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Abstract
Rotary drum vacuum filter is a very important tool for solid-liquid separation; it has various applications in the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/rotary-drum-filter-repor/" aria-label="View Post: Rotary Drum Filter (Solid-Liquid Separation ) Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Rotary Drum Filter (Solid-Liquid Separation ) Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/rotary-drum-filter-repor\/","articleBody":"Rotary Drum Filter (Solid-Liquid Separation ) Mechanical Project\r\nAbstract\r\nRotary drum vacuum filter is a very important tool for solid-liquid separation; it has various applications in the industrial field. The main advantage of this equipment is its relatively small space, low cost and easy to be maintained. All Rotary Vacuum Filters operate on a similar principle. A pressure differential between the surface and inside of the drum (or disc) is applied by means of vacuum.\r\n\r\nThis pressure differential cause's transport of liquid through the filtration surface while the filter medium arrests solid particles and a cake is formed. As the drum rotates, the cake rises above the slurry level in the filter tank and air is drawn through the cake, forcing out liquid. The liquid (filtrate) exits the filter through the internal piping and the vacuum head.\r\n\r\nConstruction:\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt is consisting on a sheet metal drum. The diameter of drum ranges from 1 to 10 feet. This drum is carried on moving system. A vacuum system is also attached, so that, during filtration whole drum work under vacuum. The surface of the drum is the divided into different section by stripes.\r\n\r\n\r\ni- Cake formation zone\r\nii- Washing zone\r\niii- Drying zone\r\niv- Cake removal zone\r\n\r\n\u00a0These steps are parallel to the axis of drum and welded to the shell. Filter medium is hold by metal strips on drum and covered by filter cloth.\r\n\r\nIn each section there are many pipes which open inside the cover plates. The side cover plate. There is also a stationary valve plate through which connection are made to the filtrate receiver. For compressed air and wash water connection vale are also given.\r\nAfter washing, to remove the cake \u201cDoctor knife\u201d is provided. Doctor knife remove only the cake of from septum and does not damage the pre-coated layer of filter aid.\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking:\r\nBefore filtration rotary drum filter is dip in tank of filter aid for pre-coating purpose. Commonly is pre-coated up 3\u201d to 5\u201d by diatomaceous earth, perlite or purified wood cellulose.\r\nAfter that drum is rotated in slurry tank at a speed of 1 to 2 rpm. 1\/3 of drum is dip in slurry tank, vacuum is applied through a valve and filtration is started.\r\nA layer solid builds in the form of cake on the surface of panel (filter cloth) in cake formation zone and filtrate pass through pipes and goes to vacuum receiver and collected in tank.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRotary Drum Filter -Mechanical Projects\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAs, the panel leave the cake formation zone it enters to washing zone and in which water is sprayed on cake to extract all filtrate from cake and it sent to wash vacuum receiver. And panel enters to drying zone. In this section high vacuum is applied and all filtrate is sucked and cake is obtained in completely dried form.\r\nNow this panel is moved to cake removal zone in which doctor knife remove dried cake from filter cloth without damaging the filter cloth. After that this panel again enter to cake formation zone for continuous filtration and cycle is repeated.\r\n\r\nApplications:\r\n\r\n \tThese filter are developed to overcome large problem of filter press and leaf filter. It is very versatile filter.\r\n \tIt is used generally for those operation in which the volume is very large, where process is continuous and where is labor cost must be kept downs. It is used where colloidal particles.\r\n \tIt is used for production of wallboard from gypsum.\r\n\r\nLimitations:\r\n\r\n \tIt cannot be used for mixture of colloidal and coarse particles.\r\n \tIt must be used continuously.","headline":"Rotary Drum Filter (Solid-Liquid Separation ) Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/RotaryDrumFilter28Solid-LiquidSeparation29-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/different-types-of-pattern-allowances/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/distortionsincasting-300x222.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/different-types-of-pattern-allowances/">Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design  Pattern Allowances
 
Pattern allowance is a vital feature as it affects the dimensional characteristics of the casting....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/different-types-of-pattern-allowances/" aria-label="View Post: Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/different-types-of-pattern-allowances\/","articleBody":"Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design\r\n\r\nPattern Allowances\r\n\u00a0\r\nPattern allowance is a vital feature as it affects the dimensional characteristics of the casting. Thus, when the pattern is produced, certain allowances must be given on the sizes specified in the finished component drawing so that a casting with the particular specification can be made. The selection of correct allowances greatly helps to reduce machining costs and avoid rejections. The allowances usually considered on patterns and core boxes are as follows:\r\n\r\n \t\r\nShrinkage or contraction allowance\r\n \t\r\nDraft or taper allowance\r\n \t\r\nMachining or finish allowance\r\n \t\r\nDistortion or camber allowance\r\n \t\r\nRapping allowance\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Introduction To Pattern | Types Of Pattern used in Casting Process\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\nShrinkage or Contraction Allowance\u00a0\r\n\r\nAll most all cast metals shrink or contract volumetrically on cooling. The metal shrinkage is of two types:\r\n\r\nLiquid Shrinkage:\u00a0It\u00a0refers to the reduction in volume when the metal changes from liquid state to solid state at the solidus temperature. To account for this shrinkage; riser, which feed the liquid metal to the casting, are provided in the mold.