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Types Of Mass production</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mass-production-flow-production-types-of-mass-production/">Mass production | Flow Production &#8211; Types Of Mass production</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Mass production | Flow Production - Types Of Mass production
Mass or flow production:
This method involves a continuous production of standardized products on a large scale. Under this method,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mass-production-flow-production-types-of-mass-production/" aria-label="View Post: Mass production | Flow Production &#8211; Types Of Mass production">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Mass production | Flow Production &#8211; Types Of Mass production","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/mass-production-flow-production-types-of-mass-production\/","articleBody":"Mass production | Flow Production - Types Of Mass production\r\nMass or flow production:\r\nThis method involves a continuous production of standardized products on a large scale. Under this method, production remains continuous in anticipation of future demand. Standardization is the basis of mass production. Standardized products are produced under this method by using standardized materials and equipment. There is a continuous or uninterrupted flow of production obtained by arranging the machines in a proper sequence of operations. Process layout is best suited method for mass production units. Flow production is the manufacture of a product by a series of operations, each article going on to a succeeding operation as soon as possible. The manufacturing process is broken into separate operations. The product completed at one operation is automatically passed on to the next till its completion. There is no time gap between the work done at one process and the starting at the next. The flow of production is continuous and progressive.\r\n\r\nmass production\r\nCharacteristics of Mass production :\r\n\r\n \tThe units flow from one operation point to another throughout the whole process.\r\n \tThere will be one type of machine for each process.\r\n \tThe products, tools, materials and methods are standardised.\r\n \tProduction is done in anticipation of demand.\r\n \tProduction volume is usually high.\r\n \tMachine set ups remain unchanged for a considerable long period.\r\n \tAny fault in flow of production is immediately corrected otherwise it will stop the whole production process.\r\n\r\nSuitability of flow\/mass production:\r\n\r\n \tThere must be continuity in demand for the product.\r\n \tThe products, materials and equipments must be standardised because the flow of line is inflexible.\r\n \tThe operations should be well defined.\r\n \tIt should be possible to maintain certain quality standards.\r\n \tIt should be possible to find time taken at each operation so that flow of work is standardized\r\n \tThe process of stages of production should be continuous.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of mass production :\r\n\r\n \tThe product is standardised and any deviation in quality etc. is detected at the spot.\r\n \tThere will be accuracy in product design and quality.\r\n \tIt will help in reducing direct labour cost.\r\n \tThere will be no need of work-in-progress because products will automatically pass on from operation to operation.\r\n \tSince flow of work is simplified there will be lesser need for control.\r\n \tA weakness in any operation comes to the notice immediately.\r\n \tThere may not be any need of keeping work-in-progress, hence storage cost is reduced.","headline":"Mass production | Flow Production &#8211; Types Of Mass production","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/mass-production-300x159.jpg","height":159,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/batch-production-types-of-production-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/batch-production-300x132.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Batch Production | Types Of Production System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/batch-production-types-of-production-system/">Batch Production | Types Of Production System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Batch Production | Types Of Production System
What is Batch production :
Batch production pertains to repetitive production. It refers to the production of goods, the quantity of which is known in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/batch-production-types-of-production-system/" aria-label="View Post: Batch Production | Types Of Production System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Batch Production | Types Of Production System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/batch-production-types-of-production-system\/","articleBody":"Batch Production | Types Of Production System\r\nWhat is Batch production :\r\nBatch production pertains to repetitive production. It refers to the production of goods, the quantity of which is known in advance. It is that form of production where identical products are produced in batches on the basis of demand of customers\u2019 or of expected demand for products.\r\n\r\nThis method is generally similar to job production except the quantity of production. Instead of making one single product as in case of job production, a batch or group of products are produced at one time. It should be remembered here that one batch of products may not resemble with the next batch.\r\n\r\nUnder batch system of production the work is divided into operations and one operation is done at a time. After completing the work on one operation it is passed on to the second operation and so on till the product is completed. Batch production can be explained with the help of an illustration. An enterprise wants to manufacture 20 electric motors.