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Need</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Method Of Supercharging for SI and CI Engine -Performance , Need
Introduction to Supercharging:
Basically supercharging means supplying high pressure air to the engine. When the high pressure air...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/method-of-supercharging-for-si-and-ci-engine-performance-need/" aria-label="View Post: Method Of Supercharging for SI and CI Engine -Performance , Need">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Method Of Supercharging for SI and CI Engine -Performance , Need","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/method-of-supercharging-for-si-and-ci-engine-performance-need\/","articleBody":"Method Of Supercharging for SI and CI Engine -Performance , Need\r\nIntroduction to Supercharging:\r\nBasically supercharging means supplying high pressure air to the engine. When the high pressure air is supplied to the engine, the mass flow rate of fuel also increases and consequently it results in more power output. Hence the efficiency of the engine also increases.\r\n\r\nSo, the output power developed by the engine mainly depends upon:\r\n\r\n(i) Amount of air supply\r\n\r\n(ii) Amount of air used in combustion for generating power\r\n\r\n(iii) Thermal efficiency\r\n\r\nThe amount of air supplied to the engine may be increased by increasing the speed of engine or by supplying high pressure air. The process of supplying high pressure air is known as Supercharging. And equipment used for supplying high pressure air is known as Supercharger.\r\n\r\nNote that Turbocharging is a particular case of supercharging in which compressor or high pressure air supplying equipment in driven by the exhaust gas driven turbine. This will be clearly understood while studying the methods of supercharging.\r\n\r\nRead More :\u00a0Introduction to Supercharger- Types and Advantages Of Supercharger\r\nNeed for Supercharging or Objects of Supercharging:\r\nObjects of Supercharging are discussed as follows:\r\n\r\n(1) Supercharging is essentially required in order to increase the power of the given engine.\r\n\r\n(2) Supercharging is essential in order to increase the output power of the given engine, for given weight. It is to be noted that the weight factor is important in aeroplane engines.\r\n\r\n(3) We know that, as we go higher and higher, the air density decreases, so the engines get less air\/oxygen and the output of the engines decreases and this decrease in power will be about 10% in one kilometre.\r\nSupercharging of Petrol (SI) Engines:\r\nIn case of petrol (SI) engines supercharging is used only when the power output is the main consideration.\r\n\r\nSo it is used in the following engines:\r\n\r\n(a) Aeroplane engines\r\n\r\n(b) Racer car engines.\r\n\r\nBy using supercharger, we will be supplying high pressure air so:\r\n\r\n(1) It increases air supply\r\n\r\n(2) It increases the volumetric efficiency of the engine\r\n\r\n(3) Pressure of air at the inlet to the engine increases\r\n\r\n(4) As the pressure of air increases, temperature of air at the inlet also increases.\r\n\r\nThus when the high pressure and high temperature air is supplied to the engine, it decreases the ignition delay and this leads into pre-ignition and more detonation problems.\r\n\r\nDuring supercharging more amount of air is supplied and consequently more amount of fuel is supplied and this results in more fuel consumption. But power developed will be more than the naturally aspirated engines. (Note that the naturally aspirated engines are those engines which take air directly from the atmosphere and if the high pressure air are supplied to the engines, then they are known as supercharged engines).\r\n\r\nIn order to summarise, supercharging of petrol (SI) engines is not generally used because of more fuel consumption, but is used when more power is to be developed.\r\nSupercharging of Diesel (CI) Engines:\r\nIn case of petrol engines supercharging results in more specific fuel consumption. But whereas in case of diesel engines when high pressure, high temperature air is supplied to the engine, it results in better combustion. Also any existing combustion problem will be sorted out because of higher temperatures. Also it decreases ignition delay. Because of this improved combustion any low quality of diesel fuel can also be used in the supercharged engines.\r\n\r\nFuel consumption of supercharged diesel engines is comparatively less than the naturally aspirated engines because of better combustion.\r\n\r\nSupercharged diesel engines are generally used because of their better combustion and improved mechanical efficiency.\r\nSupercharging Effects on the Engine Performance:\r\nFollowing are the effects on the performance of the engine because of supercharging:\r\n\r\n(1) In supercharged engines more amount of high pressure and high temperature air is supplied, which results in increased volumetric efficiency and more output power.\r\n\r\n(2) Because of more pressures, scavenging (i.e., removing the burnt gases out of the engine cylinder) will be improved.