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How it is used in CAE  Application</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-hyperworks-how-it-is-used-in-cae-application/">What is Hyperworks &#8211; How it is used in CAE  Application</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Hyperworks - How it is used in CAE Application
What is HyperWorks ?
Hyperworks - Hyperworks is a complete CAE software made by Altair engineering. It consists all the modules of CAE i.e....</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-hyperworks-how-it-is-used-in-cae-application/" aria-label="View Post: What is Hyperworks &#8211; How it is used in CAE  Application">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Hyperworks &#8211; How it is used in CAE  Application","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-hyperworks-how-it-is-used-in-cae-application\/","articleBody":"What is Hyperworks - How it is used in CAE Application\r\nWhat is HyperWorks ?\r\nHyperworks\u00a0- Hyperworks is a complete CAE software made by Altair engineering. It consists all the modules of CAE i.e. modelling, meshing, solver. It is a complete package of finite element procedure. Preprocessing, Solving and Postprocessing can be done using Hyperworks. Here are the products offered under Hyperworks.\r\nThe principal product offerings from Altair's\u00a0Commercial Software\u00a0division is its HyperWorks line of software, including:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tOptiStruct - Structural Analysis Solver (linear and non-linear); solution for structural design and optimization\r\n \tRADIOSS\u00a0- Structural Analysis Solver (highly non-linear problems under dynamic loadings); an industry standard for automotive crash and impact analysis\r\n \tMotionView - Solver-neutral Multi-body Pre-processor\r\n \tMotionSolve - Multi-body Solver; an integrated solution to analyze and optimize multi-body system performance\r\n \tHyperXtrude - Metal &amp; Polymer Extrusion Solver; an advanced solver for manufacturing process simulations and validations\r\n \tHyperForm - Metal Forming Solver\r\n \tHyperMesh, HyperCrash, Simlab, HyperView, HyperGraph - CAE Pre &amp; Post Processing\r\n \tHyperStudy - Design of Experiments and Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization\r\n \tHyperMath - Mathematical Analysis Environment\r\n \tAcuSolve - General-purpose Finite Element Based CFD Solver\r\n \tFEKO\u00a0- 3D Electromagnetic Solver\r\n\r\nHyperworks is complete package solutions of CAE offered by ALTAIR Engineering. The package includes pre-processor,post processor, solver. Hyperworks package includes softwares like\r\n\r\n \tHypermesh\r\n \thyperview\r\n \thypergraph\r\n \thyperextrude\r\n \thyperform\r\n \toptistruct\r\n \tradioss\r\n \tfeko\r\n \tsimlab\r\n \tmotion solve\/motion view -MBD\r\n \thyperweld\r\n\r\nThe above all software's is a complete package which is called as hyperworks suite.\r\n\r\n\r\nWhat is the use of HyperMesh ?\r\nHypermesh is a CAE software which comes in after a model has been developed in any CAD software. One should know it is an integral part of PLM (Product life cycle management) where the focus is to prepare the model to see how should it behave in a real life environment or simulation in other words. Now cae software's are three types mainly preprocessing, solving, postprocessing. Hypermesh is a preprocessing software where you divide the model into no. Of elements and nodes for a solver to apply the mathematical functions on it. If you read FEM OR FEA you would know the underlying theory behind the practice. Preproceesing is generally used to 'mesh' the model. See the image below an example of a gear being meshed. The green coloured elements are the region where contact has been defined which means it is in contact with other components for a solver to know about the simulation.","headline":"What is Hyperworks &#8211; How it is used in CAE  Application","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-11-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/what-is-hypermesh-268x300.jpg","height":300,"width":268},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-voice-activated-robotic-arm-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Voice-Activated-Robotic-Arm-300x160.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-voice-activated-robotic-arm-mechanical-project/">Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm - Mechanical Project
