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class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On High Speed Machining (HSM) Report Download  Over the past 60 years, high speed machining (HSM) has been applied to a wide range of metallic and non-metallic work piece materials...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-high-speed-machining-hs/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On High Speed Machining (HSM) Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On High Speed Machining (HSM) Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-high-speed-machining-hs\/","articleBody":"Seminar On High Speed Machining (HSM) Report Download\r\n\r\nOver the past 60 years, high speed machining (HSM) has been applied to a wide range of metallic and non-metallic work piece materials including the production of components with specific topography requirements and machining of materials with hardness of 50 HRC and above.\r\nWith most steel components hardened to approximately 32-42 HRC, machining operations currently include:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tRough machining and semi-finishing of the material\r\n \tHeat treatment to achieve the final required hardness\r\n \tMachining of electrodes and electrical discharge machining of specific parts of the dies or moulds\r\n \tFinishing and super finishing of surfaces\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nDEFINITION OF HSM\r\nThe first definition of \u00a0 HSM was proposed by Carl Salomon in 1931.He assumed that \u201cAt a certain cutting speed which is 5-10 times higher than in conventional machining, the chip removal temperature at the cutting edge will start to decrease\u201d.\u00a0\r\nThe figure below illustrates his definition. There is a relative decrease of the temperature at the cutting edge that starts at certain cutting speeds for different materials.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nchip removal temperature as a result of the cutting speed\r\n\r\nActually there are many different ways to define HSM, upon them HSM is said to be,\r\n\u2022 High cutting speed machining (Vc)\r\n\u2022 High rotational speed machining (n)\r\n\u2022 High feed machining (Vf)\r\n\u2022 High speed and feed machining\r\n\u2022 High productive machining\r\nFinally, \u201cHSM is a powerful machining method that combines high feed rates with high spindle speeds, specific tools and specific tool motion\u201d.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n \tMajor advantages of HSM are high material removal rates, the reduction in lead times, low cutting forces, dissipation of heat with chip removal resulting in decrease in work piece distortion and increase part precision and surface finish.\r\n \tLow cutting force gives a small and consistent tool deflection. This in combination with a constant stock for each operation and tool is one of the prerequisites for a highly productive and safe process.\r\n \tCutting tool and work piece temperature are kept low which gives a prolonged tool life in many cases.\r\n\r\nAPPLICATION AREAS OF HSM\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn this industry HSM is used to machine such parts as\r\n\r\n\r\n \tDie casting dies: This is an area where HSM can be utilized in a productive way as most castings dies are made of demanding tool steels and have a moderate or small size.\r\n \tForging dies: \u00a0Most forging dies are suitable for HSM due to their complex shape. The surface is very hard and often prone cracks.\r\n \tInjection moulds and blow moulds: These are also suitable for HSM, because of their small sizes. This makes it economical to perform all operations in one step.\r\n \tMilling of electrodes in graphite and copper: It is an excellent area for HSM. Graphite can be machined in a productive way with Ti(C,N) or diamond coated solid carbide end mills.\r\n \tModeling and prototyping of dies and moulds: \u00a0This is one of the earliest areas for HSM. Easy to machine materials such as aluminum are used. The cutting speeds are often as high as 15000-50000 rpm and the feeds are also very high.\r\n\r\nComparison between conventional machining and HSM process:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCONVENTIONAL\r\n\r\nHSM\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe contact\r\ntime between the cutting edge and work piece is large\r\n\r\nContact time\r\nbetween the cutting edge and work piece is short\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLess accurate\r\nwork piece\r\n\r\nMore accurate\r\nwork piece\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCutting force\r\nis large\r\n\r\nLow cutting\r\nforce\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCutting fluid\r\nis required\r\n\r\nCutting fluid\r\nis not required\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLow surface\r\nfinish\r\n\r\nHigh surface\r\nfinish\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMaterial\r\nremoval rate is low\r\n\r\nMaterial\r\nremoval rate is high\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Need for expensive and special machine tools with advanced spindles and controllers\r\n\u2022 Excessive tool wear.\r\n\u2022 The higher acceleration and deceleration rates, spindle start and stop give a relatively faster wear of guide ways, ball screws and spindle bearings which leads to higher maintenance cost.\r\n\u2022 Emergency stop is practically unnecessary! Human mistakes, hard ware or software errors give big consequences.\r\n\u2022 Good work and process planning necessary.\r\n\u2022 It can be difficult to find and recruit advanced staff.