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Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Difference Between Gauge, Absolute, Gauge, Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.  Pressure
Pressure is the force exerted by a fluid per unit area.
Pressure, the measure of a force on a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-absolute-gauge-vacuum-pressure/" aria-label="View Post: Difference Between Gauge, Absolute, Gauge, Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Difference Between Gauge, Absolute, Gauge, Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-absolute-gauge-vacuum-pressure\/","articleBody":"What is Difference Between Gauge, Absolute, Gauge, Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.\r\n\r\nPressure\r\nPressure is the force exerted by a fluid per unit area.\r\nPressure, the measure of a force on a specified area, is a straightforward concept. However, depending on the application, there can be many different ways of interpreting pressure. Here are some guidelines \u00a0that can help identify \u00a0types and units of pressure measurement, while discussing when and why certain pressure measurements are used.\r\n\r\nPa= Force\/ area\u00a0\r\n\r\nPressure Force\r\n\r\nIn fluids, gases and liquids, we speak of pressure; in solids this is stress. For a fluid at rest, the pressure at a given point is the same in all directions.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe actual pressure at a given position is called the absolute pressure, and it is measured relative to absolute vacuum.\r\ngauge pressure = absolute pressure \u2010 atmospheric pressure\r\n\r\nAbsolute pressure\u00a0- The actual pressure at a given position is called the absolute pressure, and it is measured relative to absolute vacuum (i.e., absolute zero pressure).\u00a0\r\n\r\nPabs = Patm + Pgage\r\nGauge pressure\u00a0- Gage pressure is the pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure. In other words, how much above or below is the pressure with respect to the atmospheric pressure.\u00a0\r\n\r\nPgage = Pabs \u2212 Patm\r\nVacuum pressure\u00a0- Pressures below atmospheric pressure are called vacuum pressures and are measured by vacuum gages that indicate the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute pressure.\u00a0\r\n\r\nPvac = Patm \u2212 Pabs\r\nAtmospheric pressure\u00a0- The atmospheric pressure is the pressure that an area experiences due to the\u00a0force\u00a0exerted by the atmosphere.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDifference Between Gauge Absolute Gauge Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDetails\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe atmospheric pressure is the pressure that an area experiences due to the force exerted by the atmosphere. For engineering calculations typically the pressure used is the pressure at sea level. Typically, the quantity used for engineering calculations is 1 atm, or 101 kPa. Gage pressure is the pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure. In other words, how much above or below is the pressure with respect to the atmospheric pressure. Absolute pressure is the sum of the atmospheric pressure and the gage pressure. If the gage pressure has a positive value, the absolute pressure will be greater than the atmospheric pressure. If the gage pressure has a negative value, the absolute pressure will be less than the atmospheric pressure. Absolute pressure can be abbreviated by Pabs, or just P.\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe actual pressure at a given position is called the absolute pressure, and it is measured relative to absolute vacuum (i.e., absolute zero pressure). Most pressure-measuring devices, however, are calibrated to read zero in the atmosphere, and so they indicate the difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure. This difference is called the gage pressure. Pressures below atmospheric pressure are called vacuum pressures and are measured by vacuum gages that indicate the difference between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute pressure.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nWhen measuring pressure, several units \u00a0are commonly used. Most of these units of measurement can be used with the international system of units, such as kilo, Mega, etc. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThese units are defined as follows:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPSI (pounds per square inch):This is the unit of measure for one pound of force applied to one square inch of area. PSI is a typical unit of pressure in the United States.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBAR: One bar equals the atmospheric pressure on the Earth at sea level. The BAR unit was created in Europe and is still commonly used there.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPA (Pascal): One Pascal equals one Newton of pressure per square meter.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nInHg (inches of mercury):This is the pressure exerted by a one inch circular column of mercury, one inch tall, at gravity and 0\u00b0C (32\u00b0F). InHg are typically used barometric pressure.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTorr:This is the pressure exerted by a one millimeter tall circle column of mercury. It was also knows a millimeter of mercury (mmHG). It is equal to 1\/760 atmospheres.","headline":"Difference Between Gauge, Absolute, Gauge, Vacuum and Atmospheric Pressure.","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-05-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/DifferenceBetweenGauge2CAbsolute2CGauge2CVacuumandAtmosphericPressure.-300x228.png","height":228,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-coconut-tree-sprayer/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/FABRICATIONOFCOCONUTTREESPRAYER-300x195.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-coconut-tree-sprayer/">FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER   Abstract
