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url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Orbital-Welding-Process-Equipment-Application-min-1.png')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/manufacturing-technology-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Manufacturing Technology Notes</h2> </a></article></section><main id="main" class="site-main"><section class="articles-wrapper"><h2 class="section-header-text">Recent Posts</h2><article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hand-operated-or-manually-operated-punching-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/manually-Operated-hand-operated-punching-machine-300x149.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hand-operated-or-manually-operated-punching-machine/">Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine- Mechanical Videos 
Hand Operated or manually operated punching machine is low cost and very useful product can be for punching , drilling ,...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hand-operated-or-manually-operated-punching-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hand-operated-or-manually-operated-punching-machine\/","articleBody":"Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine- Mechanical Videos\u00a0\r\nHand Operated or manually operated punching machine is low cost and very useful product can be for punching , drilling , making impression and blanking . This type of machines are suitable for thin metal sheets , plastic and rubber materials. Specially in leather industries this punching machines are mainly used . This simple machine consist frame made up of steel plates . those horizontal and vertical frame is welded together . Die assembly is fixed with frame using bracket and fasterners. Die assembly is female part which can change according to operation by simply removing nut and bolts. spring is supported in between two plates which helps to move lever upwards . shaft is placed in between springs and spring supporting plates.\r\n\r\nmanually Operated hand operated punching machine\r\n\r\nAt bottom of shaft punch is attached using locking washer and bolt sub assembly. Lever or we can say operating handle is attached with cam . As soon as lever get operated it will push shaft towards down side with help of cam against Spring Force.\r\n\r\nPlease Subscribe to YouTube\u00a0Channel : Learn Mechanical\r\n\r\n\r\nFor More Projects visit our website: www.www.gunkrazy.com\r\n\r\nThank you For watching us ,","headline":"Hand Operated Or Manually Operated Punching Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-21","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/manually-Operated-hand-operated-punching-machine-300x149.jpg","height":149,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cylindrical-robot-diagram-construction-applications/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/cylindrical-work-envelop-300x274.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cylindrical-robot-diagram-construction-applications/">Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications
Cylindrical Coordinate Robots are robots whose axes form a cylindrical coordinate system. Used for  -assembly operations,
-handling at...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cylindrical-robot-diagram-construction-applications/" aria-label="View Post: Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/cylindrical-robot-diagram-construction-applications\/","articleBody":"Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications\r\nCylindrical Coordinate Robots are robots whose axes form a cylindrical coordinate system. Used for\r\n\r\n-assembly operations,\r\n-handling at machine tools,\r\n-spot welding, and\r\n-handling at die casting machines.\r\n\r\nThe motion of the main arm is up and down. The robot can perform this motion by extending a cylinder that\u2019s built into the arm. In most cylindrical robots, the up-and-down motion is provided by a pneumatic cylinder, and the rotation is generally provided by a motor and gears.\r\n\r\ncylindrical work envelop\r\n\r\nConstruction Of Cylindrical Robot:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tconsists of two orthogonal slides, placed at 90\u00b0 angle, mounted on a rotary axis\r\n\u2022 Reach is accomplished as the arm of the robot moves in and out.\r\n\u2022 For vertical movement, the carriage moves up and down on a stationary post, or the post can move up and down in the base of the robot.\r\n\u2022 Movement along the three axes traces points on a cylinder\r\n\u2022 A cylindrical configuration generally results in a larger work envelope than a Cartesian configuration.\r\n\r\nCylindrical Coordinate System\r\n\r\nA cylindrical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system that specifies point positions by the distance from a chosen reference axis, the direction from the axis relative to a chosen reference direction, and the distance from a chosen reference plane perpendicular to the axis. The latter distance is given as a positive or negative number depending on which side of the reference plane faces the point.\r\n\r\nThe origin of the system is the point where all three coordinates can be given as zero. This is the intersection between the reference plane and the axis.\r\n\r\nThe axis is variously called the cylindrical or longitudinal axis, to differentiate it from the polar axis, which is the ray that lies in the reference plane, starting at the origin and pointing in the reference direction.