\r\n\r\nSolid Shrinkage: it refers to the reduction in volume caused when metal loses temperature in solid state. To account for this, shrinkage allowance is provided on the patterns.\r\n\r\nThe rate of contraction with temperature is dependent on the material.\r\n\r\n\r\nDraft or Taper Allowance\r\n\r\nBy draft is meant the taper provided by the pattern maker on all vertical surfaces of the pattern so that it can be removed from the sand without tearing away the sides of the sand mold and without excessive rapping by the molder.\r\n\r\n\r\nDraft allowance varies with the complexity of the sand job. But in general inner details of the pattern require higher draft than outer surfaces. The amount of draft depends upon the length of the vertical side of the pattern to be extracted; the intricacy of the pattern; the method of molding; and pattern material.\r\n\r\n\r\nMachining or Finish Allowance\r\n\r\nThe finish and accuracy achieved in sand casting are generally poor and therefore when the casting is functionally required to be of good surface finish or dimensionally accurate, it is generally achieved by subsequent machining. Machining or finish allowances are therefore added in the pattern dimension. The amount of machining allowance to be provided for is affected by the method of molding and casting used viz. hand molding or machine molding, sand casting or metal mold casting.\r\n\r\nThe amount of machining allowance is also affected by the size and shape of the casting; the casting orientation; the metal; and the degree of accuracy and finish required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDistortion or Camber Allowance\r\n\r\nSometimes castings get distorted, during solidification, due to their typical shape. For example, if the casting has the form of the letter U, V, T, or L etc. it will tend to contract at the closed end causing the vertical legs to look slightly inclined. This can be prevented by making the legs of the U, V, T, or L shaped pattern converge slightly (inward) so that the casting after distortion will have its sides vertical.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe distortion in casting may occur due to internal stresses. These internal stresses are caused on account of unequal cooling of different section of the casting and hindered contraction. Measure taken to prevent the distortion in casting include:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tModification of casting design\r\n \tProviding sufficient machining allowance to cover the distortion affect\r\n \tProviding suitable allowance on the pattern, called camber or distortion allowance (inverse reflection)\r\n\r\nDistorted casting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRapping Allowance\r\n\r\nBefore the withdrawal from the sand mold, the pattern is rapped all around the vertical faces to enlarge the mold cavity slightly, which facilitate its removal. Since it enlarges the final casting made, it is desirable that the original pattern dimension should be reduced to account for this increase. There is no sure way of quantifying this allowance, since it is highly dependent on the foundry personnel practice involved. It is a negative allowance and is to be applied only to those dimensions that are parallel to the parting plane.","headline":"Different Types of Pattern Allowances in Casting- Basic Casting Design","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/distortionsincasting-300x222.jpg","height":222,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/abrasive-jet-machining-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/abrasivejetmachining-300x113.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/abrasive-jet-machining-advantages/">Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications  Construction-
In Abrasive Jet Machining, the gases employed are usually air and nitrogen. Abrasives used are aluminium...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/abrasive-jet-machining-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/abrasive-jet-machining-advantages\/","articleBody":"Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications\r\n\r\nConstruction-\r\nIn Abrasive Jet Machining, the gases employed are usually air and nitrogen. Abrasives used are aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, glass powder and sodium carbonate. The principle size ranges from 10 meters to 50.\r\n\r\nThe smaller size particles are used for obtaining good surface finish and precision, where as the larger size particles give rapid removal rate of material. Nozzles are made up of hard material such as Tungsten Carbide or Ceramic, so as to withstand high degree of abrasion wear. The abrasive gas mixture, jet pressure, abrasive particle size and hardness are mainly responsible for the metal removal rate. The metal removal rate for this type of process is usually 16mm^3 \/min in cutting glass and the velocity of the jet ranges from 150 to 300 meters per minute.\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Seminar | Abrasive Jet Machining full report Download\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Principle-\r\nThe basic working principle employed in abrasive jet machining is shown in the above figure. This method utilizes high speed stream of abrasive particles which are carried by a high pressure air or gas on the work material through a nozzle device. The filtered gas is supplied that is between the pressure limits of 1.96 bar to 7.85 bar to the mixing chamber that comprises abrasive powder. The mixing chamber is made to be vibrated at about 50 Hz for proper mixing of abrasive particles with the gas. Thus the mixture is passed into a connecting hose that emerges from a nozzle with high velocity. The pressure form regulator is also employed to regulate the gas flow while the abrasive powder feed rate is regulated by amplitude of vibration of mixing chamber. The cams, pantograph or other suitable mechanisms are responsible to move the work piece or nozzle for controlling the cutting action for cutting size and shape.