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class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Frictionless Compressor Technology- Mechanical Seminar Topic
Abstract:-  A new compressor technology introduced in international Air-Conditioning, Heating, Refrigerating, Exposition...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Frictionless Compressor Technology- Mechanical Seminar Topic">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Frictionless Compressor Technology- Mechanical Seminar Topic","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-frictionless-compressor\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Frictionless Compressor Technology- Mechanical Seminar Topic\r\nAbstract:-\r\n\r\nA new compressor technology introduced in international Air-Conditioning, Heating, Refrigerating, Exposition (AHR \u00a0Expo).This technology is designed and optimized take full advantage of magnetic bearing technology,the compressor was awarded the first AHR \u00a0Expo innovation award in energy category.traditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings,both of which consume power and require oil and a lubrication system.By using this system we can prevent the lubrication of the bearings and the maintenance cost and pollution decreases.\r\n\r\nIntroduction:\r\n\r\nTraditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings, both of which consume power and require oil and lubrication system. This can be overcome by the introduction of new compressor technology called frictionless compressor technology.\r\n\r\nThe frictionless compressor technology is compressor with the application of magnetic bearings and permanent magnet synchronous motor. In frictionless compressor instead of roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings, magnetic bearings are used. Magnetic bearings consume less power and there is no need for oil and lubrication systems. Permanent magnet brushless synchronous motor has permanent magnet instead of copper windings.\r\n\r\nAfter 10 years of development, magnetic bearing compressors offer economic, energy, and environmental benefits. Chief among them are increased energy efficiency, the elimination of oil and oil management and considerable less weight, noise, and vibration. This is initial mid-range package offers centrifugal compression efficiencies previously reserved for large tonnage systems only. This compressor has high reliability, efficiency, less maintenance cost and staff. With the help of digital control system the controlling and monitoring of work is very easy. The frictionless compressor technology makes newrevolutions in the field of air conditioning, refrigeration etc. Frictionless Compressor Technology is one of the fast growing Technology in the engineering field.\r\n\r\nThe Frictionless compressor is also the world\u2019s first totally Oil-Free compressor specifically designed for the Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) industry. The variable-speed centrifugal compression and digital electronic technologies enables the frictionless compressors (nominal 60-150 ton capacity range) to achieve the highest compressor efficiencies, cost effectively, for middle-market, water-cooled, evaporative cooled and air-cooled HVACR applications. The well-proven energy performance advantages of variable-speed centrifugal Compressors are now brought to mainstream middle-market applications through the use of High-speed, two-stage centrifugal compression with integral variable-speed drive. Compressor speed is reduced as the condensing temperature and\/or heat load reduces, Optimizing energy performance through the entire operating range from 100% to 20% or below of rated capacity.\r\n\r\nOperations to near zero loads are achievable via an optional, digitally controlled, load balancing valve. Centrifugal compressors tend to be more efficient than screw or scroll Compressors, and take advantage of speed control more effectively, but they are usually only availablein larger sizes. By using the smaller shaft, they are able to take advantage of the centrifugal compressor technology in a smaller size than is normally available.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nfrictionless compressor\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat is frictionless compressor?\r\n\r\n \tThe frictionless compressor technology \u00a0is the compressor with which the application of the magnetic bearings &amp; permanent magnet synchronous motor.\r\n \tIn the frictionless compressor instead of the roller bearings &amp; hydrodynamic bearings, magnetic bearings will be use.\r\n \tMagnetic bearing technology is significantly different. A digitally controlled magnetic-bearing system, consisting of both permanent magnets and electro-magnets, replaces conventional lubricated bearings .\u00a0\r\n\r\nWorking\r\n\r\n \tWhen the magnetic bearings are energized, the motor and impellers, which are keyed directly to the magnetic shaft, levitate(Floating).\r\n \tPermanent-magnetic bearings do the primary work, while digitally controlled electromagnets provide the fine positioning.\r\n \tAs the levitated assembly moves from the center point, the electromagnets\u2019 intensity is adjusted to correct the position\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\n\r\n\r\nWelding projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nPneumatic or Air operated projects\r\nStructural analysis and Design 3d Model Projects\r\nWater Pump Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Seminar On Frictionless Compressor Technology- Mechanical Seminar Topic","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-09-23","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/frictionlesscompressor-300x216.jpg","height":216,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-grass-cutter/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/grasscuttermechanicalagricultureProject-300x263.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-grass-cutter/">Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application