Nowadays, the growth of coconut tree is highly affected by the harmful insects. These insects attacks on outer layer of the coconut and infects the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fabrication-of-coconut-tree-sprayer/" aria-label="View Post: FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/fabrication-of-coconut-tree-sprayer\/","articleBody":"FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER\u00a0\r\n\r\nAbstract\r\nNowadays, the growth of coconut tree is highly affected by the harmful insects. These insects attacks on outer layer of the coconut and infects the coconut. To solve this problem, many effective methods are implemented. In this project, we are using the spraying nozzle for spraying the insecticides on the coconuts. A spray nozzle is a spraying equipment that facilitates the formation of spray.\r\n\r\nWhen a liquid is dispersed as a stream of droplets, it is referred as spray. Here, we are using the spray nozzle to achieve two primary functions:\r\n\r\n1) It should spread a liquid over an area.\r\n\r\n2) It should increase the liquid surface area to increase the evaporation.\r\n\r\nThe spray nozzle uses the liquid pressure as the energy source to break the liquid into droplets. By using spray nozzle, we can spray and distribute the insecticides, pesticides and water efficiently in the fields. This sprayer consumes less energy than a gas atomized or twin-fluid spray nozzle. As the pressure increases the liquid flow increases and the drop size decreases. But this leads to problems in achieving a certain flow rate at a given pressure and in selecting a specific droplet size. A special nozzle is developed to solve this problem. In certain applications, this nozzle can reduce the need of expensive compressed air. It creates a better and optimum control on the liquid spray. By using this nozzle, we can vary the liquid flow rate at a particular droplet size and pressure. Sprayers range in size from man-portable units. In agriculture field, a sprayer is called as a equipment that applies herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers to the agricultural crops. It is easy to use and works efficiently.\r\n\r\n\r\nMACHINE COMPONENTS\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe fabrication of coconut tree sprayer consists of the following components to full fill the requirements of complete operation of the machine.\r\n\u00a0\r\n1. Hand operated vehicle\r\n2. Pump\u00a0\r\n3. Link\r\n4. Bearing block\r\n\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\nThis project is constructed with the above mentioned parts. In a hand operated vehicle a water tank is fixed on the given area as shown in the figure. Above this tank a pump is placed for the purpose of pumping water from the tank. This pumping operation is done by the linkage with cam arrangement. A rod is connected to the cam arrangement. The other end of the rod is connected to the slider which is connected to the pump lever. This cam arrangement is fixed to the driven sprocket of the chain drive. The driving sprocket is connected to the wheel shaft of the vehicle. This cam is actuated with the help of the chain drive. When the vehicle moves the wheel starts to rotate and the chain drive also functions. By the above process the cam is actuated and this leads to the slider\u2019s reciprocating motion. Due to this operation the pump lever starts to actuate and hence the water is pumped and stays in the outlet tube. When the spray nozzle is pressed the stored water is sprayed out with high pressure. Thus the water or pesticide is sprayed wherever required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tVery low cost\r\n \tNo need of power supply\r\n \tEasy in construction\r\n \tCan be operated easily\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDisadvantages:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tThe water should be filled manually all the time\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nSimple , Easy mechanical projectsManually Hand Operated projectsAffordable low budget ProjectsMini low cost Projects\r\nAgricultural Project List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )","headline":"FABRICATION OF COCONUT TREE SPRAYER","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-05-27","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/FABRICATIONOFCOCONUTTREESPRAYER-300x195.jpg","height":195,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-single-plate-and-multi-plate-clutch/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/clutchsingle-and-multi-plate-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Single Plate Clutch &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-single-plate-and-multi-plate-clutch/">Single Plate Clutch &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Introduction to Single Plate Clutch : 