\r\n\r\nThe distance from the axis may be called the radial distance or radius, while the angular coordinate is sometimes referred to as the angular position or as the azimuth. The radius and the azimuth are together called the polar coordinates, as they correspond to a two-dimensional polar coordinate system in the plane through the point, parallel to the reference plane. The third coordinate may be called the height or altitude (if the reference plane is considered horizontal), longitudinal position,or axial position.\r\n\r\n However, cylindrical configurations have some disadvantages.\r\n\u2013 Their overall mechanical rigidity is reduced because robots with a rotary axis must overcome the inertia of the object when rotating.\r\n\u2013 Their repeatability and accuracy is also reduced in the direction of rotary movement.\r\n\u2013 The cylindrical configuration requires a more sophisticated control system than the Cartesian configuration.\r\n\r\nApplication Of Cylindrical Configurations\u00a0\r\nTypical Applications for Cylindrical Configurations Include The Following:\r\n\u2022 Machine loading and unloading\r\n\u2022 Investment casting\r\n\u2022 Conveyor pallet transfers\r\n\u2022 Foundry and forging applications\r\n\u2022 General material handling and special payload handling and manipulation\r\n\u2022 Meat packing\r\n\u2022 Coating applications\r\n\u2022 Assembly\r\n\u2022 Injection molding\r\n\u2022 Die casting","headline":"Cylindrical Robot : Diagram , Construction , Applications","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-20","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/cylindrical-work-envelop-300x274.png","height":274,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-development-pneumatic-operated-washer-making-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Design-and-Development-Pneumatic-Operated-Washer-Making-Machine-300x211.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-development-pneumatic-operated-washer-making-machine/">Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine
Abstract
This research article presents the advanced method design and development of pneumatic operated washer making machine. The...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-development-pneumatic-operated-washer-making-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-development-pneumatic-operated-washer-making-machine\/","articleBody":"Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine\r\nAbstract\r\nThis research article presents the advanced method design and development of pneumatic operated washer making machine. The pneumatic system has gained a large amount of importance in last few decades. This project work mainly includes the main components of\r\ndesigns of pneumatic operated washer making machine such as: design of cylinder, selection of direction control valve, and selection of tube, design of aluminum sheet, plastic sheet, tar felt sheet and pneumatic circuit design. Design analysis also done by using CATIA software.\r\nFabrication and implementation includes: fabrication of frame and components. This importance is due to its accuracy and cost. Due to ease of operation, handiness, and expediency in operating the pneumatic system has made us to design and fabricate this unit as our project. This pneumatic operated washer making machine unit, as we hope that it can be operated easily with partially skilled operators also. The pneumatic operated washer making machine has an advantage of working in low shear strength pressure, that is even a shear strength of 72 N\/mm2 is enough for operating the unit. Different types of pneumatic operated washer making machines as requirement can be thus got. According to the work material the operating shear strength can be varied .\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nThe main function of pneumatic press is to punch thin sheet metals or nonmetals using pneumatic power. In this project, authors used\r\npunching process and bending process for simple application and using the foot operated valve instead of hand operated lever so single\r\nman can perform the operation of machine like punching easily.\r\n\r\nIn today\u2019s practical and cost-conscious world, sheet-metal parts have already replaced many expensive cast, forged, and machined products. The reason is obviously the relative economy of operation, easier implementation for mass-production, as well as greater control on the technical parameters. In almost all of the sheet metal operations punching or pressing operation is the major or primary operation in the process operation series.\r\n\r\n Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine\r\n\r\nAutomation, this operation results in reduced\u00a0lead time and also can decrease human attempt. Automation can be defined as the \u201ctechnology related with application of electrical, mechanical, electronic and computer-based integrated systems to operate and control production process\u201d. There are many reasons for automating the process. The reason may be to reduce manufacturing lead time, to increase labour productivity or to improve the worker safety, etc. Sheet metals are frequently employed for industrial and end user parts because of its\u00a0high capacity for being bent and formed into complex shapes. Galvanized iron, tin plates, copper, brass, zinc, aluminium etc. metals are\u00a0regularly utilized. Sheet metal parts include automotive industry, agricultural machinery parts, and aerospace applications as well as\u00a0consumer equipments.\r\n\r\nDefinition of Problem\r\n\u2022 Now days, in industrial sector heavy and bulky machines used to washer making.\r\n\u2022 Available machines having less efficiency with high initial cost.\r\n\u2022 Industry require highly trained worker to run machine.