<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head>  <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-63955840-1"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,CgkgIHdpbmRvdy5kYXRhTGF5ZXIgPSB3aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyIHx8IFtdOwoJICBmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKTt9CgkgIGd0YWcoJ2pzJywgbmV3IERhdGUoKSk7CgoJICAKCSAgCSAgZ3RhZygnY29uZmlnJywgJ1VBLTYzOTU1ODQwLTEnKTsKCSAgCgk="></script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/www.gunkrazy.com-favicon-image.png"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><title>Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering</title><meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/><link rel="canonical" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta property="og:url" content="//www.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mechanical Engineering blog" /><meta property="fb:admins" content="https://www.facebook.com/sachin.thorat3" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /><meta name="twitter:data1" content="Less than a minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person","name":"Sachin Thorat","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/royal.mech.engg","https://twitter.com/thoratsachin027"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#website","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com","name":"Mechanical Engineering blog","publisher":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"//www.gunkrazy.com/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/","name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","about":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#website"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#author","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","inLanguage":"en-US"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","author":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"}}]}</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="5Sa35IchqdSspzqAS1DI0AQEde9mldI2FZu66psXg" /><meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0633F9DED879963ED766DB4D21411F2B" /><meta name="yandex-verification" content="6203245cb91cc415" /><meta name="p:domain_verify" content="1d54713710a5b65365ad80e5daccdb40" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Feed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Comments Feed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/comments/feed/" /> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <!--noptimize--><script id="learn-ready">
			window.advanced_ads_ready=function(e,a){a=a||"complete";var d=function(e){return"interactive"===a?"loading"!==e:"complete"===e};d(document.readyState)?e():document.addEventListener("readystatechange",(function(a){d(a.target.readyState)&&e()}),{once:"interactive"===a})},window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[];		</script>
		<!--/noptimize--><style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item}</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-income-school-style-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_6aa70931e213384c9a6255eeedb3f19f.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width768-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_4097091fbbb660b667281e5052538af8.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 768px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width960-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_1b82ae29fa8c6f6b1dda16beb19cfc46.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 960px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width1200-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_90097e866176b4ced86c9b703df91b35.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 1200px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_605682d15b905afcca53b93514fbaeca.php?ver=2.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='custom-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.search-wrapper #search-icon{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png") center/cover no-repeat #fff;}.share-container .email-btn:before{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/envelope.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.share-container .print-btn:before{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/print-icon.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.externallinkimage{background-image:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/extlink.png")}body, body ul, body li, body td, body th, body p, body p.legal-disclaimer, body  input, body select, body optgroup, body textarea, body .entry-meta span, body.single .entry-meta .byline, .entry-content .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a{ color: #4f4f4f; }body.home #page .hero-text-wrapper h2.hero-text{ color:#ffffff; }#content h1, #content h2:not(.widget-title, .hero-text, .section-header-text, .card-title), #content h3, #content .author-card .author-info a, #content h4, #content h5, #content h6, #content .header { color: #bf22b2; }body .article-card header p a{color:#ff392e;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text,#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card h2:before{ background-color:#d693c6;}#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card:hover h2:before{ opacity:0.5; transition:opacity 500ms;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text, body.home #page h2.card-title{ color:#ff392e;}body a, body a:visited, body a:focus, body a:active{ color: #ff392e; }body a:hover, body a:visited:hover, body a:focus, body a:active { color: #ff392e }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, #content .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='reset'], #content input[type='submit'], #content .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { background: #ff392e; }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color), #page button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='reset'], input[type='submit'], .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { color: #f2f2f2; }.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs::before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li{border-color:#bababa;}#content hr, body .wp-block-separator{ background-color: #bababa; } #page aside#secondary .legal-info-container, #page aside#secondary .sidebar-ad{ border-top-color: #bababa;} #page .author-card{border-top-color: #bababa;border-bottom-color: #bababa;}#page .site-footer{border-top-color: #bababa;}@media (min-width: 960px){#page .site-content .widget-area{border-left-color:#bababa;}}#content #antibounce { background: #f0f0f0; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card .copy-wrapper p{ color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button{ background-color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button { color: #ffffff }
.article-card .image-container {
   
    background-size: contain;</style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/11350" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /><link rel='shortlink' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunkrazy.com%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunkrazy.com%2F&#038;format=xml" /><meta name="category" content="homepage" /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Franklin:wght@400;800&family=Roboto+Condensed&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><style>ins.adsbygoogle { background-color: transparent; padding: 0; }</style><script  async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1685119944030639" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </head><body class="home page-template-default page page-id-11350 aa-prefix-learn-"><div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a><header id="masthead" class="site-header desktop-toggle"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="hamburger-wrapper desktop"> <button class="hamburger hamburger--squeeze menu-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> <span class="label">MENU</span> </button></div><div class="site-branding"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="300" height="300" src="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png 300w, //www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></div><div class="search-wrapper"> <a href="#open" id="search-icon" style="background: url(//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png) center/cover no-repeat #fff;"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a><div class="search-form-wrapper"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="//www.gunkrazy.com/"><style>.search-wrapper.search-active .search-field {
			width: 200px;
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
		}
		.search-wrapper button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
			top: -35px;
			position: relative;
			background-color: transparent;
			height: 30px;
			width: 30px;
			padding: 0;
			margin: 0;
			background-image: url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png");
			background-position: center;
			background-repeat: no-repeat;
			background-size: contain;
		}