Abstract - The aim of the project is to design and fabricate the voice activated robotic arm. The voice activated robotic...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-voice-activated-robotic-arm-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-voice-activated-robotic-arm-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm - Mechanical Project\r\nAbstract - The aim of the project is to design and fabricate the voice activated robotic arm. The voice activated robotic arm is a robotic arm that works by means of the voice recognition mechanism. The Robotic arm obeys the voice commands and it works accordingly. A suitable microcontroller must be selected in order to accomaplish the task.The fabrication is done by using the arduino microcontroller incorporating the speech module. Designing will be done by using CATIA software. The project work will be beneficial to the handicapped persons, who are unable to move their hands. The voice activation is one of the advanced technologies. The fabrication is done by the incorporating a microcontroller along with a speech module. The received voice is identified and the voice signals are quantified, sampled and the discretization process take place. Hence the noise signals are rectified by the sampling process. The voice commands are processed and it is converted to text commands. The stepper motor and other devices works based on the voice signals and the text commands.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nThe robotic arm is a prototype, similar to the human arm. It is commonly controlled by the computer programs. A robotic arm consists of links and joints which is controlled by the actuators like servo motors and gears. The arm may be the sum total of the mechanism or may be part of a more complex robot. The links of such a manipulator are connected by joints allowing either rotational motion (such as in an articulated robot) or translational (linear) displacement. The links of the manipulator can be considered to form a kinematic chain. The terminus of the kinematic chain of the manipulator is called the end effectors and it is analogous to the human hand. The robotic arm will be having a robotic hand at the end for performing certain task according to the situations. The common task of the robotic end effector include grasping, welding ,detecting etc.\r\nIn this project, the concept of voice actuation is introduced .The robotic arm works according to the voice commands. Voice comes under the field of artificial intelligence. In this project designing and fabrication of the 4 degrees of freedom robotic arm will be done.\r\n\r\n Speech Recognition\r\nVoice actuation is one of the artificial intelligence techniques used in the robotics. In robotics speech recognition is the\u00a0transformation of the voice signals in to the text commands. The process by which the machine identifies the words is speech recognition. Speech recognition is the method by which a device or controller (or any type of arrangement) identifies the verbal words. It simply means ordering to device and it exactly recognizes the voice instruction given.\r\nSpeech Recognition is an ability of computer software program or hardware mechanism to decode the human command into digitized speech that can be interpreted by the computer or hardware device. Voice recognition is commonly used to operate a device, perform commands, or\r\nto command robot to pick items or to do a certain work.\r\n\r\nThere are 2 important steps in speech recognition.\r\n1) Recognize the sound excluding the noise and\r\n2) Identifying the words from that sound.\r\n\r\nThe speech recognition technique also depends on the parameters like the speaking mode, language and the style of speaking. In this proposed project a speech recognition hardware module will be installed to accomplish the task. The main objective of speech recognition technique is to interpret a phrase or words by using the microphone and transform it in to the text commands.\r\n\r\nTHEORY\r\nSpeech Recognizers (SR) can be used to facilitate communication between humans and machines. Speechbased, human-machine interaction is demonstrated in several everyday applications. SR systems have been designed for different applications, in many areas, under a\u00a0combination of restrictions, such as specific language and vocabulary, speaker dependency, noise-free environments and low talking rates, with excellent results. Software analysis, designing and implementation are the basic steps required to develop the theoretical system. Based\r\nupon this analysis a hardware model is developed, which first recognize the voice or command and then with the help of microcontroller based embedded system, movement of motor driven robotic arm is controlled.\r\nComplete analysis is divided into two, software and hardware for the implementation. In the first step, the designing is carried out using computer package (CATIA\/ANSYS). Second step is to fabricate the hardware of the prototype of the motor driven robotic arm. After completion, the system was tested on the different loads. Durability of the system was checked for respective loads.\r\n\r\n Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm\r\n\r\nArduino Microcontroller\r\nThe Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input\/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC\u00a0adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards, in that it does not use the FTDI USB-toserial driver chip.\r\n\r\n LCD Display Unit\r\nA liquid crystal display (LCD) is an electro-optical amplitude modulator realized as a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is often utilized in battery powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power. The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller has to manipulate several interface pins at once to control the display.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Voice Activated Robotic Arm &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-11-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Voice-Activated-Robotic-Arm-300x160.jpg","height":160,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-on-hydrogen-engine-water-fuel-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/hydrogen-engine-274x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-on-hydrogen-engine-water-fuel-mechanical-project/">Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) - Mechanical Project