\r\n\u2022 Time required to produce washer is more.\r\n\r\nObjectives\r\n\u2022 Studying current machines used to make washers in industries.\r\n\u2022 Studying cutting forces and properties of materials.\r\n\u2022 Design and fabricate a machine.\r\n\u2022 Taking test of machine.\r\n\u2022 Calculate payback time of designed machine.\r\n\r\nWorking Principle\r\nThe compressed air from the compressor at the pressure of 8 to 12 bar is passed through a pipe connected to the directional control valve with one input. The directional control valve is actuated with Control Timing Unit. The directional control valve has two outputs and\r\none input. The air entering into the input goes out through the two outputs when the timing control unit is actuated. Because of the\r\nelevated air pressure at the bottom of the piston, the air pressure below the piston is in\u00a0excess of the pressure above the piston.\r\n\r\nTherefore, this moves the piston rod upwards which in addition moves up the effort arm, pivoted by control unit. This force acting is\r\nbypassed on to punch which also moves downwards. The punch is also, guided by a punch guide which is fixed in such a way that\r\nthe punch is clearly guided to the die. The materials are in between the punch and die. So as the punch descends down, the material is\r\nsheared to the required profile of the punch and the blank is moved downwards through the die clearance.\r\n\r\nAdvantages\r\n\u2022 No extra skill is required for operating this system.\r\n\u2022 This machine can run continuously for longer period.\r\n\u2022 Simple construction than the mechanical and hydraulic presses.\r\n\u2022 Compared to hydraulic and mechanical presses pneumatic press is economical.\r\n\u2022 By this machine we can get more output by applying less effort.\r\n\u2022 This machine is environment friendly.\r\n\u2022 Convenient to assemble and disassemble.\r\n\u2022 Reduce human efforts and time.\r\n\r\nLimitations.\r\n\u2022 Stroke length is fixed.\r\n\u2022 Force developed is very less as compared to hydraulic machine.\r\n\u2022 There is limit on the thickness of sheet metal.\r\n\r\nDownload and Reference :\r\n\r\nDesign and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine","headline":"Design and Development Pneumatic Operated Washer Making Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Design-and-Development-Pneumatic-Operated-Washer-Making-Machine-300x211.jpg","height":211,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-pepper-thresher-machine-mechanical-project/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Design-and-Fabrication-Of-Pepper-thresher-machine-Mechanical-Project-300x134.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine &#8211; Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-pepper-thresher-machine-mechanical-project/">Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine &#8211; Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine - Mechanical Project
INTRODUCTION:
The thrashing machine, or, in modern spelling, threshing machine (or simply thresher), was a machine first...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-and-fabrication-of-pepper-thresher-machine-mechanical-project/" aria-label="View Post: Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine &#8211; Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine &#8211; Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-and-fabrication-of-pepper-thresher-machine-mechanical-project\/","articleBody":"Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine - Mechanical Project\r\nINTRODUCTION:\r\nThe thrashing machine, or, in modern spelling, threshing machine (or simply thresher), was a machine first invented by Scottish mechanical engineer Andrew Meikle for use in agriculture. It was invented (c.1784) for the separation of grain from stalks and husks. For thousands of years, grain was separated by hand with flails, and was very laborious and time consuming. Mechanization of this process took much of the drudgery Out of farm labour.\r\nIn this project we design and fabricate a machine for the purpose of threshing the peppers. In many industries even now the peppers are separeated manually. Due to this manual process in industries there is wastage of money and time. In order to avoid this wastage we have designed the following model called pepper thresher machine.This is an advanced and easy process to separate pepper from the plant. In this process we do not need any high electrical supply to operate the machine. This model has the following parts in it Rotating drum, a hopper and cam operated tray arrangement.\r\n\r\nOBJECTIVE:\r\nProject aims to replace the inefficient,labour intensive manual threshing process and to automate the pepper threshing process at the reqiured rate with minium damage to the pepper berries.\r\n\r\nMETHODOLOGY:\r\n1. Hopper\r\n2. The threshing drum\r\n3. The grain outlet\r\n4. Power transmission system\r\n5. Pulley\r\n6. Stand\r\n7. Single phase induction motor\r\n8. Bearing\r\n\r\n Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine - Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nThe above mentioned parts are used for various purposes in this model to operate it. A motor provided in the model is used actuate the whole model. Pulley is attached to the rear side of the rotating drum. This pulley is connected with the drive by means of belt as shown in the diagram. The motor is rotated with the help of belt arrangement. The drum is rotated with\r\nthe constant speed of 75 rpm. Bottom having tray is used to collect the pepper. This tray is oscillated with the help of cam mechanism. This cam mechanism also operate with the help of same A.C motor.