		.search-wrapper.search-active button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block !important;
		}</style><label for="s"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit" style="display:none;"><span class="screen-reader-text"></span></button></form></div></div></div><nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation"><div class="menu-main-manu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-13454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-home menu-item-13454"><a href="http://www.gunkrazy.com">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-13461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13461"><a target="_blank" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/">Subject Wise Notes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13456"><a target="_blank" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/">Projects List</a></li><li id="menu-item-13457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13457"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Project and seminars</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13458"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a></li><li id="menu-item-13459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13459"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-13460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13460"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Software</a></li><li id="menu-item-13462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13462"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">GATE</a></li><li id="menu-item-13466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-13466"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13467"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a></li><li id="menu-item-13468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13468"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></nav></header><div id="content" class="site-content"><div id="primary" class="content-area"><section class="featured-categories-wrapper"><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/jigs-and-fixture-design1-768x581.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/"><h2 class="card-title">Index of Mechanical Projects</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/lathe-machine-operation-768x515.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Mechanical Subjects notes</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CATIA-V5-Surface.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cad-software/"><h2 class="card-title">CAD Design</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Orbital-Welding-Process-Equipment-Application-min-1.png')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/manufacturing-technology-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Manufacturing Technology Notes</h2> </a></article></section><main id="main" class="site-main"><section class="articles-wrapper"><h2 class="section-header-text">Recent Posts</h2><article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-nuclear-power-plant-report-pdf-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nuclear-Power-plant-parts-300x230.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-nuclear-power-plant-report-pdf-download/">Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download
Abstract
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-nuclear-power-plant-report-pdf-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-nuclear-power-plant-report-pdf-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download\r\nAbstract\r\nA nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator which produces electricity. Nuclear power plants are usually considered to be base load stations, since fuel is a small part of the cost of production. Nuclear power plants are not located according to specific attributes of geography, and are therefore found all over the world. Although as a coin has two sides, nuclear power plants also have many merits and demerits. The present status of nuclear energy and future is also discussed further.\r\nIntroduction\r\nConventional thermal power stations use oil or coal as the source as the source of energy. The reserves of these fuels are becoming depleted in many countries and thus there is a tendency to seek alternative sources of energy. In a nuclear power station instead of a furnace there is a nuclear reactor, in which heat is generated by splitting atoms of radioactive material under suitable conditions. The conversion to electrical energy takes place indirectly, as in conventional thermal power plants. The heat is produced by fission in a nuclear reactor. Directly or indirectly, water vapor (steam) is produced. The pressurized steam is then usually fed to a multi-stage steam turbine. For economical use in a power system a nuclear power station generally has to be large and where large units are justifiable.\r\n\r\n Nuclear Power plant parts\r\nComponents of a Nuclear Power Plant\r\nThe Various Components of a Nuclear Power Plant are:\r\n\r\nNuclear Reactor: \r\n\r\nA nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. In its central part, the reactor core's heat is generated by controlled nuclear fission. With this heat, a coolant is heated as it is pumped through the reactor and thereby removes the energy from the reactor. Heat from nuclear fission is used to raise steam, which runs through turbines, which in turn powers either ship's propellers or electrical generators.\r\n\r\nCooling System: \r\n\r\nA cooling system removes heat from the reactor core and transports it to another area of the plant, where the thermal energy can be harnessed to produce electricity or to do other useful work. Typically the hot coolant is used as a heat source for a boiler, and the pressurized steam from that one or more steam turbine driven electrical generators. Almost all currently operating nuclear power plants are light water reactors using ordinary water under high pressure as coolant and neutron moderator.\r\n\r\nSafety Valves: \r\n\r\nIn the event of an emergency, safety valves can be used to prevent pipes from bursting or the reactor from exploding. The valves are designed so that they can derive all of the supplied flow rates with little increase in pressure. In the case of the BWR, the steam is directed into the suppression chamber and condenses there. The chambers on a heat exchanger are connected to the intermediate cooling\r\ncircuit.\r\n\r\nFeedwater pump: \r\n\r\nThe water level in the steam generator and nuclear reactor is controlled using the feedwater system. The feedwater pump has the task of taking the water from the condensate system, increasing the pressure and forcing it into either the steam generators (in the case of a pressurized water reactor) or directly into the reactor (for boiling water reactors).\r\n\r\nSteam Turbine: \r\n\r\nThe steam generated from the boiler is used to drive the turbine. This turbine is connected to an electric generator so as to generate electricity. Care is taken in maintaining the condition of the turbine as it handles steam of very high heat capacity. The turbines used in BWRs have to be radioactively sealed so as to avoid leakage of the radioactive water.\r\n\r\nElectric Generator:\r\n\r\n The generator converts kinetic energy supplied by the turbine into electrical energy. Low-pole AC synchronous generators of high rated power are used.\r\n\r\nCooling Towers: \r\n\r\nA cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.\r\n\r\nEmergency Power Supply: \r\n\r\nMost nuclear plants require two distinct sources of offsite power feeding station service transformers that are sufficiently separated in the plant's switchyard and can receive power from multiple transmission lines. Nuclear power plants are equipped with emergency power systems to maintain safety in the event of unit shutdown and loss of offsite power. Batteries provide uninterruptible power to instrumentation, control systems, and valves.. The emergency diesel generators do not power all plant systems, only those required to shut the reactor down safely, remove decay heat from the reactor, provide emergency core cooling, and, in some plants, spent fuel pool cooling.\r\nAdvantages of Nuclear Power Plant\r\n\r\n \tSpace requirement of a nuclear power plant is less as compared to other conventional power plants of equal size.\r\n \tA nuclear power plant consumes very small quantity of fuel. Thus fuel transportation cost is less and large fuel storage facility is not needed.\r\n \tThere is increased reliability of operation.\r\n \tNuclear power plants are not affected by adverse weather conditions.\r\n \tNuclear power plants are well suited to meet large power demands. They give better performance at higher load factors (80-90%).\r\n \tMaterials expenditure on metal structures, piping, storage mechanisms are much lower for a nuclear power plant than a coal burning power plant.\r\n \tIt does not require large quantity of water.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Nuclear Power Plant\r\n\r\n \tInitial cost of nuclear power plant is higher as compared to hydro or steam power plant.\r\n \tNuclear power plants are not well suited for varying load conditions.\r\n \tRadioactive wastes if not disposed carefully may have bad effect on the health of workers and other population.\r\n \tMaintenance cost of the plant is high.\r\n \tIt requires highly trained personnel to handle nuclear power plants.\r\n \tNuclear power plants generate external dependence. Not many countries have uranium mines and not all the countries have nuclear technology, so they have to hire both things overseas.\r\n \tNuclear power plants are objectives of terrorist organizations\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar On Nuclear Power Plant Report PDF Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-08-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Nuclear-Power-plant-parts-300x230.jpg","height":230,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor-technology-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/frictionless-compressor-seminar-report-300x215.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor-technology-report-download/">Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download
