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Process , Advantages and Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electroless-nickel-plating-process-advantages-and-applications/">Electroless Nickel Plating &#8211; Process , Advantages and Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Electroless Nickel Plating - Process , Advantages and Applications
What is Electroless Nickel Plating :  The process of adding an electroless nickel plating to a metal surface is an autocatalytic...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electroless-nickel-plating-process-advantages-and-applications/" aria-label="View Post: Electroless Nickel Plating &#8211; Process , Advantages and Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Electroless Nickel Plating &#8211; Process , Advantages and Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electroless-nickel-plating-process-advantages-and-applications\/","articleBody":"Electroless Nickel Plating - Process , Advantages and Applications\r\nWhat is Electroless Nickel Plating :\r\n\r\nThe process of adding an electroless nickel plating to a metal surface is an autocatalytic chemical reduction. This means that instead of using an outside source of electricity like in the similar electroplating process, the electroless nickel plating process uses a chemical bath to deposit a nickel \/ phosphorous layer onto the metallic surface. A surface coated in electroless nickel can even be used on non-conductive surfaces which allows for plating of a wider variety of base materials.\u00a0This electroless process greatly improves the objects resistance to galling and leaves a predictable,\u00a0uniform nickel coating\u00a0for high-precision parts, which can be applied to both ferrous and non-ferrous surfaces of any geometry or intricate shape.\r\n\r\nElectroless nickel plating is an auto-catalytic reaction used to deposit a coating of nickel on a substrate. Unlike electroplating, it is not necessary to pass an electric current through the solution to form a deposit. This plating technique prevents corrosion and wear. Electroless nickel plating techniques can also be used to manufacture composite coatings by suspending powder in the bath. Electroless nickel plating has several advantages compared to electroplating. EN plating is free from flux-density and power supply issues and provides an even deposit regardless of workpiece geometry. With the proper pre-plate catalyst, EN plating can deposit on non-conductive surfaces.\u00a0\r\n\r\nelectroless nickel plating\r\n\r\nEN Plating Steps Process\r\n\r\n \tFirst and foremost, the surface undergoes a pretreatment process where it is cleaned with a series of chemicals to remove greases and oils. Thorough cleaning is essential in preapring the component for proper plating. Each component is meticulously cleaned based on the surface material.\r\n \tOnce cleaned, the substrate is activated with an acid etch or proprietary solution, preparing the surface for a deposit of nickel-phosphorus.\r\n \tAfter the plating has been completed the electroless nickel process renders the component more resistant to corrosion and friction.\r\n \tElectro-Coatings uses it\u2019s close to 70 years of experience and these Electroplating techniques to manufacture unique composite coatings that provide more application specific advantages.\r\n\r\nElectroless Nickel Plating Thicknesses\r\nElectroless nickel plating can be deposited at a rate of 5 microns per hour all the way up to 25 microns per hour. Since it is a continuous process that builds on itself the thickness of the coating is essentially limitless. As thickness increases however, minute imperfections become more apparent.\r\n\r\nAdvantages include:\r\n\r\n \tDoes not use electrical power.\r\n \tEven coating on parts surface can be achieved.\r\n \tNo sophisticated jigs or racks are required.\r\n \tThere is flexibility in plating volume and thickness.\r\n \tThe process can plate recesses and blind holes with stable thickness.\r\n \tChemical replenishment can be monitored automatically.\r\n \tComplex filtration method is not required\r\n \tMatte, semi-bright or bright finishes can be obtained.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages include:\r\n\r\n \tLifespan of chemicals is limited.\r\n \tWaste treatment cost is high due to the speedy chemical renewal.\r\n \tPorous nature of electroless plating leads to inferior material structure compared to electrolytic processes.\r\n\r\nApplications\r\n\r\n\u00a0It is commonly used in engineering coating applications where wear resistance, hardness and corrosion protection are required. Applications include oilfield valves, rotors, drive shafts, paper handling equipment, fuel rails, optical surfaces for diamond turning, door knobs, kitchen utensils, bathroom fixtures, electrical\/mechanical tools and office equipment. It is also commonly used as a coating in electronics printed circuit board manufacturing, typically with an overlay of gold to prevent corrosion. This process is known as electroless nickel immersion gold.\r\n\r\nDue to the high hardness of the coating, it can be used to salvage worn parts. Coatings of 25 to 100 micrometers can be applied and machined back to the final dimensions. Its uniform deposition profile means it can be applied to complex components not readily suited to other hard-wearing coatings like hard chromium.","headline":"Electroless Nickel Plating &#8211; Process , Advantages and Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/electroless-nickel-plating-300x164.jpg","height":164,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/chrome-plating-process-application-advantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/hardchromium-300x170.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Chrome plating &#8211; Process , Application , Advantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/chrome-plating-process-application-advantages/">Chrome plating &#8211; Process , Application , Advantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Chrome plating - Process , Application , Advantages
What is chrome plating?