\r\n\r\nCONCLUSION\r\n\r\n\r\n \tHSM is not simply high cutting speed. It should be regarded as a process where the operations are performed with very specific methods and production equipment.\r\n \tHSM is not necessarily high spindle speed machining. Many HSM applications are performed with moderate spindle speeds and large sized cutters.\r\n \tHSM is performed in finishing in hardened steel with high speeds and feeds often with \u00a04-6 times conventional cutting data.\r\n\r\n\r\nDOWNLOAD:\r\nSeminar Report On High Speed Machining (HSM) Report Download","headline":"Seminar On High Speed Machining (HSM) Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/chipremovaltemperatureasaresultofthecuttingspeed-300x182.png","height":182,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-cryogenic-grinding-repor/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SeminarOnCryogenicGrindingReportDownload-291x300.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-cryogenic-grinding-repor/">Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download   ABSTRACT
Cryogenic grinding permits heat-sensitive, thermoplastic, and elastic materials to be economically ground to very small particle sizes....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-cryogenic-grinding-repor/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-cryogenic-grinding-repor\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download\u00a0\r\n\r\nABSTRACT\r\nCryogenic grinding permits heat-sensitive, thermoplastic, and elastic materials to be economically ground to very small particle sizes. The cryogenic process actually embrittle a material prior to size reduction and controls heat buildup in the grinding equipment. The result is high product quality and system productivity.\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Cryogenic grinding involves cooling a material below its embitterment temperature with a cryogenic fluid, typically liquid nitrogen or, in certain applications, carbon dioxide. After cooling, the material is fed into an impact mill where it is reduced in size primarily by brittle fracture\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Cryogenic grinding is used for grinding spices, thermoplastics, Elastomers, color concentrates, and similar materials. It is also used to recover a variety of scrap materials, such as factory scrap rubber and scrap tires, and to separate the components in composite materials.\r\n\u00a0\r\nIntroduction to Cryogenic Grinding :\r\nCryogenic grinding technology can efficiently grind most tough materials and can also \u00a0 facilitate Cryogenic recycling of tough composite materials and multi component scrap. The heart of this technology is the CRYO-GRIND SYSTEM. It employs a cryogenic process to embrittle and grind materials to achieve consistent particle size for a wide range of products. The cryogenic process also has a unique capability for recycling difficult to separate composite materials.\r\n\u00a0\r\nCryogenic grinding is a method of powdering herbs at sub-zero temperatures ranging from 0 to minus 70\u00b0F. The herbs are frozen with liquid nitrogen as they are being ground. This process does not damage or alter the chemical composition of the plant in any way. Normal grinding processes which do not use a cooling system can reach up to 200\u00b0F. These high temperatures can reduce volatile components and heat-sensitive constituents in herbs. The cryogenic grinding process starts with air-dried herbs, rather than freeze-dried herbs.\r\n\u00a0\r\nCRYOGENIC GRINDING TECHNOLOGY\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 For pulverizing many materials, cryogenic grinding technology increases productivity and lowers power costs. Many elastic or \"soft\" materials are very difficult to pulverize, requiring long cycle times and high energy consumption. This combination decreased productivity and increased costs unnecessarily. Cryogenic grinding involves cooling a material below its embrittlement temperature with a cryogenic fluid, typically liquid nitrogen or, in certain applications, carbon dioxide. After cooling, the material is fed into an impact mill where it is reduced in size primarily by brittle fracture. This process has several benefits:\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Ability to process relatively \"soft\" or elastic materials that cannot otherwise be ground\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Increased throughput\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Reduced power consumption\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Smaller size particles\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Minimal loss of volatile components\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Lower capital investment\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nProbably the greatest benefit provided by cryogenic grinding is the ability to grind \"soft\" or elastic materials that otherwise could not be ground, or could be ground only with long cycle times and high energy use. By embrittling the material, fine powder or crumb can be obtained easily and with a minimum expenditure of energy. Because embrittled material grinds easily, the throughput for a given mill is substantially increased and less power is used per pound of material ground.