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If you are an engineering student, whether it was mechanical, electrical, civil or any other, you just have to know that the engineering stream...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/best-laptops-for-mechanical-engineering-students-2019/" aria-label="View Post: Best Laptops For Mechanical Engineering Students 2019">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Best Laptops For Mechanical Engineering Students 2019","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/best-laptops-for-mechanical-engineering-students-2019\/","articleBody":"Best Laptops For Mechanical Engineering Students 2019\r\nIf you are an engineering student, whether it was mechanical, electrical, civil or any other, you just have to know that the engineering stream requires a lot of skills and uncompromising attention to the details. Are you looking for a power-packed laptop like a workstation? If yes, then you need to be careful to choose the right kind of laptop which deliver you a powerful performance like a workstation.\r\n\r\nIf you are a professional mechanical engineer or a student, you will use software like Autocad, SolidWorks, CATIA, ProE etc. Sometimes you will do multitasking with all these software and for that need powerful specs which deliver you a buttery smooth performance.\r\n\r\nYou might be thinking that what kind of configuration is good enough for a mechanical engineering students laptop? Ok so now we will clear your all this doubt by below important points.\r\nPowerful Processor\r\nThe processor is one of the most essential part for any of the laptop. If the processor of the laptop is faster then you will get a good performance. But if the processor of the laptop is slower then it will take a lot of time to load your applications or render your files.\r\n\r\nSo here we suggest you buy the latest generation i5 processor laptop if you don\u2019t have a high budget. But the budget is not a concern for you then go with the latest generation i7 processor laptop\r\nRAM\r\nRAM is another important part of the laptop, as it helps to handle all your heavy multitasking work with ease and for that need a good amount of RAM. If you are a newbie or have low budget then 8GB of RAM is ok for you. But here we recommend you go with at least 12GB or 16GB of RAM, if you will get more than that, its good option for you.\r\nGraphics Card\r\nThe software which you will use required normal graphics then its integrated graphics is enough for you. But if you will use the software which requires high-graphics then you need a laptop with a dedicated graphics card.\r\nStorage\r\nThe storage of the device depends upon your need but here we suggest you go with Solid State Drive than the normal HDD drive. It is because SSD is faster and costly than the HDD drive, which also improves the overall performance of the laptop. But the good news for you is that nowadays many laptops come with dual storage segments like small size of SSD with a bigger HDD storage.\r\n\r\nlenovo laptop\r\nBest Laptops For Mechanical Engineering Students \u2013 Top 10 Picks\r\n\r\n\r\nQuick Overview Of Mechanical Engineering Students Laptops\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nNo.\r\nModel Name\r\nProcessor\r\nRAM\r\nGraphics Card\r\nStorage\r\n\r\n\r\n1.\r\nDell G3579-7989BLK-PUS\r\nIntel Core i7-8750H\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB\r\n256GB SSD + 1TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n2.\r\nASUS ROG Strix GL503GE-ES73 Hero Edition\r\nIntel Core i7-8750H\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB\r\n128GB SSD + 1TB FireCuda Hybrid Drive\r\n\r\n\r\n3.\r\nLenovo Legion Y520\r\nIntel Core i7-7700HQ\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB\r\n256GB SSD + 2TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n4.\r\nDell G5587-7866BLK-PUS G5 15 5587\r\nIntel Core i7-8750H\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 Ti 4GB\r\n128GB SSD + 1TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n5.\r\nASUS VivoBook M580VD-EB76\r\nIntel Core i7-7700HQ\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 4GB\r\n256GB SSD + 1TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n6.\r\nAcer Predator Helios 300\r\nIntel Core i7-8750H\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 6GB\r\n256GB SSD + 1TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n7.\r\nASUS FX503VD-NH76\r\nIntel Core i7-7700HQ\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 4GB\r\n256GB SSD + 1TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n8.\r\nAcer Aspire E 15\r\nIntel Core i7-8550U\r\n8GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce MX150 2GB\r\n256GB SSD\r\n\r\n\r\n9.