\r\n\r\n(3) By supercharging mechanical efficiency increases.\r\n\r\n(4) For petrol engines supercharging results in better mixing of air and fuel. Note that as more amount of air is supplied, more amount of fuel is also required to be supplied. Hence specific fuel consumption will be more when compared with naturally aspirated engines.\r\n\r\n(5) For Diesel engine by supercharging there is improvement in combustion and hence increase in mechanical efficiency.\r\n\u00a0Supercharging Methods:\r\nSupplying high pressure air to the engine is known as supercharging. And the supercharger is used to supercharge the engines. The supercharger may be driven directly by engine of output shaft through some gears or it is driven by the exhaust gas driven turbines called Turbocharger.\r\n\r\nThe various supercharging arrangements generally used are as under:\r\n\r\n(i) The compressor is driven by the engine output shaft through some gears. The compressor supplies high pressure air to the engine. Finally the gases are exhausted as shown. Note that a part of total output is used for driving the compressor and net output power increases because of supercharging.\r\n\r\n supercharging\r\n\r\n(ii) As shown in Fig.\u00a0 exhaust gases from the engine drive the turbine which in turn drives the compressor. In Fig. turbine and compressor are coupled as shown. The compressor takes the air from atmosphere and after increasing the pressure it will be supplied to the engine. And this type of arrangement is nowadays generally used and is called as Turbocharging","headline":"Method Of Supercharging for SI and CI Engine -Performance , Need","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-08-08","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/supercharging-228x300.jpg","height":300,"width":228},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/importance-of-turbulence-swirl-squish-tumble-related-to-ci-engine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/swirl-and-tumble-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/importance-of-turbulence-swirl-squish-tumble-related-to-ci-engine/">Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine
Importance of Turbulence in CI Combustion Engines:
(a) It is essential to have well organised movement of air within the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/importance-of-turbulence-swirl-squish-tumble-related-to-ci-engine/" aria-label="View Post: Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/importance-of-turbulence-swirl-squish-tumble-related-to-ci-engine\/","articleBody":"Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine\r\nImportance of Turbulence in CI Combustion Engines:\r\n(a) It is essential to have well organised movement of air within the combustion chamber for \u2013 \r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0(i) speedy evaporation of fuel \r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (ii) to enhance air fuel mixing \r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (iii) to increase combustion speed and \r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (iv) to increase efficiency. Due to high velocities involved the flow of air within the combustion chamber is turbulent. Due to turbulence the transfer rates like vaporisation of fuel, heat transfer rates, mixing and combustion rates are greatly increased.\r\n\r\n(b) The main aim of the CI combustion chamber design is to ensure proper mixing of fuel with the air in a very short time. To achieve this well organised movement of air is essential. Turbulence in the CI engines is quite systematic and built into the design. It would be desirable to understand various types of movements of the air within the combustion chamber.\r\n\r\n(i) Turbulence is quite high during suction and recedes towards BDC.\r\n\r\n(ii) Again during compression the turbulence increases as swirl, squish and tumble.\r\n\r\n1. Swirl:\r\n\r\nThe rotational motion of air within the cylinder is called swirl. The swirl is achieved by a variety of methods like shaping the intake manifold, valve, valve port and at times by suitably contouring the piston. Swirl enhances mixing and makes the flue air mixtures homogeneous. Swirl is the main mechanism to spread the flame within the combus\u00adtion chamber.\r\n\r\nThe swirl ratio used to indicate the extent of rotational motion within the combustion chamber. If the ratio of average angular speed to the engine RPM.\r\n\r\nFollowing are the main types of swirls:\r\n\r\n(a)\u00a0Induction Swirl:\r\n\r\nIn this air flow is directed in a particular path while entering the cylinder. This method is generally employed for open combustion chamber.\r\n\r\n(b)\u00a0Compression Swirl:\r\n\r\nHere the swirl is produced during the compression stroke air is forced through a passage into swirl chamber made separately during the compression stroke\r\n\r\n(c)\u00a0Combustion Induced Swirl:\r\n\r\nThis swirl is produced by using the phenomenon of high initial pressure rise due to partial combustion.