\r\n\u00a0\r\nADVANTAGES OF CRYOGRINDING\r\n1. Higher production rate\r\n2. Lower energy consumption\u00a0\r\n3. Finer particle size\u00a0\r\n4. More uniform particle distribution\u00a0\r\n5. Lower grinding cost\r\n6. No heat generation which is good while grinding spices, pharmaceuticals and scrap plastics\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n7. Provides an inert atmosphere thus eliminating the possibility of oxidation\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nWORKING OF CRYOGRINDING PLANT\r\nThe spice to be ground is cleaned manually and fed in to the hopper. From the outlet of the hopper the spice enters in to the vibratory feeder, which is positioned with a small inclination towards the entry of the helical screw conveyor. The vibratory feeder has a provision to control the feed rate.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nSeminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe grinding mill is driven by a 5.5 KW, 3 \u2013 phase,50 Hz motor. The mill is connected with the motor by a flat belt between the motor pulley and the mill pulley. Inside the mill, stud disc is mounted on the shaft. The circularly projecting studs fit between the similar projecting studs from the rear of the front door. The spice to be ground gets locked between the studs of the rotating disc and studs of the stationary disc. When the mill is running, the spice gets crushed between the studs and comes out through an optional sieve as a ground product.\r\nThe helical screw conveyor has a total length of a metre \u00a0where the fed material travels horizontally to the grinding mill. The screw conveyor is driven by a 0.75 KW drive with reduction gear and inverter control. Liquid nitrogen from a storage container is sprayed into the screw conveyor. The time of stay of spice in the conveyor can be adjusted by varying the speed of the drives. A censor monitors the temperature of the ground spice and the liquid nitrogen spray is optimized using automatic feed back control.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nTo the bottom of the mill a collecting bin is housed where the ground product gets collected. The bottom of this tapering collecting bin, a rotary \u00a0valve is mounted which is driven by a 0.37 KW motor. The rotary \u00a0valve has 8 compartments mounted radially in the same plane. The product, which comes out of the rotary valve, is lifted to the storage container by the Hapman Helix conveyor. This is driven by a 0.37 KW motor. The vaporized nitrogen from the mill is sucked by a centrifugal blower and through the filter assembly if fed back to the mill.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nDownload:\r\n\u00a0Seminar Report On Cryogenic Grinding System PDF Download .","headline":"Seminar On Cryogenic Grinding Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/SeminarOnCryogenicGrindingReportDownload-291x300.png","height":300,"width":291},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-ceramics-disc-brakes-repor/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/discbrake-300x239.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-ceramics-disc-brakes-repor/">Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download 
Disc brakes were most popular on sports cars when they were first introduced, since these vehicles are more demanding about brake performance....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-ceramics-disc-brakes-repor/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-ceramics-disc-brakes-repor\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download\u00a0\r\nDisc brakes were most popular on sports cars when they were first introduced, since these vehicles are more demanding about brake performance. Discs have now become the more common form in most passenger vehicles, although many use drum brakes on the rear wheels to keep costs and weight down as well as to simplify the provisions for a parking brake. As the front brakes perform most of the braking effort, this can be a reasonable compromise.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nRead More:\u00a0Introduction to Automobile Braking System- Types Of Brakes\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nCONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF DISC BRAKE\r\n\u00a0\r\nDisc brakes offer better stopping performance than comparable drum brakes, including resistance to \"brake fade\" caused by the overheating of brake components, and are able to recover quickly from immersion (wet brakes are less effective). Unlike a drum brake, the disc brake has no self-servo effect and the braking force is always proportional to the pressure placed on the braking pedal or lever.\r\nAs shown in fig a disc brake consists of a cast iron disc bolted to the wheel hub and a stationary housing called caliper. The caliper is connected to some stationary part of the vehicle, like the axle casing or the stub axle and is cast in two parts, each part containing a piston. In between each piston and disc there is a friction pad held in position by retaining pins, spring plates etc., passages are drilled in the caliper for the fluid to enter or leave each of the housing.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDisc Brake\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nTwo types brake discs are generally used the solid type and the ventilated type. But the ventilated type are thicker and heavier than solid type, they are liable to wrap at severe braking conditions, the dirt accumulates in the vents which affects cooling and apart produces wheel imbalance.\r\n\r\nThe discs of the brakes are made of pearlite gray cast iron. The material is cheap and has good anti-wear properties. Cast steel discs have also been employed in certain cases, which wear still less and provide higher coefficient of friction. Their main drawback is the non uniform frictional behavior.