\r\nHP Pavilion 15\r\nIntel Core i7-8750H\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050Ti 4GB\r\n128GB SSD + 1TB HDD\r\n\r\n\r\n10.\r\nAcer Aspire 7\r\nIntel Core i7-8750H\r\n16GB\r\nNVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 6GB\r\n256GB SSD\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nReference and Read more\u00a0 :\u00a0 https:\/\/allbudgetlaptops.com\/best-laptops-for-mechanical-engineering-students\/","headline":"Best Laptops For Mechanical Engineering Students 2019","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/lenovo-laptop-300x157.jpg","height":157,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-2019-cut-off-gate-qualifying-cutoff-for-all-branches/">GATE 2019 Cut-Off, GATE Qualifying Cutoff For All Branches</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>GATE 2019 Cut-Off, GATE Qualifying Cutoff For All Branches
GATE 2019: The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras is all set to release the result and cut-off for the Graduate Aptitude Test in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-2019-cut-off-gate-qualifying-cutoff-for-all-branches/" aria-label="View Post: GATE 2019 Cut-Off, GATE Qualifying Cutoff For All Branches">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"GATE 2019 Cut-Off, GATE Qualifying Cutoff For All Branches","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/gate-2019-cut-off-gate-qualifying-cutoff-for-all-branches\/","articleBody":"GATE 2019 Cut-Off, GATE Qualifying Cutoff For All Branches\r\nGATE 2019:\u00a0The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras is all set to release the result and cut-off for the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) 2019. But what can be the expected cut-off? It would be easy to access based on previous years\u2019 marks and cut-off list. Here is a list of past three year\u2019s cut-off to help you estimate the soon-to-be-released one.\r\n\r\nRead |\u00a0GATE 2019 Results are declared | Download Scorecard\r\n\r\nGate 2019\r\nGATE 2019 Cut-Off\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nExam Paper\r\nQualifying Marks\r\n\r\n\r\nGeneral\r\nOBC (NCL)\r\nSC\/ST\/PwD\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAerospace Engineering (AE)\r\n33.5\r\n30.2\r\n22.3\r\n\r\n\r\nAgricultural Engineering (AG)\r\n28.3\r\n25.5\r\n18.9\r\n\r\n\r\nArchitecture and Planning (AR)\r\n41\r\n36.9\r\n27.3\r\n\r\n\r\nBiotechnology (BT)\r\n35.9\r\n32.3\r\n23.9\r\n\r\n\r\nCivil Engineering (CE)\r\n28.2\r\n25.4\r\n18.8\r\n\r\n\r\nChemical Engineering (CH)\r\n34.8\r\n31.3\r\n23.2\r\n\r\n\r\nComputer Science and Information Technology (CS)\r\n29.5\r\n26.6\r\n19.7\r\n\r\n\r\nChemistry (CY)\r\n32\r\n28.8\r\n21.3\r\n\r\n\r\nElectronics and Communication Engineering (EC)\r\n26.7\r\n24\r\n17.8\r\n\r\n\r\nElectrical Engineering (EE)\r\n39.6\r\n35.6\r\n26.4\r\n\r\n\r\nEcology and Evolution (EY)\r\n37.1\r\n33.4\r\n24.7\r\n\r\n\r\nGeology and Geophysics (GG)\r\n44.5\r\n40.1\r\n29.7\r\n\r\n\r\nInstrumentation Engineering (IN)\r\n31.9\r\n28.7\r\n21.3\r\n\r\n\r\nMathematics (MA)\r\n25\r\n22.5\r\n16.7\r\n\r\n\r\nMechanical Engineering (ME)\r\n34.1\r\n30.7\r\n22.7\r\n\r\n\r\nMining Engineering (MN)\r\n31.5\r\n28.4\r\n21\r\n\r\n\r\nMetallurgical Engineering (MT)\r\n53.5\r\n48.1\r\n35.7\r\n\r\n\r\nPetroleum Engineering (PE)\r\n49.9\r\n44.9\r\n33.3\r\n\r\n\r\nPhysics (PH)\r\n25.2\r\n22.7\r\n16.8\r\n\r\n\r\nProduction and Industrial Engineering (PI)\r\n32.2\r\n29\r\n21.5\r\n\r\n\r\nStatistics (ST)\r\n32.5\r\n29.2\r\n21.7\r\n\r\n\r\nTextile Engineering and Fibre Science (TF)\r\n40.1\r\n36.1\r\n26.7\r\n\r\n\r\nEngineering Sciences (XE-A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H)\r\n26.7\r\n24\r\n17.8\r\n\r\n\r\nLife Sciences (XL-P, Q, R, S, T, U)\r\n36.7\r\n33\r\n24.5\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nCheck also :\u00a0GATE 2019 Official Response Sheet Released\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"GATE 2019 Cut-Off, GATE Qualifying Cutoff For All Branches","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-16","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/non-destructive-testing-ndt-seminar-pdf-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/NDT-VISUAL-INSPECTION-261x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/non-destructive-testing-ndt-seminar-pdf-report-download/">Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download
INTRODUCTION
Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/non-destructive-testing-ndt-seminar-pdf-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/non-destructive-testing-ndt-seminar-pdf-report-download\/","articleBody":"Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nNon-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage. The terms Non-destructive examination (NDE), Nondestructive inspection (NDI), and Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) are also commonly used to describe this technology. Because NDT does not permanently alter the article being inspected, it is a highly-valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research.\r\nNon-destructive Testing is one part of the function of Quality Control and is Complementary to other long established methods. By definition non-destructive testing is the testing of materials, for surface or internal flaws or metallurgical condition, without interfering in any way with the integrity of the material or its suitability for service.\r\n\r\n NDT VISUAL INSPECTION\r\n\r\nWhat follows is a brief description of the methods most commonly used in industry, together with details of typical applications, functions and advantages.\r\n\r\nThe methods Covered are:\r\n1) Radiography\r\n2) Magnetic Particle Crack Detection\r\n3) Dye Penetrate Testing\r\n4) Ultrasonic Flaw Detection\r\n5) Eddy Current and Electro-magnetic Testing\r\n\r\nDefinitions\r\nThe following definitions apply\r\n\r\n1) Testing: Testing or examination of a material or component in accordance with this Classification Note, or a standard, or a specification or a procedure in order to detect, locate, measure and evaluate flaws.\r\n\r\n2) Defect: One or more flaws whose aggregate size, shape, orientation, location or properties do not meet specified requirements and are rejectable.\r\n\r\n3) Discontinuity: A lack of continuity or cohesion; an intentional or unintentional interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a material or component\r\n\r\n4) Flaw: An imperfection or discontinuity that may be detectable by non-destructive testing and is not necessarily reject able.\r\n\r\n5) Indication: Evidence of a discontinuity that requires interpretation to determine its significance\r\n\r\nto apply NDE Methods:\r\nThere are NDE application at almost any stage in the production or life cycle of a component.\r\n1) To assist in product development\r\n2) To screen or sort incoming materials\r\n3) To monitor, improve or control manufacturing processes\r\n4) To verify proper processing such as heat treating\r\n5) To verify proper assembly\r\n6) To inspect for in-service damage\r\n\r\nUses of NDE Methods:\r\n1) Flaw Detection and Evaluation\r\n2) Leak Detection\r\n3) Location Determination\r\n4) Dimensional Measurements\r\n5) Structure and Microstructure Characterization\r\n6) Estimation of Mechanical and Physical Properties\r\n7) Stress (Strain) and Dynamic Response Measurements\r\n8) Material Sorting and Chemical Composition Determination\r\n\r\nDownload report\u00a0\r\n\r\npages\u00a0 42 nos\u00a0\r\n\r\nNon-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report free Download","headline":"Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) | Seminar pdf Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/NDT-VISUAL-INSPECTION-261x300.jpg","height":300,"width":261},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-concept-of-measurement-interview-question-and-answers/">Basic Concept Of Measurement | Interview Question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Basic Concept Of Measurement | Interview Question and Answers
 ENGINEERING METROLOGY and MEASUREMENTS Basic Concepts and interview viva ,oral mechanical questions with answers are explained here...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/basic-concept-of-measurement-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Basic Concept Of Measurement | Interview Question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Basic Concept Of Measurement | Interview Question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/basic-concept-of-measurement-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Basic Concept Of Measurement | Interview Question and Answers\r\n ENGINEERING METROLOGY and MEASUREMENTS Basic Concepts and interview viva ,oral mechanical questions with answers are explained here .\r\n\r\n1. What is Range of measurement?:\r\n\r\nThe physical variables that are measured between two values. One is the higher calibration value H , and the other is Lower value L, The difference between H, and L, is called range.\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0 What is Resolution:\r\n\r\nThe minimum value of the input signal is required to cause an appreciable change in the output known as resolution.\r\n\r\n3. Differentiate between sensitivity and range with suitable example.\r\n\r\nExample: A Instrument have a scale reading of 0.01mm to 100mm.\r\nHere, the sensitivity of the instrument is 0.0lmm i.e. the minimum value in the scale by which the instrument can read. The range is 0.01 to 100mm i.e. the minimum to maximum value by which the instrument can read.