\r\n\r\nSCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK:\r\n1. High HP motor can be used in future to get greater output..\r\n2. Automatic feeding of the the pepper to the machine can be done.\r\n3. Conveyer can be added to the setup.","headline":"Design and Fabrication Of Pepper thresher machine &#8211; Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Design-and-Fabrication-Of-Pepper-thresher-machine-Mechanical-Project-300x134.jpg","height":134,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automation-of-fixtures-using-hydraulic-power-pack-for-a-bogie-underframe/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Automation-of-Fixtures-Using-Hydraulic-Power-Pack-for-a-Bogie-Underframe-300x163.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automation-of-fixtures-using-hydraulic-power-pack-for-a-bogie-underframe/">Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe
Abstract:  In this era of automation technologies manufacturing sectors have placed very high demands on fast and reliable...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/automation-of-fixtures-using-hydraulic-power-pack-for-a-bogie-underframe/" aria-label="View Post: Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/automation-of-fixtures-using-hydraulic-power-pack-for-a-bogie-underframe\/","articleBody":"Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe\r\nAbstract: \r\n\r\nIn this era of automation technologies manufacturing sectors have placed very high demands on fast and reliable production methods. This work is the evaluation &amp; analysis of the existing clamping system. The current system uses manual clamping of fixtures for holding the work piece in the proper position while welding process is being done on the part. The evaluated system uses hydraulic vertical swing clamps for holding the work piece driven by hydraulic power pack. Thus the new system achieves automatic and simultaneous clamping of fixtures.\r\n\r\nIntroduction\r\nThe automatic clamping systems in this paper are designed to work with the hydraulic actuation system (power pack). The automation of clamps using hydraulic vertical swing clamps are designed to work in a sophisticated, precise, reliable, safe as well as accurate production methods. The clamping systems are designed such that they withstand the huge retention forces applied from the work component onto the clamping elements. The work component used is an underframe structure of a train bogie. Underframe is nothing but the base frame of a train coach. The clamping systems are designed to hold the side sills of an underframe. The welding operation is performed to weld the end frames, cross members and various other components on to the side sills of an underframe. Also the clamping systems are analysed to test the load bearing capacity of a clamping system. Providing the proper work holding platform is an important issue in any kind of operations performed on the work component. In this way automation has played a vital role in providing a reliable and fast clamping system which will reduce the cycle time of clamping with the increase in accuracy thus decreasing the possible damages to the work piece. 1.1 Framework of the car body structure: The car body of the train consists of the following principal substructures.\r\n1. Under Frame Structure\r\n2. End wall structure\r\n3. Side wall Structure\r\n4. Cab structure\r\n5. Roof structure\r\n\r\n Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe\r\n\r\nHydraulic Circuits\r\nA hydraulic circuit is a system comprising an interconnected set of discrete components that transport liquid. The purpose of this system is to control where fluid flows (as in a network of tubes of coolant in a thermodynamic system) or to control fluid pressure (as in hydraulic amplifiers). The approach of describing a fluid system in terms of discrete components is inspired by the success of electrical circuit theory. Just as electric circuit theory works when elements are discrete and linear, hydraulic circuit theory works best when the\u00a0elements (passive component such as pipes or transmission lines or active components such as power packs or pumps) are discrete and linear. This usually means that hydraulic circuit analysis works best for long, thin tubes with discrete pumps, as found in chemical process flow systems or micro scale devices.\r\nComponents: The circuit comprises the following components:\r\nActive components-Hydraulic power pack Transmission lines- Hydraulic hoses Passive components- Hydraulic cylinders\r\n\r\nProposed System\r\nAim of the work: Aim of this work is to study and optimise the performance of the under frame jigs being used for the train coach production. The suggested approach would be to automate the clamping by using hydraulic system which will have reduce the cycle time of operation, eliminate human errors and may minimize the damages to the actual product at clamping locations. The total time taken to automatic clamping will be 4-6s. This system is designed to work with automatic clamping of all the fixtures simultaneously which includes total number of 18 fixtures.\r\n\r\nAdvantages of the system The advantages of the proposed system are as follows:\r\n\r\n \tReduces cycle time.\r\n \tReduces labour requirement.\r\n \tSimplicity of the system.\r\n \tIncreases flexibility.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of the system The disadvantages of the proposed system are as follows:\r\n\r\n \tIt requires regular maintenance.\r\n \tLoad\/unload time may increased slightly because of the need to connect the hydraulic hoses.