\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Of Abrasive Jet Machining\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWhen the abrasive particles hit the work piece with a high velocity, then this impact causes a fracture. There are many parameters that influence material removal rate.\r\n\r\n1. Abrasives-\r\n\r\n\r\nMetal removal rate depends upon the composition, strength, size and mass flow rate of abrasive particles. The material removal rate increases with an increase in mixing ratio. Further increase in mixing ratio decreases the Metal Removal Rate. The mass flow rate of abrasive particle depends on the pressure of the gas. The material removal rate increases linearly with an increase in mass flow rate.\r\n2. Gas-\r\n\r\nAs the velocity pressure depends on the composition of gas, the material removal rate is mainly affected by the composition of the gas.\r\n\r\n\r\n3. Nozzle-\r\n\r\nIn a nozzle, the abrasive grains continuously flow with a very high speed. Thus nozzle is the most important element for controlling the process characteristics. The important parameter is the distance between the work surface and tip of the nozzle known as nozzle tip distance. When nozzle tip distance increases, the velocity of abrasive particles impinging on work piece also increases. the increase in the velocity of abrasives not only effects the metal removal rate but also the shape and size of the hole or cavity produced in the work piece. The metal removal rate increases with an increase in nozzle tip distance up to a maximum value. Further increase in nozzle tip distance decreases the metal removal rate since the velocity will get reduced due to drag of atmosphere.\r\nAdvantages of Abrasive Jet Machining-\r\n1. This method facilitates to machine the complex holes and intricate cavities of harder materials of desired shape.\r\n2. The fragile metals which are very difficult to machine in the conventional machining process are easily machined by this process with better accuracy.\r\n3. Machining can be performed easily for brittle type of materials of thin sections.\r\n4. Capital investment if very low.\r\n5. No direct contact occurs between the work piece and the tool.\r\n6. Heat generated in this process is very less.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Abrasive Jet Machining-\r\n1. Material removal rate is very slow.\r\n2. This process is not applicable for ductile materials.\r\n3. Poor machining accuracy.\r\n4. Abrasive powder cannot be recycled or reclaimed.\r\n5. Cleaning of work material is necessary after the operation, as there is a danger of abrasive particles sticking to the material.\r\n\r\nApplications of Abrasive Jet Machining-\r\n1. This method is employed in micro welding, fine drilling and aperture drilling for electronic microscope.\r\n2. Used in machining of intricate profiles on the fragile and hard metals.\r\n3. Used for machining semi conductors.\r\n4. This method is also employed to perform cleaning and cutting operations on the materials like silicon, germanium, quartz, mica and many more.\r\n5. Abrading and frosting of brittle materials such as glass, ceramics, refractories and many more.","headline":"Abrasive Jet Machining Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/abrasivejetmachining-300x113.jpg","height":113,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hartnell-governor-basic/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/hartnellgovrner-240x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hartnell Governors &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hartnell-governor-basic/">Hartnell Governors &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hartnell Governors   Mr. Hartnell designed his governor circa 1875 and at the time it was considered to be of a superior design to other governors of the day. It rotated between 500 and 600rpm...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hartnell-governor-basic/" aria-label="View Post: Hartnell Governors &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hartnell Governors &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hartnell-governor-basic\/","articleBody":"Hartnell Governors\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nMr. Hartnell designed his governor circa 1875 and at the time it was considered to be of a superior design to other governors of the day. It rotated between 500 and 600rpm and by utilizing smaller fly balls and fewer parts, the internal friction was less than that of others.\r\nThe function of a governor is to regulate the mean speed of an engine, when there are variations in the load e.g. when the load on an engine increases, its speed decreases, therefore it becomes necessary to increase the supply of working fluid. On the other hand, when the load on the engine decreases, its speed increases, and thus less working fluid is required. The governor automatically controls the supply of working fluid to the engine with the varying load conditions and keeps the mean speed within certain limits.\r\n\r\n\r\nRead more: Introduction To Governors | Classification \/ Types Of Governors\r\nConstruction of Hartnell Governers \u2013\r\nIt is a Spring-loaded Governor. It has two bell crank levers carrying the fly ball at one end and roller attached to the other end, the function of spring is to provide the counterforce which acts against centrifugal force. The spring and shaft are enclosed inside a casing. The sleeve is pressed against the spring when the centrifugal force on the balls increases. Due to spring return nature this governor can be mounded in a horizontal, inverted, (inclined) position.