Grass Cutter
In agricultural fields or in nursery or even in house hold growing grass is commonly found problem. Removal of the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-grass-cutter/" aria-label="View Post: Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-grass-cutter\/","articleBody":"Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application\r\nGrass Cutter\r\nIn agricultural fields or in nursery or even in house hold growing grass is commonly found problem. Removal of the grass is also a tedious job involving lot of human efforts. In the modern world as time for carrying out any thing has reduced drastically so as to be done the removal of grass involving use of a machine.\r\nThis machine can be called as grass cutter. Depending on its variants it can be termed differently like solar powered battery powered etc.\r\n\r\nIn its simple construction a very high speed motor is connected to an end of a holding rod that is hang with a shoulder and held with hand to the free end of this rod a battery pack is attached. Also a solar panel can be attached to charge the batteries there by making the grass cutter run with the help of solar energy.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nThe cutter used is actually a flexible wire that cuts the grass with high speed rotation. The high speed rotation of the blades along with the centrifugal force acted on it due to its minimal weight enable the flexible plastic wires cut the grass easily despite being not any hard and sharp material which is generally associated with any cutting blades.\r\n\r\n\r\nSee More Projects Related To Grass Cutting:\r\n1)\u00a0Design and Fabrication Of Agricultural Cutter Using 4 Bar Mechanism\r\n2) CROP HARVESTER IN AGRICULTURAL APPROACH PDF Report Download\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ngrass cutter\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Parts :\r\n\r\nThis project is constructed using an electrical motor, battery pack, cutting assembly, supporter rod, etc.\r\n\r\nWorking Of The Grass Cutter:\r\n\r\nMulti Agri Cutter is the new innovative and effective concept mainly used for agricultural field. It is simple in construction and the working process is very easy. And it is mostly used in the agricultural field for the cutting of crops, sugarcane, wooden pieces and etc..,\r\nThe below items are used in this equipment\r\n\r\n\r\nDesign And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u2022 Motor\r\n\r\n\u2022 Rotating Disc\r\n\r\n\u2022 Ram\r\n\r\n\u2022 Cutter\r\n\r\n\r\nIn our project we are using the multi agricultural cutter for cutting the crops, sugarcane, wooden materials and etc. It consists of simple manner and the used components are motor and rotating disc arrangement.\r\n\r\nHere the motor is working using with the help of electric power supply; on the motor shaft we have fixing the arrangement of rotating disc. The rotating disc arrangements are running like a cam.\r\n\r\nThe cutters are fixed on the top of the ram arrangements. When we switch ON the machine the motor start to rotate the cam arrangements which is shown in the figure. Here the rotary motion is converted in to the linear motion by using simple mechanisms.\r\n\r\nThe linear motion ram is connected to the cutters as shown in fig, so that the cutter moves upward and downward direction the cutting process is carrying out through this machine\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nApplications\u00a0\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThis project work is a very useful tool for agricultural land, nurseries, households etc\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n.&#x1f449;See Also:\u00a0Index Of\u00a0Mechanical New Projects , Innovations ,Ideas\u00a0&#x1f449;\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Design And Fabrication Of Grass Cutter For Agricultural Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-09-23","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/grasscuttermechanicalagricultureProject-300x263.jpg","height":263,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-pneumatic/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Pneumatic-Forging-Machine_clip_image002-300x265.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-pneumatic/">Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project
Introduction To Forging :
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-pneumatic/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-pneumatic\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project\r\nIntroduction To Forging :\r\nForging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often a power hammer) or a die. Forging is often classified according to the temperature at which it is performed:\r\n\r\ncold forging (a type of cold working),\u00a0\r\nhot forging (a type of hot working).\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\nThere are many different kinds of forging processes available, however they can be grouped into three main classes:\r\n\r\n \tDrawn out: length increases, cross-section decreases\r\n \tUpset: length decreases, cross-section increases\r\n \tSqueezed in closed compression dies: produces multidirectional flow\r\n \tCommon forging processes include: roll forging, swaging, cogging, open-die forging, impression-die forging, press forging, automatic hot forging and upsetting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPower Hammers : (Pneumatic Forging Machine)\r\nPower hammers\u00a0are mechanical\u00a0forging\u00a0hammers that use a non-muscular power source to Operate the hammer.\r\n\r\nPower hammers are generally categorized by their power source.\r\n\r\nSteam\r\nSteam hammers use steam to drive the hammer. The workpieces were sometimes so large it required an overhead crane and several men to position the piece in the hammer, and a man to operate the machine.