\r\n\r\nThe work will be divided into different operations. The first operation on all the motors will be completed in the first batch and then it will pass on to the next operation. The second group of operators will complete the second operation before the next and so on. Under job production the same operators will manufacture full machine and not one operation only.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Types of production systems\r\n\r\nBatch production can fetch the benefits of repetitive production to a large extent, if the batch is of a sufficient quantity. Thus batch production may be defined as the manufacture of a product in small or large batches or lots by series of operations, each operation being carried on the whole batch before any subsequent operation is operated. This method is generally adopted in case of biscuit and confectionery and motor manufacturing, medicines, tinned food and hardware\u2019s like nuts and bolts etc.\r\n\r\n batch production\r\n\r\nThe batch production method possesses the following characteristics:\r\n\r\n1. The work is of repetitive nature.\r\n\r\n2. There is a functional layout of various manufacturing processes.\r\n\r\n3. One operation is carried out on whole batch and then is passed on to the next operation and so on.\r\n\r\n4. Same type of machines is arranged at one place.\r\n\r\n5. It is generally chosen where trade is seasonal or there is a need to produce great variety of goods.\r\n\r\nAdvantages Of Batch Production\u00a0\r\n\r\nThere are several advantages of batch production; \r\n\r\nit can reduce initial capital outlay (the cost of setting up the machines) because a single production line can be used to produce several products. As shown in the example, batch production can be useful for small businesses that cannot afford to run continuous production lines. If a retailer buys a batch of a product that does not sell, then the producer can cease production without having to sustain huge losses. Batch production is also useful for a factory that makes seasonal items, products for which it is difficult to forecast demand, a trial run for production, or products that have a high profit margin.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages Of Batch Production\r\n\r\nBatch production also has some drawbacks. There are inefficiencies associated with batch production as equipment must be stopped, re-configured, and its output tested before the next batch can be produced. Idle time between batches is known as downtime. The time between consecutive batches is known as cycle time. Cycle time variation is a Lean Manufacturing metric.\r\n\r\nContinuous production is used for products that are made in a similar manner. For example, a certain car model has the same body shape and therefore, many of the same model cars can be made at the same time without stopping, decreasing manufacturing cost.","headline":"Batch Production | Types Of Production System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/batch-production-300x132.jpg","height":132,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/job-production-types-of-production-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/job-production-300x197.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Job Production | Types Of Production System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/job-production-types-of-production-system/">Job Production | Types Of Production System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Job Production | Types Of Production System
The various different activities carried out mainly focuses on the production and planning functions. There must be proper planning for any Product to be...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/job-production-types-of-production-system/" aria-label="View Post: Job Production | Types Of Production System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Job Production | Types Of Production System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/job-production-types-of-production-system\/","articleBody":"Job Production | Types Of Production System\r\nThe various different activities carried out mainly focuses on the production and planning functions. There must be proper planning for any Product to be accomplished and also a control must be exerted on these activities, so that effective work can be carried out, maximum utilization of resources must take place such that there is no wastage during production. The products undertaken must fulfill the requirements of the company. It must also have a higher scope for further development which would control the functioning of company effectively\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Types of production systems\r\n\r\nWhat is Job Production :\r\n\r\nUnder this method peculiar, special or non-standardized products are produced in accordance with the orders received from the customers. As each product is non- standardized varying in size and nature, it requires separate job for production. The machines and equipment\u2019s are adjusted in such a manner so as to suit the requirements of a particular job.\r\n\r\nJob production involves intermittent process as the work is carried as and when the order is received. It consists of bringing together of material, parts and components in order to assemble and commission a single piece of equipment or product.\r\n\r\nShip building, dam construction, bridge building, book printing are some of the examples of job production. Third method of plant layout viz., Stationery Material Layout is suitable for job production.\r\n\r\n Job Production\r\n\r\nCharacteristics of Job Production :\r\n\r\n \tA large number of general purpose machines are required.\r\n \tA large number of workers conversant with different jobs will have to be employed.