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class="excerpt"><p>Seminar Air craft hydraulic system Report PPT Download    INTRODUCTION
 
Hydraulics is based on a very simple fact of nature - you cannot compress a liquid. You can compress a gas (think about...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-air-craft-hydraulic-syste/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar Air craft hydraulic system Report PPT Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar Air craft hydraulic system Report PPT Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-air-craft-hydraulic-syste\/","articleBody":"Seminar Air craft hydraulic system Report PPT Download \u00a0\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\u00a0\r\nHydraulics is based on a very simple fact of nature - you cannot compress a liquid. You can compress a gas (think about putting more and more air into a tire, the more you put in, the higher the pressure). If you're really strong you can compress a solid mass as well. But no matter how much pressure you apply onto a liquid, it isn't possible to compress it. Now if you put that liquid into a sealed system and push on it at one end, that pressure is transmitted through the liquid to the other end of the system. The pressure is not diminished.\r\n\u00a0\r\nAircraft Hydraulics Definition\r\nIt is a system where liquid under pressure is used to transmit this energy. Hydraulic systems take engine power and convert it to hydraulic power by means of a hydraulic pump. This power can be distributed throughout the airplane by means of tubing that runs through the aircraft. Hydraulic power may be reconverted to mechanical power by means of an actuating cylinder, or turbine.\r\n(1) - A hydraulic pump converts mechanical power to hydraulic power\r\n(2) - An actuating cylinder converts hydraulic power to mechanical power\r\n(3) - Landing Gear\r\n(4) - Engine power (mechanical HP)\r\n\u00a0If an electrical system were used instead of a hydraulic system, a generator would take the place of the pump and a motor would take the place of the actuating cylinder\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nSome Hydraulic Systems in Aircrafts\r\n1. Primary control boosters\u00a0\r\n2. Retraction and extension of landing gear\u00a0\r\n3. Sweep back and forth of wings\u00a0\r\n4. Opening and closing doors and hatchways\u00a0\r\n5. Automatic pilot and gun turrets\u00a0\r\n6. Shock absorption systems and valve lifter systems\u00a0\r\n7. Dive, landing, speed and flap brakes\u00a0\r\n8. Pitch changing mechanism, spoilers on flaps\u00a0\r\n9. Bomb bay doors and bomb displacement gears\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nPrinciples of Operation\r\nPart of the hydraulic system is the actuating cylinder whose main function is to change hydraulic (fluid) power to mechanical (shaft) power. Inside the actuating cylinder is a piston whose motion is regulated by oil under pressure. The oil is in contact with both sides of the piston head but at different pressures. \u00a0High pressure oil may be pumped into either side of the piston head.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\u00a0The selector valve determines to which side of the actuating cylinder the high pressure oil is sent. \u00a0The piston rod of the actuating cylinder is connected to the control surface. \u00a0\r\nAs the piston moves out, the elevator moves down. As the piston moves in, the elevator moves up. The selector valve directs the high pressure oil to the appropriate side of the piston head causing movement of the piston in the actuating cylinder. As the piston moves, the oil on the low pressure side returns to the reservoir since return lines have no pressure!\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nThe differential in oil pressure causes movement of the piston. \u00a0The force generated by this pressure difference can be sufficient to move the necessary loads. \u00a0Each cylinder in\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nthe plane, boat, etc., is designed for what it must do. It can deliver the potential it was made for; no more, no less. Air loads generally determine the force needed in aircraft applications.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nHydraulic System\r\nA hydraulic system transmits power by means of fluid flow under pressure. The rate of flow of the oil through the system into the actuating cylinder will determine the speed with which the piston rod in the actuating cylinder extends or retracts. When the cylinder is installed on the aircraft, it is already filled with oil. \u00a0This insures that no air bubbles are introduced into the hydraulic system, which can adversely affect the operation of the system.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nAircraft Hydraulic System Reservoir\r\n\u00a0\r\nFunctions of the Reservoir\r\n1. Provides air space for expansion of the oil due to temperature changes\u00a0\r\n2. Holds a reserve supply of oil to account for\r\na. thermal contraction of oil.\u00a0\r\nb. normal leakage - oil is used to lubricate piston rods and cylinder seals. When the piston rod moves, it is scraped to remove impurities that might collect on the rod when returning into actuating cylinders. If many actuating cylinders are operating at the same time, then the amount of oil lost is greater.\u00a0\r\nc. emergency supply of oil - \u00a0this case occurs only when the hand pump is used.