Clutch lies in between the flywheel the gearbox, allows the engine power to be disconnected from the transmission to free it from the torque (turning effort)...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/working-of-single-plate-and-multi-plate-clutch/" aria-label="View Post: Single Plate Clutch &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Single Plate Clutch &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/working-of-single-plate-and-multi-plate-clutch\/","articleBody":"Introduction to Single Plate Clutch :\u00a0\r\nClutch lies in between the flywheel the gearbox, allows the engine power to be disconnected from the transmission to free it from the torque (turning effort) when gears are engaged or changed.\r\nSingle plate Clutch is the most common type of clutch used in motor vehicles. It consists of only one clutch plate, mounted on the splines of the clutch shaft. \r\nThe flywheel is mounted on the engine crankshaft and rotates with it. The pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel through clutch springs and is free to slide on the clutch shaft when the clutch pedal is operated.\r\nWhen the clutch is engaged the clutch plate is gripped between the flywheel and the pressure plate. The friction linings are on both sides of the clutch plate.\r\nDue to the friction between the flywheel, clutch plate and pressure plate, the clutch plate revolves with the flywheel. As the clutch plate revolves, the clutch shaft also revolves.\r\nFunctions of clutch:\r\ni) A clutch is a device used to transmit the rotary motion of one shaft to the other shaft when desired.ii) A clutch is a device used for engaging and disengaging the engine crankshaft instantaneouslywhen desired by the driver.iii) A clutch is a device used to deliver power to machines partially or fully loaded.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nClutch Parts :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIn general, a Clutch consists of three members, and those are:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDriving Members\r\nDriven Members\r\nOperating Members\r\n\r\nsingle plate clutch diagram\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDriving members:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIt is consists of a flywheel mounted on the engine crankshaft. The flywheel is bolted to a cover that carries a pressure plate or driving disc, pressure springs, and release levers. Thus the entire assembly of the flywheel and the cover rotate all the time. The clutch housing and the cover provided with openings dissipate the heat generated by the friction during the clutch operation.\u00a0\r\n(i) Flywheel:\r\nThe flywheel is the mounting surface for the clutch. The flywheel rotates as the engine crankshaft rotates. The friction or pressure plate bolts to the flywheel face. The clutch disc is clamped and held against the flywheel by the spring action of the pressure plate. The face of the flywheel is precision machined to a smooth surface. The face of the flywheel that touches the clutch disc is made of iron. Even if the flywheel were aluminum, the face is iron because it wears well and dissipates heat better. A pilot bearing or bush bearing supports the spigot end of the clutch shaft which is also housed in the flywheel. It is also the second driving member.\r\n(ii) Pilot Bearing:\r\nThe pilot bearing or bushing is pressed into the end of the crankshaft to support the end of the transmission input shaft. The pilot bearing is a solid bronze bushing, but it also may be a roller or ball bearing. The end of the transmission input shaft has a small journal machined on its end. This journal slides inside the pilot bearing. The pilot bearing prevents thetransmission shaft and clutch disc from wobbling up and down when the clutch is released. It also assists the input shaft center of the disc on the flywheel.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDriven members:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIt is consists of a disc or plate, called the clutch plate. It is free to slide lengthwise on the splines of the clutch shaft. It carries friction materials on both of its surfaces. When it gripes between the flywheel and the pressure plate, it rotates the clutch shaft through the splines.\r\n Pressure clutch plate :\r\nConstructional details\r\nclutch plate\r\nIt consists of a steel plate with a splined central hub. Annular friction facing is attached to the steel plates by rivets. Special resins are also used to bind the friction facing. The curved cushioning spring segments are attached rigidly to the center plate and friction facings are riveted to these springs. Centre hub-assembly consists of a splined hub with radially placed slots in the flange of the hub. There are similar types of slots in each of the two plates situated on either side of the hub flange.\r\nDifferent materials used for clutch lining:\r\nMaterial:-1. Leather2. Cork3. Fabric4. Asbestos5. Reybestos and Ferodo6. Non- asbestos clutch lining material\r\nNecessity:-1. It should have a good anti-fading characteristic2. It should have a longer life.3. It should be nonpolluting.4. It should have a lesser cost\r\nState the location and function of Torsion damper spring and pressure spring in a single plate dry disc clutch.\r\nTorsion damper spring:\r\n\r\nLocation: They are small coil springs located between the clutch disc splined hub and the friction disc assembly.\r\nFunction: These springs provide a flexible torsional connection between the center hub flange and side plates which are riveted to the main clutch plate.\r\n\r\nPressure Spring:\r\n\r\nLocation: These are helical springs located between the clutch cover and pressure plate in the clutch assembly.