The chrome plating process is a method of applying a thin layer of chromium onto a substrate (metal or alloy)...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/chrome-plating-process-application-advantages/" aria-label="View Post: Chrome plating &#8211; Process , Application , Advantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Chrome plating &#8211; Process , Application , Advantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/chrome-plating-process-application-advantages\/","articleBody":"What is Chrome plating - Process , Application , Advantages\r\nWhat is chrome plating?\r\nThe chrome plating process is a method of applying a thin layer of chromium onto a substrate (metal or alloy) through an electroplating procedure.\r\n\r\nIn simple terms, electroplating is achieved by passing an electric current between two electrodes which are immersed in an electrolyte bath comprising of chromic acid. One of the electrodes will be the substrate which is to be plated. During the flow of electricity between the two electrodes, chromium atoms are deposited in a layer on the electrode to be plated.\r\n\r\nChromium is a metal substance that resistant to corrosive while other metal like steel are easily to corrode affected by wet air. Chromium can\u2019t be deposited from solution only chromic acid (CrO3) and water. There must be present in bath one or more acid radicals which act catalyst to bring about or aid in the cathodic deposition of chromium. The purity of chromic acid used is often not specified or established and yet the nature. The end of the process chrome will coated the surface of metal.\r\n\r\nChrome plating is not difficult covered on the part has been properly cleansed using the following requirements met:\r\n\r\n \tPreparation of the chromic acid (CrO3) solution..(Do not acquire the hydrogenated ( H3CrO4 ) chromic acid crystals)\r\n \tTemperature control of the bath (plating solution)\r\n \tPreparation of lead anodes (peroxide)\r\n \tAgitation method of the bath (bubbles)\r\n \tPlating current density control and duration (controller)\r\n \tVentilation (for safety)\r\n\r\nAll that remains is the requirement of time - so don't let the apparent complexity of the task discourages you because the results are very worthwhile, indeed.\r\n\r\nStages of Chrome Plating Process :\r\n\r\n hard chromium Process\r\n\r\nChrome plating a component typically includes these stages:\r\n\r\n \tDegreasing to remove heavy soiling\r\n \tManual cleaning to remove all residual traces of dirt and surface impurities\r\n \tVarious pretreatments depending on the substrate\r\n \tPlacement into the chrome plating vat, where it is allowed to warm to solution temperature\r\n \tApplication of plating current for the required time to attain the desired thickness\r\n \tThere are many variations to this process, depending on the type of substrate being plated. Different substrates need different etching solutions, such as hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and sulfuric acids. Ferric chloride is also popular for the etching of nimonic alloys. Sometimes the component enters the chrome plating vat while electrically live.\r\n\r\nThere are two main types of chrome plating:\r\nDecorative chrome plating. \r\n\r\nThis type employs a layer of nickel and a layer of chromium. The nickel gives the surface of the object its shine and its polished look. Once the nickel layer has been deposited, a chromium layer is added on top of it. The chromium layer helps increase the corrosion resistance of the material and also improve the resistance to scratching and wear. Decorative chrome plating usually has a total thickness under 0.001 inch.\r\n\r\nHard chrome plating. \r\n\r\nThis type is typically used in industrial settings where aesthetic appeal is not the primary concern. Hard chrome plating, while it can improve the corrosion resistance of the material to which it is applied, is primarily used to increase the wear resistance of certain components. Hard chrome plating is commonly applied to various types of steel and is almost always thicker than decorative chrome plating.\r\n\r\nHard Chrome Plating\u00a0 ( Industrial hard Chrome )\u00a0 :\u00a0\r\n\r\nHard chrome plating is an electroplating process in which chromium is deposited from a chromic acid solution. Thickness of hard chrome plating ranges from 2 to 250\u00b5m. Various types of hard chrome include micro-cracked chromium, micro-porous chromium, porous chromium and crack free chromium. It is essential that the micro-cracked and porous coatings have a minimum thickness between 80-120\u00b5m in order to confer adequate corrosion resistance. Micro-cracked chromium has a Vickers hardness of 800-1000 kg\/mm2, while crack-free chromium has Vickers hardness between 425-700 kg\/mm2. The formation of micro-porous chromium is achieved by a specialised plating method involving the use of inert suspended particles. Porous chrome plating is developed by etching electrodeposited chromium. These are designed to retain lubricant, for sliding and bearing type applications.