\r\n\u00a0\r\nOn non-driving wheels, the centre of the brake disc or hub contains the wheel bearings. The hub can be part of the brake disc or a separate assembly between the wheel and hub with nuts or bolts. On driving wheels, the disc is mounted onto the driving axle and may be held in place by the wheel. On front wheel drive vehicles, it can be mounted on the front hub and wheel bearing assembly.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nMANUFACTURING OF CERAMIC BRAKE DISCS\r\n\u00a0\r\nIn the earlier days, the brake discs were made from the conventional brittle ceramic materials would have disintegrated into a thousand pieces under slightest pressure. The research division of Daimler Chrysler has developed techniques to make carbon fiber reinforced brake discs which avoid the brittleness problem. In the earlier days, long carbon fibers were used. Later the use of short carbon fibers increased the efficiency.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe composites for producing fiber reinforced ceramic brake discs are short carbon fibers, carbon powder, and resin mix. The process involves first compressing the carbon fibers, carbon powder and the resin mix together and then sintering at 1000 degree Celsius. In the furnace a stable carbon frame work created. This consists of carbon fibers in a carbon matrix. Once cooled this material can be ground like wood and the brake disc obtains its final shape.\r\n\u00a0\r\nTogether with silicon the ground break disk blank is then inserted into the furnace a second time. The pores in the carbon framework absorb the silicon melt like a sponge; the fibers themselves remain unaffected by this process. The ceramic material is created when the matrix carbon combines with liquid silicon. This fiber reinforced ceramic material cools over night and the gleaming dark grey brake disc is ready.\r\n\u00a0\r\nResin is a binder, which holds the different constituents together. Resins are of two types:\r\n1. Thermosetting resins\r\n2. Thermoplastic resins\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCOMPARISON OF CERAMIC BRAKES AND CONVENTIONAL BRAKE DISC\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0Using a ceramic composite takes advantage of a material with outstanding hardness (and potentially long life) and an ability to retain its strength and shape at temperatures that would melt conventional iron brake material into a glowing puddle.\r\nSimple single-ingredient ceramics tend to be brittle like dinnerware, though some types work well in turbochargers or as bearings for jet engines. To make ceramics that are tough enough for a brake disc, the material is manufactured as a composite: strands of carbon fiber, which are highly resistant to stretching, are embedded in the material\r\n\u00a0\r\nUntil now brake discs have been made up of grey cast iron, but these are heavy which reduces acceleration, uses more fuel and has a high gyroscopic effect.\r\n\u00a0\r\nCeramic disc brake weigh less than carbon\/carbon discs but have the same frictional values with more initial bite and cost a fraction of price. Carbon \/carbon discs are used only in Formula 1 racing cars etc, because it is so expensive. More over ceramic brake discs are good even in wet conditions which carbon \/ carbon disc notoriously fails to do.\r\nBut comparing their weight, you will see right away that we are looking at two different worlds, with ceramic brake discs more than 61 per cent lighter than conventional cast iron discs. In practice this reduces the weight of the car, depending on the size of the brake discs, by up to 20 kg. And apart from saving fuel, resulting in better and lower emission for the same mileage, this also means a reduction in unsprung masses with a further improvement of shock absorber response and behavior. Another is the manufacturer can add more safety features without adding to current weight.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nAPPLICATION\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIt was first introduced in Formula One, but applying to road cars seems impractical (F1 cars have warm up lap to bring the discs into appropriate working temperature), although the short-lived French sports car specialists Venturi made history by applying it to its road cars in the mid-90s\r\n \tThe new 911 GT2 comes with the most effective braking system ever featured on a production Porsche: the Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB) - a powerful new technology designed to cope with even the most extreme conditions on racetrack and road?\r\n \tMercedes-Benz\u2019s the futuristic Vision GST concept car features 22 inch wheels, 'butterfly' doors, three-dimensional instruments, a 360 horsepower 5.5 litre V8 engine, and carbon-fiber reinforced ceramic disc brakes. Mercedes Benz SLR IS ALSO available with ceramic disc brakes.\r\n\r\nDownload :\r\n\r\n\r\nSeminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download\u00a0","headline":"Seminar On Ceramics Disc Brakes- Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-12","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/discbrake-300x239.jpg","height":239,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-machinability-index-ways-of/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/machinabilityrating2Cindexintermsofcuttingvelocitygiving60mintoollife-300x203.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-machinability-index-ways-of/">What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability
Definition Of Machinability ? 