\r\n\r\n4. Deflne system error and correction.,\r\n\r\nError: The deviation between the results of measured value to the actual value.\r\nCorrection: The numerical value which should be added to the measured value to get the correct result.\r\n\r\n5. Define: Measurand.\r\n\r\nMeasurand is the physical quantity or property like length, diameter, and angle to be measured.\r\n\r\n6. Define: Deterministic Metrology.\r\n\r\nThe metrology in which part measurement is replaced by process measurement. The new techniques such as 3D error compensation by CNC systems are applied.\r\n\r\nvernier caliper how to use ,parts , least count\r\n\r\n7.Define over damped and under damped system\r\n\r\nOver damped -\u00a0The final indication of measurement ii approached exponentially from one side.\r\n\r\nUnder damped - The pointer approach the position corresponding to final reading and makes a number of oscillations around it.\r\n\r\n8.Give any four methods of measurement\r\n\r\n1. Direct method.\r\n2. Indirect method.\r\n3. Comparison method.\r\n4. Coincidence method.\r\n\r\n9. Give classification of measuring instruments.\r\n\r\n1. Angle measuring Instruments.\r\n2. Length measuring Instruments.\r\n3. Instruments for surface finish.\r\n4. Instruments for deviations.\r\n\r\nSee also :\u00a0Vernier caliper | How to use , Parts , Application\r\n\r\n10 .Define True size:\r\n\r\nTrue size is Theoretical size of a dimension\r\n\r\n11. Define Actual size\r\n\r\nActual size = Size obtained through measurement with permissible error.\r\n\r\n12. What is Hysteresis\r\n\r\nAll the energy put into the stressed component when loaded is not recovered upon unloading. So, the output of measurement partially depends on input called hoteresis.\r\n\r\n13. Differentiate accuracy and Uncertainty with example. \r\n\r\nAccuracy - Closeness to the true value.\r\nExample: Measuring accuracy is \u00b1 0.02 mm for diameter 25 mm.\r\nHere the measurement true values lie between 24.98 to 25.02 mm\r\nUncertainty about the true value = \u00b1 0.02 mm\r\n\r\nRead More : Limit Gauges-\u00a0 Application , Advantages and Disadvantages\r\n\r\n14.Define Span:\r\n\r\nThe algebraic difference between higher calibration values to lower calibration value.\r\nExample: In a measurement of temperature higher value is 200*C and lower value is 1500C means span = 200 - 150 = 50'C\r\n\r\n15 Differentiate between precision and accuracy.\r\n\r\nAccuracy - The maximum amount by which the result differ from true value.\r\nPrecision - Degree of repetitiveness. If an instrument is not precise it will give different results for the same dimension for the repeated readings.\r\n\r\n16. What is Scale interval:\r\n\r\nIt is the difference between two successive scale marks in units.\r\n\r\n17.What is Response time:\r\n\r\nThe time at which the instrument begins its response for a change measured quantity.\r\n\r\n18. Define Repeatability:\r\n\r\nThe ability of the measuring instrument to repeat the same results g the act measurements for the same quantity is known as atability.\r\n\r\n19. Explain the term magniftication:\r\n\r\nIt means the magnitude of output signal of measuring instrument times increases to make it more readable.\r\n\r\n20. Classify the Absolute error.\r\n\r\nThe absolute error is classified into 1. True absolute error 2. Apparent absolute error\r\n\r\n21. What is Relative error.\r\n\r\nRelative error is defined as the results of the absolute error and the, value of comparison used for calculation of that absolute error. The comparison may be true value or conventional true value or arithmetic rnean for series of measurement.\r\n\r\n22. Classify the errors\r\n\r\nThe errors can be classified into\r\n1. Static errors - Reading errors\r\n- Characteristic errors,\r\n- Environmental errors\r\n2. Loading errors 3. Dynamic error\r\n\r\n23. What is the basic Principle of measurement:\r\n\r\nIt is the physical phenomenon utilized in the measurement. If energy kind of quantity measured, there must be a unit to measure it. So this will give the quantity to be measured in number of that unit.\r\n\r\n24. What are the applications of Legal metrology ?\r\n\r\n1. industrial Measurement~\r\n2. Commercial transactions\r\n3. Public health and human safety ensuring.\r\n24. What is the need of inspection\r\nTo determine the fitness of new made materials, products or component part and to compare the materials, products to the established standard.\r\n\r\n25. What are the important elements of measurments?\r\n\r\nThe important elements of a measurement is\r\nI . Measurand 2. Reference 3. Comparator\r\n\r\n26. What is LEGAL METROLOGY\r\n\r\nLegal metrology is part of Metrology and it is directed by a National Organisation which is called \"Notional service of Legal Metrology\". The main objective is to, maintain uniformity of measurement in a particular country.","headline":"Basic Concept Of Measurement | Interview Question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal no-thumb"><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electro-discharge-machining-edm-interview-question-and-answers/">Electro discharge machining ( EDM ) | Interview question and Answers</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Electro Discharge Machining ( EDM ) | Interview question and Answers