ABSTRACT
A hydrogen vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power. The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-on-hydrogen-engine-water-fuel-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-on-hydrogen-engine-water-fuel-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) - Mechanical Project\r\nABSTRACT\r\nA hydrogen vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power. The term may refer to a personal transportation vehicle, such as an automobile, or any other vehicle that uses hydrogen in a similar fashion, such as an aircraft. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. The widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key element of a proposed economy. Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth, and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver cost low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nMany companies are working to develop technologies that might efficiently exploit the potential of hydrogen energy for mobile users. The attraction of using hydrogen as an energy currency is that, if hydrogen is prepared without using fossil fuel inputs, vehicle propulsion would not contribute to carbon dioxide emissions. The drawbacks of hydrogen use are low energy content per unit volume, high tank age weights, the storage, transportation and filling of gaseous or liquid hydrogen in vehicles, the large investment in infrastructure that would be required to fuel vehicles and the inefficiency of production processes. Buses, trains, PHB bicycles, canal boats, cargo bikes, golf carts, motorcycles, wheelchairs, ships, airplanes, submarines, and rockets can already run on hydrogen, in various forms. NASA uses hydrogen to launch Space Shuttles into space. There is even a working toy model car that runs on solar power, using a regenerative fuel cell to store energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen gas. It can then convert the fuel back into water to release the solar energy. The current land speed record for a hydrogen-powered vehicle is 286.476 mph (461.038 km\/h) set by Ohio State University's Buckeye Bullet 2, which achieved a \"flying-mile\" speed of 280.007 mph (450.628 km\/h) at the Bonneville Salt Flats in August 2008. For production-style vehicles, the current record for a hydrogen-powered vehicle is 333.38 km\/h (207.2 mph) set by a prototype Ford Fusion Hydrogen 999 Fuel Cell Race Car at Bonneville Salt Flats in Wend over, Utah in August 2007. It was accompanied by a large compressed oxygen tank to increase power. Honda has also created a concept called the FC Sport, which may be able to beat that record if put into production.\r\nHydrogen fuel\r\nHydrogen fuel In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) and heat. It does not produce other chemical by-products, except for a small amount of nitrogen oxides. Hence a key feature of hydrogen as a fuel is that it is relatively non-polluting (since water is not a pollutant). Pure hydrogen does not occur naturally; it takes energy to manufacture it. Once manufactured it is an energy carrier (i.e. a store for energy first generated by other means). The energy is eventually delivered as heat when the hydrogen is burned. The heat in a hydrogen flame is a radiant emission from the newly formed water molecules. The water molecules are in an excited state of initial formation and then transition to a ground state, the transition unleashing thermal radiation. When burning in air, the temperature is roughly 2000\u00b0C. Hydrogen fuel can provide motive power for cars, boats and aero planes, portable fuel cell applications or stationary fuel cell applications, which can power an electric motor. The current leading technology for producing hydrogen in large quantities is steam reforming of methane gas (CH4). Other methods are discussed in the Hydrogen Production article. Primarily because hydrogen fuel can be environmentally friendly, there are advocates for its more widespread use. At present, however, there is not a sufficient technical and economic infrastructure to support widespread use. The proposed creation of such an infrastructure is referred to as the hydrogen economy.\r\nHydrogen vehicle\r\n A hydrogen vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses hydrogen as its on-board fuel for motive power. The term may refer to a personal transportation vehicle, such as an automobile, or any other vehicle that uses hydrogen in a similar fashion, such as an aircraft. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. The widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key element of a proposed hydrogen economy. Hydrogen fuel does not occur naturally on Earth, and thus is not an energy source, but is an energy carrier. Currently it is most frequently made from methane or other fossil fuels. However, it can be produced from a wide range of sources (such as wind, solar, or nuclear) that are intermittent, too diffuse or too cumbersome to directly propel vehicles. Integrated wind-to-hydrogen plants, using electrolysis of water, are exploring technologies to deliver cost low enough, and quantities great enough, to compete with traditional energy sources. Many companies are working to develop technologies that might efficiently exploit the potential of hydrogen energy for mobile users. The attraction of using hydrogen as an energy currency is that, if hydrogen is prepared without using fossil fuel inputs, vehicle propulsion would not contribute to carbon dioxide emissions.\r\n\r\nEngine theory and hydrogen engine design \r\n\r\nAfter becoming familiar with the physical characteristics of hydrogen, the engine criteria can be focused on. The initial goal was to design and develop a working hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine without extraordinary modifications. This chapter will discuss basic engine theory with a description and specifications of the engine used in this research. Before an engine is selected, designed, and built some engine theory is important to know. Most engines used in automobiles are known as four stroke engines. The four-stroke cycle means that each cylinder requires four strokes of its piston, or two crankshaft revolutions. \r\n\r\nDescriptions of the four strokes are as follows.\r\n\r\nIntake Stroke - On the intake stroke the piston moves from the top to the bottom of the cylinder. The intake valve is open creating a constant pressure increase in volume. The air\/fuel mixture is pulled into the combustion chamber.\r\n\r\nCompression Stroke - During the compression stroke, both intake and exhaust valves are closed and the piston is driven up the cylinder. As the piston moves upward the air\/fuel mixture is compressed and the pressure in the cylinder increases. Toward the end of the stroke the sparks plug fires giving enough energy to ignite the air\/fuel mixture.\r\n\r\nExpansion Stroke, or Power Stroke - As a result of the air\/fuel mixture ignited the piston is pushed downward by the flame front causing the crankshaft to rotate. An increase in volume is experienced.\r\n\r\nExhaust Stroke - On the piston's way back up the cylinder, the exhaust valve is open while the intake valve is closed. The burnt gases are pushed out of the cylinder and the process is ready to begin again. Figure shows the Schematic view of Hydrogen engine (Two wheeler).\r\n\r\n hydrogen engine\r\n\r\nAdvantages and disadvantages\r\n\r\n \tHydrogen cars are beneficial for the environment in a number of ways. For example, they do not emit greenhouse gases that are harmful to the welfare of the ecosystem.\r\n \tThese cars are much more fuel efficient than gasoline vehicles, and let out less pollution overall. However, there are many drawbacks to using hydrogen-powered vehicles, though scientists are working to eliminate these downsides.\r\n\r\nDownload and Reference :\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel)","headline":"Design and Fabrication on Hydrogen engine (Water fuel) &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-11-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/hydrogen-engine-274x300.jpg","height":300,"width":274},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-semi-automatic-road-reflector-stud-installation-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Semi-Automatic-Road-Reflector-Stud-Installation-Machine-300x160.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-semi-automatic-road-reflector-stud-installation-machine/">Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine
ABSTRACT:  Automation is an essential component nowadays to eliminate the requirements of labour in any...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-semi-automatic-road-reflector-stud-installation-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-semi-automatic-road-reflector-stud-installation-machine\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine\r\nABSTRACT: \r\n\r\nAutomation is an essential component nowadays to eliminate the requirements of labour in any industries. Road reflector stud is the important component that mainly prevents the major accidents during night time. But, Manual road reflector stud installation adds up to the major challenge of labour shortage in public work departments. Moreover the manual process is time consuming and not suitable for large volume installations in the roads. The main objective of this work is to design a semi-automated machine for the installation of road reflector studs. The conventional method employs four different processes includes drilling of hole on to the roads, pouring of epoxy resin, placing and stamping of studs, all these process done one back another manually. The present work consists of four stations to do these four processes and employs simple station transfer mechanism. Pneumatic power is fruitfully utilized in this project and the system is controlled by a microcontroller. This paper brings out the detail design procedure, hand calculations, fabrication procedure and system assembly of the machine.