\r\n\r\nswirl and tumble in ic engine\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0Squish:\r\n\r\nRadial inward movement of air while the piston reaches the TDC is called Squish. \u201cSquish\u201d can be defined as radically inward flow of air towards the combustion recess by squeezing it out from between the piston and cylinder head during the end of compression stroke. This movement of air is due to the fact that most of the modern chambers have clearance volume in the central portional only. While the piston goes moves the TDC the air from the outer edges where there remains no space rushes towards the central portional giving rise to inwards radial motion called squish.\r\n\r\n3.\u00a0Tumble:\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAs the piston reaches close to the TDC the squish generates secondary motion about circumferential axis near the outer edges. This motion is called \u2018tumble\u2019.\r\n\r\nTo achieve this either the fuel is directed towards air or air is directed towards fuel.\r\n\r\nBasically there are three methods to create air movement or swirl during:\r\n\r\n(i) Suction\r\n\r\n(ii) Compression or\r\n\r\n(iii) Partial combustion.\r\n\r\n(a)\u00a0Open Combustion Chambers:\r\n\r\nThe combustion chambers in which swirl is produced during induction are called \u2018open combustion chambers\u2019 or Direct injection chambers.\r\n\r\n(b)\u00a0Turbulent Combustion Chambers:\r\n\r\nThe combustion chamber in which compression stroke is used to pro\u00adduce swirl are called \u2018Turbulent or swirl combustion chambers\u2019.\r\n\r\n(c)\u00a0Pre-Combustion Chambers:\r\n\r\nThe combustion chambers in which partial combustion is used to create swirl are \u2018Turbulent or air-cell combustion chambers\u2019.","headline":"Importance Of Turbulence ,swirl , Squish , Tumble Related to CI Engine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-08-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swirl-and-tumble-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-fuel-injection-systems-in-ci-engines/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/fuel-injection-system-in-ci-engines-2-638-300x225.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-fuel-injection-systems-in-ci-engines/">Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines
Introduction to Fuel Supply System for CI Engines:
The fuel supply system of a diesel engine can be called as the heart of the engine, since the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/types-of-fuel-injection-systems-in-ci-engines/" aria-label="View Post: Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/types-of-fuel-injection-systems-in-ci-engines\/","articleBody":"Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines\r\nIntroduction\u00a0to Fuel Supply System for CI Engines:\r\nThe fuel supply system of a diesel engine can be called as the heart of the engine, since the engine performance directly depends upon the proper functioning of this system\u2014which must supply, meter, inject and atomize the fuel.\r\n\r\nFuel injection systems are manufactured with great accuracy, hence they are costlier.\r\n\r\nFuel will flow either because of gravity or fuel feed pump, which is provided to supply fuel through the filter to the injection pump. Which pumps the fuel to the injectors which are provided in the cylinder heads.\r\n\r\nFuel injection system\r\n\r\nThe fuel injection systems are of 2 types:\r\n\r\n1.\u00a0Air Injection System:\r\n\r\nIn this case fuel is injected under the pressure of air. For supplying high pressure air multistage air compressors are required, which are very much costly and hence this system is not in use.\r\n\r\n2.\u00a0Solid Injection System:\r\n\r\nIn this case diesel fuel is directly injected by fuel pump (Bosch Pump).\r\n\r\nFurther these are of 3 types of solid injection systems:\r\n\r\nA. Individual Pump System :\r\n\r\nAs shown fuel will flow from the storage tank to filters to low pressure pumps. This low pressure pump pumps the fuel to 4 separate metering and pressure pumps.\r\n\r\nThese separate metering and pressure pumps will pump the fuel to individual injectors which are provided in the cylinder heads. These are used in large slow speed engines.\r\n\r\nB. Distributor System :\r\n\r\nFuel will flow from storage tank to low pressure pump through filters, then to metering and pressure pumps. This metering and pressure pump pumps the fuels to distributor unit which distributes and sends required quantity of fuel to each injectors\/each cylinders. Used in small and medium size engines.\r\n\r\nC. Common Rail System :\r\n\r\nIn this case fuel flows from storage tank to low pressure pump through filters. Low pressure pump, pumps the fuel to high pressure pump, which pumps the fuel to high pressure pump, which pumps the fuel to common rail. Thus high pressure fuel is collected in common rail and from here through the metering devices required quantity of fuel goes to injectors\/cylinders. Generally Cummins and multi-cylinder engines use this system.\r\nElectronic Fuel Injection (EFI) System:\r\nElectronics is introduced in automobiles in 1965. About 30\u201440% of cost of vehicles is for electronic items. Max power and best economy are attained by using electronics and computers in automobiles.