ABSTRACT
Traditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings, both of which consume power and require oil...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor-technology-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor-technology-report-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download\r\nABSTRACT\r\nTraditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings, both of which consume power and require oil and lubrication system. This can be overcome by the introduction of new compressor technology called frictionless compressor technology. The frictionless compressor technology is compressor with the application of magnetic bearings and permanent magnet synchronous motor. In frictionless compressor instead of roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings, magnetic bearings are used. Magnetic bearings consume less power and there is no need for oil and lubrication systems. Permanent magnet brushless synchronous motor has permanent magnet instead of copper windings.\r\n\r\nAfter 10 years of development, magnetic bearing compressors offer economic, energy, and environmental benefits. Chief among them are increased energy efficiency, the elimination of oil and oil management and considerable less weight, noise, and vibration. This is initial mid-range package offers centrifugal compression efficiencies previously reserved for large tonnage systems only. This compressor has high reliability, efficiency, less maintenance cost and staff. With the help of digital control system the controlling and monitoring of work is very easy. The frictionless compressor technology makes new revolutions in the field of air conditioning, refrigeration etc\u2026\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nA new compressor technology introduced during the 2008 International Air-Conditioning Heating Refrigerating Exposition (AHR Expo), held last January in Chicago, may have a significant effect on the future of mid-range chillers and rooftop applications in water-cooled, evaporative cooled, and air-cooled chilled water and direct-expansion (DX) systems. Designed and optimized to take full advantage of magnetic-bearing technology, the compressor was awarded the first AHR Expo Innovation Award in the energy category, as well as Canada\u2019s Energy Efficiency Award for its potential to reduce utility-generated greenhouse-gas emissions. The compressor is key to a new water cooled centrifugal-chiller design, with Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) tests indicating integrated part-load values (IPLVs) not normally seen with conventional chillers in this tonnage range.\r\n\r\nFrictionless Compressor Technology is one of the fast growing Technology in the mechanical engineering field. In the case of Traditional centrifugal compressors, we use roller bearings &amp; hydrodynamic bearings, both of them consume power &amp; require oil &amp; lubrication system. This can be overcome by introduction of the new compressor technology which is called as frictionless compressor technology.\r\nGAS COMPRESSOR\r\nA gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Compressors are similar to pumps: both increase the pressure on a fluid and both can transport the fluid through a pipe. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of a gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible, so the main action of a pump is to transport liquids.\r\n\r\nThe Frictionless compressor is the world\u2019s first totally Oil-Free compressor specifically designed for the Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) industry. The convergence of aerospace and industrially proven magnetic bearings, variable-speed centrifugal compression and digital electronic technologies enables the frictionless compressors (nominal 60-150 ton capacity range) to achieve the highest compressor efficiencies, cost effectively, for middle-market, water-cooled, evaporative-cooled and air-cooled HVACR applications.\r\nFRICTIONLESS COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY\r\nFrictionless Compressor Technology is one of the fast growing Technology in the mechanical engineering field. In the case of Traditional centrifugal compressors, we use roller bearings &amp; hydrodynamic bearings, both of them consume power &amp; require oil &amp; lubrication system. This can be overcome by introduction of the new compressor technology which is called as FRICTIONLESS COMPRESSOR TECHNOLOGY. The frictionless compressor technology is the compressor with which the application of the magnetic bearings &amp; permanent magnet synchronous motor. In the frictionless compressor instead of the roller bearings &amp; hydrodynamic bearings, magnetic bearings will be use. Magnetic bearings consume less power &amp; there is no need for the oil and lubrication systems. Permanent magnet brushless synchronous motor has the permanent magnet instead of the copper windings. This compressor has the high efficiency, reliability, less maintenance cost &amp; the staff. With help of the digital control system, controlling &amp; monitoring of the work is very easy. \r\n\r\nThe frictionless compressor technology makes new revolutions in the field of air conditioning, refrigeration etc.\r\n. They Are Different because\r\n1. Magnetic bearings.\r\n2. Oil-free design.\r\n3. VFD control.\r\n4. Smaller and lighter than conventional compressors.\r\n5. Less noise\r\nMAIN COMPONENTS\r\nThe components in Frictionless Compressor can be mainly classified into two categories as Mechanical components and Electrical components\r\n\r\n frictionless compressor seminar report\r\n\r\n1. Magnetic bearings and bearing sensors\r\n\r\n \tComposed of both permanent and electromagnets\r\n \tEnables precisely controlled frictionless compressor shaft rotation on a levitated magnetic cushion\r\n \tBearing sensors, located at each magnetic bearing, feedback rotor orbit and thrust\/axial information in real time.\r\n\r\n2. Permanent-magnet synchronous motor\r\n\r\n \tPowered by PWM (pulse width modulated) voltage supply\r\n \tHigh-speed variable frequency operation affords high efficiency, compactness and soft start capability\r\n\r\n3. Touchdown bearings\r\n\r\n \tCarbon-lined radially and axially located bearings support the rotor when the compressor is not energized\r\n \tPrevents contact between the rotor and other metallic surfaces\r\n\r\n4. Shaft and impellers\r\n\r\n \tOnly one major moving compressor component\r\n \tActs as rotor for permanent-magnet synchronous motor\r\n \tImpellers are keyed directly to the motor rotor\r\n\r\n5. Compressor cooling\r\n\r\n \tLiquid refrigerant flow is controlled electronically, cooling electronic, mechanical and electromechanical compressor components to assure maximum efficiency and safe operation.\r\n\r\n6. Inlet guide vane assembly\r\n\r\n \tTrims compressor capacity and is digitally integrated.\r\n \tWith the variable-speed control, to optimize energy.\r\n \tEfficiency and compressor performance.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tEasy to work with - It features the same standard suction, discharge and economizer ports as conventional compressors. It mounts in the standard way. It can use the same power wiring with a single control and monitoring connection.\r\n \tEasy on product cost - This frictionless magnetic bearing design needs no oil management system. And because there\u2019s no oil to coat the heat transfer surfaces, the unit\u2019s high efficiency can be maintained over the lifetime of the product. The outstanding efficiency of the compressor gives equipment manufacturers the option to offer the highest efficiency\/lowest emissions, cost effective performance in its tonnage range.\r\n \tEasy on the ears\u00a0 - A sound level less than 70 dB, with virtually no structure-borne vibration, eliminates the need for expensive attenuation accessories.\r\n \tEasy to handle - 265 pounds (120 kg) is less than 20% of the weight of competitive compressors with an approximate 50% smaller footprint.\r\n \tEasy refrigerant choice - Since the compressors are optimized for HFC -134a, a well-known, environmentally responsible, refrigerant.\r\n \tEasy to control - Onboard digital electronics make the compressor \u201cthe compressor\u201d with a brain. Inside, the compressor is totally self-correcting and incorporates a system of sophisticated self-diagnostics, monitoring and control. Outside, you can tap into this intelligence by using control outputs in various for including web-enabled monitoring and control.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report pdf Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical MCQ Objectives Question and Answers\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar on Frictionless Compressor Technology Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-08-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/frictionless-compressor-seminar-report-300x215.jpg","height":215,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-eddy-current-brake-report-pdf-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/EDDY-CURRENT-INDUCED-IN-A-CONDUCTOR-300x292.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-eddy-current-brake-report-pdf-download/">Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download