\r\n\r\n\r\nParts of Hartnell Governor:\r\nThe following are the main parts of the Hartnell Governor. \r\n\r\n \tBellcrank lever\r\n \tCollar\r\n \tSleeve\r\n \tFrame\r\n \tSpring\r\n \tNut\r\n \tBalls\r\n\r\nFrame:\r\nThis is provided with a spring inside which protects and supports it and the frame is connected to the bell crank lever which rotates along with the lever.\r\n\r\nBalls:\r\nThese are placed on the bell crank lever which is done with some specified weight.\r\n\r\nBellcrank lever:\r\nThis is used to rotate along with the balls provided on it and it is connected to the frame to rotate it.\r\n\r\nNut:\r\nThis is proved on the top of the frame, which used to adjust the force on the sleeve.\r\n\r\n\r\nSpring:\r\nThis is used to apply the pressure on the sleeve whenever required and this helps to push the sleeve downwards when it raised more than the required. \r\n\r\nCollar:\r\nThis provided on the top of the sleeve to support the spring on it.\r\n\r\nSleeve:\r\nThis used to move in an upward and downward direction according to the rotation of the bell crank lever attached to it. and this helps to flow the required amount of fluid into the engine when it raised above from the bottom point.\r\n\r\nWorking of Hartnell Governors :\r\n\r\nHartnell governor is a spring controlled centrifugal governor, in which a spring controls the movement of the ball and hence the sleeve. Above fig shows a Hartnell governor. It consists of a frame \/casing, in which a precompressed helical spring is housed. The casing and spring can rotate about the spindle axis. The spring applies a downward force on the sleeve through an adjustable collar. The spring force can be adjusted by a nut provided. Two bell crank levers are pivoted at O,O\u2019 to the frame, each carrying a ball at one end a roller at another end. The roller fits into the grooves of the sleeve.\r\n\r\n\r\n hartnell govrner\r\n\r\nThe sleeve moves up and down depending on the governor's speed. When the speed of the governor\/ engine increases, the ball tends to fly outward from the axis of the governor, but the ball's movement is constrained. The bell crank lever moves on a pivot, roller end of lever lifts the sleeve upward against the spring force. This movement transferred to the throttle valve through a suitable mechanism, the result is low fuel supply and decreasing speed.\r\n\r\n\r\nWhen speed decreases the sleeve moves downward, and throttle open to more fuel supply; which results in increasing speed.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Hartnell governor\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIt can be operated at very high speed\r\n \tSmaller in size\r\n \tVery close regulation\r\n \tPre-compression can be adjusted to give the required equilibrium speed.","headline":"Hartnell Governors &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-25","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 26, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/hartnellgovrner-240x300.jpg","height":300,"width":240},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-casting-processes-and-their/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/metal-casting-its-types-and-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Casting Processes &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-casting-processes-and-their/">Types Of Casting Processes &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Casting Processes and their Applications   The metal casting process begins by creating a mold, which is the ‘reverse’ shape of the part we need. The mold is made from a refractory...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-casting-processes-and-their/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Casting Processes &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Casting Processes &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-casting-processes-and-their\/","articleBody":"Types Of Casting Processes and their Applications\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe metal casting process begins by creating a mold, which is the \u2018reverse\u2019 shape of the part we need. The mold is made from a refractory material, for example, sand. The metal is heated in an oven until it melts, and the molten metal is poured into the mold cavity. The liquid takes the shape of the cavity, which is the shape of the part. It is cooled until it solidifies. Finally, the solidified metal part is removed from the mold.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCasting Definition - Casting means pouring molten metal poured into a refractory mold cavity and allows it to solidify. The solidified object is taken out from the mold either by breaking or taking the mold apart. The solidified object is called casting. The technique followed in the method is known as the casting process.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More: Difference Between Casting and Forging\/Forming Processes\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA large number of metal components in designs we use every day are made by casting.\r\n\r\nThe reasons for this include:\r\n(a) Casting can produce very complex geometry parts with internal cavities and hollow sections.\r\n(b) It can be used to make small (few hundred grams) to very large size parts (thousands of kilograms)\r\n(c) It is economical, with very little wastage: the extra metal in each casting is re-melted and re-used\r\n(d) Cast metal is isotropic \u2013 it has the same physical\/mechanical properties along any direction.\r\n\r\nRead also:\u00a0Introduction To Pattern | Types Of Pattern used in Casting Process\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCommon examples of Casting: Door handles, locks, the outer casing or housing for motors, pumps, etc., wheels of many cars. Casting is also heavily used in the toy industry to make parts, e.g. toy cars, planes, and so on.