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION \r\n\r\nIn today\u2019s world increase in urbanization demands a large volume of road construction projects to maintain good communication between cities. This change is accompanied by number of road safety systems and one such system is the road reflector studs, commonly called as Cat\u2019s eye . Road studs are retro reflective markers on the road surface to supplement longitudinal road markings, aiding visibility at night. Road studs have a retro reflective surface which reflects the light from vehicle headlights providing drivers with effective lane delineation, particularly during the hours of darkness and in adverse weather conditions.It has been reported that with the introduction of cat\u2019s eye, road accidents are reduced by a large number. There is no current system that is being tried for automating the installation of the reflector studs on to the roads and manual effort is fully utilized for it. In recent years Public Works Department faces acute labour shortage problems and road stud installation adds up to it. Also manual installation consumes more time and are not efficient. This paper aims to design and fabricate a semi-automated machine for the installation of road reflector studs. This system once developed into a real time model will have the key to shape the future of road construction and safety and greatly reduces the relying of construction field on man power.\r\n\r\nWORKING\r\n\r\nThe road studs are initially stacked in to the hopper . Once the machine is placed on the desired location and switched on, the four processes included in the road stud installation are carried out sequentially. On the first station a hole is drilled on the road for the depth of the stud\u2019s leg. This can be achieved by a driller setup and lead screw arrangement. Provision of blower setup from the compressor ensures clearing the hole of sand and stone particles. The motor used here is of high torque enough to withstand the back pressure exerted while drilling on the road. Stability of the setup can be maintained while drilling with the help of pneumatic stability legs as seen in earthmovers. Once the drilling is completed the base motor rotates for 90 degrees and the pouring of epoxy resin in to the hole is carried out in this station. Epoxy resin is highly adhesive in nature which firmly fixes the road studs on to the roads and are not affected by any atmospheric conditions like sun\u2019s heat. On another 90 degree rotation the 3rd station starts to do its job. Here from the hopper one stud is made to fit into the hole with the help of a pneumatic cylinder. Once this is accurately done with the provision of proper guide ways, in the next station a pneumatic cylinder stamps the stud that tightly fits them on to the roads. The entire sequence is controlled by a microcontroller and it is programmed such that . With the availability of small sized portable compressors and battery power supply adds the features of less weight and low cost to this machine.\r\n\r\nDesign Calculations \r\n\r\nThe design calculations utilized for the present work is reported in this section.\r\n\r\nSelection of Pneumatic Cylinders is given \r\n\r\n \tbelow Stroke Length - 200mm\r\n \tDia of the cylinder - 400mm\r\n \tOperating pressure - 4 to 10 bar\r\n \tDia of the rod - 200 mm\r\n \tForce Calculations are based on the following values and it will be around 880N.\r\n \tPressure = 700 kPa (assuming)\r\n \tCylinder Diameter = 40 mm\r\n\r\nMechanical Section \r\n\r\nProduct Design is the most important stage which is iterative and complex in nature till the visualization comes into real picture. This machine is designed using Pro-E creo software. Initially the part drawings are made to the dimension specified and then the parts are assembled as shown in Fig. Once the design meets the requirement, the real time setup is fabricated. For the body making steel L angles of size 1\u2019\u2019 is used. They are cut in to specific dimensions and are arc welded. The motors and cylinders are screwed or fastened in appropriate places, motors are coupled to the shafts held in bearings. The entire rotating setup is laid over a base attached with wheels. The fabricated real time setup is shown in Fig.\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine\r\n\r\nDownload and reference :\u00a0\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Semi-Automatic Road Reflector Stud Installation Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-10-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Semi-Automatic-Road-Reflector-Stud-Installation-Machine-300x160.jpg","height":160,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-of-a-power-saving-industrial-conveyor-system/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Design-of-a-Power-Saving-Industrial-Conveyor-System-Mechanical-Project--271x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-of-a-power-saving-industrial-conveyor-system/">Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System - Mechanical Project 