\r\n\r\nChrome plating is used for wear and corrosion resistance in addition to its tribological (low friction) characteristics. However, there are environmental concerns associated with disposal of the plating solution. This has led to many users of chrome plating seeking alternative coating methods. One option is to replace hard chrome with high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed coatings of cermet materials such as WC\/Co (Tungsten Carbide\/Cobalt). The HVOF sprayed coatings can offer superior wear and corrosion protection.\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS OF CHROME PLATING\u00a0\r\nHard Chrome can be applied to all types of stainless steel alloys, most ferrous metals, and some nonferrous metals including copper and brass. Please contact our application engineers to discuss the feasibility of applying Hard Chrome to other metals such as aluminum.\r\n\r\n Dull Black Chrom Plating\r\n\r\nHard Chrome improves the performance of:\r\n\r\n\u2022 Piston rings &amp; valves \r\n\u2022 Tools &amp; dies \r\n\u2022 Printing wear roll surfaces\r\n\u2022 Brake discs\r\n\u2022 Auto engine, drive train and suspension parts \r\n\u2022 Motor shafts \r\n\u2022 Aircraft landing gears and components \r\n\u2022 Machinery parts \r\n\u2022 Medical devices\r\n\u2022 Fasteners\r\n\u2022 Commercial firearm components (not for personal firearms)\r\n\u2022 Gears","headline":"Chrome plating &#8211; Process , Application , Advantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hardchromium-300x170.png","height":170,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-tsi-engine-benefits-of-tsi-engines/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/tsi-engine-300x177.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is TSI Engine &#8211; benefits Of TSI Engines</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-tsi-engine-benefits-of-tsi-engines/">What is TSI Engine &#8211; benefits Of TSI Engines</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is TSI Engine - benefits Of TSI Engines
TSI stands for “turbocharged straight injection” and was inspired by the technology of Volkswagen’s TDI Clean Diesel and FSI direct fuel injection...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-tsi-engine-benefits-of-tsi-engines/" aria-label="View Post: What is TSI Engine &#8211; benefits Of TSI Engines">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is TSI Engine &#8211; benefits Of TSI Engines","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-tsi-engine-benefits-of-tsi-engines\/","articleBody":"What is TSI Engine - benefits Of TSI Engines\r\nTSI stands for \u201cturbocharged straight injection\u201d and was inspired by the technology of Volkswagen\u2019s TDI Clean Diesel and FSI direct fuel injection engines. The engine allows for higher torque at lower RPMs, which means more power with less fuel usage. TSI engines combine direct injection and turbocharging to offer impressive power while still providing incredible fuel efficiency.\r\nturbocharged Stratified Injection (TSi), this engine combines GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) with Turbocharging and this results in an awesome spread of power. For an instance, you get into the meat of power right at 1500 rpm and this end till 6000 rpm.\u00a0In fact in some engines, VW has combined Turbocharging, Direct Injection and Variable valve timing altogether making them the most tech laden and most efficient engines in every manner.\r\nRest drive it to believe it, the 160 bhp Laura TSi could easily eat up anything on wheels under 35 lac (Even entry level Audi and BMW too) except the Passat 2.0 TDi which was simply a hooligan. 0\u2013100 used to get dismissed under 8.5 seconds and speedo used to touch 240 kph on open stretches.\r\nIn terms of fuel economy, the 1.8 TSi is\u2019n the king by any ways. It is a sober drunkard like all TSi engines and is very much sensitive to the way you drive. Drive with light foot and you can expect 14\u201315 kpl. Put the foot down and it will deliver 6\u20137\u20138 kpl only.\r\n1.2 TSi which we get to see in Polo GT is also same. I have personally taken over 18 kpl and under 10 kpl from this engine under different driving conditions on the open highways.\r\n\r\n\r\ntsi engine\r\nAwards for TSI\r\nInternational Engine of the Year awards\r\nOur pioneering technology has impressed motoring experts from across the world. Our 1.4-litre TSI Twincharger engine has won the 1-litre to 1.4-litre category of the prestigious International Engine of the Year Awards for five years running and was voted the International Engine of the Year and Best Green Engine in 2009.\r\nThe jury for this award is made up of 65 motoring journalists from 32 countries. At the 2009 Awards, the jury said: \"Volkswagen not only attained an overall victory, but also won the \u2018Best Green Engine' award. This shows that driving fun and fuel efficiency can certainly be unified in one package.\"\r\nDr R\u00fcdiger Szengel, Head of Volkswagen Petrol Engine Development, commented on TSI: \"Their combination of reduced displacement, direct injection and intelligent engine boosting enables top dynamic performance while keeping emissions and fuel consumption low. Winning awards in three key categories is really a compliment to our development team. TSI engines are genuine trendsetters.