\u00a0\r\nd. volume changes due to operational requirements - oil needed on side 2 of piston head is less than that needed on side 1 of cylinder piston (which occurs during actuation).\u00a0\r\n3. Provides a place to remove air or foam from liquid.\u00a0\r\n4. Provide a pressure head on the pump, that is, a pressure head due to gravity and depends upon the distance of the reservoir above the power pump.\r\nThe best shape is a domed cylindrical shape. Not only can it be mounted easily, but it can be made to order.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nHydraulic System Hand Pumps\r\n\r\nFunctions\u00a0\r\n1. Hydraulic system hand pumps are used to test the hydraulic system when the plane is on the ground; and,\u00a0\r\n2. acts as an Emergency system of power\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nPrinciples of Operation\u00a0\r\nThe hand pump converts the power of a human being to hydraulic horsepower. For this reason, such pumps are used in older model aircraft.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nConclusion :\r\nReal planes have segments called ailerons inserted in the wings and segments called rudders and elevators inserted respectively in the vertical fin and horizontal stabilizer. The pilot controls their position from the airplane cockpit. When the pilot moves them into the air-stream, they cause the plane to react to air pressure. The pilot uses them to go right or left and also up and down.\r\n\r\nHydraulic systems determine flight worthiness, usability and reliabity\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Hydraulic Systems Over Other Systems\r\n\r\n1. It is lighter in weight than alternate existing systems.\u00a0\r\n2. It is dead beat, that is, there is an absence of sloppiness in its response to demands placed on the system.\u00a0\r\n3. It is reliable; either it works or doesn't.\u00a0\r\n4. It can be easily maintained.\u00a0\r\n5. It is not a shock hazard; it is not much of a fire hazard.\u00a0\r\n6. It can develop practically unlimited force or torque.\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\r\nThe actuating cylinder can change hydraulic power to linear or rotating motion. It has a reduction gear in it to reduce rotating motion to that amount which is needed. \u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\nPreviously, systems used to control motion by using steel cables connected by pulleys between the controlling mechanism (such as the pedals) and the controlled surface (such as the rudder). \u00a0The cables were affected by expansion rates of the cables due to temperature changes. \u00a0Hydraulic systems can control motion without worrying about the effect of temperature since it is a closed system (not open to the atmosphere) compared to a cable system. This means better control of the plane and less lag time between the pilot's movement to control the plane and the response by the control surface.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload :\r\nSeminar Air craft hydraulic system Report PPT Download","headline":"Seminar Air craft hydraulic system Report PPT Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-20","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Hydraulicsystemsdetermineflightworthiness2Cusabilityandreliabity-300x204.png","height":204,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/orthogonal-vs-oblique-cutting/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/DifferencebetweenOrthogonalandObliqueCutting-300x223.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/orthogonal-vs-oblique-cutting/">Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting  Orthogonal Cutting
In orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/orthogonal-vs-oblique-cutting/" aria-label="View Post: Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/orthogonal-vs-oblique-cutting\/","articleBody":"Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting\r\n\r\nOrthogonal Cutting\r\nIn orthogonal cutting, the tool approaches the work piece with its cutting edge parallel to the uncut surface and at right angles to the direction of cutting. Thus tool approach angle and cutting edge inclination are Zero. This type of cutting is also known as Two-dimensional Cutting.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOblique Cutting\r\nIn oblique cutting , the cutting edge of the tool is inclined at an acute angle with the direction of tool feed or work feed, the chip begin disposed of at a certain angle. This type of cutting is also called Three-dimensional cutting.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDifference Between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting\r\n\u00a0\r\nComparison between the orthogonal and oblique cutting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOrthogonal cutting\r\n\r\nOblique Cutting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of feed motion.\r\n\r\nThe cutting edge of the tool is inclined to the direction of feed motion.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nChip flow is expected to in a direction perpendicular to the cutting edge.\r\n\r\nThe chip flow angle is more than zero.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThere are only two components of force; these components are mutually perpendicular.\r\n\r\nThere are three mutually perpendicular forces acting while cutting process.