Abstract—  This paper looked at the design of a power saving conveyor system which involves sizing, selection and cost...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-of-a-power-saving-industrial-conveyor-system/" aria-label="View Post: Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-of-a-power-saving-industrial-conveyor-system\/","articleBody":"Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System - Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\nAbstract\u2014 \r\n\r\nThis paper looked at the design of a power saving conveyor system which involves sizing, selection and cost benefit analysis of its installation. This paper focuses on factors that cause high belt power consumption and costs which are high starting torque and more operating hours hence there is design of drive control system consisting of soft starters and variable speed drives to reduce starting torque and load detecting switching system to reduce number of operating hours. The average power savings considering all the factors of reducing the system operating hours to the average of 12 hours a day and drive control system that reduces the starting power were calculated to be 47%. The annual costs of power consumption were reduced from $86212 to $40520 resulting in the payback period after investing to be 8 months. After doing cost benefit analysis it was ascertained that installation, operation and maintenance costs of the designed system are less than that occur on the initial system hence the design is worthy to install since it results in cost savings and increase in system life. The are some recommendations for the designed system which are clean ventilated environment to promote adequate cooling, belt protection against overload to avoid stops and also soft starters , variable speed drives and sensors protection against overvoltage and overcurrent so that the drive control system will not fail.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nConveyor systems are material handling mechanisms that allow quick efficient transportation of material from one point to another. Belt conveyors involve energy conversions from electrical to mechanical energy. The system had a number of benefits which promoted industry such as reducing transportation costs, move loads of all sizes and weights and safety features that prevent accidents. Although the system mentioned advantages it needs further developments such as improving efficiency and reducing energy losses and costs.\r\n\r\nDesign of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System - Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nBACKGROUND\r\nMost industrial conveyor systems have continuous operation without stopping for the reason of avoiding high power consumption during starting and stoppage of the system. High starting power will result high starting torque and shock loads giving rise to problems of short belt life due to more tension and also leads to more energy costs. In order to reduce these negative effects there should be a power controlling system and design of a belt with good strength qualities.\r\n\r\nPROBLEM STATEMENT\r\nHigh power wastage and belt failure due to high starting torque.\r\n\r\nAIM\r\nDesign of an automated power saving industrial conveyor system.\r\n\r\nPROJECT OBJECTIVES AND JUSTIFICATION\r\n\r\nOBJECTIVES\r\n\r\n \tDesign a system that start the conveyor belt at low power consumption\r\n \tIncrease conveyor system performance in terms of output torque and power\r\n \tIncrease average belt life\r\n\r\nJUSTIFICATION\r\nThis design will have significance for the industry as its goal is to reduce power consumptions thus reducing energy cost. Low power consumption and low starting torque will result in reduction in shock loads and abnormal belt tensions hence the average belt life will be increased. The system will have speed control therefore for any load the speed will be adjusted to its safe speed that matches with its power demanding. The researchers automated the system and this reduces accidents since there will be less human interference.\r\n\r\nMETHODOLOGY\r\nIndustrial visit to local industries in Zimbabwe, design and calculations using AutoCAD and Mat lab software are used.\r\n\r\nTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS\r\nBelt normal speed v = 500 fpm\r\nBelt weight Wb = 17 lbs\/ft\r\nBelt length L= 2,400 ft\r\nThe belt is horizontal hence ( H )lift = 0\r\nCapacity (Q) = 3,400 tonnes per hour\r\nTroughing spacing Si = 3 Ft.\r\nBelt width = 48 inches.\r\nAmbient temperature = 60\u00b0F\r\nMaterial to be conveyed = iron ore at 150 lbs.