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \t\r\n \tTypes of casting\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Classification Of Casting Processes :\r\n1.\u00a0 Conventional Moulding Processes\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tGreen Sand Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tDry Sand Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tFlaskless Moulding\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. Chemical Sand Moulding Processes\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tShell Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tSodium Silicate Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tNo-Brake Moulding\u00a0\r\n\r\n3. Permanent Mould Processes\r\n\r\n \tGravity Die Casting\r\n \tPressure Die Casting\u00a0\r\n\r\n4. Special Casting Processes\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tInvestment Casting\r\n \tContinuous Casting\r\n \tVacuum Sealed Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tSqueeze Casting process\u00a0\r\n \tCentrifugal Casting\u00a0\r\n \tPlaster Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tEvaporative Pattern Casting\u00a0\r\n \tCeramic Shell Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tSlush Casting\u00a0\r\n \tStir Casting\r\n\r\nTypes Of Casting Processes :\u00a0\r\nTwo Main Categories of Metal Casting Processes \r\n\r\n1.Expendable mold processes -\r\n\r\n \tA mold after process must be destroyed in order to remove the casting.\r\n \tA new mold is required for each new casting.\r\n \tProduction rates often limited by time to make mold rather than casting itself.\r\n \tMore complex shapes possible.\r\n \tMold materials: sand, plaster, and similar materials + binders.\r\n\r\nExpendable Mold Casting further Classified as,\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tSand Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tShell Moulding\u00a0\r\n \tInvestment Casting\u00a0\r\n \tfull mold casting\r\n \tCo2 Molding\u00a0\r\n\r\n2. Permanent mold processes -\r\n\r\n \tMold is made of metal and can be used to make many castings.\r\n \tPart shapes are limited\r\n \tPermanent mold processes are more economic in high production operation;\r\n \tMold: made of metal and, less commonly, a ceramic refractory material\r\n\r\nPermanent mold Casting further Classified as,\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tCentrifugal Casting\u00a0\r\n \tDie Casting\u00a0\r\n \tSlush Casting\u00a0\r\n \tSqueeze Casting\r\n\r\nDifferent types of castings, their advantages, disadvantages, and examples.\r\n1. Sand Casting :\u00a0\r\nSand casting is one of the most popular and simplest types of casting, and has been used for centuries. Sand casting allows for smaller batches than permanent mold casting and at a very reasonable cost.\r\n\r\n\r\nSteps are used in the Sand casting process;\r\n\r\n1. Pattern Making: Patterns are the replica of casting. Patterns are manufactured using wood, metals, wax, plaster of Paris, etc. For the preparation of patterns various tools and equipments are used.\r\n2. Molding and Core making: Prepare a mold cavity by using patterns and use the core for making hollow parts in casting.\r\n3. Melting and Casting: Melt the metal in the furnace and pour it in the mould cavity. Wait until it solidifies. As the casting gets solidify, remove the casted part from the sand.\r\n4. Cleaning of Casting: After removing the casting from the sand cut the runners and risers, also trim the flash appears at parting line of the mould.\r\n5. Testing of Casting: Test the casting for various defects.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Sand casting - Wide range of metals, sizes, shapes, low cost\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of sand casting-poor finish, wide tolerance\r\n\r\nExamples of sand casting -Engine blocks, Cylinder heads\r\n2.\u00a0Shell mold Casting :\r\nShell molding is similar to sand casting, but the molding cavity is formed by a hardened \"shell\" of sand instead of a flask filled with sand. The sand used is finer than sand casting sand and is mixed with a resin so that it can be heated by the pattern and hardened into a shell around the pattern. Because of the resin and finer sand, it gives a much finer surface finish.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nShell molding, also known as shell-mold casting is an expendable mold casting process that uses a resin covered sand to form the mold. As compared to sand casting, this process has better dimensional accuracy, a higher productivity rate, and lower labor requirements. It is used for small to medium parts that require high precision. Shell mold casting is a metal casting process similar to sand casting, in that molten metal is poured into an expendable mold. However, in shell mold casting, the mold is a thin-walled shell created from applying a sand-resin mixture around a pattern. The pattern, a metal piece in the shape of the desired part, is reused to form multiple shell molds. A reusable pattern allows for higher production rates, while the disposable molds enable complex geometries to be cast. Shell mold casting requires the use of a metal pattern, oven, sand-resin mixture, dump box, and molten metal.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nshell molding process\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSteps Of Shell Molding Process\r\n\r\nPattern creation - A two-piece metal pattern is created in the shape of the desired part, typically from iron or steel. Other materials are sometimes used, such as aluminum for low volume production or graphite for casting reactive materials.