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe cutting edge is larger than cutting width.\r\n\r\nThe cutting edge may or may not be larger than cutting width.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nChips are in the form of a spiral coil.\r\n\r\nChip flow is in a sideways direction.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHigh heat concentration at cutting region.\r\n\r\nLess concentration of heat at cutting region compared to orthogonal cutting.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFor a given feed and depth of cutting, the force acts on a small area as compared with oblique cutting, so tool life is less.\r\n\r\nForce is acting on a large area, results in more tool life.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSurface finish is\u00a0poor.\r\n\r\nGood surface finish\u00a0obtained.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nUsed in grooving,\u00a0parting, slotting, pipe cutting.\r\n\r\nUsed almost all\u00a0industrial cutting, used in drilling, grinding, milling.","headline":"Difference between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/DifferencebetweenOrthogonalandObliqueCutting-300x223.jpg","height":223,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/benson-boilers-working-construction/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Benson-Boiler-300x256.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/benson-boilers-working-construction/">Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers   Benson Boiler is a high pressure, drum less, supercritical, water tube steam boiler with forced circulation. This boiler was invented in the year...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/benson-boilers-working-construction/" aria-label="View Post: Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/benson-boilers-working-construction\/","articleBody":"Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nBenson Boiler is a high pressure, drum less, supercritical, water tube steam boiler with forced circulation. This boiler was invented in the year 1922 by Mark Benson. This boiler is a super critical boiler in which the feed water is compressed to a supercritical pressure and this prevents the formation of bubbles in the water tube surface. The bubbles do not form because at supercritical pressure the density of water and steam becomes same. It was Mark Benson who first proposed the idea to compress the water at supercritical pressure before heating into boiler and due to this the latent heat of water reduces to zero. As the latent heat of water reduces to zero the water directly changes into steam without the formation of bubbles.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFeatures Of Benson Boilers :\r\n\r\nThe main difficulty experienced in the La Mont boiler is the formation and attachment of bubbles on the inner surfaces of the heating tubes. The attached bubbles reduce the heat flow and steam generation as it offers higher thermal resistance compared to water film :\r\n\r\n(a) If the boiler pressure was raised to critical pressure (225 atm), the steam and water would have the same density and therefore the danger of bubble formation can be completely avoided.\r\n\r\n(b) Natural circulation boilers require expansion joints but these are not required for Benson as the pipes are welded. The erection of Benson boiler is easier and quicker as all the parts are welded at site and workshop job of tube expansion is altogether avoided.\r\n\r\n(c) The transport of Benson boiler parts is easy as no drums are required and majority of the parts are carried to the site without pre-assembly.\r\n\r\n(d) The Benson boiler can be erected in a comparatively smaller floor area. The space problem does not control the size of Benson boiler used.\r\n\r\n(e) The furnace walls of the boiler can be more efficiently protected by using small diameter and close pitched tubes.\r\n\r\n(f) The superheater in the Benson boiler is an integral part of forced circulation system, therefore no special starting arrangement for superheater is required.\r\n\r\n\u00a0(g) The Benson boiler can be started very quickly because of welded joints.\r\n\r\n(h) The Benson boiler can be operated most economically by varying the temperature and pres- sure at partial loads and overloads. The desired temperature can also be maintained constant at any pressure.\r\n\r\n(i) Sudden fall of demand creates circulation problems due to bubble formation in the natural circulation boiler which never occurs in Benson boiler. This feature of insensitiveness to load fluctuations makes it more suitable for grid power station as it has better adaptive capacity to meet sudden load fluctuations.\r\n\r\n(j) The blow-down losses of Benson boiler are hardly 4% of natural circulation boilers of same capacity.\r\n\r\n(k) Explosion hazards are not at all severe as it consists of only tubes of small diameter and has very little storage capacity compared to drum type boiler. During starting, the water is passed through the economiser, evaporator, superheater and back to the feed line via starting valve. During starting, first circulating pumps are started and then the burners are started to avoid the overheating of evaporator and superheater tubes.\r\n\r\n\r\nConstruction or Main Parts\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nBenson Boilers\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. Air Preheater- It preheats the air before entering into the furnace. The preheated air increases the burning efficiency of the fuel.