ABSTRACT
This is an electric braking system which works on the principle that eddy current produced in it opposes the driving torque. This opposing...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-eddy-current-brake-report-pdf-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-eddy-current-brake-report-pdf-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThis is an electric braking system which works on the principle that eddy current produced in it opposes the driving torque. This opposing torque is used to brake the automobiles. Mainly this system is purely based on Faraday\u2019s laws of electromagnetic induction and Lenz\u2019s law.\r\nFor operating this a control switch is provided on the steering column in a position for easy manual. The skidding and complexity of mechanical braking system can be minimized by this system. Also the wear and tear of the vehicles can be reduced.\r\nSince researches are going on to eliminate some of the disadvantages of this system, we can accept it to be the norm one in a few years of time.\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nMany of the ordinary brakes, which are being used now days stop the vehicle by means of mechanical blocking. This causes skidding and wear and tear of the vehicle. And if the speed of the vehicle is very high, the brake cannot provide that much high braking force and it will cause problems.\r\n\r\nEDDY CURRENT INDUCED IN A CONDUCTOR\r\n\r\n These drawbacks of ordinary brakes can be overcome by a simple and effective mechanism of braking system \u2018The eddy current brake\u2019. It is an abrasion-free method for braking of vehicles including trains. It makes use of the opposing tendency of eddy current\r\nEddy current is the swirling current produced in a conductor, which is subjected to a change in magnetic field. Because of the tendency of eddy currents to oppose, eddy currents cause energy to be lost. More accurately, eddy currents transform more useful forms of energy such as kinetic energy into heat, which is much less useful. In many applications, the loss of useful energy is not particularly desirable. But there are some practical applications. Such an application is the eddy current brake.\r\nPRINCIPLE OF OPERATIONS\r\nEddy current brake works according to Faraday\u2019s law of electromagnetic induction. According to this law, whenever a conductor cuts magnetic lines of forces, an emf is induced in the conductor, the magnitude of which is proportional to the strength of magnetic field and the speed of the conductor. If the conductor is a disc, there will be circulatory currents i.e. eddy currents in the disc. According to Lenz\u2019s\r\nlaw, the direction of the current is in such a way as to oppose the cause, i.e. movement of the disc.\r\nEssentially the eddy current brake consists of two parts, a stationary magnetic field system and a solid rotating part, which include a metal disc. During braking, the metal disc is exposed to a magnetic field from an electromagnet, generating eddy currents in the disc. The magnetic interaction between the applied field and the eddy currents slow down the rotating disc. Thus the wheels of the vehicle also slow down since the wheels are directly coupled to the disc of the eddy current brake, thus producing smooth stopping motion.\r\nWORKING\r\nWhen the vehicle is moving, the rotor disc of eddy current brake which is coupled to the wheels of the vehicle rotates, in close proximity to stationary magnetic poles. When we want to brake the vehicle, a control switch is put on which is placed on the steering column in a position for easy operation. When the control switch is operated, current flows from a battery to the field winding, thus energizing the magnet. Then the rotating disc will cut the magnetic field. When the disc cuts the magnetic field, flux changes occur in the disc which is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field. The current will flow back to the zero field areas of the metal plate and thus create a closed current loop like a whirl or eddy. A flow of current always means there is a magnetic field as well. Due to Lenz\u2019s law, the magnetic field produced by the eddy currents works against the movement direction. Thus instead of mechanical friction, a magnetic friction is created. In consequence, the disc will experience a \u201cdrag\u201d or the braking effect, and thus the disc stops rotation. The wheels of the vehicle, which is directly coupled to the disc, also stop rotation. \r\n\r\nFaster the wheels are spinning, stronger the effect, meaning that as the vehicle slows, the braking force is reduced producing a smooth stopping action. The control switch can be set at different positions for controlling the excitation current to several set values in order to regulate the magnetic flux and consequently the magnitude of braking force. i.e. if the speed of the vehicle is lpw, a low braking force is required to stop the vehicle. So the control switch is set at the lowest position so that a low current will be supplied to the field winding. Then the magnetic field produced will be of low strength, so that a required low braking force is produced.\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tLess maintenance\r\n \tWide range of braking force available within the temperature limit\r\n \tProlonged braking is possible\r\n \tLong life\r\n \tLess strain to the operation\r\n \tSmooth retardation, which cuts down, the tire wears\r\n\r\nEddy current brakes offer smooth retardation of vehicles without skidding. It is totally free of wear and tear. So it has long life compared to ordinary brakes. These need less maintenance.\r\nIn mountain areas continuous braking is needed for a long time. At this condition, eddy current braking is more suitable to function without overheating. By changing the excitation current to the field winding, i.e. by adjusting the position of the control switch, we can vary the braking force to required range. The operation of eddy current brake is very simple. i.e. the control switch is a soft switch which can be operated without any strain.\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tNo breaking force at rest\r\n \tNeed of electric power\r\n\r\nThe main disadvantage of the eddy current brake is that it needs electric power to work. Researches are going on to overcome this disadvantage by making the brake regenerative i.e. by converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electric energy and storing it back into the battery.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nRobotic and automation projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar On Eddy Current Brake Report PDF Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-08-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/EDDY-CURRENT-INDUCED-IN-A-CONDUCTOR-300x292.jpg","height":292,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-magnetic-refrigeration-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/magnetic-refrigeration-seminar-report-download-300x242.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-magnetic-refrigeration-report-download/">Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download
ABSTRACT