\r\n\r\nMold creation - First, each pattern half is heated to 175-370 \u00b0C (350-700 \u00b0F) and coated with a lubricant to facilitate removal. Next, the heated pattern is clamped to a dump box, which contains a mixture of sand and a resin binder. The dump box is inverted, allowing this sand-resin mixture to coat the pattern. The heated pattern partially cures the mixture, which now forms a shell around the pattern. Each pattern half and the surrounding shell is cured to completion in an oven and then the shell is ejected from the pattern.\r\n\r\nMold assembly - The two shell halves are joined together and securely clamped to form the complete shell mold. If any cores are required, they are inserted prior to closing the mold. The shell mold is then placed into a flask and supported by a backing material.\r\n\r\nPouring - The mold is securely clamped together while the molten metal is poured from a ladle into the gating system and fills the mold cavity.\r\n\r\nCooling - After the mold has been filled, the molten metal is allowed to cool and solidify into the shape of the final casting.\r\n\r\nCasting removal - After the molten metal has cooled, the mold can be broken and the casting removed. Trimming and cleaning processes are required to remove any excess metal from the feed system and any sand from the mold.\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of shell mold casting: better accuracy, finish, higher production rate\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of shell mold casting: limited part size\r\n\r\nExamples of shell mold casting: connecting rods, gear housings.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More: Shell Moulding - Steps, Advantages, and Disadvantages\r\n\r\n\r\n3.Investment Casting :\r\n\r\nInvestment casting (known as lost-wax casting in art) is a process that has been practiced for thousands of years, with the lost-wax process being one of the oldest known metal-forming techniques. From 5000 years ago, when beeswax formed the pattern, to today\u2019s high technology waxes, refractory materials, and specialist alloys, the castings ensure high-quality components are produced with the key benefits of accuracy, repeatability, versatility, and integrity.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLost Wax Method :\r\n\r\nIt is also called the lost wax method. This method involves the use of an expendable pattern surrounded with a shell of refractory material to form a casting mold. Steps in investment casting are; making a master pattern, making wax patterns, making a tree of wax pattern coating it with a slurry of fine silica sand and water, melting out the wax pattern, and baking the mold, making a casting. It is generally adopted for ornaments and jewelry.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nLost wax Method\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Investment casting :\r\n\r\n \tHigh dimensional accuracy and close tolerance can be achieved., Castings are free from usual defects, Intricate shapes can easily casted.,\r\n \tNo parting line on casting.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages Of Investment Casting :\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe process is expensive., Only small jobs can be done.,\r\n\r\nApplications of Investment Casting :\r\n\r\nParts of aircraft engines, Nozzles, vanes, and blades of turbines. Jewelry items parts of machine tools, instruments, etc.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More: Steps in Investment Casting Process\r\n4.\u00a0Centrifugal casting\r\n\r\nIn this process molten metal is poured in the mold and allowed to solidify while the mold is rotating. Metal is poured into the center of the mold at its axis of rotation. Due to centrifugal force the liquid metal is thrown out towards the periphery.\r\n\r\nCentrifugal casting is both gravity- and pressure-independent, since it creates its own force feed using a temporary sand mold held in a spinning chamber at up to 900 N. Lead time, varies with the application. Semi- and true-centrifugal processing permit 30\u201350 pieces\/hr-mold to be produced, with a practical limit for batch processing of approximately 9000 kg total mass with a typical per-item limit of 2.3\u20134.5 kg.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn centrifugal casting, centrifugal force plays a major role in shaping and feeding of the casting. In this process mold is rotated rapidly about its central axis as the metal is poured into it. Centrifugal force is utilized to distribute liquid metal over the outer surface of the mold. Hollow cylinders and other annular shapes are formed in this way. Centrifugal force tends the poured metal and the freezing metal to fly outward, away from the axis of rotation, and this tendency creates high pressure on the metal or casting while the lighter slag, oxides, and other inclusions being lighter, get pushed towards the center.\r\nThe axis may be horizontal, vertical, or inclined. Casting cools and solidifies from outside towards the axis of rotation; so it results in good directional solidification. Hence castings are free from shrinkage. It may be produced in metal or sand lined mold, depending largely upon the quantity desired.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCentrifugal casting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of centrifugal casting - Large cylindrical parts, good quality\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of centrifugal\u00a0casting- Expensive, limited shapes\r\n\r\nExamples of centrifugal casting - pipes, boilers, flywheels\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n5.Permanent mold casting\r\n\r\nPermanent mold casting is a metal casting process that employs reusable molds (\"permanent molds\"), usually made from metal. The most common process uses gravity to fill the mold. However, gas pressure or a vacuum are also used. A variation on the typical gravity casting process, called slush casting, produces hollow castings. Common casting metals are aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of permanent mold casting -good finish, low porosity, high production rate\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of permanent mold casting- Expensive, limited shapes\r\n\r\nExamples of permanent mold casting - gears, gear housings\r\n\r\n6. Die Casting :\r\n\r\nThe die casting process forces molten metal under high pressure into mold cavities (which are machined into dies). Most die castings are made from nonferrous metals, specifically zinc, copper, and aluminum-based alloys, but ferrous metal die castings are possible. The die casting method is especially suited for applications where many small to medium-sized parts are needed with good detail, a fine surface quality and dimensional consistency.