\r\n \tThere can be some variations in production.\r\n \tSome flexibility in financing is required because of variations in work load.\r\n \tA large inventory of materials, parts and tools will be required.\r\n \tThe machines and equipment setting will have to be adjusted and re\u00adadjusted to the manufacturing requirements. 7.The movement of materials through the process is intermittent.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of job production include:\r\n\r\n \tcan provide emergency parts or services, such as quickly making a machine part that would take a long time to acquire otherwise\r\n \tcan provide parts or services for machinery or systems that are otherwise not available, as when the original supplier no longer\r\n \tsupports the product or goes out of business (orphaned)\r\n \twork is generally of a high quality\r\n \ta high level of customization is possible to meet the customer's exact requirements\r\n \tsignificant flexibility is possible, especially when compared to mass production\r\n \tworkers can be easily motivated due to the skilled nature of the work they are performing\r\n\r\nLimitations of Job Production :\r\n\r\n \tThe economies of large scale production may not be attained because production is done in short-runs.\r\n \tThe demand is irregular for some products.\r\n \tThe use of labour and equipment may be an inefficient.\r\n \tThe scientific assessment of costs is difficult.","headline":"Job Production | Types Of Production System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/job-production-300x197.jpg","height":197,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/designing-a-boiler-chimney-heat-recovery-system-against-fouling-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Designing-A-Boiler-Chimney-heat-recovery-System-Against-Fouling-300x250.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/designing-a-boiler-chimney-heat-recovery-system-against-fouling-mechanical-project/">Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling - Mechanical Project
ABSTRACT  An initial design of chimney heat recovery heat exchanger was provided. The design had a completely...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/designing-a-boiler-chimney-heat-recovery-system-against-fouling-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/designing-a-boiler-chimney-heat-recovery-system-against-fouling-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling - Mechanical Project\r\nABSTRACT\r\n\r\nAn initial design of chimney heat recovery heat exchanger was provided. The design had a completely fabricated exchange core but an incomplete ducting system .\r\n\r\nThis report is based on the work undertaken to complete and test the gas to gas heat recovery system. This system was specifically designed for boiler chimney and therefore the systems ducting was designed to conform to the general boiler stack. In the completion of the design, the major factor to consider was to design against fouling. The system was therefore designed with means of reducing fouling such as provision for easily replaceable particulate filter and quick washing system.\r\nThe project was hence done in the following manner.\r\n1. Completing of the fabrication.\r\n2. Research on ways of minimizing fouling .\r\n3. Incorporating the ways arrived at in 1 above into the system design.\r\n4. Testing of the model under forced convection condition.\r\nThe gases from a furnace were used to simulate industrial flue gases. The performance of the model was used to project the optimum of prototype.\r\n\r\nOBJECTIVE STATEMENT\r\nThe aim of this project was to recover heat lost through flue gases exhaust at the chimney stage taking a keen consideration of the effect of fouling especially at the core of the heat exchanger.\r\nSome research was done and the exchanger system designed and fabricated though not to completion. It was nevertheless tested specifically to determine its heat exchange effectiveness.\r\nHowever critical factors such as fouling were not keenly observed. The small plate spacing of the exchange core will allow for a substantial heat recovery. This obviously means the core will undergo fouling at a higher rate as compared to boiler tubes. This makes the exchanger to require more frequent maintenance than the normal boiler maintenance.\r\nThe objective was to review the design ensuring that fouling was reduced and that the maintenance practice on the exchanger does not adversely interfere with the normal operation of the boiler.\r\nIt was projected that the project will maintain its goal of recovering heat and hence its benefits towards energy management and at the same time maintain the smooth operation of the boiler.\r\n\r\nThe aim of this project can therefore be summarized as\r\n1. Complete the fabrication of the heat recovery system and test.\r\n2. Research on fouling effects for different fuels used in boilers.\r\n3. Minimizing fouling and reduce maintenance requirements to avoid interference with the normal operations of the boiler.\r\n4. Give the recommendations based on the prototype performance\r\n\r\nDesigning A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling\r\n\r\nDESIGN CONSIDERATIONS\r\nIn the designing of the exchanger following factors were put to consideration.\r\n1. The exchanger surface has to be the most efficient and suitable for gas-gas heat exchange.\r\n2. The design has to consider the fouling effect of the flue gases.\r\n3. The design has to allow for quick maintenance without interfering with the boiler operations.\r\n4. The ducting design has to conform to the boiler chimney design.\r\nBased on the above factors, the exchanger was designed to be of compact plate type. Various designs for the exchange core were considered including cylindrical type (ducts). The plate type was found to be more efficient and simpler in design. It was also more suitable for gas - to gas heat exchange as it offers higher surface for heat transfer.