The objective of this effort is to study the Magnetic Refrigeration which uses solid materials as the refrigerant. These materials...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-magnetic-refrigeration-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-magnetic-refrigeration-report-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThe objective of this effort is to study the Magnetic Refrigeration which uses solid materials as the refrigerant. These materials demonstrate the unique property known as magneto caloric effect, which means that they increase and decrease in temperature when magnetized \/demagnetized. This effect has been observed for many years and was used for cooling near absolute zero. Recently materials are being developed which have sufficient temperature and entropy change to make them useful for a wide range temperature applications.\r\n\r\nMagnetic refrigeration is an emerging technology that exploits the magnetocaloric effect found in solid state refrigerants. The combination of solid-state refrigerants, water based heat transfer fluids and high efficiency leads to environmentally desirable products with minimal contribution to global warming. Among the numerous application of refrigeration technology air conditioning applications provide the largest aggregate cooling power and use of the greatest quantity of electric energy.\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nRefrigeration is the process of removing heat from matter which may be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Removing heat from the matter cools it, or lowers its temperature. In the mechanical refrigeration a refrigerant is a substance capable of transferring heat that it absorbs at low temperatures and pressures to a condensing medium; in the region of transfer, the refrigerant is at higher temperatures and pressures. By means of expansion, compression, and a cooling medium, such as air or water, the refrigerant removes heat from a substance and transfers it to the cooling medium.\r\nOur society is highly dependent on reliable cooling technology. Refrigeration is critical to our health and the global economy. Consumer application includes air conditioning, food preservation, air dehumidification, beverage dispensing and ice making without refrigeration the\r\nfood supply wood still be seasonal and limited to locally produced non-perishable items.\r\nModern refrigeration is almost entirely based on a compression\/ expansion refrigeration cycle. It is a mature, reliable &amp; relatively low cost technology. Over the years,all parts of a conventional refrigerator were considerably improved due to extended research and development\r\nefforts. Furthermore, some liquids used as refrigerants are hazardous chemicals, while other eventually escape into the environment contributing towards ozone layer depletion and global warming and therefore, conventional refrigeration ultimately promotes deleterious trends in the global climate.\r\nOBJECTIVES OF MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION\r\nTo develop more efficient and cost effective small scale H2 liquefiers as an alternative to vapor-compression cycles using magnetic refrigeration. With the help of magnetic refrigeration our objective is to solve the problem of hydrogen storage as it ignites on a very low temperature. Hydrogen Research Institute (HRI) is studying it with the help of magnetic refrigeration. We provide the cooling for the hydrogen storage by liquefying it. The hydrogen can be liquefied at a low temperature and the low temperature is achieved with the help of magnetic refrigeration.\r\nThus, the magnetic refrigeration also provides a method to store hydrogen by liquefying it. The term used for such a device is magnetic liquefier.\r\n\r\n magnetic refrigeration seminar report download\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nAs shown in the figure, when the magnetic material is placed in the magnetic field, the thermometer attached to it shows a high temperature as the temperature of it increases. But on the other side when the magnetic material is removed from the magnetic field, the thermometer shows low temperature as its temperature decreases The place we want to cool it, we will apply magnetic field to the material in that place and as its temperature increases, it will absorb heat from that place and by taking the magnetic material outside in the surroundings, we will remove the magnetic material from magnetic field and thus it will lose heat as its temperature decreases and hence the cycle repeats over and again to provide the cooling effect at the desired place.\r\nMagnetic Refrigeration system : -\r\nConsists of two beds containing spherical powder of Gadolinium with water being used as the heat transfer fluid. The magnetic field for this system is 5 Wb\/m2, providing a temperature span of 38 K. The process flow diagram for the magnetic refrigeration system is shown in\r\nFigure-\r\n\r\nA mixture of water and ethanol serves as the heat transfer fluid for the system. The fluid first passes through the hot heat exchanger, which uses air to transfer heat to the atmosphere. The fluid then passes through the copper plates attached to the no magnetized cooler-magneto caloric beds and loses heat. A fan blows air over this cold fluid into the freezer to keep the freezer temperature at approximately 0\u00b0F. The heat transfer fluid then gets heated up to 80\u00b0F, as it passes through the copper plates adjoined by the magnetized warmer magneto caloric beds, where it continues to cycle around the loop. However, the magneto caloric beds simultaneously move up and down, into and out of the magnetic field. The second position of the beds is shown in Figure 6.4. The cold air from the freezer is blown into the refrigerator by the freezer fan shown in Figure 6.5. The temperature of the refrigerator section is kept around 39\u00b0F.\r\n\r\nComponents required for construction :-\r\n1. Magnets\r\n2. Hot Heat exchanger\r\n3. Cold Heat Exchanger\r\n4. Drive\r\n5. Magneto caloric wheel\r\n\r\n1. Magnets : -\r\n\r\nMagnets are the main functioning element of the magnetic refrigeration. Magnets provide the magnetic field to the material so that they can lose or gain the heat to the surrounding and from the space to be cooled respectively.\r\n\r\n2. Hot Heat Exchanger : -\r\n\r\nThe hot heat exchanger absorbs the heat from the material used and gives off to the surrounding. It makes the transfer of heat much effective.\r\n\r\n3. Cold Heat Exchanger :-\r\n\r\nThe cold heat exchanger absorbs the heat from the space to be cooled and gives it to the magnetic material. It helps to make the absorption of heat effective.\r\n\r\n4. Drive : -\r\n\r\nDrive provides the right rotation to the heat to rightly handle it. Due to this heat flows in the right desired direction.\r\n\r\n5. Magneto caloric Wheel : -\r\n\r\nIt forms the structure of the whole device. It joins both the two magnets to work properly.\r\nAdvantages : -\r\n\r\n \tThe potential advantages of magnetic refrigeration bare valid in comparison with the direct evaporation refrigerating machines:\r\n \tPurchase cost may be high, but running costs are 20% less than the conventional chillers.\r\n \tThus life cycle cost is much less.\r\n \tOzone depleting refrigerants are avoided in this system, hence it more eco-friendly.\r\n \tEnergy conservation and reducing the energy costs are added advantages.\r\n \tThe efficiency of magnetic refrigeration is 60% to 70% as compared to Carnot cycle.\r\n \tMagnetic refrigeration is totally maintenance free &amp; mechanically simple in construction.\r\n \t\u201cgreen\u201d technology, no use of conventional refrigerants\r\n \tNoise less technology (no compressor). This is an advantage in certain contexts such as medical applications\r\n \tHigher energy efficiency. Thermodynamic cycles close to Carnot process are possible due to the reversibility of the MCE\r\n \tSimple design of machines, e.g. Rotary porous heat exchanger refrigerator\r\n \tLow (atmospheric) pressure. This is an advantage in certain applications such as in air-conditioning and refrigeration units in automobiles.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tOn the other hand, some disadvantages include:\r\n \tThe initial investment is more as compared with conventional refrigeration.\r\n \tThe magneto caloric materials are rare earth materials hence their availability also adds up an disadvantage in MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION.\r\n \tGMCE materials need to be developed to allow higher frequencies of rectilinear and rotary magnetic refrigerators\r\n \tProtection of electronic components from magnetic fields. But notice that they are static, of short range and may be shielded\r\n \tPermanent magnets have limited field strength. Electromagnets and superconducting magnets are (too) expensive\r\n \tTemperature changes are limited. Multi-stage machines lose effi ciency through the heat transfer between the stages\r\n \tMoving machines need high precision to avoid magnetic field reduction due to gaps between the magnets and the magneto caloric material.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nSeminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Pdf Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nRAC \/ HVAC - Articles , Notes , Que and Answers\r\nThermal Engineering - Articles , Notes , Interview Q &amp; A\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar on Magnetic Refrigeration Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-07-31","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/magnetic-refrigeration-seminar-report-download-300x242.jpg","height":242,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-pneumatic-braking-system-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fabrication-of-pneumatic-braking-system-300x192.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-pneumatic-braking-system-report-download/">Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download
INTRODUCTION
This is a self – assessment test on the part of the students to assess his competency in creativity.
