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Introduction to Induction Heating :
Induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/induction-heating-diagram-application/" aria-label="View Post: Induction Heating &#8211; Diagram , Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Induction Heating &#8211; Diagram , Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/induction-heating-diagram-application\/","articleBody":"Induction Heating - Diagram ,Working,\u00a0 Application\r\nIntroduction to Induction Heating :\r\nInduction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents. An induction heater consists of an electromagnet, and an electronic oscillator that passes a high-frequency alternating current (AC) through the electromagnet. The rapidly alternating magnetic field penetrates the object, generating electric currents inside the conductor called eddy currents. The eddy currents flowing through the resistance of the material heat it by Joule heating. In ferromagnetic (and ferromagnetic) materials like iron, heat may also be generated by magnetic hysteresis losses. The frequency of current used depends on the object size, material type, coupling (between the work coil and the object to be heated) and the penetration depth.\r\n1) Electrical heating is superior to other methods of heating because of the following reasons:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tIts maintenance is easy as there are no moving parts.\r\n \tElectrical heating is clean and efficient\r\n \tIt offers compact and reliable heating system.\r\n\r\n2) Electrical heating is done either at high frequency or at power frequency. At Power frequency heating, heat is transferred to the material to be heated by convection, conduction or radiation. At high-frequency heating, electrical energy is converted into heat within the material itself. High frequency heating is, therefore, more efficient.\r\n3) Principle of Induction Heating: When a transformer primary is energized , iron loos occurs in the core of transformer. This core loss, made up of eddy-current loss and hysteresis loss, is undesirable and efforts are made to minimize this loss in transformer. This eddy current loss is, however, exploited in producing heat in the metals to be heated and this is what is called induction heating.\r\n4) Factors Affecting Induction Heating \u03b4\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\ninduction heating\r\n\r\n\r\nIn addition to eddy current loss, hysteresis loss also leads to heating of the metal object. But hysteresis loss is much less as compared to eddy current loss, hence it is usually neglected.\r\nFactors governing induction heating are magnetic field intensity, relative permeability, frequency and resistivity. Higher the values the greater is the heat generated by induction heating.\r\n5) Induction heating Circuit\r\nFor frequencies from 250Hz to 10KHz, rectifier \u2013 inverter circuits are used. The two basic circuit configurations are as under:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tVoltage source series resonant inverter(i) Fig shown in (a) , diode rectifier converts utility voltage to direct voltage. The dc link voltage is kept level by the use of capacitor C1 . Inductor L1 limits the current pulsations.\r\n\r\n(ii) Load inductance L is large, therefore C should be suitably chosen so that RLC circuit is underdamped.\r\n\r\n(iii) For load commutation to occur, switching frequency should be below the circuit resonant or circuit ringing, frequency.\r\n \tCurrent source parallel-resonant inverteri) Fig shown in b) , inductor L1 is quite large.\r\n\r\nii) With the turning on of starting SCR Ts a constant current flows through L1 .\r\n\r\nii) In this configuration, the switching frequency is kept somewhat more than the circuit resonant frequency. Load power is regulated by controlling the firing angle of thyristor rectifier.\r\n\r\nApplications of induction heating\r\ni. Induction hardening :\r\nInduction hardening uses induced heat and rapid cooling (quenching) to increase the hardness and durability of steel. Induction is used to harden gears, crankshafts, camshafts, drive shafts, output shafts, torsion bars, rocker arms, CV joints, tulips, valves, rock drills, slewing rings, inner and outer races.\r\nii. Induction tempering :\r\nInduction tempering is a heating process that optimizes mechanical properties such as toughness and ductility in workpieces that have already been hardened. Induction tempering is widely employed in the automotive industry to temper surface-hardened components such as shafts, bars and joints.\r\niii. Induction brazing\r\nBrazing is a materials-joining process that uses a filler metal (and usually an anti-oxidizing solvent called flux) to join two pieces of close-fitting metal together without melting the base materials. The aeronautics sector uses induction to braze fan blades, blades for casings, and fuel and hydraulic systems.