\r\n\r\nEFI systems was various sensors to sense various parameters like temperature, pressure of gases, position of throttle valve, air flow rate etc.\r\n\r\nSensors feed this data to Electronic Control Unit (ECU)\u2014which is basically a computer. This ECU\u2014processes the data and operates injectors and other devices to have maximum power, with best economy, and low emissions.\r\nMultipoint Fuel Injection System (MPFI):\r\nMultipoint Fuel Injection system is used to supply air-fuel mixture of proper strength and in required quantity to each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine, at all engine speeds loads.\r\n\r\nMPFI\u2014Systems Functions under 2-Basic Arrangements:\r\n\r\n1. Port Injection:\r\n\r\nIn this case injector is placed in the intake manifold, near the inlet valve. The injector sprays petrol into air flowing through the intake manifold. Homogenous air-fuel mixture produced enters cylinder. Note that each cylinder has a separate injector placed in its intake manifold.\r\n\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Uniform fuel distribution\r\n\r\n2. Increase in power output\r\n\r\n3. More precise control of air-fuel ratio.\r\n\r\n2. Throttle Body Injection:\r\n\r\nIn this case injector is provided at a single point in the throttle body. Throttle valve controls the amount of air entering intake manifold.\r\nManufacturer Specific Names For Fuel Injectors :\r\nMany manufacturers use different names for their implementation of fuel injection, below is a quick list of the most common ones.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Mazda Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI)\r\nWhich is a direct injection system as its name implies.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Volkswagen Group Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI)\r\nAnother direct injection system with some advanced ECU fuel management to provide the best amount of air\/fuel mixture depending on the driving style (economic, sport, etc.) dynamically.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Toyota D4 and D4-S\r\nThe D4 uses the intake port central injection with two separate fuel injectors and the D4-S is the direct fuel injection implementation of Toyota.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Mercedes-Benz Charged Gasoline Injection (CGI)\r\nThis implementation focuses mainly on fuel economy using direct fuel injection.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Alfa Romeo Jet Thrust Stoichiometric (JTS)\r\nAnother direct fuel injection system.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Renault Injection Direct Essence (IDE)\r\nThis is also direct fuel injection but Renault\u2019s design focuses on fuel economy instead of performance.\r\n\u2013\u00a0General Motors Throttle Body injection (TBI)\r\nThis is a single-point electronic fuel injection system.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Mitsubishi Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)\r\nFrom its name is fairly obvious, direct fuel injection.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Ford Smart Charge Injection (SCi)\r\nWhich is also direct fuel injection system.\r\n\u2013\u00a0PSA Peugeot Citro\u00ebn Gasoline Direct Injection (GDi)\r\nUsing the design of Mitsubishi GDI system.\r\n\u2013\u00a0Volkswagen Group Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI)\r\nWhich is the equivalent implementation for engines equiped with turbochargers.","headline":"Types Of Fuel Injection Systems in CI Engines","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-08-07","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/fuel-injection-system-in-ci-engines-2-638-300x225.jpg","height":225,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-arbor-used-in-milling-types-of-arbor-tool/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/arbor-milling-diagram-300x139.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to What is arbor used In Milling &#8211; Types Of Arbor Tool</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-arbor-used-in-milling-types-of-arbor-tool/">What is arbor used In Milling &#8211; Types Of Arbor Tool</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>What is arbor used In Milling - types of arbor
Milling machine is one of the important machining operations. In this operation the workpiece is fed against a rotating cylindrical tool. The rotating...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/what-is-arbor-used-in-milling-types-of-arbor-tool/" aria-label="View Post: What is arbor used In Milling &#8211; Types Of Arbor Tool">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"What is arbor used In Milling &#8211; Types Of Arbor Tool","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/what-is-arbor-used-in-milling-types-of-arbor-tool\/","articleBody":"What is arbor used In Milling - types of arbor\r\nMilling machine is one of the important machining operations. In this operation the workpiece is fed against a rotating cylindrical tool. The rotating tool consists of multiple cutting edges (multipoint cutting tool). Normally axis of rotation of feed given to the workpiece. Milling operation is distinguished from other machining operations on the basis of orientation between the tool axis and the feed direction, however, in other operations like drilling, turning, etc. the tool is fed in the direction parallel to axis of rotation.