\r\nMechanical\r\nThese hammers tended to be smaller and were operated by a single man both holding the workpiece and operating the machine.\r\nAir\r\nAir-power hammers use pneumatics to drive the hammer.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nComponents Of Forging Machine\r\nA typical power hammer consists of a frame, an anvil, and a reciprocating ram holding a hammer head or die. The workpiece is placed on the lower anvil or die and the head or upper die strikes the workpiece.\r\n\r\nPneumatic Forging Machine\r\nAbstract\r\n\r\nHere we have fabricated the pneumatic forging machine; it's a new innovative concept. Forging is the term for shaping metal by using localized compressive forces. Cold forging is done at room temperature or near room temperature. Hot forging is done at a high temperature, which makes metal easier to shape and less likely to fracture . Warm forging is done at intermediate temperature between room temperature and hot forging temperatures . This machine has been mainly developed for metal forming to the required shape and size. In this machine we have using the pneumatic cylinder for forging the specimen. Pneumatic is air operated device. By doing the manual process it consumes more time and large amount of man power required for forging. By using this machine we can save the time and man power requirement in the industries.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPneumatic Forging Machine\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHere we have fixed the pneumatic cylinder on the column of the machine which is fixed on the base table. The forging hammers are fixed at the end of the pneumatic cylinder piston rod. The pneumatic cylinder is operated through the pneumatic energy (air). The air stored in a compressor the compressed air is passed to the pneumatic cylinder with the help of the solenoid valve. The solenoid valves are operated through the control unit. The air enters on port one in the pneumatic cylinder to moves the forging hammer in downward direction. After the forging operation takes places the forging hammer will moves in upward direction. While on the hammer moves in upward direction the port one will release and the air will be forced into the port number two. The two directions are controlled by control unit. During the movement the forging hammer forged the specimen to make it to the required shape and size. After the required number of strokes completed the forging process is stopped by the help of the control unit.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nHydraulic and Pneumatic Projects List - Abstract , Report Download\r\nSheet Metal Fabrication Projects\r\nWind Energy projects list , abstract\r\nPneumatic or Air operated projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )","headline":"Design and Fabrication Of Pneumatic Forging Machine-Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-09-23","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Pneumatic-Forging-Machine_clip_image002-300x265.jpg","height":265,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/compressed-air-production-using-vehicle/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Compressed-Air-Production-Using-Vehicle-Suspension-300x166.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/compressed-air-production-using-vehicle/">Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project
Abstract
In this project we are collecting air cylinder and store this energy to the compressor tank as non-conventional method...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/compressed-air-production-using-vehicle/" aria-label="View Post: Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/compressed-air-production-using-vehicle\/","articleBody":"Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project\r\nAbstract\r\nIn this project we are collecting air cylinder and store this energy to the compressor tank as non-conventional method by simply driving the vehicle. Non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. Compressed air production using vehicle suspensor needs no fuel input power to produce the output of the air.\r\nFor this project the conversion of the force energy in to air. The control mechanism carries the air cylinder (vehicle suspensor), quick exhaust valve, Non-return valve and spring arrangement. We have discussed the various applications and further extension also. The initial cost of this arrangement is high.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION:\r\n\r\nMan has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago. Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating plants or animals, which he hunted. Subsequently he discovered fire and his energy needs increased as he started.\r\n\r\nTo make use of wood and other bio mass to supply the energy needs for cooking as well as for keeping himself warm. With the passage of time, man started to cultivate land for agriculture. With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels.\r\n\r\nTill this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of energy.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCompressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING OPERATION:\r\n\r\n\u2022 The important components of our project are,\r\n\r\n\u2022 Pneumatic single acting cylinder\r\n\r\n\u2022 Quick exhaust valve\r\n\r\n\u2022 Air tank\r\n\r\n\u2022 Gate valve\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe complete diagram of the compressed air production using vehicle suspensor is given below. The pushing power is converted into compressed. Air energy by proper driving arrangement. The pneumatic single acting Cylinder is used for this project. The spring arrangement is fixed at the outside of the pneumatic cylinder. The spring is used to return the inclined L-angle window in same position by releasing the load. The output air from the pneumatic cylinder is collected through quick exhaust valve and non-return valve and inside spring arrangement\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nDrilling Machine Projects\r\nWind Energy projects list , abstract\r\nBest Low Cost Mechanical Projects\r\nWater Pump Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension-Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-09-23","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Compressed-Air-Production-Using-Vehicle-Suspension-300x166.jpg","height":166,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-hybrid-cars-hybrid-electric/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hybridEnginecutsection-300x195.