\r\n\r\n\r\nHot chamber die casting\r\nIn a hot chamber submerged plunger-type machine, the plunger operates in one end of a gooseneck casting which is submerged in the molten metal. With the plunger in the upper position, metal flow by gravity into this casting through holes, just below the plunger and the entrapped liquid metal is forced into the die through the gooseneck channel and in-gate . As the plunger retracts, the channel is again filled with the right amount of molten metal. The plunger made of refractory material may be actuated manually or mechanically and hydraulically. Heating is continued throughout the operation to keep the molten metal sufficiently liquid.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nhot chamber die casting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of die casting - Excellent dimensional accuracy, high production rate\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of die mold casting- costly dies, small parts, non-ferrous metals\r\n\r\nExamples of die mold casting - precision gears, camera bodies, car wheels\r\n\r\n7. Plaster mold casting\r\n\r\nPlaster casting is similar to sand casting except that plaster of paris is substituted for sand as a mold material. Generally, the form takes less than a week to prepare, after which a production rate of 1\u201310 units\/hr\u00b7mold is achieved, with items as massive as 45 kg (99 lb) and as small as 30 g (1 oz) with very good surface finish and close tolerances.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of plaster mold casting - complex shapes, good surface finish\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of plaster mold casting- non-ferrous metals, low production rate\r\n\r\nExamples of plaster mold casting - prototypes of mechanical parts\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n8. Continuous casting\r\n\r\nContinuous casting is a refinement of the casting process for the continuous, high-volume production of metal sections with a constant cross-section. Molten metal is poured into an open-ended, water-cooled mold, which allows a 'skin' of solid metal to form over the still-liquid center, gradually solidifying the metal from the outside in. After solidification, the strand, as it is sometimes called, is continuously withdrawn from the mold.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Continuous casting\u00a0\r\n\r\n \t100 % casting yield.\r\n \tThe process can be easily mechanized and thus unit labor cost is less.\r\n \tCasting surfaces are better\u00a0\r\n \tGain size and structure of the casting can be easily controlled\u00a0\r\n \tHIgh production rates.\u00a0\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Continuous Casting :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tContinuous and capable cooling of mold is required\u00a0\r\n \tJust simple shapes can be cast.\r\n \tCapital investment is more\u00a0\r\n \tRequired large ground space.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nApplication of Continuous Casting :\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tA great tonnage of continuous casting is done using cast steel\u00a0\r\n \tOther metals that are continuous casting are copper, aluminum, grey cast irons, white cast irons, aluminum bronzes, oxygen-free copper, etc.\u00a0\r\n \tMetals are cast as ingot for rolling, extrusion or forging, and long shapes of simple cross-section are cast as round, square, hexagonal rods, etc.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More: \u00a0What are the Casting Defects ?\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A","headline":"Types Of Casting Processes &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-23","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 12, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/metal-casting-its-types-and-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-hydro-forming-processes/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/SeminarOnHydroFormingProcessesreportDownload-300x206.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-hydro-forming-processes/">Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download  Abstract:  Hydroforming is a cost-effective way of shaping ductile metals such as aluminium, brass, low alloy steel, and stainless steel into...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-hydro-forming-processes/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-hydro-forming-processes\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download\r\n\r\nAbstract:\r\n\r\nHydroforming is a cost-effective way of shaping ductile metals such as aluminium, brass, low alloy steel, and stainless steel into lightweight, structurally stiff and strong pieces. One of the largest applications of hydroforming is the automotive industry, which makes use of the complex shapes made possible by hydroforming to produce stronger, lighter, and more rigid uni-body\u00a0structures for vehicles. This technique is particularly popular with the high-end sports car industry and is also frequently employed in the shaping of aluminium tubes for bicycle frames.\r\n\r\n\r\nHydroforming uses fluid pressure applied to a tubular or sheet metal blank to form it into the desired\u00a0component shape. The most commonly used materials in hydro-forming include the various grades of steel.