\r\nDownload report\u00a0\r\nDesigning A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling - Mechanical Project Free Download\u00a0\r\n\r\nFile Size : 1.5 mb","headline":"Designing A Boiler Chimney heat recovery System Against Fouling &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-13","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Designing-A-Boiler-Chimney-heat-recovery-System-Against-Fouling-300x250.jpg","height":250,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-ergonomics-ergonomic-design-consideration/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/part_7_anthropometrics_and_ergonomics_for_a_coffee_table_-view-here-300x196.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Ergonomics &#8211; Ergonomic Design Consideration</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-ergonomics-ergonomic-design-consideration/">What is Ergonomics &#8211; Ergonomic Design Consideration</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Ergonomics - Ergonomic Design Consideration
Ergonomics is the study of human abilities and characteristics, which affect the design of equipment, systems, and jobs.  Scope:  The aim of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-ergonomics-ergonomic-design-consideration/" aria-label="View Post: What is Ergonomics &#8211; Ergonomic Design Consideration">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Ergonomics &#8211; Ergonomic Design Consideration","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-ergonomics-ergonomic-design-consideration\/","articleBody":"What is Ergonomics - Ergonomic Design Consideration\r\nErgonomics\u00a0is the study of human abilities and characteristics, which affect the design of equipment, systems, and jobs.\r\n\r\nScope:\r\n\r\nThe aim of ergonomics is to develop a comfortable, safe and thus a productive work system, by incorporating human factors thinking and data into the plan.\r\n\r\nThis means designing the product or process to use the capabilities of the person,but at the same time to respect their limitations.\r\n\r\nErgonomic Design Consideration In Relation To Work\r\n\r\nTo get successful and optimum from operator-machine system it is required to concentrate on three important aspects of a tool\/workstation\/system design they are described as follows:\r\n\r\nDisplay Design\r\n\r\n \tDisplay is a device that provides information about a situation which has already or is just occurring.\r\n \tDisplay provides both prime and secondary information needed by operator in carrying out required action.\r\n \tDesign gives either static or dynamics information,in which dynamic information changes over the time.E.g.Traffic signal.\r\n\r\nDesign of controls\r\n\r\n \tControlling devices perform the action initiated and formulated by an operator.different types of controls devices are used,which are as follows:\r\n\r\n \tHand Lever:it provides quick control for large force and with this fine adjustment is difficult to achieve. These are only suitable for on-off or strp-up,step-down type of operation.\r\n \tHand Wheel :it provides controlling torque by using any or both hands in case of heavy loads with good accuracy of adjustments.\r\n \tKnobs:These are used for light load applications with fingers or hands and are generally used in instrument control panels.\r\n \tPush Buttons and Switches:These are used for light loads and are usually operated by one finger.\r\n \tFoot Pedals:These are used for repetitive actions where cycle time is very short and are employed in sitting position of the operator.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDesign Of Working Conditions\r\n\r\n \tWorking conditions in the factory has very close relationship with productivity of employees.\r\n \tFatigue due to long working hours and poor working conditions are detrimental to productivity.\r\n\r\nanthropometrics and ergonomics for a coffee table\r\n\r\nWorking Conditions Includes\r\n\r\n \tWorking Premises:Working premises should preferably above the ground level and should be equipped with sufficient number of windows.windows should not have surface area less than 17% of floor area.each worker should have at least 10 cubic meter of air and to prevents accidents every worker should have at least floor space area of 2 sq feet.walls and ceilings should have good surface finish and floors should be non-slippery.\r\n \tGood House Keeping:To follow good housekeeping,5s-principles are followed.\r\n \tLighting:To accelerate the production,reduce number of defectived, reduces wastage,preventing visual fatigue and headache to workers,good visibility of equipment,the product and data involved in work place is essential.the use of natural light is always encouraged.the use of colorful interior color scheme contributes to good lighting and psychological effect to operator(s).\r\n \tAnthropometry:is the branch of ergonomics that deals with body shape and size.people come in all shape and sizes so you need to take these physical characteristics into account whenever you design anything that someone will use,from something as simple as a pencil to samething as complex as a car.","headline":"What is Ergonomics &#8211; Ergonomic Design Consideration","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-11","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/part_7_anthropometrics_and_ergonomics_for_a_coffee_table_-view-here-300x196.jpg","height":196,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-bulk-micro-manufacturing-types-of-bulk-micro-machining/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/microeng_bulk01-300x172.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Bulk Micro manufacturing &#8211; Types Of Bulk Micro machining</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-bulk-micro-manufacturing-types-of-bulk-micro-machining/">What is Bulk Micro manufacturing &#8211; Types Of Bulk Micro machining</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Bulk Micro manufacturing - Types Of Bulk Micro machining