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Economiser- It heats the water to a certain temperature.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n3. Radiant Superheater-It is super heater which heats the water with radiation produced by the burnt fuel. It raises the temperature to supercritical temperature.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n4. Convection Evaporator-It evaporates the superheated water and converts them into steam. It does so by the convection mode of heat transfer to the water from the hot flue gases.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n5. Convection Superheater-It superheats the steam to the desired temperature (nearly 650 degree Celsius).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n6. Furnace-It is the place where the fuel is burnt.\r\n\r\n\r\n7. Feed Pump-It is used to supply the water inside the boiler at supercritical pressure of 225 bars.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Principle\r\n\r\nIt works on the principle that the pressure of the water is increased to the supercritical pressure (i.e. above critical pressure of 225 bar). When the pressure of water is increased to the super critical level, the latent heat of water becomes Zero and due to this, it directly changes into steam without boiling. And this prevents the formation of bubbles at tube surface.\r\nIn Benson Boiler, the feed pump increases the pressure of the water to the supercritical pressure and then it enters into the economiser. From economiser, the water the water passes to the radiant heater. Here the water receives the heat through radiation and partly gets converted into steam. The temperature raises almost to the supercritical temperature. After that mixture of steam and water enters into convective evaporator where it is completely converted into steam and may superheated to some degree. Finally it is passed through the superheater to obtained the desired superheated steam. This superheated steam is then used by turbines or engine to produce the electricity.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIt is light in weight.\r\n \tOccupy smaller floor area for its erection.\r\n \tExplosion hazard is almost negligible because of use of smaller diameter tubes.\r\n \tIt can be started very easily within 15 minutes.\r\n \tIt avoids bubble formation due to the super critical pressure of water.\r\n \tTransportation is easy.\r\n \tThis boiler may achieve thermal efficiency upto 90 %.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nApplication\r\n\r\nThis supercritical boiler is used in different industries to generate steam for the production of electricity or mechanical power. The average operating pressure, temperature and capacity of benson boiler is 650 degree Celsius, 250 bar and 135 tonnes\/h.","headline":"Construction and Working Of Benson Boilers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Benson-Boiler-300x256.jpg","height":256,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/factors-affecting-accuracy-of-measuring/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/FACTORAFFECTINGONMEASURINGACCURACY-300x252.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/factors-affecting-accuracy-of-measuring/">FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM
The accuracy of an instrument depends on 5 basic elements (SWIPE)  S- Standard
 W- Workpiece
 I- Instrument
 P= Person
 E-...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/factors-affecting-accuracy-of-measuring/" aria-label="View Post: FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/factors-affecting-accuracy-of-measuring\/","articleBody":"FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM\r\nThe accuracy of an instrument depends on 5 basic elements (SWIPE)\r\n\r\n \tS- Standard\r\n \tW- Workpiece\r\n \tI- Instrument\r\n \tP= Person\r\n \tE- Environment\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFactor Affecting accuracy of a measuring System\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a01. Standard\r\nNormally the measuring instrument is calibrated with a standard are at regular interval. The\r\nstandard may be affected by\r\n\r\n \tCoefficient of thermal expansion\r\n \tStability with time\r\n \tElastic properties\r\n \tGeometric compatibility\r\n \tPosition etc\r\n\r\n2. Work piece:\r\nThe following factors affect the accuracy\r\n\r\n \tCleanliness surface finish etc.\r\n \tSurface defects\r\n \tHidden geometry\r\n \tThermal equalization etc\r\n\r\n3. Instrument\r\nThe inherent characteristics of the instrument which affect the accuracy are\r\n\r\n \tInadequate amplification\r\n \tScale error\r\n \tEffect of friction backlash hysteresis etc\r\n \tDeformation while handling heavy w\/p\r\n \tCalibration error\r\n \tRepeatability and readability\r\n\r\n4. Person\r\nThe factors responsible for accuracy are\r\n\r\n \tTraining skill\r\n \tSense of precision appreciation\r\n \tAbility to select measuring instrument &amp; standard\r\n \tAttitude towards personal accuracy achievement\r\n \tPlanning for measurement technique to have minimum just with consistent in precision.\r\n\r\n5. Environment\r\nThe environmental factor are:\r\n\r\n \tTemperature press humidity\r\n \tClean surrounding and minimum vibration\r\n \tAdequate illumination\r\n \tTemperature equalization between standard w\/p and instrument\r\n\r\nHigher accuracy can be achieved if all 5 factors are considered and steps are taken to eliminate them.","headline":"FACTORS AFFECTING ACCURACY OF A MEASURING SYSTEM","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/FACTORAFFECTINGONMEASURINGACCURACY-300x252.png","height":252,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/list-of-non-conventional-mechanica/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/3dwaterjetmachiing-300x200.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/list-of-non-conventional-mechanica/">List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017  Unconventional Machining Process 