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Hybrid Cars /Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-hybrid-cars-hybrid-electric/">Seminar On Hybrid Cars /Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Hybrid Cars /Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download  ABSTRACT  Have you pulled your car up to the gas pump lately and been shocked by the high price of gasoline? As...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-hybrid-cars-hybrid-electric/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Hybrid Cars /Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Hybrid Cars \/Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-hybrid-cars-hybrid-electric\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Hybrid Cars \/Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download\r\n\r\nABSTRACT\r\n\r\nHave you pulled your car up to the gas pump lately and been shocked by the high price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past $20 or $30, maybe you thought about trading in that SUV for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you are worried that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect. Or maybe you just want to have the coolest car on the block. Currently, there is a solution for all this problems; it's the hybrid electric vehicle.\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe vehicle is lighter and roomier than a purely electric vehicle, because there is less need to carry as many heavy batteries. The internal combustion engine in hybrid-electric is much smaller and lighter and more efficient than the engine in a conventional vehicle. In fact, most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own hybrid versions. Hybrid electric vehicles are all around us. Most of the locomotives we see pulling trains are diesel-electric hybrids. Cities like Seattle have diesel-electric buses -- these can draw electric power from overhead wires or run on diesel when they are away from the wires. Giant mining trucks are often diesel-electric hybrids. Submarines are also hybrid vehicles -- some are nuclear-electric and some are diesel-electric. Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or indirectly provide propulsion power is a hybrid.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\nThe world started down a new road in 1997 when the first modern hybrid electric car, the Toyota Prius, was sold in Japan. Two years later, the United States saw its first sale of a hybrid, the Honda Insight. These two Vehicles, followed by the Honda Civic Hybrid, marked a radial change in the type of car being offered to the public: vehicles that bring some of the benefits of battery electric vehicles into the conventional gasoline powered cars and trucks we have been using for more than 100 years. In the coming years, hybrids can play a significant role in addressing several of the major problems faced by the United States and the whole world today: climate change, air pollution and oil dependence. Whether this new technology delivers on its promise hinges on the choices automakers, consumers and policymakers make over the coming years. Poor choices could result in hybrids that fall short even of what conventional technology could deliver on fuel economy, emission or both. If they designed well, these hybrids can equal or better the utility, comfort, performance and safety we\u2019ve come to expect, while saving us thousand of dollars at the gas pump.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHybrid Car Cutsection\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat is HEV?\r\n\r\n\r\n \tThe combination of an internal combustion engine(ICE) with one or more electric motor or generators and a battery pack\r\n \tCombines propulsion system with RESS and gets better fuel economy\r\n \tAn HEV uses less gasoline because the electric motor does some of the work\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Of Hybrid Cars\r\n\r\n\r\nWorking Of Hybrid Cars\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nOverview\r\n\r\n\r\n \tFull hybrids use a gasoline engine as the primary source of power and an electric motor provides additional power when needed\r\n \tIn addition, full hybrids can use the electric motor as the electric motor as the sole source of propulsion for low-speed, low-acceleration driving, such as in stop-and-go traffic or for breaking up.\r\n \tThis electric-only driving mode can further increase fuel efficiency under some driving conditions.\r\n\r\n\r\nStarting\r\n\r\n\r\n \tWhen a full hybrid vehicle is initially started, the battery typically powers all accessories\r\n \tThe \u00a0gasoline engine only starts if the battery needs to be charged or the accessories require more power than available from the battery\r\n \tThe battery stores energy generated from the gasoline engine or during regenerative braking from the electric motor. Since the battery powers the vehicle at low speeds, it is larger and holds much more energy than battery used to start conventional vehicles\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Low speed\r\n\r\n\r\n \tFor initial acceleration and low-speed driving, as well as reverse, the electric motor uses electricity from the battery to power the vehicle\r\n \tIf the battery needs to be recharged, the generator starts the engine and converts energy from the engine into electricity. \u00a0This is stored in the battery.