Bulk Micromachining
Bulk micromachining is the earliest and best-characterized method of producing micromachined devices. Its...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-bulk-micro-manufacturing-types-of-bulk-micro-machining/" aria-label="View Post: What is Bulk Micro manufacturing &#8211; Types Of Bulk Micro machining">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Bulk Micro manufacturing &#8211; Types Of Bulk Micro machining","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-bulk-micro-manufacturing-types-of-bulk-micro-machining\/","articleBody":"What is Bulk Micro manufacturing - Types Of Bulk Micro machining\r\nBulk Micromachining\r\nBulk micromachining is the earliest and best-characterized method of producing micromachined devices. Its principle consists of etching deeply into the silicon wafer. Although various different materials can be used as the substrate for micromachined structures, silicon is being used for that purpose in most cases because of the greater level of experience with this material, achieved through the production of semiconductor devices. Additionally, silicon offers the best characteristics with respect to cost, metallization and machinability. Alternatives to Si include ceramic, plastic or glass materials.\r\n\r\nThe first instances of etching a substrate reach back to the fifteenth century, when etching and masking techniques were used to decorate armors, an action which traditional engraving tools were too soft. For this purpose, mostly wax masks were patterned, using scribing tools to remove the masking material in the areas that should be etched later in an acid-based etchant. Later as photosensitive chemicals were invented (around 1820), the process of chemically patterning some kind of substrate grew more and more important, since structures were made possible by this means that could not be otherwise produced. Also the introduction of printed circuit boards in the electronic industries in the 1940s and 50s resulted in major advancements in this technique.\r\n\r\nThere are several ways to etch the silicon wafer.\r\n\r\nAnisotropic etching uses etchants that etch different crystallographic directions at different rates. Certain crystallographic planes etch extremely slowly, therefore being called stop planes. Anisotropic etching usually produces V grooves, pyramids, and channels into the surface of the silicon wafer.\r\n\r\nIsotropic etching etches all directions in the silicon wafer with nearly the same rate, regardless of the crystalline structure. Thus it produces rounded depressions on the surface of the wafer that usually resemble hemispheres and cylinders.\r\n\r\nReactive Ion Etching (RIE) uses a plasma to etch straight walled structures on the wafer and provides a means for dry etching silicon. Since this kind of etching has not been part of the project worked on during the described practical training semester, attention will be kept on the wet etching techniques in this report.\r\n\r\n \tBulk micromanufacturing technique involves creating 3-D components by removing materials from thick substrates (silicon or other materials) using primarily etching method.\r\n \tEtching \u2013 dry or wet etching is the principal technique used in bulk micro manufacturing.\r\n\r\nSubstrates that can be etched in bulk micro manufacturing include:-\r\n\r\n1) Silicon 2) SiC 3) GaAs 4) Special polymers\r\n\r\nWet etching involves the use of chemical solvents (called etchants ) Dry etching uses plasma to remove materials at the desired locations on a substrate.\r\n\r\nEtched grooves using (a) anisotropic etchants, (b) isotropic etchants, (c) Reactive Ion Etching (RIE)\r\n\r\nFigure shows the differences between the various sorts of etching procedures. The thin layer visible between the photoresist and the silicon itself is silicon dioxide (SiO2). It serves as an etch mask for the Si etch, since its etch rate in most of the acidic etchants is considerably lower than that of Si, whereas photoresists do not stand up to the strong attack of most of the etchants. It is either a naturally grown oxide of approximately 20 \u00c5 (oxidation of silicon is nearly unavoidable when exposed to an atmosphere containing oxygen) or is thermally grown to a distinctive thickness. This is usually done by heating the wafer to temperatures between 600 and 1200\u00b0C when surrounded by steam or either wet or dry oxygen\/nitrogen mixtures. A common etchant for patterning SiO2 is buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF), attacking it at 1000 \u00c5\/min but leaving photoresist untouched for a reasonable stretch of time.\r\n\r\nReference :\u00a0http:\/\/terpconnect.umd.edu\/~sandborn\/research\/JPL_MEMS\/microeng_bulk.html","headline":"What is Bulk Micro manufacturing &#8211; Types Of Bulk Micro machining","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-10","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/microeng_bulk01-300x172.gif","height":172,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=139">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=138"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>138</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=139"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>139</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>140</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=141"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>141</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=142"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>142</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=141">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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