Unconventional machining process (or non-traditional machining process) is a special type of machining process...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/list-of-non-conventional-mechanica/" aria-label="View Post: List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/list-of-non-conventional-mechanica\/","articleBody":"List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017\r\n\r\nUnconventional Machining Process\u00a0\r\nUnconventional machining process (or non-traditional machining process) is a special type of machining process in which there is no direct contact between the tool and the workpiece. In unconventional machining, a form of energy is used to remove unwanted material from a given workpiece.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n3d water jet machiing\r\n\r\nLASER PROJECT TITLES\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1 Some Experimental Investigation of ND-YAG Laser Cutting of Thin Copper sheets\r\n2 ND_YAG Laser Cutting of High Carbon Steels with Various Thickness and Constant Parameter\r\n3 Experimental Investigation of ND_YAG Laser Cutting of SS Sheets with various Gases\r\n4 Experimental Investigation of Laser Cutting of Low Carbon Steel Thin Sheets using 02 Assist Gas\r\n5 Some Experimental Investigation of ND-YAG Laser Cutting of High Carbon Steels\r\n6 Experimental Investigation of ND-YAG Laser Cutting of High Carbon Steels with Various Gases\r\n7 Analysis and Optimization of Cutting Parameter In ND-YAG Laser Cutting OF High Carbon Steels sheet.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nEDM PROJECTS\r\n\r\n\r\n1\u00a0Some investigation of Electrical discharge machining on OHNS steel with a copper and brass electrode to increases the surface finish and reduced the heat affected zone, lead time by varying machine parameter.\r\n2\u00a0Experimental Investigation of Machining Parameter for EDM Using Various Electrode on EN31 Tool Steel.\r\n3\u00a0Experimental Investigation of Machining Parameter for EDM using Various Material with Copper Electrode.\r\n4\u00a0Some Experimental Investigation on DIE Steel in Electric discharge Machining with various Parameter and Electrode.\r\n5\u00a0Process Parameter Optimization of WEDM Process of EN47 DIE STEEL.\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nPLASMA PROJECTS\r\n\r\n\r\n1\u00a0Surface Properties of the Cut Face obtained by Plasma and Water Jet Cutting and OXY-Fuel Cutting Methods from AISI410 Stainless Steel Materials\r\n2\u00a0Analysis and Optimization of Cutting Parameter in Plasma Cutting of ss410.\r\n3\u00a0Optimization of Cutting Parameter in Plasma Cutting on Mild steel Thin Plates With Various Thickness and Constant parameter.","headline":"List Of Non Conventional Mechanical Projects 2017","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/3dwaterjetmachiing-300x200.jpg","height":200,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/classification-of-press-tools/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/pressoperationsclassification-248x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/classification-of-press-tools/">Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal  1. Classification based on operations performed:
1.Shearing  Piercing
 Punching
 Perforating
 Blanking
 Cutting off
...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/classification-of-press-tools/" aria-label="View Post: Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/classification-of-press-tools\/","articleBody":"Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal\r\n\r\n1. Classification based on operations performed:\r\n1.Shearing\r\n\r\n \tPiercing\r\n \tPunching\r\n \tPerforating\r\n \tBlanking\r\n \tCutting off\r\n \tParting off\r\n \tNotching\r\n \tSlitting\r\n \tLancing\r\n\r\n2. Bending\r\n\r\n \tAngle bending\r\n \tCurling\r\n \tForming\r\n \tPlunging\r\n\r\n3.Drawing\r\n\r\n\r\n \tCupping\r\n\r\n\r\n4.Squeezing\r\n\r\n\r\n \tCoining\r\n \tEmbossing\r\n \tFlattening\r\n\r\n\r\n2. Classification based on construction:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tSimple\r\n \tFollow or progressive\r\n \tCombination\r\n \tCompound\r\n\r\nPress Operation Classification\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nEXPLANATION\u00a0ACCORDING TO OPERATIONS:\r\n\r\n1. Shearing operation: \r\nThe shearing operation between a punch and a die is illustrated in Fig. As the punch descends upon the workpiece, the pressure exerted by the punch causes the metal to be deformed plastically in the die.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tPiercing: The piercing is the operation of production of hole in a sheet metal by the punch and the die. The materials punched out to form the hole constitute the waste.