\"\r\nBenefit\r\nYou enjoy excellent driveability and outstanding fuel economy. Acceleration is instant, whichever gear you're in. So overtaking is safer and you can power smoothly up hills with no delay. TSI technology is available on an increasing number of our cars, from Polo to Sharan.","headline":"What is TSI Engine &#8211; benefits Of TSI Engines","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-27","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/tsi-engine-300x177.jpg","height":177,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-staircase-climbing-robot-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/stair-climbing-robot-300x84.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-staircase-climbing-robot-mechanical-project/">Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot - Mechanical Project
Abstract – Staircase climbing robot are important for conducting scientific analysis of objectives. Current mobility designs...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-staircase-climbing-robot-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-staircase-climbing-robot-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot - Mechanical Project\r\nAbstract \u2013 Staircase climbing robot are important for conducting scientific analysis of objectives. Current mobility designs are complex, using many wheels or legs. An eight wheeled rover capable of traversing rough terrain using an efficient high degree of mobility suspension system. The primary mechanical feature of the stair case climbing mechanism design is its simplicity. Which is accomplish by using only two motors for mobility. Both motors are located inside the body where thermal variations and disturbance is kept to minimum, increasing the reliability and efficiency. Eight wheels\u2019 stair case climbing design robot is used because stability purpose.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nRobotics is the area of automation which integrates the technology in various field like mechanism, sensors and electronics control system, artificial intelligence and embedded system. The synthesis of mechanism is the very first step in any robot design depending upon its application. According to a locomotive mechanism to achieve the desired mobility, mobile robots may be split into following categories: leg-type, track-type and wheel-type mobile robot consumption is also the important matter of developing. Stair climbing robot is one of the attractive performance of robot in legged and wheeled. Developments have been made in various kind of stair climbers, considering how to make it climbing ability higher and its mechanical complexity reasonable and practical. We introduce some solutions to realize stair climbing machines that we developed. Each of them has good performance as in a category of their kind, e.g. various numbers of wheeled shapes. Then, we discuss a development of adjustable high grip mover, which we think one of the best solutions as the stair climber.\r\n\r\nLocomotion\r\nLocomotion is a process, which moves a rigid body. There is a mobile robot\u2019s most important part is its locomotion system which determines the stability. The difference of robotic locomotion is distinct from traditional types in that it has to be more reliable without human interaction. While constructing a robot, designer must have decided on the terrain requirements like stability criteria, obstacle height, and surface friction. There is no only one exact solution while comparing the mobility systems.\r\n\r\nstair climbing robot\r\n\r\nWheel\r\nThe wheel is the most common moving element among other possibilities including legs, flying, swimming and rolling. A wheel provides at least speed, accuracy and stability for a robot, three characteristics very important in designing and build robots. Depending on the design and requirements, oriental and ball wheels user for balancing a robot.\r\n\r\nWheel dimensions\r\n\r\n \t10cm diameter\r\n \t5cm width\r\n \tHole diameter 6 mm\r\n \tScrew for fastening on motor shaft\r\n \tMade from virgin plastic\r\n \tPlastic Wheel, GE White 4 \"Double Tyre (10 cm x 5 cm)\r\n\r\nMotor\r\nThe motor is screwed to the gear box from inside. Although motor gives 60 RPM at 12V but motor runs smoothly from 4V to 12V and gives wide range of RPM, and torque. Tables below gives fairly good idea of the motor\u2019s performance in terms of RPM and no load current as a function of voltage and stall torque, stall current as a function of voltage.\r\n\r\n\u00a0Specifications\r\n\r\n \tDC supply: 4 to 12V\r\n \tRPM: 60 at 12V\r\n \tTotal length: 46 mm\r\n \t\u00a0Motor diameter: 36 mm\r\n \tMotor length: 25mm\r\n \tBrush type: Precious metal\r\n \tGear head diameter: 37mm\r\n \tGear head length: 21 mm\r\n \tShaft diameter: 6mm\r\n \tShaft length: 22mm\r\n \tGear assembly: Spur\r\n \tMotor weight: 100 gms\r\n\r\nThickness of link\r\nThickness of robot link is 4mmThis thickness links are more suitable for the drilling and finishing operations.\r\n\r\nLink\r\nMaterial used for link is wood. For following reason.