\r\n\r\nThese grades of steel are used extensively because they exhibit good fatigue properties, high energy\u00a0absorption, and reasonable resistance to corrosion. Other metals used for hydro-forming include:\r\n\u2022 Stainless Steels\r\n\u2022 Aluminum\r\n\u2022 Copper\r\n\u2022 Copper Alloys\r\n\r\n\r\nHydro Forming Processes\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Hydroforming System\r\n\r\nAll hydroforming systems include:\r\n\u2022 Tooling and dies\r\n\u2022 A hydraulic press\r\n\u2022 A fluid-pressure intensification system\r\n\r\nHydro-forming\u00a0dies vary dramatically with regards to sheet metal hydro-forming\u00a0and tubular hydro-forming\u00a0operations. Dies may be single or multi-cavity.\r\n\r\nHydro-forming\u00a0utilizes hydraulic, rather than mechanical, presses for many reasons. Hydraulic presses are able to deliver full tonnage at any point in the stroke, not just at the bottom as is the case with mechanical presses. The hydraulic press can be adjusted to provide optimal part clearance. Also, hydraulic presses can be stopped in mid-stroke which is advantageous to some hydro-forming\u00a0operations.\r\n\r\nThe fluid-pressure intensification pressure system consists of a low-pressure, high flow rate filling system, along with a high-pressure intensifier to raise the fluid pressure to forming levels. The forming fluid is water based and contains additives such as lubricants, drying agents, rust preventatives, and bactericides.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Of Hydro Forming Process:\r\n\r\n\r\nIn a typical hydroforming operating cycle, a blank is placed on the lower die tooling, and the press is closed. Fluid is then introduced to either one side of the sheet metal blank, or within the tubular blank. As fluid pressure is intensified the blank deforms, taking the shape of the tooling. Lubrication is especially important in hydroforming. Lubricants assist in reducing the friction and stresses as the metal flows into its final shape.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTubular Hydroforming\r\n\r\nTubular hydroforming begins with the placement of either straight tubes, or more commonly preformed tubes, into the die. Sealing punches within the die close off the tube ends as fluid pressurization begins. The three surfaces of a tube that can act as sealing surfaces, include:\r\n\u2022 The outside diameter of the tube\r\n\u2022 The inside diameter of the tube\r\n\u2022 The end surface of the tube\r\n\r\n\r\nTube \u00a0Hydro Forming Processes\r\n\r\nDuring forming, a combination of increasing internal fluid pressure and a simultaneous axial pressing on the tube ends by the sealing punches cause the tubular material to flow into the contours of the die.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTubular hydro-forming cycles also include 'hydro-piercing' to create holes and slots in the part. The piercing tool is incorporated into the hydro-forming die and activated during the forming cycle by hydraulic cylinders.\r\nThe piercing action is usually inward against the pressurized fluid. Piercing can also be performed outwardly by retracting a plunger, or backup punch. The fluid pressure within the tube causes the surface material to fail, creating a hole in the unreinforced portion of the tube wall.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSheet Metal Hydroforming\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn sheet metal hydroforming, controlled metal flow during the operation minimizes localized stress\u00a0concentrations that may cause workpiece buckling or wrinkling. Sheet metal hydroforming is slower than traditional stamping, thus its use is limited to short runs of more highly specialized parts.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHydroforming is capable of producing parts within tight tolerances including aircraft tolerances where a common tolerance for sheet metal parts is within 0.76 mm (1\/30th of an inch). Metal hydroforming also allows for a smoother finish as draw marks produced by the traditional method of pressing a male and female die together are eliminated.\r\n\r\nWhile springback has long been a topic of discussion for sheet metal forming operations it has been far less of a topic of research for tube hydroforming. This may in part be a result of the relatively low levels of springback naturally occurring when deforming the tubes into their closed section geometries. Tube Hydroformed sections by the nature of their closed sections are very rigid and do not display high degrees of elastic deformation under load. For this reason it is likely that negative residual stress induced during tube hydroforming might be insufficient to deform the part elastically after the completion of forming. However, as more and more tubular parts are being manufactured using high strength steel and advanced high strength steel parts, springback must be accounted for in the design and manufacture of closed section tube hydroformed parts.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload:\r\nSeminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download \u00a0","headline":"Seminar On Hydro Forming Processes report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-05-22","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/SeminarOnHydroFormingProcessesreportDownload-300x206.png","height":206,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=239">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=238"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>238</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=239"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>239</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>240</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=241"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>241</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=242"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>242</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=241">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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