往复式压缩机

压缩机简介：

我们的压缩机是work-absorbing设备ed for increasing the pressure of the fluid ( Air, oil, Refrigerant ) at the expense of work done on fluid. The compressors used for compressing air are called air compressors. Compressors are invariably used for all applications requiring high-pressure air. Some of the popular applications of compressors are, for driving pneumatic tools and air operated equipments, spray painting, compressed air engine, supercharging in internal combustion engines, material handling (for transfer of material), surface cleaning, refrigeration and air conditioning, chemical industry, etc. Compressors are supplied with low-pressure air (or any fluid) at inlet which comes out as high-pressure air (or any fluid) at the outlet. Work required for increasing pressure of air is available from the prime mover driving the compressor. Generally, electric motor, internal combustion engine or steam engine, turbine, etc. are used as prime movers.

往复式压缩机:

往复式压缩机是一种正置置机，它使用活塞压缩气体并在高压下输送。几乎每个工业设施都发现了各种压缩机。

往复式压缩机是工业植物空气系统最广泛使用的。这两种主要类型是单个表演和双重表演，两者都可以作为一个或两个阶段的压缩机使用。在动力冲程的一个方向上，单个作用缸在活塞的一侧进行压缩。在两个单独的压缩循环中，两阶段的压缩串联达到最终输出压力。
The double-acting compressor is configured to provide a compression stroke as the piston moves in either direction. This is accomplished by mounting a crosshead on the crank arm which is then connected to a double-acting piston by a piston rod. Distance pieces connect the cylinder to the crankcase. They are sealed to prevent the mixing of crankshaft lubricant with the air, but vented so as to prevent pressure built up.

压缩的气体类型包括以下内容：

• Air for compressed tool and instrument air systems
• 化学加工的氢，氧气等
• 精炼中的轻碳氢化合物分数
• Various gases for storage or transmission
• Other applications

单缸往复式压缩机

Piston compressors are available as single or double-acting, oil-lubricated or oil-free with different numbers of cylinders in different configurations. With the exception of really small compressors with vertical cylinders, the V configuration is the most common for small compressors. On double-acting, large compressors the L type with vertical low-pressure cylinder and horizontal high-pressure cylinder, offer immense benefits and is why this the most common design. The construction and working of a piston-type reciprocating compressor is very much similar to that of an internal combustion engine.

Parts Of Reciprocating Compressors :

活塞型压缩机由气缸，气缸盖和活塞环，入口和出口弹簧阀，连杆，曲柄曲轴和轴承组成。

往复式压缩机的工作

Compression is accomplished by the reciprocating movement of a piston within a cylinder. This motion alternately fills the cylinder and then compresses the air. A connecting rod transforms the rotary motion of the crankshaft into the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder. Depending on the application, the旋转的曲柄（或偏心）由合适的原动机（通常是电动机）以恒定速度驱动。单缸压缩机的示意图如图所示

入口中风： -

吸入或入口冲程始于顶部死亡中心的活塞（一个提供最小或清除量的位置）。在向下行程中，活塞运动降低了气缸内部压力以下的压力。然后，入口阀打开弹簧的压力，并使空气流入气缸。将空气吸入气缸中，直到活塞达到最大体积位置（底部死亡中心）。在此中风期间，排放阀保持关闭

出口中风：

在压缩过程中，中风朝相反的方向移动（底部死亡中心与顶部死亡中心），从而减少了空气的体积。当活塞开始向上移动时，入口阀被关闭，压力开始不断增加，直到圆柱体内部的压力高于连接到接收器的输送侧的压力。然后，在活塞的剩余向上运动向接收器的剩余向上运动期间，插座阀打开并输送空气。

多阶段往复式压缩机：

在单个压缩阶段，并非总是希望或可能达到所需的压力上升。在第一阶段的多阶段气体排放中，在中冷器中冷却至第一阶段的第一阶段的吸力温度。这被称为完美的中冷。

多阶段往复式压缩机的一部分：

Fig shows various parts of three-stage (V type) reciprocating air compressor with the receiver (air tank). The pressure switch is connected to the electric motor. When the desired pressure in the air tank is reached it stops the motor and hence the compressor. The safety valve opens when the pressure in the air tank exceeds the set safe pressure.

Advantages of multi staging:

1. Good volumetric efficiency as compression is done in more than one stage and hence compression ratio is controlled.
2.较低的排放温度，从而选择圆柱体及其组件的结构材料，并导致后续阶段的尺寸较小。
3.减少压缩工作，由于中冷的原因，压缩更接近等温（产生最低压缩工作）。这导致节省功率和较小的后续阶段。
4.限制压力差。这减少了框架中的多余应变。

The drain valve drains the condensate produced at the condenser and the receiver. Cylinders and intercoolers are either air-cooled (with fins) or water-cooled (with water jackets in the cylinder). The air-cooled compressor is used for low-pressure applications and water-cooled compressors are used for high
压力应用。

Range:最大压力和低递送体积（<10000 m3/h）的压力。对于超过30个bar多阶段压缩机的压力。多级压缩机可提供高达250-350栏的压力。

往复式压缩机的优势

1.活塞型压缩机的容量和压力范围很大
2.多阶段的气压非常高（250 bar）和空气量流速。
3.通过适当的气缸布置，可以通过多阶段压缩机进行更好的机械平衡。
4.与另一个压缩机相比，总体效率很高

往复压缩机的缺点

1.往复式活塞压缩机产生摇动机器的惯性力。因此，经常需要固定在固体基础上的刚性框架
2. Reciprocating piston machines deliver a pulsating flow of air. Properly sized pulsation damping chambers or receiver tanks are required.
3.它们适合在高压下少量空气。