takes somewhere between 30 and 60\r\n seconds\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nNon-destructive\u00a0testing\r\n\r\nLimitation\u00a0in applying the method on thin specimens of very hard materials\r\n\r\nNon-destructive\u00a0testing is possible\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nNot\u00a0always the most accurate hardness testing method\r\n\r\nHigh\u00a0risk of deforming the material to be tested when testing in the macro range\r\n with high test loads\r\n\r\nMore\u00a0expensive to purchase than Rockwell testers due to optical system\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0test location must be completely free of all contamination (e.g. scale,\r\n foreign bodies or oil)\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0surface quality of the specimen must be good, because the indent is measured\r\n optically\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0surface quality of the specimen must be good (ground and polished)\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0indenter has unknown effects on the test results\r\n\r\nRelatively\u00a0large test indents that are easier to measure the rather small Vickers\r\n indentations\r\n\r\nOnly\u00a0one type of indenter\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWith\u00a0increasing hardness, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish between\u00a0materials\r\n\r\nCan\u00a0be used for testing non-homogeneous materials (e.g. castings)\r\n\r\nThe\u00a0Vickers method can be used with any and all materials and test specimens","headline":"Difference between, Brinell,Rockwell and Vickers Hardness Test","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-22","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/differencebetweenvickerrockwellbrinellhardnesstester-283x300.png","height":300,"width":283},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-between-impulse-and-reaction/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Differencebetwwenimpulseandreactionturbine-251x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-between-impulse-and-reaction/">Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine  The hydraulic turbine is a prime mover that uses the energy of flowing water and converts  is  into  the  mechanical  energy  in  the  form...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/difference-between-impulse-and-reaction/" aria-label="View Post: Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/difference-between-impulse-and-reaction\/","articleBody":"Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine\r\n\r\nThe hydraulic turbine is a prime mover that uses the energy of flowing water and converts \u00a0is \u00a0into \u00a0the \u00a0mechanical \u00a0energy \u00a0in \u00a0the \u00a0form \u00a0of \u00a0rotation \u00a0of \u00a0the \u00a0runner.\r\n\r\nClassification of Hydraulic turbines:\r\n1) Based on type of energy at inlet to the turbine:\r\nImpulse Turbine : The energy is in the form of kinetic form. e.g: Pelton wheel, Turbo wheel.\r\nReaction Turbine : The energy is in both Kinetic and Pressure form. e.g: Tubular, Bulb, Propellar, Francis turbine.\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More: Impulse and Reaction turbine Working Principle\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDifference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbines\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nImpulse Turbine\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nReaction Turbine\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nAll the available energy of the fluid is converted into kinetic energy by an\r\n efficient nozzle that forms a free\u00a0jet\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nOnly a portion of the fluid energy is transformed into kinetic energy before the\r\n fluid enters the turbine runner.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe jet is unconfined and at atmospheric pressure throughout the action of water\r\n on the runner, and during its subsequent flow to the tail race.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nWater enters the runner with an excess pressure, and then both the velocity and\r\n pressure change as water passes through the runner\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nBlades are only in action when they are in front of the nozzle.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nBlades are in action all the time.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nWater may be allowed to enter a part or whole of the wheel circumference\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nWater is admitted over the circumference of the wheel.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe wheel does not run full and air has free access to the buckets.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nWater completely fills the vane passages throughout the operation of the turbine.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nCasing has no hydraulic function to perform; it only serves to prevent splashing and\r\n to guide the water to the tail race.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nPressure at inlet to the turbine is much higher than the pressure at outlet ; unit has\r\n to be sealed from atmospheric conditions and, therefore, casing is absolutely\r\n essential\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nUnit is installed above the tail race.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nUnit is kept entirely submerged in water below the tail race.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nFlow regulation is possible without loss.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nFlow regulation is always accompanied by loss.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nWhen water glides over the moving blades, its relative velocity either remains\r\n constant or reduces slightly due to friction.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nSince there is continuous drop in pressure during flow through the blade passages,\r\n the relative velocity does increase.","headline":"Difference Between Impulse and Reaction Turbine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-06-22","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Differencebetwwenimpulseandreactionturbine-251x300.png","height":300,"width":251},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical 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