\r\nFunction: When your foot is off the pedal, the springs push the pressure plate against the clutch disc, which in turn presses against the flywheel. This locks the engine to the transmission input shaft, causing them to spin at the same speed.\r\n\r\n(v) Clutch cover assembly:\r\nThe clutch cover assembly is bolted to the flywheel. It consists of a pressure plate, release lever mechanism clutch cover, and pressure springs. The figure shows the view of the clutch cover assembly. In general, the clutch plate revolves with the flywheel. But when the clutch is disengaged, the flywheel, as well as the pressure plates, will be forced to rotate independently from the driven plate and driving shaft. The release mechanism is used to release the clutch. The pressure plate is backed by a number of coil springs and housed with them in a pressed-steel cover bolted to the flywheel. The springs push the pressure plate against the cover.\r\nClutch plate Assembly\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOperating members:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIt is consists of a foot pedal, linkage, release or throw-out bearing, release levers, and the springs necessary to ensure the proper operating of the clutch.\u00a0\r\n(vi) Release mechanism:\r\nThe clutch levers are pivoted on pins in the clutch cover. Their outer ends are located and positioned on pressure plate legs and inner ends are projecting towards the clutch shaft. A careful and accurate adjustment of the release mechanism is one of the most important factors of governing the performance of a clutch assembly.\r\n(vii) Withdrawal force and rearing:\r\nThe withdrawal force carrying the bearings is pivoted on a ball-mounted fulcrum in the clutch outer casing. The bearing is generally facing the inner end of the toggle lever. The other end of the force is connected to the clutch pedal by means of rods and levers.\r\n(viii) Primary or clutch shaft:\r\nThe clutch plate is assembled on a splined shaft that carries the rotary motion to the transmission. This shaft is called the clutch shaft, or transmission input shaft. It is also known as the driving shaft of a gearbox. One end of the clutch shaft is attached to the crankshaft or flywheel and the other end is, connected to the gearbox or forms a part of the gearbox.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTypes of Single Plate Clutch:\r\n\r\nCoil Spring Type Single Plate Clutch\r\nDiaphragm Spring Type Single Plate Clutch\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSingle plate Clutch Working:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nA single disc or plate clutch as shown in figure, consist of a clutch plate whose both sides are faced with the friction material (usually ferrodo). It is mounted on the hub which is free to move axially along the splines of the driven shaft. The pressure plate is mounted inside the clutch body which is bolted to the flywheel. Both the pressure plate and the flywheel rotate with the engine crankshaft or the driving shaft. The pressure plate pushes the clutch plate towards the flywheel by a set of strong spring which are arranged radially inside the body. The three levers (also known as release levers or fingers) are carried on the pivots suspended from the case of the body. These are arranged in such a manner so that the pressure plate moves away from the flywheel by the inward movement of a thrust bearing. The bearing is mounted upon the forked shaft and moves forward when the clutch pedal is pressed.\r\nDisengaging the clutch:\r\nWhen the clutch pedal is pressed down, it\u2019s linkage forces the thrust bearing to move towards the flywheels and pressing the pressure plate away from the flywheel thereby the compression springs are compressed. This action removes the pressure from the clutch plate and the driving shaft comes to a stationary position.\r\nEngaging the clutch:\r\nOn the other hand, when the foot is taken off from the clutch pedal, the thrust bearing moves back by levers this action allows the springs to extend, and thus the pressure plate pushes the clutch plate back towards the flywheel. The clutch isengaged and power is transmitted from engine to gearbox.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSingle plate Clutch Working\r\n\r\n\r\nSingle Plate Clutch animation :\r\n\r\nDifference Between Single Plate Clutch and Multi-Plate Clutch :\u00a0\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr. no.Single Plate clutchMulti-plate clutch\n\n\n\n\n\t1.It consists of only one clutch plate.It consists of two or more number of clutch plates.\n\n\n\t2.The number of pairs of friction surfaces in contact are two.The number of pairs of friction surfaces in contact are more than two.\n\n\n\t3.It does not ensure smooth engagement.It ensures a smooth and gradual engagement.\n\n\n\t4.It requires more space.It requires less space.\n\n\n\t5.For the same power transmission, larger in size.For the same power transmission, smaller in size.\n\n\n\t6.For the same size, torque transmission capacity is less.For same size, torque transmission capacity is\nmore.\n\n\n\t7.Frictional power loss is less.Since it has number of friction plates instead of single, frictional power loss is more.\n\n\n\t8.Application- Trucks, Jeeps, cars etc.Application- Two-wheelers, racing cars, some heavy-duty trucks.\n\n\n\n\r\nAdvantages of Single Plate Clutch :\r\nSingle plate clutch advantages are as follows :\u00a0\r\n\r\nSingle plate clutch is smooth in operation i.e engagement and disengagement of clutch is smooth.