\r\n\r\nReference And Download Report:\r\n\r\nhttp:\/\/www.iosrjournals.org\/iosr-jmce\/papers\/vol10-issue1\/O01017888.pdf","headline":"Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie Underframe","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-18","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Automation-of-Fixtures-Using-Hydraulic-Power-Pack-for-a-Bogie-Underframe-300x163.jpg","height":163,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fast-breeder-reactor-advantages-and-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/fast-breeder-reactor-300x151.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Fast Breeder Reactor &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fast-breeder-reactor-advantages-and-disadvantages/">Fast Breeder Reactor &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Fast Breeder Reactor - Advantages and Disadvantages
Fast Breeder Reactor - Nuclear Power Plant Reactor   Such reactors are designed to produce more fissile material (Plutonium) than they consume...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/fast-breeder-reactor-advantages-and-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Fast Breeder Reactor &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Fast Breeder Reactor &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/fast-breeder-reactor-advantages-and-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Fast Breeder Reactor - Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nFast Breeder Reactor - Nuclear Power Plant Reactor\u00a0\r\n\r\nSuch reactors are designed to produce more fissile material (Plutonium) than they consume (Thorium Th-232). A fast breeder reactor is a small vessel in which the required quantity (correspond\u00ading to critical mass) of enriched uranium or plutonium is kept without a moderator. The fissionable fuel core is surrounded by a blanket of fertile material (U-238 or Th- 232).\r\n\r\nThe fertile material (U-238 or Th-232) absorbs neu\u00adtrons produced by the fissioning of U-235 and produces fissile material Pu-239 or U-233 respectively. Two heat exchangers are used. The reactor core is cooled by liquid metal (sodium or potassium). In the second heat exchanger the coolant is again liquid sodium\/potassium which transfers heat to feed water to generate steam.\r\n\r\nThis prevents the possibility of a sodium-water reac\u00adtion with the radioactive sodium.\r\n\r\nIn fast breeder reactors neutron shielding is provided by using boron, light water, oil or graphite. Gamma-ray shielding is accomplished by lead, concrete with added magnetite or barium etc.\r\n\r\nThe core of a fast reactor needs high enrichment (above 10% of fissile material). To reduce the fuel cost effect, it is imperative to employ high ratings. The core consists of 30% fuel, 50% coolant and 20% canning and structural material by volume.\r\n\r\nThe power density in a fast breeder reactor is considerably higher than in normal reactors. Therefore, liquid sodium, which is an efficient coolant and does not moderate neutrons, is used to take away heat produced in the core. The efficiency obtained with liquid sodium is about 42%, whereas with other coolants it is about 28%.\r\n\r\nAn important advantage of FBR technology is that it can use Thorium (as fertile material) which gets converted to U-233, a fissile isotope. This holds great promise for India as we have one of the world\u2019s largest deposit of Thorium\u2014about 450,000 tons in form of sand dunes in Kerala and along Gopalpur Chattarpur coast of Orissa.\r\n\r\nTypical power densities (MW\/m) in fission reactor cores are \u2013 Gas cooled 0.53; High temperature gas cooled 7.75; Heavy water 18.0; Boiling water 29.0; Pressurized water 54.75 and Fast breeder reactor 760.0.\r\n\r\n fast breeder reactor\r\n\r\nComparison of Thermal and Fast Breeder Reactors:\r\n\r\nThermal reactors have the following advantages and disadvantages as compared to fast breeder reactors:\r\n\r\nAdvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Heat developed per unit volume of core or per unit area of fuel surface is less.\r\n\r\n2. Ease of control.\r\n\r\n3. Greater inherent safety.\r\n\r\nDisadvantages:\r\n\r\n1. Severely limited choice of fuel from the point of view of neutron economy when fuel used is uranium.\r\n\r\n2. Much larger size and weight of reactor per unit power.\r\n\r\n3. More fissile material consumption than could be automatically replaced.\r\n\r\nFast breeder reactors can convert more fertile material to fissile material and therefore, net fuel consumption is much less. As a matter of fact more fissile material could be produced than would be consumed by it (fast breeder reactor).","headline":"Fast Breeder Reactor &#8211; Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2018-07-17","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/fast-breeder-reactor-300x151.png","height":151,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=173">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=172"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>172</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=173"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>173</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>174</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=175"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>175</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=176"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>176</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=175">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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