\r\n\r\n\r\nCruising\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAt speeds above mid-range, both the engine and electric motor are used to propel the vehicle\r\n \tThe gasoline engine provides power to the drive-train directly and to the electric motor via the generator\r\n \tDuring heavy accelerating or when additional power is needed the gasoline engine and electric motor are both use to propel the vehicle\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a0Braking part\r\n\r\n\r\n \tRegenerative braking converts otherwise wasted energy from baking into electricity and stores it in battery\r\n \tIn regenerative braking, the electric motor is reversed so that, instead of using electricity to run the wheels, the rotating wheels turn the motor and create electricity. Using energy from the wheels turn the motor slows the vehicle down\r\n\r\n\r\nStopped\r\n\r\n\r\n \tWhen the vehicle is stopped, such as at a red light, the gasoline engine and electric motor shut off automatically so that energy is not wasted \u00a0idling\r\n \tAll other systems, including the electric air conditioning, continue to run\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nBattery:The battery stores energy generated from the gasoline engine or, during regenerative braking, from the electric motor. Since the battery powers the vehicle at low speeds, it is larger and holds much energy than batteries used to start conventional vehicles.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES OF HEV\r\n\r\n\r\n \tEnvironmental\r\n \tEnergy resilience\r\n \tEnergy efficiency\r\n \tCost of recharge\r\n \tStabilization of the grid\r\n \tUse less fuel\r\n \tLighter batteries\r\n \tValue Added Features\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES OF HEV\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \tHeating of electric vehicles\r\n \tReduced but not emission free\r\n \tMore expensive e than conventional vehicles\r\n \tHas a payback period in average use\r\n\r\n\u00a0List Of Latest Hybrid Vehicles:\r\n\r\nToyota \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Toyota Prius c hybrid\r\n\r\nToyota \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid\r\nToyota \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Toyota Yaris Hybrid\r\nToyota \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Toyota Camry Hybrid 2nd generation\r\nHonda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Acura ILX Hybrid\r\nToyota \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Lexus ES 300h\r\nBMW \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0BMW ActiveHybrid 5\r\nBMW \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 BMW ActiveHybrid 3\r\nFord \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ford Fusion Hybrid 2nd generation\r\nFord \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Ford C-Max Hybrid\r\nFord\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ford C-Max Energi plug-in hybrid\r\nVolvo \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid (diesel)\r\nVolkswagen \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Volkswagen Jetta Hybrid\r\nToyota \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Toyota Avalon Hybrid\r\nFord \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ford Fusion Energi plug-in hybrid\r\nMitsubishi \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV\r\nHonda \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid\r\nBMW \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BMW i3 REx\r\nFisker \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Fisker Surf\r\nGeneral Motors \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Cadillac ELR plug-in hybrid\r\nMcLaren \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0McLaren P1\r\nFerrari \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0LaFerrari\r\nBMW \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0BMW i8\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload:\r\nSeminar On Hybrid Cars \/Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download\r\nFile Size: 700 Kb\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nLatest seminar topic index - Report ,PPT Download\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )\r\nAutomobile Engineering Parts and System Notes , Article","headline":"Seminar On Hybrid Cars \/Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) Full Report PDF Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-09-23","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/hybridEnginecutsection-300x195.jpg","height":195,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cad-tut-4-do-this-initial-setting/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/unitsetting-255x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to CAD Tut 4. Do this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cad-tut-4-do-this-initial-setting/">CAD Tut 4. Do this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>CAD Tut 4. 