During the course of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-pneumatic-braking-system-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/fabrication-of-pneumatic-braking-system-report-download\/","articleBody":"Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nThis is a self \u2013 assessment test on the part of the students to assess his competency in creativity.\r\nDuring the course of study, the student is put on a sound theoretical foundation of various mechanical engineering subjects and of course, to a satisfactory extent. Opportunities are made available to him to work on different kinds of machines, so that he is exposed to various kinds of manufacturing process. As a students learn more and more his hold on production technology becomes stronger. He attains a stage of perfection, when he himself is able to design and fabricate a device.\r\nThis is the project work. That is the testimony for the strenuous training, which the student had in the institute. This assures that he is no more a student, he is an engineer.\r\nThis report discuses the necessity of the project and various aspects of planning , design, selection of materials, fabrication, erection, estimation and testing.\r\n\r\nREAD MORE :\u00a0Air Braking System | Components , Working Principle , Application\r\nABSTRACT\r\nThe aim is to design and develop a control system based on breaking system of an AIR controlled safely automotive wheel braking system.\r\nThe control valve which directs the air to the double acting cylinder for breaking control. This braking actions is implemented In our project, we have to apply this braking system in one wheel as a model.\r\n\r\nREAD MORE :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tPneumatic braking system | Construction and Working\r\n \tAutomatic Pneumatic Clutch and Braking System\r\n \tIntroduction To Brakes and Different Types Of Brake | Function Of Braking System\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nBrakes are one of the most important control components of the vehicle. They are required to stop the vehicle within the smallest possible distance and this is done by converting the kinetic energy of the wheels into the heat energy which is dissipated into the atmosphere.\r\n\r\nTypes of brakes based on method of actuation:\r\n1. Mechanical brakes\r\n2. Hydraulic brakes\r\n3. Electric and electronic brakes\r\n4. Vacuum brakes\r\n5. Air brakes\r\nTypes of brakes based on application\r\n1. Drum brakes\r\n2. Disc brakes\r\n3. Parking Brakes\r\n\r\nfabrication of pneumatic braking system\r\nFABRICATION OF THE PROJECT\r\nThis project consists of\r\n\r\n1) DCV system\r\n2) Pneumatic actuator unit\r\n3) Two wheeler (TVS MOPED)\r\n\r\n2.PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR UNIT;\r\n\r\nThe brake lever is connected to the double acting cylinder which is controlled by the 5\/2 way solenoid operated directional control valve.\r\nThis cylinder has 12mm dia and 25mm stroke length.\r\n\r\n3)Two wheeler (TVS MOPED)\r\n\r\nTo fabricate this brake set up a TVS CHAMP two wheeler moped is arranged.\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nThis project consists of\r\n1) AIR control system\r\n2) Pneumatic actuator unit\r\n3) Two wheeler (TVS MOPED)\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n1. Brake cost will be less\r\n2. Free from wear adjustments\r\n3. Less power consumption\r\n4. Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate\r\n5. Installation is simplified very much\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n1. Need separate air tank\r\n2. This brake system is costlier one.\r\n3. Addition cost is required to install this system to four wheeler\r\n\r\nCONCLUSION\r\n\r\nBy doing this mini project we were able to understand the importance of Coordination between the various departments in an manufacturing unit This brake system offers ample scope for improvement By providing intermittent force at the brake plate. One of the major aims to achieve is that when the operator sees a brake force , that he needs to know immediately strike him, implying that the designs simple and easily understandable. Such was the case with AIR brake system. AIR Brake system are hailed as the greatest mechanical contrivance.\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\nFabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nStructural analysis and Design 3d Model Projects\r\nProduct Ideas , Innovative Machine Ideas Projects\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Fabrication Of Pneumatic braking System report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-07-31","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/fabrication-of-pneumatic-braking-system-300x192.jpg","height":192,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pad-printing-machine-for-finished-paper-products-project-report/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/pad-printing-machine-mechanical-projects-237x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pad-printing-machine-for-finished-paper-products-project-report/">Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report
ABSTRACT
In our day today life its quite common that we are using lots of products which are made attractive and informative through...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pad-printing-machine-for-finished-paper-products-project-report/" aria-label="View Post: Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pad-printing-machine-for-finished-paper-products-project-report\/","articleBody":"Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report\r\nABSTRACT\r\nIn our day today life its quite common that we are using lots of products which are made attractive and informative through textual and pictorial impressions made by pad printing. But out of its all scopes, the printing on the finished paper products was still untouched at a gross level. Here forth, we came up with an idea for the same and started the project on the \u201cDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PAD PRINTING MACHINE FOR FINISHED PAPER PRODUCTS\u201d.\r\nPad printing is used for printing on various substrates like Plastics, Metals, Glass and Ceramics, Paper and Cardboard, Leather. But it is primary used in places where the printing area is small and \/ or the contour or surface of the object is not flat or hard to reach by other printing process. We tried to give emphasis on the pad printing on the finished paper products which is quite yet not achieved so easily at larger scales. We achieved the pad printing on the finished paper products with a minimum operating pressure of 5 bar and by utilizing pneumatic and electrical systems.\r\nThe machine is being developed for a paper products manufacturing company at Coimbatore.\r\nIt is a fully automated machine working with the help of pneumatic cylinders for its horizontal and vertical movements. The sealed ink cup, silicon printing pad and an etching plate are the major components of our pad printing machine. Our project has the current applications in the company itself being developed for and for its flexibility and efficient working.\r\n\r\nPad printing is used for printing on various substrates like Plastics, Metals, Glass and Ceramics, Paper and Cardboard, Leather. But it is primary used in places where the printing area is small and or the contour or surface of the object is not flat or hard to reach by other printing process. Pad Printing is finding increasing favour in a host of commercial and industrial applications.\r\nAny way you look at it, Pad Printing is an unlikely imaging process. It \"borrows\" a unique amalgamation of features from gravure, screen printing and rubber stamp printing, yet its most frequent industrial decorating competitor is none of these processes. Instead, Pad Printing most often encroaches on jobs once dominated by Hot Stamping. Even the process itself is somewhat befuddling. If the ink is so attracted by the silicone pad that it leaves the recessed areas of the printing plate, why does it abandon the pad so completely upon touching the substrate? Unlikely as it may be however; this process is finding increasing favour in a host of commercial and industrial applications.\r\n\r\nIt is adaptable to a variety of shapes and contours on parts with a variation in the surface, yet fine detail and precise copy can be achieved. Four color processes is obtained with exact registration. Pad printing is ideal for decorating toys, plastic house wares, and injection molded components. This technology also lends itself to marking electronic components such as resistors, canisters, and connectors. Any part, plastic, ceramic, or metal can be production marked by this process. The equipment can be semi or fully automated, yet remains a low capital expenditure technology.\r\nDESCRIPTION OF PARTS:\r\nThe project consists by following parts:\r\n\r\n \tCompressor\r\n \tPneumatic Cylinder\r\n \tPrinting pads\r\n \tSubstrate\r\n \tInk cup\r\n \tPrinting ink\r\n \tImage plate and print plate making\r\n\r\nThe pneumatic cylinder and piston arrangement holds the Printing pad. The compressor provides highly pressurized air to the cylinder. The power will be transmitted to the piston rod and the printing pad is actuated. Thus the pad is absorbing ink in shape of art made on the clich\u00e9 and due to reciprocating motion of the horizontal cylinder it spreads the print on the substrate.\r\n\r\n pad printing machine mechanical projects\r\nFEATURES OF PAD PRINTING:\r\nFollowing are the unique features of the Pad Printing process.\r\n\r\n \tCan print on convex, concave, curved, recessed and discontinuous surfaces allowing product designers a substantially broader range of shapes and designs.\r\n \tPad printing is able to print shapes and surface structures well outside the capabilities of Screen Printing and Hot Stamping opening up a way to decorate a whole new range of products.\r\n \tAllows wet-on-wet multicolour printing (without intermediate drying) on non-absorbent surfaces - therefore much reduced down time.\r\n \tIs capable of 90 degree wraparound on three-dimensional objects.\r\n \tOffers better edge definition and higher resolution than most other printing systems therefore offering a method of decorating high quality high priced items.\r\n \tIs a relatively inexpensive printing system particularly for multi-colour and process colour printing which means reduced capital outlay.