1. What is the principle of EDM?  EDM process involves a controlled erosion of electrically conductive materials by the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electro-discharge-machining-edm-interview-question-and-answers/" aria-label="View Post: Electro discharge machining ( EDM ) | Interview question and Answers">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Electro discharge machining ( EDM ) | Interview question and Answers","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electro-discharge-machining-edm-interview-question-and-answers\/","articleBody":"Electro Discharge Machining ( EDM ) | Interview question and Answers\r\n1. What is the principle of EDM?\r\n\r\nEDM process involves a controlled erosion of electrically conductive materials by the initiation of rapid and repetitive spark discharges between the tool and workpiece separated by a small gap. The controlled pulsing of the direct current between the tool and the workpiece produces the spark discharge. Heat transfer from the spark to both the tool and workpiece makes the latter to melt and partially vaporise and partially ionise the metal in a thin surface layer.\r\n\r\n2. What causes the material to be removed from the workpiece surface? (Or) How does the dielectric assist in removing the material from the workpiece?\r\n\r\nDue to the inertia of the surrounding fluid, the pressure within the spark becomes quite large and may possibly assist in \u201cblasting\u201d the molten material from the surface leaving a fairly flat and shallow crater.\r\n\r\n3. What are the principle components of EDM process?\r\n\r\nPower supply, Dielectric system, electrodes: workpiece and tool and servo system (tool feed)\r\n\r\n4. What is the use of dielectric in EDM process?\r\n\r\n \tspark conductor that must ionize under an applied voltage\r\n \tdeionize the spark gap after the discharge has occurred\r\n \teffective cooling medium (coolant)\r\n \tcarry the swarf particles away from the working gap (flushing medium)\r\n\r\n5. What the dielectric fluids commonly used in EDM?\r\n\r\n \tPetrolium based hydrocarbon fluids.\r\n \tParafin, white sprite, transformer oil.\r\n \tKerosine, mineral oil.\r\n \tEthylene glycol and water miscible compounds.\r\n\r\n6. List the desirable characteristics of a dielectric.\r\n\r\nThe following are the desirable characteristics of a dielectric:\r\n\r\n \tIt should have sufficient and stable dielectric strength to serve as an insulation between the tool and work till the breakdown voltage is reached.\r\n \tIt should deionise rapidly after the spark discharge has taken place.\r\n \tIt should have low viscosity and good wetting capacity to provide an effective cooling mechanism and remove the swarf particles from the machining gap.\r\n \tIt should be chemically neutral so as not to attack the electrode, workpiece, table or the tank.\r\n \tIt should not emit any toxic vapours or have any unpleasant odour.\r\n \tIt should have high flash point so as to avoid any fire hazards.\r\n \tIt should maintain its properties over a wide range of temperature, contamination by debris and products of decomposition.\r\n \tIt should be economical and easily available.\r\n\r\nread also :\u00a0Basic Of Unconventional Machining | interview Question and Answers\r\n\r\n7. What is tool wear in the EDM process?\r\n\r\nPartial removal of the tool material form the tool surface while machining the workpiece due to the discharge spark produced between the tool and the workpiece.\r\n\r\n8. How does tool wear occur in the EDM?\r\n\r\nDue to the sparking action, the intense heat generated near the zone melts and evaporates the materials in the sparking zone. Since the tool is also within this zone, it also gets eroded.\r\n\r\n9. How to minimise tool wear in EDM?\r\n\r\nTool wear can be minimized by using a tool material that has a high melting point and high thermal conductivity. Also by properly configuring the tool design, tool wear can be minimized.\r\n\r\n10. Please identify the characteristics of an electrode material in order to serve as a good tool.