\r\n\r\nDensity\r\nThe density of wood is also influenced by structure of wood. Latewood is made of cells which have thicker walls and smaller cavities in comparison to early wood. This results in higher density of latewood as compared with early wood and explains why the density of wood increases with increasing proportion of latewood.","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Staircase Climbing Robot &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/stair-climbing-robot-300x84.jpg","height":84,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-stair-climbing-trolley-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Stair-Climbing-Trolley-300x226.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-stair-climbing-trolley-mechanical-project/">Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley - Mechanical Project 
Abstract
In the modern world though there are many developments in the field of engineering. Still there are difficulties to...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-stair-climbing-trolley-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-stair-climbing-trolley-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley - Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\nAbstract\r\nIn the modern world though there are many developments in the field of engineering. Still there are difficulties to carry heavy loads over stairs. Development of lift simplifies the effort of carrying heavy loads over stairs, it is not possible to use lift in all places like schools, college\u2019s constructional areas. This project aims at developing a mechanism for easy transportation of heavy loads over stairs. The need for such arises from day to day requirements in our society. Devices such as hand trolleys are used to relieve the stresses of lifting while on flat ground. However these devices usually fail when it comes to carrying the load over short fleet of stairs .Our project attempts to design a stair climbing trolley which can carry heavy objects up the stairs with less effort compared to carrying them manually .The main objective of the project is to find an efficient and user friendly method of carrying various objects through stairs using minimum effort from the user and to also provide a smooth movement while climbing the stair. Under this project we have manufactured a stair climber with tri lobed wheel frames at both sides of the climber and three wheels on each sides are used in the tri lobed frame. The wheel assembly is rotated by a gear- motor mechanism where a DC gear motor is used to provide the necessary power for rotation and a pinion- gear mesh is used for reducing the rotating speed of the wheel. The motor is connected to a lead acid battery of similar ratings and they are in turn connected to DPDT switch.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nIn day today life we may have to carry so many goods and objects of various quantities through stairs especially in offices, schools, colleges, hotels, industries, apartments etc. where the lifts may not be available, may be crowded with people or may be under repair .It is highly tiresome to carry various objects through stairs manually for higher floors for so many times. The various applications may be carrying bundles of answer sheets in a school or a college, carrying furniture in different buildings, different apparatus in colleges, in hospitals etc., carrying electronic items in houses and offices .So there should be a way to carry the objects through the stairs in a more comfortable and tireless manner without forcing the user to apply more force. Here comes the application of a stair climber.\r\n\r\nIn order to get a proper grip to our project we have extensively referred various articles and websites over the internet. We also referred to the project done by others under the similar projects.\r\n\r\n Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley\r\n\r\nDESIGN AND ANALYSIS\r\nThe CAD model of the product was designed to determine the external dimensions of the stair climber. The stair climber consists of a two pair of Tri-Star clamp. This Tri-Star clamp is used to hold the wheels with the help of nuts and bolts and make Tri-Star wheel setup and this Tri-Star wheel setup is connected at ends of the hollow shaft to make Tri-Star wheel assembly. The Tri-Star wheel assembly is powered by a motor setup.\r\n\r\nDetermination of Basic Dimensions\r\nThe basic external dimensions were decided based upon the study of stair climbers. The external and internal diameter of the hollow shaft is considered as 25mm and 18mm respectively. The length of the shaft is 700mm. Two pairs of Tri-Star clamp and six rubber wheels are used. The diameter of wheel is decided as 150mm for appropriate dimensions of the stair which is about depth of the tread is 300-350mm and height of the riser is 140-150mm. The inter-lobe angle of Tri-Star clamp is taken as 120\u02da.Suitable motor and gears were decided based on requirement.\r\n\r\nTri-Star Wheel Setup:\r\nThe Tri-Star clamp is used for connecting the wheels together. While climbing the stairs it is tedious to climb with a single wheel. Here, the wheels are connected to each of the arms of the clamp and while climbing the stairs Tri-Star setup rotates when it hits the edge of the stairs. The Tri-Star is fabricated using gas cutting process. The wheels are placed between the two clamps and are held with the help of the nuts and bolts.","headline":"Design and Fabrication of Stair Climbing Trolley &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Design-and-Fabrication-of-Stair-Climbing-Trolley-300x226.jpg","height":226,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-stud-welding-process-types-of-stud-welding/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/hand-guided-gun-for-stud-welding-300x191.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-stud-welding-process-types-of-stud-welding/">What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding
Introduction to Stud Welding :  Stud welding is an economical, rapid fixing method of metals used both in engineering and construction work in...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-stud-welding-process-types-of-stud-welding/" aria-label="View Post: What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-stud-welding-process-types-of-stud-welding\/","articleBody":"What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding\r\nIntroduction to Stud Welding :\r\n\r\nStud welding is an economical, rapid fixing method of metals used both in engineering and construction work in heavy sections. Stud means a protecting know-pin or a large-headed nail which can apply the fixing or fastening method of a variety of shapes and diameters to the parent plate.\r\n\r\nTherefore, a rapid reliable joining fastener is made. The studs may be of circular or rectangular cross-section, plain or threaded\u2014internally or externally\u2014and vary from heavy support pins to clips or attachments used in component assembly.\r\n\r\n stud welding\r\n\r\nThere are three common techniques of Arc stud welding:\r\n\r\n \tDrawn arc stud welding\r\n \tShort arc stud welding\r\n \tGas arc stud welding\r\n\r\nDrawn arc Stud Welding :\r\n\r\nThe Drawn arc method is generally used for heavier studs and plates. The Capacitor discharge method is for light gauge sheets. The operation depends upon the size, shape, and material of the stud and the composition and thickness of the metal parts.\r\n\r\nDrawn arc process is used in both engineering and heavy construction work. The equipment consists of a D.C. power source controller and a hand-operated gun or holder. The hand-operated gun has a operating solenoid and return-spring within the gun-body which carries the operating adjustment switch. Studs are fluxed on the contact end, which is slightly pointed, and are supplied with ferrules\r\n\r\nTo operate the equipment, the welding current and time for the diameter of the stud are selected, the stud is loaded into the proper chuck, the legs adjusted for length and the stud positioned on the plate. When the gun switch is pressed a low current flows between the pointed stud end and the work-piece and immediately the stud is raised, drawing an arc and ionising the gap.\r\n\r\n hand guided gun for stud welding\r\n\r\nStuds from 3.3-20 mm and above in diameter can be used on the plate thicker than 1.6 mm and above. The rate of welding varies with the type of work, jigging, location, etc. In circular and rectangular cross-section for engineering and construction industries the weld can be made in mild steel, austenitic stainless steel, aluminium, and its alloys, etc.\r\n\r\nThe Benefits of Stud Welding\r\nStud welding has many advantages over other joining processes:\r\n\r\n \tIt is fast. Welding a 3\/4\u201d fastener will take less than one second.\r\n \tIt is single sided. This means that access to the other side of the work piece is not required.\r\n \tIt is secure. Unlike the peripheral weld that would be used to weld a bolt in place,a stud weld is a full cross sectional weld. This means the full face of the fastener is welded in place providing a strong, worry-free weld.\r\n \tIt is cosmetically superior. As a single sided fastener there are no indicators that a fastener is attached.\r\n \tIt is welded and will not work free like a press-in fastener\r\n \tRequires no special skills and little training to install.","headline":"What is Stud Welding -Process , Types Of Stud Welding","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-26","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/hand-guided-gun-for-stud-welding-300x191.png","height":191,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=171">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=170"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>170</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=171"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>171</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>172</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=173"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>173</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=174"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>174</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=173">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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