\r\nVery less slip occurs in its operation. Slip only occurs during the engagement of clutch and after that no slipping occurs and functioning becomes very smooth.\r\nVery less heat is generated as only one clutch plate is used.\r\nThe operation in this type of clutch is very fast.\r\nIt makes easy to change gears than a cone type.\r\nIt is reliable than a cone clutch.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of Single Plate Clutch :\r\nSingle plate clutch disadvantages are as follows :\u00a0\r\n\r\nIt requires more force to release.\r\nThe space required to accommodate the clutch is more as compared to the multi-plate clutch.\r\nThe capacity of torque transmission is less.\r\nThe size of this clutch is big even for less torque transmission.\r\nChance of tear wear is high in single plate clutches.\r\n\r\nApplications Of Single Plate Clutch :\u00a0\r\nSingle plate clutch applications are as follows :\r\n\r\nSingle plate clutches are used in Buses, Trucks, and cars, etc. ( Ashok Leyland. , Flat - 1100, \u00a0Truck )\r\nSingle plate clutches used where large radial space is available.\r\nAs sufficient surface area is available for the heat dissipation in Single plate clutches, no cooling oil is required. Therefore, single plate clutches are dry type.\r\n\r\n\r\nRead More\u00a0\r\n\r\nClutch and Brake Design | Interview Question and Answers\r\nAutomobile Clutch- Clutch Types, Principle, Types Of Clutches\r\nMulti-Plate Clutch: Construction, Types and Working Principle\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nTechnical Mechanical Interview Question and Answers\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Single Plate Clutch &#8211; Parts, Diagram, Working, Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-05-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 16, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/clutchsingle-and-multi-plate-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/strength-of-material-som-notes-free-pdf/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/strengthofmaterial-300x232.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/strength-of-material-som-notes-free-pdf/">Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download 
Strength Of material Notes by Prof. M. S. Sivakumar,  Indian Institute of Technology Madras.  This notes are best for strength of material...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/strength-of-material-som-notes-free-pdf/" aria-label="View Post: Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/strength-of-material-som-notes-free-pdf\/","articleBody":"Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download\u00a0\r\nStrength Of material Notes by\u00a0Prof. M. S. Sivakumar,\u00a0 Indian Institute of Technology Madras.\r\n\r\nThis notes are best for strength of material subject.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nstrength of material\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nContents:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIntroduction\r\n \tFree body diagram - Revisited\r\n \tNormal, shear and bearing stress\r\n \tStress on inclined planes under axial loading\r\n \tStrain\r\n \tMechanical properties of materials\r\n \tTrue stress and true strain\r\n \tPoissons ratio\r\n \tElasticity and Plasticity\r\n \tCreep and fatigue\r\n \tDeformation in axially loaded members\r\n \tStatically indeterminate problems\r\n \tThermal effect\r\n \tDesign considerations\r\n \tStrain energy\r\n \tImpact loading\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tStress at a point\r\n \tStress Tensor\r\n \tEquations of Equilibrium\r\n \tDifferent states of stress\r\n \tTransformation of plane stress\r\n \tPrincipal stresses and maximum shear stress\r\n \tMohr's circle for plane stress\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nTorsion Notes:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIntroduction\r\n \tBasic Assumptions\u00a0\r\n \tTorsion\u00a0\r\n \tFormula\u00a0\r\n \tStresses on Inclined Planes\u00a0\r\n \tAngle of twist\r\n \tAngle of Twist in Torsion Maximum Stress\u00a0\r\n \tTorsion of Circular Elastic Bars\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tFailure of torsional bars.\r\n \tDesign of torsional members\r\n \tStress concentration\r\n \tEnergy\r\n \tInelastic torsional bars\r\n \tNon-circular cross section\r\n \tThin walled members\r\n \tNumerical solutions\r\n\r\n\r\nProblem Related To Bending\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tProblem 1: Computation of Reactions\r\n \tProblem 2: Computation of Reactions\r\n \tProblem 3: Computation of Reactions\r\n \tProblem 4: Computation of forces and moments\r\n \tProblem 5: Bending Moment and Shear force\r\n \tProblem 6: Bending Moment Diagram\r\n \tProblem 7: Bending Moment and Shear force\r\n \t\u00a0Problem 8: Bending Moment and Shear force\r\n \tProblem 9: Bending Moment and Shear force\r\n \tProblem 10: Bending Moment and Shear force\r\n \tProblem 11: Beams of Composite Cross Section\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDeflection of Beams\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIntroduction\r\n \tDeflection of Beams (Solution Method by Direct Integration)\r\n \tMoment - Area Method for finding Beam Deflections\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tProblem 1: Derivation of Shear stress in rectangular crosssection\r\n \tProblem 2: Computation of Shear stresses\r\n \tProblem 3: Computation of Shear stresses\r\n \tProblem 4: Computation of Shear stresses\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload:\r\n\r\n\r\nStrength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free PDF Download\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nStrength of material- Notes , articles , Interview Que. &amp; Ans\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"Strength Of Material (SOM) Notes Free Pdf Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-05-24","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/strengthofmaterial-300x232.png","height":232,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/function-of-flexible-shaft-coupling/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/FLEXIBLECOUPLING-300x156.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/function-of-flexible-shaft-coupling/">Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling  WHAT IS COUPLING:
A coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. Couplings...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/function-of-flexible-shaft-coupling/" aria-label="View Post: Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/function-of-flexible-shaft-coupling\/","articleBody":"Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling\r\n\r\nWHAT IS COUPLING:\r\nA coupling is a device used to connect two shafts together at their ends for the purpose of transmitting power. Couplings do not normally allow disconnection of shafts during operation, however there are torque limiting couplings which can slip or disconnect when some torque limit is exceeded.\r\n\r\nUSE OF COUPLING:\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0The primary purpose of couplings is to join two pieces of rotating equipment while permitting some degree of misalignment or end movement or both. By careful selection, installation and maintenance of couplings, substantial savings can be made in reduced maintenance costs and downtime.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFLEXIBLE COUPLING:\r\n\r\nFlexible couplings are used to transmit torque from one shaft to another when the two shafts are slightly misaligned. Flexible couplings can accommodate varying degrees of misalignment up to 3\u00b0 and some parallel misalignment. In addition, they can also be used for vibration damping or noise reduction.\r\n\r\n\r\nFLEXIBLE COUPLING\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe aim of the flexible coupling is to transfer motion between two shafts on the same axis whilst accounting for possible misalignment.\u00a0\r\nFUNCTIONS OF FLEXIBLE COUPLING:\r\nThe two basic functions of flexible coupling are,\r\n\r\n\r\n \tTo transmit power.\r\n \tTo accommodate misalignment.\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a01. ) TRANSMIT POWER\r\nCouplings are used primarily transfer mechanical power from one machine to another so that useful work can be done. To the coupling, the power is in the form of mechanical torque at operating speed, or work per unit of time, so the coupling is being \u201ctwisted\u201d as it is spin at some high rpm. Torque is transferred into and out of the coupling at the equipment connection, usually by shaft fits or flange fits.\r\n\r\n\u00a02.) MISALIGNMENT:\r\nThere are three types of misalignment and which the coupling must accommodate: angular, offset and axial. This is commonly caused by thermal growth of the machine casing and rotors as they change between ambient and operating temperatures.\r\nAngular misalignment is produced when the centre lines of the two equipment shafts the coupling connects are not parallel and they intersect at an angle. Offset misalignment commonly called parallel offset, is when the two shaft centerlines are parallel and they do not intersect, they are offset by some distance. Axial misalignment is caused by changes in the axial position of the shafts which moves the close to each other or further apart. \u00a0\r\n\r\nTypes of \u00a0 Flexible Coupling:\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe different types of flexible couplings are,\r\n\r\n\r\n \tFlanged Pin Bush Couplings\r\n \tBibbly Coupling\r\n \tGear Tooth Coupling\r\n \tTyre couplings\r\n \tElastomeric Couplings \u2013 This consists of jaw type and S-flex couplings.\r\n \tOldham\u2019s Coupling\r\n \tUniversal Coupling or Hooke\u2019s Coupling\r\n \tBellows Coupling.\r\n\r\nOldham\u2019s Coupling\r\n\r\n\r\nFlexible coupling are categorized as one of four types. They are\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n \tMechanically flexible\r\n \tElastomeric\r\n \tFlexible element\r\n \tMiscellaneous\r\n\r\n\r\nThe general operating principles of the four basic categories of couplings are as follows:\r\n\r\nMechanically flexible couplings: in general, these couplings obtain their flexibility from loose fitting parts and \/or rolling or sliding of mating parts.\r\n\r\nElastomeric couplings: In general, these couplings obtain their flexibility from stretching or compressing a resilient material. Some sliding or rolling may takes place, but it is usually minimal.\r\n\r\nFlexible element couplings: In general, the flexibility of these coupling is obtained from the flexing of thin discs or diaphragms.\r\n\r\nMiscellaneous couplings: These couplings obtain their flexibility from a combination of the mechanisms described above or through a unique mechanism.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMachine Design Notes , article , Interview Que. and Ans.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles","headline":"Function Of Flexible Shaft Coupling | Types Of Coupling","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-05-19","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/FLEXIBLECOUPLING-300x156.jpg","height":156,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/tilting-angle-vice-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/designandfabricationofTiltingVice-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/tilting-angle-vice-mechanical-project/">Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice
A vise is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/tilting-angle-vice-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/tilting-angle-vice-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice\r\nA vise is a mechanical apparatus used to secure an object to allow work to be performed on it. Vises have two parallel jaws, one fixed and the other movable, threaded in and out by a screw and lever.\r\nAn engineer's vise is bolted onto the top surface of a workbench, with the face of the fixed jaws just forward of its front edge. The vise may include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its body. Most engineer's vises have a swivel base. Some engineer's vises marketed as \"Homeowner Grade\" are not made of steel or cast iron, but of pot metal.\u00a0\r\n\r\nMachine vises are mounted on drill presses, grinding machines and milling machines. Abrasive chop saws have a special type of machine vise built in to the saw. Some hobbyists use a machine vise as a bench vise because of the low cost and small size.\r\nTypes Of Vices:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tHand vises\r\n \tcompound slide vises are more complex machine vises. They allow speed and precision in the placement of the work.\r\n \tCross vises, which can be adjusted using leadscrews in the X and Y axes; these are useful if many holes need to be drilled in the same workpiece using a drill press. Compare router table.\r\n \tOff-center vises\r\n \tAngle vises\r\n \tSine vises, which use gauge blocks to set up a highly accurate angle\r\n \tRotary vises\r\n \tDiemakers' vise\r\n \tSaw vices \u2013 used for sharpening hand saws\r\n\r\nWhat Is Angle Or Tilting Vice?\r\n\r\n\u00a0An angle vice, also known as a tilting vice, is a machine vice that can tilt to set a clamped workpiece up at an angle for machining.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ndesign and fabrication of Tilting Vice\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nIts key feature is that the main body of the vice can be adjusted up to a 90 degree angle, while the base remains stationary on the machine's table. This tilt allows the user to place the workpiece in the most convenient position for tasks including drilling, reaming or milling.\u00a0\u00a0\r\nMain Components of tilting Vice:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tJaws: A machine vice usually has hardened jaws which allow it to withstand the large amount of force that comes with machining applications.\r\n \tScrew :The screw is the part that is in control of opening and closing the jaws of the vice.\u00a0\r\n \tHandle:\u00a0machine vice commonly has a small crank handle which allows the user to apply maximum clamping force when working, but without having to turn the handle excessively. This is because the crank handle provides extra leverage when rotating, meaning the screw can exert greater pressure onto the jaws but without any extra effort from the user.\r\n \tBase :\u00a0Machine vices are often manufactured with a flat bottom base design which fits firmly against the machine's table. This allows the vice to fit on the table in horizontal alignment with the drill bit.\u00a0\r\n \tSwivel arrangement : Spherical or Rolling pair \u00a0is needed to tilt both jaws in desired angle .Fixed jaw has provided the swiveling attachment to tilt it without any extra effort.\r\n \tLocking Pins: Once desired angle is achieved movable jaw is fixed with help of locking Pins.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nApplication Of Tilting Vice:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAs an angle vice can be used to hold a workpiece for a number of tasks, including drilling and milling, the vice can therefore be used in both drill press and milling machines.\u00a0\r\n \tThe tilting feature means the vice is ideal for creating angled or diagonal holes through an object when drilling. \u00a0\r\n \tIt is also useful for milling applications, such as making dovetail joints, as the vice can be set to any desired angle, up to 90 degrees.\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\nJig and Fixture (Work Holding) Projects\r\nSimple , Easy mechanical projectsManually Hand Operated projectsAffordable low budget Projects\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Design And Fabrication Of Tilting and Angle Vice","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2016-05-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/designandfabricationofTiltingVice-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=269">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=268"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>268</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=269"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>269</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>270</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=271"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>271</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=272"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>272</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=271">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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