\r\n\r\n \tIt should be a good conductor of electricity and heat\r\n \tIt should be easily machinable to any shape at a reasonable cost\r\n \tIt should produce efficient material removal rates from the workpieces\r\n \tIt should resist the deformation during the erosion process\r\n \tIt should exhibit low electrode (tool) wear rates\r\n \tIt should be easily available in a variety of shapes\r\n\r\n11. Name some of the tool material used in EDM?\r\n\r\n \tCopper, brass, alloys of Zinc &amp;tin.\r\n \tHardend plain carbon steel\r\n \tCopper tungsten, silver tungsten, tungsten\r\n \tCopper graphite and graphite.\r\n\r\n12. Why is graphite the most preferred electrode material in EDM?\r\n\r\nGraphite has very high melting point (3727\uf0b0C). It does not melt rather vaporizes. At the same time, the tool wear is minimum.\r\n\r\n13. How does the melting temperature of work material affect the MRR in EDM?\r\n\r\nWork materials having higher melting temperature have lower MRR\u2019s.\r\n\r\n14. What is the effect of capacitance in EDM?\r\n\r\nIncreasing the capacitance causes the discharge to increase and increase both the peak current and discharge time.\r\n\r\n15. Define wear ratio\r\n\r\nIt is the ratio of volume of work removed to the volume of tool removed.\r\n\r\n16. Define over cut\r\n\r\nIt is the distance by which the machined hole in the work piece exceeds the electrode size and is determined by both the initiating voltage and the discharge energy.\r\n\r\n17. What is recast layer?\r\n\r\nIf molten material from the workpiece is not flushed out quickly, it will resolidify and harden (as a martensite) due to cooling effect of the dieletric, and gets adhered to the machined surface. This thin layer (about 2.5 to 50\uf06dm) is known as re-cast layer.\r\n\r\n18. Name the best electrode material for finish operations on a small die made of WC by the EDM process.\r\n\r\nBest electrode material for finish machining a small die made of WC \u2013 steel. Steel is used because it can match the parting planes of the moulds in which half the mould is used as the electrode and the other half is used as the workpiece.\r\n\r\n19. Explain why tool shape in the EDM process should be complementary to the final form?\r\n\r\nSince the arc is always struck at a point between the workpiece that is closest from the tool (electrode), the complementary tool surface will be reproduced in the workpiece.\r\n\r\n20. What are the factors upon which the material removal rate and surface roughness depends?\r\n\r\n \tIncrease in current or spark voltage increases MRR and produces higher surface roughness\r\n \tIncrease in spark frequency results in improved surface finish but the MRR can be maintained\r\n \tLow inter electrode gap (IEG) results in lower MRR, higher surface finish and better accuracy\r\n\r\n21. What are the design factors to be considered while selecting the machine tool?\r\n\r\n \tNumber of parts to be produced.\r\n \tAccuracy.\r\n \tSize of work piece.\r\n \tSize of electrode.\r\n \tDepth of cavity.\r\n\r\n22. Why is a servo-controlled system required in EDM?\r\n\r\nEDM requires that a constant arc gap be maintained between the electrode and the work piece to obtain maximum machining efficiency. Therefore EDM tool incorporates some form of servo control.\r\n\r\n23. What are the various applications of EDM?\r\n\r\n \tMould \u2013making industry \u2013manufacture moulds for plastics\r\n \tTool and die industry- manufacture extruding, heading, drawing, forging and die lasting dies.\r\n \tAerospace and electronic industry \u2013 to make prototypes and production parts- made of difficult to machine material\r\n \tSmall or odd \u2013 shaped holes\r\n \tMiniature parts and parts made from thin or fragile materials (delicate)\r\n\r\n24. What is meant by Wire cut EDM?\r\n\r\nThe principle and working of an WEDM is similar to the EDM but instead of using a solid electrode, a wire (about 0.05-0.30mm diameter) is used as an electrode in EDM.\r\n\r\n25. What are salient features of WEDM?\r\n\r\nWEDM uses a small diameter wire as tool electrode, which produces a very narrow kerf in the work. Because of this reason, very sharp corners can be easily produced.\r\n\r\n26. Please identify various applications of Wire cut EDM. \r\n\r\n \tWire cut EDM is used for the manufacture of:\r\n \tDies\r\n \tPress tools\r\n \tElectrodes\r\n\r\n27. What are the different types of the electrical circuits that are used for electro spark machining?\r\n\r\n \tR.C. Circuits\r\n \tRotary impulse generator\r\n \tPulse controlled circuits\r\n \tHybrid circuits\r\n\r\n28. What is an arc gap?\r\n\r\nOptimum distance between the tool and the workpiece so that spark can run and cause useful erosion.\r\n\r\n29. How is the arc gap controlled in EDM?