Do this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.  The following instructions will inform you on how to perform the proper set-up of your AutoCAD settings. This set-up is...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cad-tut-4-do-this-initial-setting/" aria-label="View Post: CAD Tut 4. Do this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"CAD Tut 4. Do this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/cad-tut-4-do-this-initial-setting\/","articleBody":"CAD Tut 4.\u00a0\r\nDo this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.\r\n\r\nThe following instructions will inform you on how to perform the proper set-up of your AutoCAD settings. This set-up is crucial in order for you to produce a drawing that makes sense and is visually attractive. Read each step carefully before performing the action required.\r\n1) Install and \u00a0Open AutoCAD (Any Version I am using AutoCAD 2012 )\r\n2) Change Workspace View as per your Need -Drafting and annotation , Autocad Classic\r\n\r\n3)\u00a0\r\n\r\n\r\n \tEnable Or Mange Toolbars . ADD Or Remove required toolbars. - Select the toolbars that you will use throughout your drawing. To do this, hover your mouse over an empty space at the top of your screen near the toolbars. Then right-click and select AutoCAD. A long list should show up, displaying various toolbars containing different commands. The most popular toolbars that are used for AutoCAD 2D drawings are the DRAW, MODIFY, and OBJECT PROPERTIES toolbars. Select these toolbars and they should pop-up on your screen.\r\n \tCheck Visual Interference Options like Ortho, Snap, Otrack\u00a0\r\n\r\n4) Go to modelspace. There are two views in AutoCAD: modelspace and paperspace. Your drawing should always be made in modelspace, and dimensions that are added later should be represented in paperspace. To switch between modelspace and paperspace, view the tabs located at the bottom of the screen. One tab is labeled \u2018modelspace\u2019 and the other tabs are labeled either as \u2018sheet\u2019 or \u2018layout\u2019. The \u2018sheet\u2019 or \u2018layout\u2019 tabs indicate paperspace.If you are in modelspace, the background of the screen should appear black. If you are in paperspace, the background should appear white.\r\n\r\n\r\n5)\u00a0Set your units. Engineers represent units in various ways: feet, meters, etc. To ensure accuracy and eliminate confusion, it is important that the drawing is set in the proper units. To set up your units, type \u2018UN\u2019 into your keyboard and then select the \u2018ENTER\u2019 key. A dialog box should pop-up on the screen allowing you to specify the unit type and precision for your units.\r\n\r\nGo ToFormat\/Units\/Following window will open then check units and change it.\r\n\r\n\r\nunit setting\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n6) \u00a0Set Limits : Limits indicate your drawing page . Your Drawing should be in Limits box because this will help while taking print out of the same drawing;\r\n\r\nGo To Format \/Drawing Limits \/\r\nSee Command Prompt\u00a0\r\nSpecify lower left corner or [ON\/OFF] :\r\nSpecify upper right corner : 700,500 (For Example)\u00a0\r\nEnter.\r\n\r\n\r\nNote- There is no change at sereen after limits command. The Zoom\/All option of Zoom command will zoom up to the limits of drawings.\r\n\r\n7) Check Coordinate System:\r\nCartesian or Rectangular coordinate system-\r\n\r\n\r\nThe rectangular coordinate system has two axes perpendicular to each other, the X-axis &amp; Y-axis. The distance of P from the Y-axis the x-coordinate and the distance from the X-axis is the Y-coordinate.\r\nExample- 4, 3.\r\n\r\nPolar coordinate system-\r\n\r\nThe Polar coordinate system has an angle system, where the direction of positive. X axis is taken as the 0 degree and the all angle are measured in the counterclockwise (Anticlockwise) direction.\r\nExample- 5\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u00a08) \u00a0After Finishing All This Just Type Command 're' or Z \/ All\r\n\r\nZoom-\u00a0 Zoom command is used to see the drawing with enlarge or reduce view. Various option are\r\n\r\navailable in Zoom command.\r\nCommand &gt;&gt; Zoom\r\nSpecify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or\r\n[All\/Center\/Dynamic\/Extents\/Previous\/Scale\/Window\/Object]\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAll \u2013 Zoom \/All, zoom up to the limits or entire drawing, if the drawing extends outside the limits.\r\n \tCentre - Zoom\/Centre expects the centre point of the zoom and magnification of zoom.\r\n \tDynamic - Zoom dynamic zoom up drawing according to the size of screen. A dynamic window is appearing to specify the area of drawing to zoom.\r\n\r\nOr Go To View Menu \/Zoom\/All\r\n\r\nTips:\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe following lists commonly used commands that are helpful in creating an AutoCAD drawing:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tCancel - cancels a command. \u2018ESC\u2019\r\n \tUndo - undoes your last command. \u2018CTRL\u2019 + \u2018Z\u2019\r\n \tErase - erases an object, line, or other item. E\u2019 + \u2018ENTER\u2019 key\r\n \tCircle - creates a circle with a specific radius. \u2018C\u2019 + \u2018ENTER\u2019 key --&gt; input radius length + \u2018ENTER\u2019 key\r\n \tLine - creates a line of a certain length. \u2018L\u2019 + \u2018ENTER\u2019 key --&gt; input length of line + \u2018ENTER\u2019 key\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nRobotic and automation projects List - Abstract , Report\r\nHydraulic Jack Projects\r\nTheoretical Project, Experimental Based projects\r\nProduct Ideas , Innovative Machine Ideas Projects\r\nNew Mechanical Projects 2020 ( All Projects Post Index List )","headline":"CAD Tut 4. Do this Initial Setting Before Starting any AutoCad Drawings.","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2015-09-22","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/unitsetting-255x300.jpg","height":300,"width":255},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=305">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=304"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>304</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=305"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>305</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>306</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=307"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>307</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=308"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>308</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=307">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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