\r\niv. Induction bonding\r\nInduction bonding uses induction heating to cure bonding adhesives. Induction is the main method for curing adhesives and sealants for car components such as doors, hoods, fenders, rearview mirrors and magnets.\r\nv. Induction welding\r\nWith induction welding the heat is electromagnetically induced in the workpiece. Induction welding is used in the tube and pipe industry for the longitudinal welding of stainless steel (magnetic and non-magnetic), aluminum, low-carbon and high strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels and many other conductive materials.","headline":"Induction Heating &#8211; Diagram , Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-09","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/induction-heating-300x151.png","height":151,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/welding-inspection-tools-types-of-welding-gauges/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/welding-gauges-300x259.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Welding Inspection Tools &#8211; Types Of Welding gauges</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/welding-inspection-tools-types-of-welding-gauges/">Welding Inspection Tools &#8211; Types Of Welding gauges</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Welding Inspection Tools - Types Of Welding gauges
Welding gauges
This article provides notes on welding gauge.  After welding the welds are inspected for size and shape by means of welding...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/welding-inspection-tools-types-of-welding-gauges/" aria-label="View Post: Welding Inspection Tools &#8211; Types Of Welding gauges">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Welding Inspection Tools &#8211; Types Of Welding gauges","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/welding-inspection-tools-types-of-welding-gauges\/","articleBody":"Welding Inspection Tools - Types Of Welding gauges\r\nWelding gauges\r\nThis article provides notes on welding gauge.\r\n\r\nAfter welding the welds are inspected for size and shape by means of welding gauges. These are metal plates or high gauge-sheets with cuts corresponding to the cross-section of a given size and type of weld.\r\n\r\nwelding gauges\r\n\r\nAnother gauge, simple in design, is shown in Fig. to measure the throat thickness of a fillet weld. The throat thickness readings are shown on the curving line of the gauge. The gauge is held as shown in the figure until a point of curve in the gauges touches the centre of the face of the weld and the curve of the gauge also rests against two sides making the Tee-joint.\r\n\r\nRead Also:\u00a07 Most Common Defects In Welding and its causes\r\n\r\nwelding gauges 2\r\n\r\nAt B, throat thickness of the fillet weld is 5-6 mm which is a point on the gauge touching the centre of the face of the weld.\r\n\r\ntypes of gauges for welding\r\n\r\nOn each gauge numerals are punched indicating the thickness of the work in millimeters for butt welds, and the leg in millimeters for fillet welds. As such, it is difficult to keep the size of a weld within accurate limits\u2014each gauge has cuts for the maximum and minimum size of a given weld. A set of gauges for the most commonly used weld sizes (6-14 mm) is clamped by a ring or a bolt (Fig. ).\r\n\r\nRead Also:\u00a0Brazing vs Welding- Difference Between Brazing and Welding\r\nTypes of Welding gauges :\r\n\r\n \tWelding Inspection Ruler WG 01\r\n \tUniversal welding gauge WG 2\r\n \tWelding gauge WG3\r\n \tDigital welding gage WG3 Digital\r\n \tHI-LO Welding Gage (WG4)\r\n \tEconomy Single Purpose Hi-Lo Welding Gage\r\n \tWelding gage WG5\r\n \tAutomatic Weld Size Weld Gauge WG7\r\n \tBridge Cam Gage\r\n \tAdjustable Fillet Weld Gage WG8\r\n \tPipe Pit Gage WG10\r\n \tSkew-T Fillet Weld Gauge WG12\r\n \t\"V-WAC\" Single Weld Gage\r\n \tPocket Bridge Cam Gauge","headline":"Welding Inspection Tools &#8211; Types Of Welding gauges","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/welding-gauges-300x259.jpg","height":259,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/carbon-arc-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/carbon-arc-welding-300x172.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Carbon arc Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/carbon-arc-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Carbon arc Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Carbon arc Welding - Advantages and Disadvantages
What is Carbon Arc Welding Process :  Carbon arc welding is one of the oldest welding techniques that are still in use today.