\r\nThe cutting tool used in milling operation is called milling cutter, which consists of multiple edges called teeth. The machine tool that performs the milling operations by producing required relative motion between workpiece and tool is called milling machine. It provides the required relative motion under very controlled conditions. These conditions will be discussed later in this unit as milling speed, feed rate and depth of cut.\r\n\r\nRead More:\u00a0Milling Process\u00a0 - Definition , Milling Manufacturing Processes\r\n\r\nArbor tool :\u00a0\r\nIt holds rotating milling cutters rigidly and mounted on the spindle. Sometimes arbor is supported at maximum distance from support of overhanging arm like a cantilever, it is called stub arbor. Locking provisions are provided in the arbor assembly to ensure its reliability.\r\n\r\n arbor milling diagram\r\n\r\n The Standard milling machine arbor has a straight, cylindrical shape, with a Standard milling taper on the driving end and a threaded portion on the opposite end to receive the arbor nut. One or more milling cutters may be placed on the straight cylindrical shaft of the arbor and held in position by means of sleeves and an arbor nut. The Standard milling machine arbor is usually splined and has keys, used to lock each cutter to the arbor shaft. Arbors are supplied in various lengths and standard diameters.\r\n\r\n arbor milling diagram\r\n\r\nThe end of the arbor opposite the taper is supported by the arbor supports of the milling machine. One or more supports are used, depending on the length of the arbor and the degree of rigidity required. The end may be supported by a lathe center, bearing against the arbor nut (figure on the previous page) or by a bearing surface of the arbor fitting inside a bushing of the arbor support. Journal bearings are placed over the arbor in place of sleeves where an intermediate arbor support is positioned.\r\n\r\nRead Also:\u00a0Operation Performed On Milling machine With Diagrams\r\n\r\nTypes Of arbor :\r\n\r\n(1) Screw Arbor : \r\n\r\nScrew arbors are used to hold small cutters that have threaded holes. These arbors have a taper next to the threaded portion to provide alignment and support for tools that require a nut to hold them against a tapered surface. A right-hand threaded arbor must be used for right-hand cutters; a left-hand threaded arbor is used to mount left-hand cutters.\r\n\r\n(2) Slitting Saw Milling Cutter Arbor . \r\n\r\nThe slitting saw milling cutter arbor is a short arbor having two flanges between which the milling cutter is secured by tightening a clamping nut. This arbor is used to hold the metal slitting saw milling cutters that are used for slotting, slitting, and sawing operations.\r\n\r\n(3) End Milling Cutter Arbor. \r\n\r\nThe end milling cutter arbor has a bore in the end in which the straight shank end milling cutters fit. The end milling cutters are locked in place by means of a setscrew.\r\n\r\n(4) Shell End Milling Cutter Arbor\u00a0\r\n\r\n Shell end milling arbors are used to hold and drive shell end milling cutters. The shell end milling cutter is fitted over the short boss on the arbor shaft and is held against the face of the arbor by a bolt, or a retaining screw. The two lugs on the arbor fit slots in the cutter to prevent the cutter from rotating on the arbor during the machining operation. A special wrench is used to tighten and loosen a retaining screw\/bolt in the end of the arbor.\r\n\r\n(5) Fly Cutter Arbor. \r\n\r\nThe fly cutter arbor is used to support a single-edge lathe, shaper, or planer cutter bit, for boring and gear cutting operations on the milling machine. These cutters, which can be ground to any desired shape, are held in the arbor by a locknut. Fly cutter arbor shanks may have a Standard milling machine spindle taper, a Brown and Sharpe taper, or a Morse taper.","headline":"What is arbor used In Milling &#8211; Types Of Arbor Tool","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-08-06","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/arbor-milling-diagram-300x139.jpg","height":139,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-sand-collecting-sand-slinger-vehicle-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Design-and-Fabrication-Of-Sand-Collecting-and-Sand-Slinger-Vehicle-Mechanical-Project--300x139.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-sand-collecting-sand-slinger-vehicle-project/">Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle - Mechanical Project 
ABSTRACT