\/cu ft. 10-in. maximum lumps\r\nDrive = lagged and grooved head pulley, 220-degree wrap\r\n\r\nDownload and Reference :\r\n\r\nDesign of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System\u00a0","headline":"Design of a Power Saving Industrial Conveyor System","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-10-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Design-of-a-Power-Saving-Industrial-Conveyor-System-Mechanical-Project--271x300.jpg","height":300,"width":271},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-process-automation-system-basic-of-pas/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/robotic-process-automation-300x115.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to what is Process automation system &#8211; Basic of PAS</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-process-automation-system-basic-of-pas/">what is Process automation system &#8211; Basic of PAS</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Process automation system - Basic of PAS
A process automation or automation system (PAS) is used to automatically control a process such as chemical, oil refineries, paper and pulp...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-process-automation-system-basic-of-pas/" aria-label="View Post: what is Process automation system &#8211; Basic of PAS">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"what is Process automation system &#8211; Basic of PAS","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-process-automation-system-basic-of-pas\/","articleBody":"What is Process automation system - Basic of PAS\r\nA process automation or automation system (PAS) is used to automatically control a process such as chemical, oil refineries, paper and pulp factories. The PAS often uses a network to interconnect sensors, controllers, operator terminals and actuators. A PAS is often based on open standards in contrast to a DCS (distributed control system), which is traditionally proprietary. However in recent times the PAS is considered to be more associated with SCADA systems.\r\n\r\nPAS is the lowest level of automation, while MES (manufacturing execution system) is considered to be directly positioned above a PAS.\r\n\r\nProcess automation involves using computer technology and software engineering to help power plants and factories in industries as diverse as paper, mining and cement operate more efficiently and safely.\r\n\r\nProcess Automation can better described as a strategy, which explains how a digital transformation software and the use of advanced technology methods, can easily help in automation of a set of company activities that usually repetitive. Companies that choose BPA aim to\u00a0optimize collaboration between resources,\u00a0reduce costs, provide transparency\u00a0and\u00a0assure compliance\u00a0of the repetitive business processes.\r\n\r\nBusiness Process Automation also helps to simplify the progress of tasks that are otherwise complex when performed manually.\r\n\r\nA suitable application of Business Process Automation helps businesses\r\n\r\n \tManage information\r\n \tSet order to its processes\r\n \tMonitor processes in real-time\r\n \tOptimize resources\r\n\r\nprocess automation\r\nProcess automation and energy efficiency\r\nFactory owners want their equipment to deliver the highest output with as little production cost as possible. In many industries including oil, gas and petrochemicals, energy costs can represent 30 to 50 percent of the total production cost.\r\n\r\nIn process automation, the computer program uses measurements to show not only how the plant is working but to simulate different operating modes and find the optimal strategy for the plant. A unique characteristic of this software is its ability to \"learn\" and predict trends, helping speed up the response time to changing conditions.\r\n\r\nThe software and controls regulate equipment to run at the optimum speed that requires the least energy. They also ensure the consistency of quality, meaning less energy is wasted producing products that turn out to be defective, and they forecast when maintenance is needed so less time and energy is spent stopping and restarting equipment for routine inspections.\r\n\r\nMajor blocks of PAS are: microprocessors, micro controllers and micro computers, multiprocessors, LANs, SCADA, RTUs (remote terminal units) and analog and digital I\/O modules","headline":"what is Process automation system &#8211; Basic of PAS","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-10-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/robotic-process-automation-300x115.jpg","height":115,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=151">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=150"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>150</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=151"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>151</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>152</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=153"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>153</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=154"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>154</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=153">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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