\r\n \tPunching: The punching operation is similar to the piercing operation. While punching the formation of the hole is the desired result. The difference between the punching and the piercing is that in the case of punching a cylindrical hole is produced, whereas in the case of piercing the hole produced may be of any other shape.\r\n \tBlanking: The blanking is the operation of cutting of flat sheet to the desired shape. The metal punched out is the required product and the plate with the hole left on the die goes as waste.\r\n \tPerforating: The perforating is the operation of production of a number of holes evenly spaced in a regular pattern on a sheet metal\r\n \tParting: The parting is the operation of cutting a sheet metal in two parts. Unlike cutting off operation, some quality of scrap is removed to severe the workpiece in two parts.\r\n \tCutting off: The cutting off is the operation of severing a piece from a sheet of metal or a bar with a cut along a single line.\r\n \tNotching: The notching is the operation of removal of the desired shape from the edge of a plate. The punch and the die set up are similar to the piercing or punching operation.\r\n \tSlitting: The slitting is the operation of cutting a sheet metal in a straight line along the length.\r\n \tLancing: The lancing is the operation of cutting a sheet metal through part of its length and then bending the cut portion.\r\n\r\n2. Bending operation:\u00a0\r\nThe bending operation is illustrated in Fig. While bending, the metal is stressed in both tension and compression at the two sides of the neutral axis beyond the elastic limit but below the ultimate strength of the material.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAngle bending: The angle bending is the operation of bending a sheet metal to the sharp angle. The punch and the die are shaped to the desired angle. The punch and the die are shaped to the desired angle, taking into consideration the effect of spring back. The angle bending operation is illustrated in Fig.\r\n \tCurling: The curling is the operation of forming the edges of a component into a roll or a curl by bending the sheet metal in order to strengthen the edges and to provide smoothness to its surface. The curling operation is illustrated in Fig.\r\n\r\nCurling\r\n\r\n \tForming: The forming is the operation of bending a sheet of metal along a curved axis. The metal is confined between the punch and the die and is stressed in compression and tension beyond the elastic limit. The shape of the component is governed by the shape of the punch and the die.\r\n \tPlunging: The plunging is the operation of bending a sheet metal to the desired shape for accommodating a screw or a rod through the plunged hole. The plate is first pierced at the required position and then the plunging punch is pressed in the hole.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\npluging press operation\r\n\r\n3. Drawing operation:\u00a0\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe drawing is the operation of production of cup shaped parts from flat sheet metal blanks by bending and plastic flow of the metal. The operation is also known as cupping. The drawing operation is illustrated in Fig.\r\n\r\n\r\n4. Squeezing operation:\u00a0\r\nThe squeezing operation is the most severe of all cold press operation. Tremendous amount of pressure is required to squeeze a metal which is made to flow in a cold state within the cavity of the die and the punch to attain the desired shape. For this reason the squeezing operation is performed in a hydraulic press. The different squeezing operations are described below:\r\n\r\n\r\nEmbossing and Coining Process\r\n\r\n\r\nCoining: The coining is the operation of production of coins, medals or other ornamental parts by squeezing operation.\r\nEmbossing: The embossing is the operation of giving impressions of figures, letters or designs on sheet metal parts. The punch, or the die, or both of them may have the engravings which are marked on the sheet metal by squeezing and plastic flow of the metal.\r\nFlattening or planishing: The flattening or planishing is the operation of straightening a sheet metal which is a curved one. The operation is illustrated in Fig. The pin pointed planishing tool is made to descend on the sheet metal to be straightened, and the projections on the tool exert tremendous pressure on the plate to remove all the residual bending stress present in the plate.","headline":"Classification Of Press Tools Operations related to Sheetmetal","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-14","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/pressoperationsclassification-248x300.jpg","height":300,"width":248},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=240">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=239"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>239</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=240"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>240</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>241</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=242"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>242</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=243"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>243</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=242">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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