Clean sand separation process from the raw sand is one of the important and labor consuming...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-fabrication-sand-collecting-sand-slinger-vehicle-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-fabrication-sand-collecting-sand-slinger-vehicle-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle - Mechanical Project\u00a0\r\nABSTRACT\r\nClean sand separation process from the raw sand is one of the important and labor consuming operation in construction fields. It requires huge manpower for collecting and transferring the raw sand from one to another and also including separation process. In our project we have decided to design and fabricate the sand collecting and slinger vehicle using conveyor system, which reduces the man power for performing the above mentioned sand collection and separation task. The conveyor consists of bucket which carries the sand which is in raw state and get transferred to the slinger table which is oscillated with DC motor, due to this pure sand gets separated the separated sand gets collected in separate tray arrangement from there it gets used for use full applications. The coarse sand gets collected at the top portion of the slinger table and the separate arrangement for collection of this waste sand is also provided. With the help of this system many of the separate works carried by lots of worker is reduced and the system is simple to operate and one of the efficient model.\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nConcrete is the most widely used versatile building material all over the world. Concrete technology has made significant advances in recent years which results in economic improvement of the strength of concrete. This economic development depends up on the intelligent use of the locally available materials. One of the important constituent of conventional concrete is natural sand, which is expensive and scarce. Conventionally concrete is a mix of cement, sand and aggregate. There is a large variation in the strength of concrete due to variation in the strength of\u00a0aggregates used. There is scarcity of natural sand due to heavy demand in growing construction activities which forces to find the suitable substitute. The cheapest and the easiest way of getting substitute for natural sand is by crushing natural stone to get artificial sand of desired size and grade which would be free from all impurities. \u201cScreening is the process of removing comparatively larger sand particles and other unnecessary impurities present in the sand which is excavated from the river banks\u201d. Screening is the most important process in the screening process. Gravels and pebbles are separated from the required of sand. Due to screening of sand, we can give good strength to the concrete and improve quality of sand. Screening is used for getting good result and obtaining following sand specifications.\r\n\r\n2D LAYOUT OF SAND COLLECTING AND SAND SLINGER VEHICLE USING CONVEYOR SYSTEM\r\n\r\nDesign and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle - Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\nIn this arrangement conveyor system plays an important role, the sand collecting buckets are fixed to the belt of the conveyor the position of the conveyor is adjusted by means of lead screw arrangement for collecting the sand at the deeper portions. There is an arrangement for the slinger table which collects the collected sand from the conveyor and the table gets vibrated in order to separate pure sand from raw sand. There is a separate arrangement for collecting the pure sand and impure sand. When the motor is turned on then the conveyor starts to rotate by adjusting the position of the conveyor setup it collects the sand and transfers it to the vibrating tray there it gets separated and the pure form of sand is collected in sand collecting tray.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\n \tConstruction is simple.\r\n \tMaintenance is easy.\r\n \tLabor cost requirement is less.\r\n \tEfficiency is higher than manual process.\r\n \tSand with fewer impurities is obtained.\r\n \tStrength of the concrete improves.\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\n \tWe can use this machine where labor resources are not sufficient.\r\n \tIt is used where space area is less.","headline":"Design and Fabrication Of Sand Collecting and Sand Slinger Vehicle","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-08-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Design-and-Fabrication-Of-Sand-Collecting-and-Sand-Slinger-Vehicle-Mechanical-Project--300x139.jpg","height":139,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/defence-military-based-projects-for-engineering-students/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Defence-military-based-Projects-For-Engineering-Students-300x217.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Defence &#8211; military based Projects For Engineering Students</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/defence-military-based-projects-for-engineering-students/">Defence &#8211; military based Projects For Engineering Students</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Defence - military based Projects For Engineering Students