\r\n\r\nServo mechanism is used to control the arc gap \u2013average voltage is measured and as long as it is within a certain limit, no correction signal is fed to the feed drive.\r\n\r\n30. What are the limitations of EDM process?\r\n\r\n \tLow material removal rate\r\n \tOnly electrically conductive materials can be machined\r\n \tTool electrode wear is very high\r\n \tMore time in the fabrication of the electrodes.\r\n \tHigh cost involved.","headline":"Electro discharge machining ( EDM ) | Interview question and Answers","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"","height":0,"width":0},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electrochemical-grinding-ecg-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/electrochemical-grinding-300x219.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Electrochemical Grinding &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages and Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electrochemical-grinding-ecg-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Electrochemical Grinding &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages and Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Electrochemical Grinding (ECG) 
Introduction to Electro Chemical Grinding 
• ECG also called electrolytic grinding is similar to ECM, except that the cathode is an electrically conductive...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electrochemical-grinding-ecg-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Electrochemical Grinding &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages and Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Electrochemical Grinding &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages and Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electrochemical-grinding-ecg-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Electrochemical Grinding (ECG)\u00a0\r\nIntroduction to Electro Chemical Grinding\u00a0\r\n\u2022 ECG also called electrolytic grinding is similar to ECM, except that the cathode is an electrically conductive abrasive grinding wheel instead of a tool shaped like the contour to be machined\r\n\u2022 Used primarily to machine difficult to cut alloys such as stainless steel, Hastelloy, Inconel, Monel, Waspally and tungsten carbide, heat-treated workpieces, fragile or therm-sensitive parts, or parts for which stress-free and burr-free results are required\r\n\u2022 Process introduced in the early 1950s evolving from developments in the USSR on EDM\r\n\u2022 ECG removes metal by a combination of electrochemical (responsible for 90% of material removal) and grinding actions\r\n\u2022 The grinding action removes the buildup of oxide film on the surface of the workpiece\r\n\u2022 Less power is needed for ECG than for ECM since the machining area is smaller and the abrasive in the wheel is removing the oxide film \u2013 current ranges from 5 to 1000A are most common, with a voltage of 3 to 15V over an electrolyte gap of approximately 0.25mm or less and wheel speeds of 1100 to 1800m\/min\r\n\u2022 Many similarities between ECG and conventional grinding make this one of the easiest ECM based processes to both understand and implement \u2013 grinding wheel closely resemble their conventional counterparts with the exception that ECG wheels use an electrically conductive abrasive bonding agent; electrolyte is introduced to the work area in the same manner that coolant is introduced in conventional grinding.\r\n\r\nSee related to this :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tChemical Machining- PCM , ECM , ECH, ECG | Interview Question and answers\r\n \tWhat is Chemical Machining\u00a0-Chemical Milling\r\n\r\n electrochemical grinding\r\nMajor components of Electrochemical grinding\u00a0\r\n\u2022 Electrolyte delivery and circulating system\r\n\u2022 Electrolyte\r\n\u2022 DC power supply\r\n\u2022 Grinding wheel\r\n\u2022 Work piece\r\n\r\nElectrolyte delivery and circulating system\r\n\r\n\u2022 The electrodes are not totally immersed, yet there must be an ample supply of electrolyte\r\n\u2022 Nozzles are used to ensure proper wetting action of the wheel\r\n\u2022 Nozzle creates a partial vacuum and causes the electrolyte to be sucked up, filling the cavities around the grit \u2013 the rotation of the wheel then carries the electrolyte into the area of contact between the workpiece and the wheel.\r\n\r\nElectrolyte :\u00a0\r\n\r\nResemble those used for the ECM; however formulations for ECG are distinctly different \u2013 they are designed to enable the faster formation of oxide films on the workpiece, whereas, in ECM, the oxide must dissolve at once in the electrolyte\r\n\u2022 Desirable electrolyte should provide:\u00a0high conductivity, high stock removal efficiency, passivation to limit stray currents, good surface finishes, and corrosion inhibition.