People tried to describe “Machinability” in several ways such as:
• It is generally applied to...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-machinability-index-ways-of/" aria-label="View Post: What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-machinability-index-ways-of\/","articleBody":"What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability\r\nDefinition Of Machinability ?\u00a0\r\nPeople tried to describe \u201cMachinability\u201d in several ways such as:\r\n\u2022 It is generally applied to the machining properties of work material\r\n\u2022 It refers to material (work) response to machining\r\n\u2022 It is the ability of the work material to be machined\r\n\u2022 It indicates how easily and fast a material can be machined.\r\n\r\nMachinability is a term indicating how the work material responds to the cutting process. In the most\u00a0general case good machinability means that material is cut with good surface finish, long tool life, low force and power requirements, and low cost.\r\n\r\nWhat Is Machinability Index ?\r\n\r\nA closer definition of machinability requires that some quantitative judgement be made. Several possibilities are available, but in practice so called machinability index is often quoted.\r\n\r\nThe machinability index KM is defined by\r\nKM = V60\/V60R\r\nwhere ,\r\n\r\n \tV60 is the cutting speed for the target material that ensures tool life of 60 min,\r\n \tV60R is the same for the reference material. Reference materials are selected for each group of work materials (ferrous and non-ferrous) among the most popular and widely used brands.\r\n\r\nIf KM Greater than 1, the machinability of the target material is better that this of the reference material, and vice versa. Note that this system can be misleading because the index is different for different machining processes.\r\n\r\nExample: Machinability rating\r\n\r\nThe reference material for steels, AISI 1112 steel has an index of 1.\r\n\r\nFor a tool life of 60 min, the AISI 1045 steel should be machined at 0.36 m\/s.\r\n\r\nHence, the machinability index for this steel is,\r\n\r\nKM = 0.36\/0.5 = 0.72.\r\n\r\nThis index is smaller than 1, therefore, AISI 1045 steel has a worse workability than AISI 1112\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nMachinability Rating\r\n\r\nMachinability of different materials\r\n\r\nLeaded steels: lead acts as a solid lubricant in cutting to improve considerably machinability.\r\nResulphurized steels: sulphur forms inclusions that act as stress raisers in the chip\u00a0formation zone thus increasing machinability.\r\nDifficult-to-cut steels: a group of steels of low machinability, such as stainless steels, high manganese steels, precipitation-hardening steels.\r\n\r\nOther metals\r\n\r\nAluminum: easy-to-cut material except for some cast aluminum alloys with silicon\u00a0content that may be abrasive.\r\nCast iron: gray cast iron is generally easy-to-cut material, but some modifications\u00a0and alloys are abrasive or very hard and may cause various problems in cutting.\r\nCooper-based alloys: easy to machine metals. Bronzes are more difficult to machine\u00a0than brass.\r\n\r\n\r\nPossible Ways Of Improving Machinability Of Work\u00a0Materials\r\n\r\n\r\nThe machinability of the work materials can be more or less improved, without sacrificing productivity, by the following ways :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2022 Favourable change in composition, microstructure and mechanical properties by mixing suitable type and amount of additive(s) in the work material and appropriate heat treatment\r\n\u2022 Proper selection and use of cutting tool material and geometry depending upon the work material and the significant machinability criteria under consideration\r\n\u2022 Proper selection and appropriate method of application of cutting fluid depending upon the tool \u2013 work materials, desired levels of productivity i.e., VC and so and also on the primary objectives of the machining work undertaken\r\n\u2022 Proper selection and application of special techniques like dynamic machining, hot machining, cryogenic machining etc, if feasible, economically viable and eco-friendly.","headline":"What Is Machinability Index | Ways Of Improving Machinability","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/machinabilityrating2Cindexintermsofcuttingvelocitygiving60mintoollife-300x203.png","height":203,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-brick-making-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/DRAWINGFORPNEUMATICBRICKMAKINGMACHINE-MODEL-300x194.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-brick-making-machine/">Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project  SYNOPSIS  In our project we are fabricating the pneumatic brick making machine, it is operated by pneumatic cylinder. In olden days or even...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-brick-making-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-brick-making-machine\/","articleBody":"Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\n\r\nIn our project we are fabricating the pneumatic brick making machine, it is operated by pneumatic cylinder. In olden days or even now, most of the brick making industries use human power to make bricks. If it is very few number of bricks it is easy and advisable to use human power but when it is huge in numbers only machines can perform faster, and easily than human. Continuous working of workers leads to fatigue. By considering the above difficulty we have introduced a new concept called pneumatic brick making machine. This project is designed by following blocks, Control unit, Pneumatic cylinder, Motor, screw conveyor, Brick die.