 The process of...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/carbon-arc-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Carbon arc Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Carbon arc Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/carbon-arc-welding-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Carbon arc Welding - Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nWhat is Carbon Arc Welding Process :\r\n\r\n \tCarbon arc welding is one of the oldest welding techniques that are still in use today.\r\n \tThe process of carbon arc welding uses low voltage, high amp electricity to heat the metal once an arc is formed between a carbon electrode and the piece being welded; if an arc is formed between two carbon electrodes that technique is known as a twin-carbon arc.\r\n \tThe technique of single-carbon arc welding uses a direct current power supply which if required, filler rod may be used in Carbon Arc Welding. End of the rod is held in the arc zone. The molten rod material is supplied to the weld pool.\r\n \tShields (neutral gas, flux) may be used for weld pool protection depending on type of welded metal. is connected using a straight polarity.\r\n\r\n carbon arc welding\r\nPrinciple and Working Of Carbon Arc Welding\u00a0\r\nIn carbon arc welding, the arc heat between the carbon electrode and the work melts the base metal and, when required, also melts the filler rod. As the molten metal solidifies, a weld is produced. The non-consumable graphite electrode erodes rapidly and, in disintegrating, produces a shielding atmosphere of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gas. These gases partially displace air from the arc atmosphere and prohibit the oxygen and nitrogen from coming in contact with molten metal. Filler metal, when used, is of the same composition as the base metal. Bronze filler metal can be used for brazing and braze welding.\r\n\r\nThe workpieces must be free from grease, oil, scale, paint, and other foreign matter. The two pieces should be clamped tightly together with no root opening. They may be tack welded together.\r\n\r\nCarbon electrodes 1\/8 to 5\/16 in. (3.2 to 7.9 mm) in diameter may be used, depending upon the current required for welding. The end of the electrode should be prepared with a long taper to a point. The diameter of the point should be about half that of the electrode. For steel, the electrode should protrude about 4.0 to 5.0 in. (101.6 to 127.0 mm) from the electrode holder.\r\n\r\nA carbon arc may be struck by bringing the tip of the electrode into contact with the work and immediately withdrawing it to the correct length for welding. In general, an arc length between 1\/4 and 3\/8 in. (6.4 and 9.5 mm) is best. If the arc length is too short, there is likely to be excessive carburization of the molten metal resulting in a brittle weld.\r\n\r\nWhen the arc is broken for any reason, it should not be restarted directly upon the hot weld metal. This could cause a hard spot in the weld at the point of contact. The arc should be started on cold metal to one side of the joint, and then quickly returned to the point where welding is to be resumed.\r\n\r\nWhen the joint requires filler metal, the welding rod is fed into the molten weld pool with one hand while the arc is manipulated with the other. The arc is directed on the surface of the work and gradually moved along the joint, constantly maintaining a molten pool into which the welding rod is added in the same manner as in gas tungsten arc welding. Progress along the weld joint and the addition of a welding rod must be timed to provide the size and shape of weld bead desired. Welding vertically or overhead with the carbon arc is difficult because carbon arc welding is essentially a puddling process. The weld joint should be backed up, especially in the case of thin sheets, to support the molten weld pools and prevent excessive melt-thru.\r\n\r\nFor outside corner welds in 14 to 18 gauge steel sheet, the carbon arc can be used to weld the two sheets together without a filler metal. Such welds are usually smother and more economical to make than shielded metal arc welds made under similar conditions.\r\n\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n \tLow cost of equipment and welding operation;\r\n \tHigh level of operator skill is not required;\r\n \tThe process is easily automated;\r\n \tLow distortion of work piece.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages:\r\n\r\n \tUnstable quality of the weld (porosity);\r\n \tCarbon of electrode contaminates weld material with carbides.","headline":"Carbon arc Welding &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/carbon-arc-welding-300x172.jpg","height":172,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-overrunning-clutch-or-freewheel-used-in-automobiles/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Overrunning-Clutch-300x95.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-overrunning-clutch-or-freewheel-used-in-automobiles/">What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles
What is Overrunning Clutch Or Freewheel :
Overrunning clutches, sometimes called freewheel clutches, are used to freewheel in one...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-overrunning-clutch-or-freewheel-used-in-automobiles/" aria-label="View Post: What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-overrunning-clutch-or-freewheel-used-in-automobiles\/","articleBody":"What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles\r\nWhat is Overrunning Clutch Or Freewheel :\r\nOverrunning clutches, sometimes called freewheel clutches, are used to freewheel in one direction while driving in another direction of rotation. When the driven shaft is rotating faster than the driveshaft, the clutch mechanically disconnects the driveshaft from the driven shaft.\r\n\r\nA freewheel or overrunning clutch is a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft. An overdrive is sometimes mistakenly called a freewheel, but is otherwise unrelated.\r\n\r\nThe condition of a driven shaft spinning faster than its driveshaft exists in most bicycles when the rider stops pedaling. In a fixed-gear bicycle, without a freewheel, the rear wheel drives the pedals around.\r\n\r\nConstruction Of Freewheel :\u00a0\r\n\r\nThe simplest freewheel device consists of two saw-toothed, spring-loaded discs pressing against each other with the toothed sides together, somewhat like a ratchet. Rotating in one direction, the saw teeth of the drive disc lock with the teeth of the driven disc, making it rotate at the same speed. If the drive disc slows down or stops rotating, the teeth of the driven disc slip over the drive disc teeth and continue rotating, producing a characteristic clicking sound proportionate to the speed difference of the driven gear relative to that of the (slower) driving gear.\r\n\r\nA more sophisticated and rugged design has spring-loaded steel rollers inside a driven cylinder. Rotating in one direction, the rollers lock with the cylinder making it rotate in unison. Rotating slower, or in the other direction, the steel rollers just slip inside the cylinder.\r\n\r\nMost bicycle freewheels use an internally step-toothed drum with two or more spring-loaded, hardened steel pawls to transmit the load. More pawls help spread the wear and give greater reliability although, unless the device is made to tolerances not normally found in bicycle components, simultaneous engagement of more than two pawls is rarely achieved.\r\n\r\nOverrunning Clutch\r\n\r\nOverrunning clutches are used to prevent a reverse transmission of motion in a kinematic loop, such as motion from the driving wheel of a bicycle to the pedals.\r\n\r\nThey are used to convert a rocking motion to a rotary motion, for instance, in the pulse type of continuously variable transmissions, or to impart to a slowly rotating shaft a faster rotation in the same direction, as, for example, in mechanisms for high-speed shifting in metal cutting machines.\r\n\r\nOther applications include winding mechanisms and arresting devices, where reverse shaft rotation must be prevented.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of Freewheel :\r\n\r\n \tA freewheel also produces slightly better fuel economy on carbureted engines (without fuel turn-off on engine brake) and less wear on the manual clutch, but leads to more wear on the brakes as there is no longer any ability to perform engine braking. This may make freewheel transmissions dangerous for use on trucks and automobiles driven in mountainous regions, as prolonged and continuous application of brakes to limit vehicle speed soon leads to brake-system overheating followed shortly by total failure.\r\n \tBy its nature, a freewheel mechanism acts as an automatic clutch, making it possible to change gears in a manual gearbox, either up- or downshifting, without depressing the clutch pedal, limiting the use of the manual clutch to starting from standstill or stopping. The Saab freewheel can be engaged or disengaged by the driver by respectively pushing or pulling a lever. This locks or unlocks the main shaft with the freewheel hub.\r\n\r\nApplication of Freewheel :\r\n\r\nThey are used in heavy-duty applications, such as agriculture, mining, aerospace, industrial metal processing, indexing, and more. They are often used when backstops, multiple-speed, dual- and one-way drives are required.","headline":"What is Overrunning Clutch or Freewheel used in Automobiles","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Overrunning-Clutch-300x95.jpg","height":95,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-variable-compression-ratio-engine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/vcr-engine-201x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-variable-compression-ratio-engine/">Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine
What is Variable Compression Ratio Engine  The variable compression engine means that the compression ratio of the engine can be controlled at each...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-variable-compression-ratio-engine/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-variable-compression-ratio-engine\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine\r\nWhat is\u00a0Variable Compression Ratio Engine\r\n\r\nThe variable compression engine means that the compression ratio of the engine can be controlled at each engine operation condition. When the more power of engine is needed during high load, the compression ratio is decreased, and when the higher efficiency is needed during low load, the compression ratio is increased. Under full load conditions, the performance and efficiency of an engine with a compression ratio that is adapted to load demands is capable of reducing knock susceptibility. In addition, the risk of pre-ignition, mega-knocking effects and engine jerking, as the result of retarded combustion phases, can be reduced.\r\nThe VCR also provides further potential to control the exhaust gas temperature, contributing to protecting component temperatures. A VCR Engine performance, efficiency, engine can continuously varies the compression ratio by changing the combustion chamber volume.\r\n\r\n \tThe Variable Compression Ratio Engine can operate at different compression ratios, depending on the particular performance needs of the vehicle.\r\n \tThe VCR technology was introduced to increase fuel efficiency under varying loads since conventional gasoline engines due to their fixed compression ratios did not achieve fuel efficiency at low power operations.\r\n \tVCR engine operates at high compression for low power levels to enable fuel efficiency benefits and operates at low compression for high power levels to prevent knock.\r\n \tVCR can be obtained by altering the clearance volume or both the clearance and swept volume.\r\n \tThe usual size of VCR engine is small, about one-third the displacement volume of a conventional gasoline engine to further improve the engine\u2019s fuel economy.\r\n\r\nNECESSITY OF VCR:-\r\nThe present challenge in automotive engine technology is the improvement of thermal efficiency and hence the fuel economy and lower emission levels. Compression ratio is the key features which affect thermal efficiency of engine, the formula for air standard cycle efficiency is\r\n\u03b7=1\u2212 (1\/r) k\u22121\r\n\r\nHigher compression ratio results in higher thermal efficiency and improved fuel economy in the internal combustion engine. Generally, the operating conditions vary widely, such as stop and go city traffic, highway motoring at constant speed, or high speed freeway driving. In a conventional SI, the maximum compression ratio is set by the conditions in the cylinder at high load, when the fuel when the fuel and air consumption are at maximum levels. If the compression ratio is higher than the designed limit, the fuel will pre-ignite causing knocking, which could damage the engine. Unfortunately, most of the time SI engines in city driving conditions operate at relatively low power levels under slow accelerations, low speeds, or light loads, which lead to low thermal efficiency and hence higher fuel consumption. As the engine load decreases, the temperature in the end on thermal efficiency is compression ratio and air\u2013fuel mixture strength. The fuel\u2013air cycle Efficiency gas drops, so that high compression ratio could be employed without the risk of knocking in naturally aspirated or boosted engines. Raising the compression ratio from 8 to 14 produces an efficiency gain from 50 to 65 per cent (15%), whereas going from 16 to 20 produces a gain from 67 to 70 %.\r\n\r\nVarious Methods used for VCR Concepts :\r\n\r\n \tA very new and efficient method is slidable piston head and cylinder.\r\n \tVariation Of Combustion chamber volume.\r\n \tVariation of piston deck height.\r\n \tModification Of Connecting rod Geometry\r\n \tMoving the crankpin within the crankshaft.\r\n \tMoving the crankshaft axis.\r\n \tTraverse type Mechanism.\r\n\r\nMOVING THE CRANKSHAFT AXIS\r\nIn this method a crankshaft bearings are carried in an eccentrically mounted carrier that can rotate to raise or lower the top dead centre (TDC) positions of the pistons in the cylinders. The compression ratio is adjustable by varying the rotation of the eccentric carrier.\r\n\r\n vcr engine\r\n\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n \tHigh efficiency for lower levels of engine power\r\n \tFavourable burn rate which permits use of lean burn technology\r\n \tHigh compression ratio at low loads gives good starting and idling performance\r\n \tVCR engine is compact and has good multifuel capability\r\n \tHigher power to weight ratio\r\n \tLower thermal and structural loads\r\n \tProduces very less low frequency noise","headline":"Seminar On Variable Compression Ratio Engine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/vcr-engine-201x300.jpg","height":300,"width":201},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/air-injection-system-diagram-working-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/air-injection-system-diagram-working-300x197.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Air Injection System &#8211; Diagram , Working , Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/air-injection-system-diagram-working-advantages/">Air Injection System &#8211; Diagram , Working , Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Air Injection System - Diagram , Working , Advantages
Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine.  Functional objectives for fuel injection systems vary...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/air-injection-system-diagram-working-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Air Injection System &#8211; Diagram , Working , Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Air Injection System &#8211; Diagram , Working , Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/air-injection-system-diagram-working-advantages\/","articleBody":"Air Injection System - Diagram , Working , Advantages\r\nFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine.\r\n\r\nFunctional objectives for fuel injection systems vary but all of them share the central task of supplying fuel to the combustion process. There are several competing objectives such as:\r\n\r\nPower output, fuel emission, emissions performance, reliability, smooth operation, initial cost, maintenance cost.\r\n\r\nRequirements of fuel injection system are:\r\n\r\ni) Accurate metering of the fuel injected per cycle: The quantity of the fuel metered should vary to met changing speed and load requirements of the engine\r\n\r\nii) Timing the injection of the fuel correctly in the cycle: to obtain maximum power ensuring fuel economy and clean burning.\r\n\r\niii) Proper control of rate of injection: The desired heat - release pattern is achieved during combustion.\r\n\r\niv) Proper atomization of fuel into very fine droplets.\r\n\r\nv) Proper spray pattern to ensure rapid mixing of fuel and air.\r\n\r\nvi) Uniform distribution of fuel droplets throughout the combustion chamber.\r\n\r\nAir injection system:\r\n\r\n It was first developed by Rudolf Diesel. The arrangement of the system is shown in fig\u00a0 In this system, air and fuel both are injected into the cylinder during the supply of fuel. The required pressure of the air for injecting the fuel is about 70 bar or higher.\r\n\r\nA fuel pump is driven by the engine itself. (A cam shaft operates the fuel pump through a cam and power required to rotate the cam shaft is taken from main shaft of the engine with the help of gears and discharge a definite quantity of fuel into the injection valve as shown in fig. 3A.1 the injection valve is mechanically opened and high pressure air drives the fuel charge and some air into the combustion chamber. The amount of fuel delivered is under the control of oil pump suction valve, which is operated by a governor. The air pressure is raised to about 70 bar by a three stage compressor (as shown in fig ) providing intercooling. The compressor is also operated by the engine. The high pressure air projects the fuel into the combustion chamber and atomizes it.\r\n\r\nThis type of system rarely used now days in diesel engines.\r\n\r\n air injection system diagram working\r\n\r\nThe advantages and disadvantages of this system listed below:\r\n\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n \tIt provides better atomization and distribution of fuel.\r\n \tAs the combustion is more complete, the BMEP is higher than with other types of injection systems.\r\n \tIt allows to use inferior fuels.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages:\r\n\r\n \tIt requires complicated mechanism to run the compressor\r\n \tThe weight of the engine increases.\r\n \tPart of the power is used to drive the compressor and so the B.H.P. of the engine is reduced.","headline":"Air Injection System &#8211; Diagram , Working , Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2019-01-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/air-injection-system-diagram-working-300x197.png","height":197,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=140">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=139"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>139</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=140"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>140</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>141</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=142"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>142</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=143"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>143</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=142">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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