\r\n\r\nThe abrasive grains on the ECG wheel serve three major purposes:\r\n1. Act to wipe the oxide from the workpiece, exposing new metal and allowing the process to continue\r\n2. Spacer to keep the conductive media in the wheel from making direct contact with the workpiece and generating a short circuit\r\n3. The cavities between the grit are filled with electrolyte, and the grit acts as a carrier bringing the electrolyte to the work area between the workpiece and the wheel making the ECG process possible\r\n\u2022 ECG wheels are made of an abrasive material, a bonding agent and a conductive medium\r\n\u2022 Most ECG wheels have aluminum oxide as the abrasive and contain copper impregnated resins for conductivity\r\n\u2022 Other abrasive materials used include silicon carbide and diamond and recently borazon\r\n\r\nMethods :\r\n\r\nFive different grinding methods can be performed with ECG equipment: \r\n\r\n \tface grinding, \r\n \tsurface grinding, \r\n \tinternal grinding, \r\n \tform grinding and \r\n \tcylindrical grinding.\r\n\r\nProcess parameters\r\n\r\nECG exhibits MRRs that are up to 10 times faster than conventional grinding on materials harder than 60HRC; although MRRs are high, ECG cannot obtain the tolerances achieved by conventional grinding.\r\n\r\n\u2022 The removal rate for ECG is governed by the current density, just as in ECM: as with ECM, the higher the current density, the faster the removal rate and the better the resulting surface finish.\r\n\u2022 Feed rates vary with different parameters, depending on the grinding method: if the feed rate is running too slowly for the application, a large overcut will be produced that will result in poor surface finishes and tolerances and if the feed rate is too fast, the abrasive particles will be prematurely forced into the workpiece, resulting in excessive wheel wear.\r\nAdvantages of Electrochemical Grinding\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tNo thermal damage to workpiece\r\n \tElimination of grinding burn\r\n \tAbsence of work hardening\r\n \tLong-lasting wheels \u2013 less truing\r\n \tHigher MRR;\r\n \tSingle pass grinding - reduced cost of grinding;\r\n \tAbsence of burrs on the finished surface;\r\n \tImproved surface finish with no grinding scratches;\r\n \tReduced pressure of work against the wheel \u2013 no distortion;\r\n \tIn ECG, the ECM action is efficient\r\n\r\nLimitations\u00a0of Electrochemical Grinding\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tHigh capital cost \/ Higher cost of grinding wheel;\r\n \tCorrosive environment\r\n \tHigh preventive maintenance cost\r\n \tTolerance achieved are low;\r\n \tDifficult to optimize due to the complexity of the process;\r\n \tNon-conductive materials cannot be machined\r\n \tNot economical for soft materials \u2013 noncompetitive removal rates compared to conventional methods for readily machinable metals\r\n \tRequires disposal and filtering of electrolytes.\r\n\r\nApplications of Electrochemical Grinding\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tThe single largest use for ECG is in the manufacturing and remanufacturing of turbine blades and vanes for aircraft turbine engines\r\n \tGrinding of tungsten carbide tool inserts\r\n \tRe-profiling worn locomotive traction motor gears\r\n \tBurr-free sharpening of hypodermic needles\r\n \tGrinding of surgical needles, other thin wall tubes, and fragile parts\r\n \tMachining of fragile or very hard and tough material \u2013 honeycomb, thin-walled tubes and skins\r\n \tHigh MRR\u2019s when grinding hard, tough, stringy, work-hardenable or heat-sensitive materials","headline":"Electrochemical Grinding &#8211; Diagram, Working, Advantages and Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-03-15","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 20, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/electrochemical-grinding-300x219.jpg","height":219,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=105">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=104"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>104</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=105"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>105</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>106</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=107"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>107</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=108"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>108</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=107">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; 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