This post include Defence -military related Mechanical Projects for engineering Students.  Multipurpose Robot For Military  The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/defence-military-based-projects-for-engineering-students/" aria-label="View Post: Defence &#8211; military based Projects For Engineering Students">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Defence &#8211; military based Projects For Engineering Students","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/defence-military-based-projects-for-engineering-students\/","articleBody":"Defence - military based Projects For Engineering Students\r\nThis post include Defence -military related Mechanical Projects for engineering Students.\r\n\r\nMultipurpose Robot For Military\r\n\r\nThe military robot utilization of robotics technology for fighting terror and defense of the nation. The human lives are highly valuable, the soldier lives more important to stay us alive in the combat field.\r\nThe robotics technology so highly developing the robot is named as the unmanned ground vehicles. In the military application, the latest technology is the drone without pilot the drone is controlled in the base of the military center and far distance everything in the high-speed internet to access the drone.\r\n\r\nMilitary Robots for Real Time Applications\r\n\r\nThere are different kinds of robots that are specifically employed for doing special tasks in military applications. In military services, there are some areas in which some of the tasks involve greater risk and danger, and therefore, those tasks must be performed without military personnel, solely by the robots.\r\n\r\nFire Fighting Robot Remotely Operated by Android Applications\r\n\r\nFire-fighting robot is implemented as a fire engine to extinguish the fire. This type of robot is used in military as well in other sectors for extinguishing fire if it happens by accidents such as train accidents. The robotic vehicle consists of a water tank and a pump to sprinkle water.\r\n\r\nDefence - military based Projects For Engineering Students\r\n\r\nSimilar to the above project, this robot can also be controlled by using an Android-based application for remote operation purpose, but \u2013 also requires another motor driver and a motor to operate the sprinkle arm in a desired direction and a pump to increase the pressure of water.\r\n\r\nPick-N-Place Robotic Arm and Movement Controlled by Android Wirelessly\r\n\r\nThis military robot can safely handle bombs especially while catching them and avoids the danger of explosion or extra pressure on suspected object. It is equipped with a soft catching gripper for pick and place function. The remote operation is achieved by a Bluetooth modem via an Android phone based GUI application\r\n\r\nMetal Detector Robotic Vehicle\r\n\r\nThis robot is useful to find landmines in the ground by sensing them while moving a vehicle ahead. A metal detector circuit is attached to this robotic vehicle to detect metal parts in the ground. The Remote operation of this vehicle to control the direction can be possible with an RF-based remote as transmitter that sends commanding signals to the receiver circuit.\r\n\r\nIntellegent combact robot for military operations projects for engineering students\r\n\r\nThe main aim of Defence ( Army ,Air force ,Navy )is to guard the border and to ensure that no ANE, infiltrators or smuggler enters our country. Defence is deployed in very hard and sensitive areas at Border as well as for internal security duty. Keeping in view the area of responsibility given to Defence and availability of man power some times it is not at all possible to guard some vulnerable point round the clock, at that time it becomes imperative to develop an electronic system through which the unmanned air craft can been operated. To over come this problem, we have designed a unique system i.e., remote controlled firing and monitoring system. which can be fly over our area for vigilance and is capable to fire remotely whenever any unwanted person enters an unattended point \/ place.\r\n\r\nMicrocontroller based surveillance robot for a military application","headline":"Defence &#8211; military based Projects For Engineering Students","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-08-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 22, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Defence-military-based-Projects-For-Engineering-Students-300x217.jpg","height":217,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=169">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=168"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>168</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=169"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>169</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>170</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=171"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>171</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=172"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>172</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=171">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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