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDRAWING Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project\r\n BLOCK DIAGRAM\r\n\r\n\r\nBlock Diagram For \u00a0Pneumatic brick Making Machine\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\n\r\nIn our model pneumatic plays a main role. The sand and water mixture is loaded in the funnel. The funnel outlet leads to a screw conveyor which is placed vertically. The screw conveyor mixes the sand and water thoroughly. After the above process the mixture is allowed to pass to through the outlet. As said above after the outlet is opened the mixture is transferred to the next stage where the shape of brick can be achieved. The mixture is dropped in the brick die. A pneumatic cylinder with pressing plate is arranged in such a manner that it presses the sand mixture in the die to form a rectangular shape. The pneumatic cylinder is actuated with the help of a compressed air and the solenoid valve. The valve can be operated by the electric supply. The solenoid valve changes the direction of the air supply to the pneumatic cylinder. When the air is allowed to pass to the rear side of the cylinder the forward stroke occurs and when the air is passed to the front side the return stroke occurs. Number of die is placed on the conveyor. The conveyor setup has burner arrangement below. The after the above process mixture must be heated to get a rigid form. To make it strong enough the mixtures is heated to a certain limit. All this above process leads to make a brick. These operations can perform by the timing control. The whole operation is controlled by the micro-controller.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tEasy to construct\r\n \tQuick response since it is pneumatic\r\n \tReduces human effort\r\n \tTime consumption is very less.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGE\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIt need separate compressor to operate the cylinder.\r\n\r\n\r\nAPPLICATION\r\n\r\n\r\nIt is applicable in brick making industries.","headline":"Pneumatic Brick Making Machine -Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DRAWINGFORPNEUMATICBRICKMAKINGMACHINE-MODEL-300x194.png","height":194,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-humidification-syste/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/automatichumidificationsystem-300x189.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-humidification-syste/">Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects  SYNOPSIS  A humidifier is a household appliance that increases humidity in a single room or in the entire home. Humidifiers are commonly used...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automatic-humidification-syste/" aria-label="View Post: Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/automatic-humidification-syste\/","articleBody":"Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\r\nA humidifier is a household appliance that increases humidity in a single room or in the entire home. Humidifiers are commonly used to humidify a single room, and whole-house or furnace humidifiers, which connect to a home's HVAC system to provide humidity to the entire house. The humidifier should usually be disabled during the summer months if air conditioning is used; air conditioners partially function by reducing indoor humidity. The main parts used in this project are sprayer, water tank, water solenoid valve, and humidity sensor.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n BLOCK DIAGRAM\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBlock Diagram For Automatic Humidification Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\n\r\nThis project can protect wooden objects, antiques and other furnishings which may be sensitive to damage from overly dry air.\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA water tank is placed on a base frame at certain height. The outlet of water tank is connected to a water solenoid valve. The water solenoids outlet is connected to sprayer. Air is allowed to pass to the sprayer. The air flow is controlled with help of a air solenoid valve. A humidity sensor is fixed on the humidifier set up to sense the humidity level in the room. The water and air is mixed in the sprayer and the water air mixture is sprayed through the nozzle. This happens when the humidity in the room or surrounding decreases below the limit. When the certain limit is exceeded in the room the humidity sensor gives signal to the control unit. This control unit controls the working of the sprayer. As soon as the signals received from the sensor the control unit actuates or deactivates the spray gun. This process increases the humidity level when the humidity in the surrounding is low.\r\n\r\n\r\nDrawing For Automatic humidification Mechanical Projects\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tLow cost\r\n \tInexpensive maintenance\r\n \tMaintains an average humidity level.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tRequirement for frequent inspections of cleanliness and pad condition\r\n \tWater evaporation even when humidification is not required\r\n\r\nAPPLICATION\r\nIt can be used in houses, apartments, hotels, office, gardens etc.","headline":"Automatic Humidification System- Mechanical Projects","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/automatichumidificationsystem-300x189.png","height":189,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=241">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=240"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>240</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=241"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>241</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>242</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=243"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>243</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=244"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>244</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=243">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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