\r\n\r\nAdvantages\r\n\r\n \tVariety of substrates - Almost any material including glass, ceramic, metal can be printed with suitable inks.\r\n \tAbility to print fine details - Resolution is far better than that of screen printing in fact up to 120 lines \/ Cm (300 lines per inch)\r\n \tHigh resistance of printing inks - Depending on ink type used extremely high resistance against mechanical abrasion or chemicals can be achieved.\r\n \tEasy handling and little maintenance - Compared to other printing processes pad printing is easy to learn\r\n \tMulti-colour printing: wet on wet - Possibility to apply multiple prints without intermediate drying\r\n \tShort tooling-up times - Plates and inks can be exchanged within a few minutes\r\n \tLow set up cost - Plates can be produced in-house\r\n \tRelatively low space requirement - Compared to other printing machines pad printing equipment is space efficient\r\n \tLow drying cost - In the most simple case air drying at room temperature is sufficient.\r\n\r\nLIMITATIONS OF PAD PRINTING:\r\n\r\n \tSize of motive - Motive sizes are limited by plate, pad and efficiency of the pad printing machine. The diameters of the largest efficiently printed motives are currently approx. 30 cm.\r\n \tLayer thickness of ink film - The pad process uses plates up to a depth of approx. 20-25\u03bcm (at the most 35\u03bcm). Thus conventional inks will result in printed ink films of approx. 7\u03bcm. This layer thickness can be increased correspondingly by multi-layer printing. Rough particles (e.g. glitter pigments) are difficult to print in an efficient manner\r\n \tPrinting speed - Even substrates can be printed a lot faster with other printing processes.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0\r\n Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nProject Sample report , Final report Download\r\nStructural analysis and Design 3d Model Projects\r\nProduct Ideas , Innovative Machine Ideas Projects\r\nSimple , Easy mechanical projectsManually Hand Operated projectsAffordable low budget Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nCAD \/ CAM Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Pad Printing Machine For Finished Paper Products Project Report","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-07-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 18, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/pad-printing-machine-mechanical-projects-237x300.jpg","height":300,"width":237},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=26">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=25"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>25</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=26"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>26</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>27</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=28"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>28</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=29"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>29</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=28">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. Read more about this portal or Sachin Thorat click on below button!</p> <button onclick="window.location.href='//www.gunkrazy.com/about-me/';">READ MORE</button></div><section id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">Get Dialy Update On Email</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><form style="border:1px solid #ccc;padding:3px;text-align:center;" action="https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify" method="post" target="popupwindow" onsubmit="window.open('https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify?uri=mechenggnet', 'popupwindow', 'scrollbars=yes,width=550,height=520');return true"><p>Enter your email address:</p><p><input type="text" style="width:140px" name="email"/></p><input type="hidden" value="mechenggnet" name="uri"/><input type="hidden" name="loc" value="en_US"/><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" /><p>Delivered by <a href="https://feedburner.google.com" target="_blank">FeedBurner</a></p></form></div></section><section id="categories-5" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Menu</h2><ul><li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/automobile-engineering/">Automobile Engineering</a> (209)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-98"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Design Software</a> (110)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career in Mechanical</a> (57)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-101"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">Exam &#8211; GATE ,IES</a> (50)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-116"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/fabrication/">Fabrication Guide</a> (92)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-110"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/fluid-power-system/">Hydraulic and Pneumatic System</a> (59)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/production-management/">Industrial Engineering</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-102"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a> (23)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-99"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-design/">Machine Design</a> (106)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-117"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-tools/">Machine Shop</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/manufacturing-engineering/">Manufacturing Technology</a> (154)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-113"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/material-science/">Material Science</a> (42)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-97"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a> (652)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a> (85)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-107"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/automation-robotics/">Mechatronics</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-111"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/measurement-science/">Metrology and Instrumentation</a> (61)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/power-engineering/">Power Engineering</a> (38)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-project-list/">Project Lists</a> (73)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a> (139)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-105"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/theory-of-machine/">Theory Of Machine</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-104"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/thermodynamics/">Thermal Engineering</a> (129)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (1)</li></ul></section></aside></div></div><footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"><div class="inner-wrap footer-option-1"><div class="menu-footer-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-11367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-11350 current_page_item menu-item-11367"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-11368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11368"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/blog/">Blog</a></li><li id="menu-item-11370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11370"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/about-me/">About</a></li><li id="menu-item-11372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11372"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/contact-us/">Contact</a></li><li id="menu-item-11369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-11369"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li><li id="menu-item-11373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11373"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/terms-and-conditions_77/">Terms</a></li><li id="menu-item-11371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11371"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/advertise/">Advertise</a></li></ul></div><div class="site-info"> &copy; 2025 Copyright Learn Mechanical Engineering</div></div></footer></div> <!--noptimize--><!--email_off--><style type='text/css'>.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:290px;height:32px;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;background-color:#565656;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new:hover{background-color:#636363;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:14px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:10px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new:hover .mb-text{color:#ffffff;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new{width:90%}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new .mb-text{font-size:11px}}
.maxbutton-17.maxbutton.maxbutton-thermal-engineering-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:500px;height:30px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;background-color:#add1a1;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-17.maxbutton.maxbutton-thermal-engineering-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-17.maxbutton.maxbutton-thermal-engineering-notes .mb-text{color:#208715;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-17.maxbutton.maxbutton-thermal-engineering-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#542148;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-17.maxbutton.maxbutton-thermal-engineering-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-17.maxbutton.maxbutton-thermal-engineering-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:580px;height:30px;border-width:0px;border-radius:18px 18px 18px 18px;background-color:#9871b7;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster:hover{background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:17px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:6px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster{width:90%}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster .mb-text{font-size:13px}}
.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;background-color:#4db8c1;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index .mb-text{color:#303030;font-family:Georgia;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index:hover .mb-text{color:#afa746;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index{width:90%}.maxbutton-28.maxbutton.maxbutton-seminar-index .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-29.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-main{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:28px;border:1px solid #212121;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;background-color:rgba(237, 237, 33, 0.99);box-shadow:0px 1px 0px 0px #9b9904}.maxbutton-29.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-main:hover{border-color:#dd9933;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 1px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-29.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-main .mb-text{color:#c61300;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:8px 0px 0px 2px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-29.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-main:hover .mb-text{color:#4bbac6;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-29.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-main{width:90%}.maxbutton-29.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-main .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-71.maxbutton.maxbutton-fvfvfv{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:27px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:25px 25px 25px 25px;background-color:#8c6038;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-71.maxbutton.maxbutton-fvfvfv:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-71.maxbutton.maxbutton-fvfvfv .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:14px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-71.maxbutton.maxbutton-fvfvfv:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-71.maxbutton.maxbutton-fvfvfv{width:90%}.maxbutton-71.maxbutton.maxbutton-fvfvfv .mb-text{font-size:11px}}
.maxbutton-35.maxbutton.maxbutton-robotic-and-automation-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:450px;height:28px;border:2px solid #50c9c5;border-radius:25px 25px 25px 25px;background-color:#20bcdb;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-35.maxbutton.maxbutton-robotic-and-automation-projects:hover{border-color:#93543b;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-35.maxbutton.maxbutton-robotic-and-automation-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-35.maxbutton.maxbutton-robotic-and-automation-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-35.maxbutton.maxbutton-robotic-and-automation-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-35.maxbutton.maxbutton-robotic-and-automation-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-14.maxbutton.maxbutton-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:500px;height:28px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:15px 15px 15px 15px;background-color:#74d83e;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-14.maxbutton.maxbutton-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-14.maxbutton.maxbutton-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-notes .mb-text{color:#161616;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:8px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-14.maxbutton.maxbutton-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#2e352f;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-14.maxbutton.maxbutton-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-14.maxbutton.maxbutton-refrigeration-and-air-conditioning-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-60.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-sample-report-final-report-download{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:450px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#db57c3;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-60.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-sample-report-final-report-download:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-60.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-sample-report-final-report-download .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-60.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-sample-report-final-report-download:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-60.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-sample-report-final-report-download{width:90%}.maxbutton-60.maxbutton.maxbutton-project-sample-report-final-report-download .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-58.maxbutton.maxbutton-structural-analysis-and-design-3d-model-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:450px;height:26px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#e3e85c;box-shadow:0px 0px 1px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-58.maxbutton.maxbutton-structural-analysis-and-design-3d-model-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 1px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-58.maxbutton.maxbutton-structural-analysis-and-design-3d-model-projects .mb-text{color:#87048c;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-58.maxbutton.maxbutton-structural-analysis-and-design-3d-model-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-58.maxbutton.maxbutton-structural-analysis-and-design-3d-model-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-58.maxbutton.maxbutton-structural-analysis-and-design-3d-model-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-67.maxbutton.maxbutton-product-ideas-innovative-machine-ideas-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:450px;height:27px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:2px 2px 2px 2px;background-color:#505ac7;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-67.maxbutton.maxbutton-product-ideas-innovative-machine-ideas-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-67.maxbutton.maxbutton-product-ideas-innovative-machine-ideas-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-67.maxbutton.maxbutton-product-ideas-innovative-machine-ideas-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-67.maxbutton.maxbutton-product-ideas-innovative-machine-ideas-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-67.maxbutton.maxbutton-product-ideas-innovative-machine-ideas-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:25px 25px 25px 25px;background-color:#c1a026;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects .mb-text{color:#212121;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#42a58c;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-63.maxbutton.maxbutton-simple-easy-mechanical-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:250px;height:32px;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;background-color:#c95074;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-63.maxbutton.maxbutton-simple-easy-mechanical-projects:hover{background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-63.maxbutton.maxbutton-simple-easy-mechanical-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:5px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-63.maxbutton.maxbutton-simple-easy-mechanical-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-63.maxbutton.maxbutton-simple-easy-mechanical-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-63.maxbutton.maxbutton-simple-easy-mechanical-projects .mb-text{font-size:9px}}
.maxbutton-64.maxbutton.maxbutton-manually-hand-operated-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:250px;height:30px;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;background-color:#8fc44e;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-64.maxbutton.maxbutton-manually-hand-operated-projects:hover{background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-64.maxbutton.maxbutton-manually-hand-operated-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:3px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-64.maxbutton.maxbutton-manually-hand-operated-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-64.maxbutton.maxbutton-manually-hand-operated-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-64.maxbutton.maxbutton-manually-hand-operated-projects .mb-text{font-size:9px}}
.maxbutton-65.maxbutton.maxbutton-affordable-low-budget-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:250px;height:30px;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;background-color:#bf4cae;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-65.maxbutton.maxbutton-affordable-low-budget-projects:hover{background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-65.maxbutton.maxbutton-affordable-low-budget-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Arial;font-size:12px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:4px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-65.maxbutton.maxbutton-affordable-low-budget-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-65.maxbutton.maxbutton-affordable-low-budget-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-65.maxbutton.maxbutton-affordable-low-budget-projects .mb-text{font-size:9px}}
.maxbutton-38.maxbutton.maxbutton-cad-cam-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:28px;border:1px solid #505ac7;border-radius:25px 25px 25px 25px;background-color:#963ee8;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-38.maxbutton.maxbutton-cad-cam-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-38.maxbutton.maxbutton-cad-cam-projects .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-38.maxbutton.maxbutton-cad-cam-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-38.maxbutton.maxbutton-cad-cam-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-38.maxbutton.maxbutton-cad-cam-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
</style><!--/email_off--><!--/noptimize--> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_e1252650ea6bc63e5b6b533cf9f0380d.php?ver=1.4.1" id="income-school-js-js"></script> <!--noptimize--><script>!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();</script><!--/noptimize--><div style="display: none"></div></body></html>
<!--
Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/

Page Caching using Disk: Enhanced (Requested URI contains query) 

Served from: www.gunkrazy.com @ 2025-07-18 20:14:58 by W3 Total Cache
-->




