<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head>  <script defer src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-63955840-1"></script> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,CgkgIHdpbmRvdy5kYXRhTGF5ZXIgPSB3aW5kb3cuZGF0YUxheWVyIHx8IFtdOwoJICBmdW5jdGlvbiBndGFnKCl7ZGF0YUxheWVyLnB1c2goYXJndW1lbnRzKTt9CgkgIGd0YWcoJ2pzJywgbmV3IERhdGUoKSk7CgoJICAKCSAgCSAgZ3RhZygnY29uZmlnJywgJ1VBLTYzOTU1ODQwLTEnKTsKCSAgCgk="></script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/www.gunkrazy.com-favicon-image.png"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><title>Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering</title><meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/><link rel="canonical" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta property="og:url" content="//www.gunkrazy.com/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Mechanical Engineering blog" /><meta property="fb:admins" content="https://www.facebook.com/sachin.thorat3" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:title" content="Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@thoratsachin027" /><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Time to read" /><meta name="twitter:data1" content="Less than a minute" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person","name":"Sachin Thorat","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/royal.mech.engg","https://twitter.com/thoratsachin027"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#logo","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","contentUrl":"//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png","caption":"Mechanical Engineering blog","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"300","height":"300"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#website","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com","name":"Mechanical Engineering blog","publisher":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"//www.gunkrazy.com/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage","url":"//www.gunkrazy.com/","name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","about":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#website"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#author","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=96&amp;d=wavatar&amp;r=g","inLanguage":"en-US"}},{"@type":"Article","headline":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","datePublished":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","dateModified":"2020-01-22T20:14:00+05:30","author":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#person"},"name":"Home - Learn Mechanical Engineering","@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"//www.gunkrazy.com/#webpage"}}]}</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="5Sa35IchqdSspzqAS1DI0AQEde9mldI2FZu66psXg" /><meta name="msvalidate.01" content="0633F9DED879963ED766DB4D21411F2B" /><meta name="yandex-verification" content="6203245cb91cc415" /><meta name="p:domain_verify" content="1d54713710a5b65365ad80e5daccdb40" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Feed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Learn Mechanical Engineering &raquo; Comments Feed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/comments/feed/" /> <script defer src="data:text/javascript;base64,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"></script> <!--noptimize--><script id="learn-ready">
			window.advanced_ads_ready=function(e,a){a=a||"complete";var d=function(e){return"interactive"===a?"loading"!==e:"complete"===e};d(document.readyState)?e():document.addEventListener("readystatechange",(function(a){d(a.target.readyState)&&e()}),{once:"interactive"===a})},window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[];		</script>
		<!--/noptimize--><style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>img.wp-smiley, img.emoji {
		display: inline !important;
		border: none !important;
		box-shadow: none !important;
		height: 1em !important;
		width: 1em !important;
		margin: 0 0.07em !important;
		vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
		background: none !important;
		padding: 0 !important;
	}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.3' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item}</style><style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>/*! This file is auto-generated */
.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}
:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}
:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-income-school-style-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_6aa70931e213384c9a6255eeedb3f19f.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width768-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_4097091fbbb660b667281e5052538af8.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 768px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width960-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_1b82ae29fa8c6f6b1dda16beb19cfc46.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 960px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='defer-style-min-width1200-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_90097e866176b4ced86c9b703df91b35.php?ver=1.4.1' type='text/css' media='(min-width: 1200px)' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_605682d15b905afcca53b93514fbaeca.php?ver=2.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='custom-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>.search-wrapper #search-icon{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png") center/cover no-repeat #fff;}.share-container .email-btn:before{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/envelope.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.share-container .print-btn:before{background:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/print-icon.svg") center/cover no-repeat;}.externallinkimage{background-image:url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/extlink.png")}body, body ul, body li, body td, body th, body p, body p.legal-disclaimer, body  input, body select, body optgroup, body textarea, body .entry-meta span, body.single .entry-meta .byline, .entry-content .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li a{ color: #4f4f4f; }body.home #page .hero-text-wrapper h2.hero-text{ color:#ffffff; }#content h1, #content h2:not(.widget-title, .hero-text, .section-header-text, .card-title), #content h3, #content .author-card .author-info a, #content h4, #content h5, #content h6, #content .header { color: #bf22b2; }body .article-card header p a{color:#ff392e;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text,#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card h2:before{ background-color:#d693c6;}#page .featured-categories-wrapper .category-card:hover h2:before{ opacity:0.5; transition:opacity 500ms;}body.home #page h2.section-header-text, body.home #page h2.card-title{ color:#ff392e;}body a, body a:visited, body a:focus, body a:active{ color: #ff392e; }body a:hover, body a:visited:hover, body a:focus, body a:active { color: #ff392e }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, #content .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #content input[type='reset'], #content input[type='submit'], #content .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { background: #ff392e; }.woocommerce #respond input#submit, .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color), #page button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), #page a.button:visited:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='button']:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit), input[type='reset'], input[type='submit'], .button:not(.hamburger, .toggle-submenu, .search-submit) { color: #f2f2f2; }.woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs::before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li{border-color:#bababa;}#content hr, body .wp-block-separator{ background-color: #bababa; } #page aside#secondary .legal-info-container, #page aside#secondary .sidebar-ad{ border-top-color: #bababa;} #page .author-card{border-top-color: #bababa;border-bottom-color: #bababa;}#page .site-footer{border-top-color: #bababa;}@media (min-width: 960px){#page .site-content .widget-area{border-left-color:#bababa;}}#content #antibounce { background: #f0f0f0; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card .copy-wrapper p{ color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button{ background-color: #000000; }body #content #antibounce .antibounce-card button { color: #ffffff }
.article-card .image-container {
   
    background-size: contain;</style><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/11350" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.3" /><link rel='shortlink' href='//www.gunkrazy.com/' /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunkrazy.com%2F" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunkrazy.com%2F&#038;format=xml" /><meta name="category" content="homepage" /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"><link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Franklin:wght@400;800&family=Roboto+Condensed&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"><style>ins.adsbygoogle { background-color: transparent; padding: 0; }</style><script  async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-1685119944030639" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> </head><body class="home page-template-default page page-id-11350 aa-prefix-learn-"><div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a><header id="masthead" class="site-header desktop-toggle"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="hamburger-wrapper desktop"> <button class="hamburger hamburger--squeeze menu-toggle" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> <span class="label">MENU</span> </button></div><div class="site-branding"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="300" height="300" src="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-e1587148384722.png 300w, //www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/learn-mech-logo-1-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a></div><div class="search-wrapper"> <a href="#open" id="search-icon" style="background: url(//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png) center/cover no-repeat #fff;"><span class="sr-only">Search</span></a><div class="search-form-wrapper"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="//www.gunkrazy.com/"><style>.search-wrapper.search-active .search-field {
			width: 200px;
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
		}
		.search-wrapper button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block;
			vertical-align: top;
			top: -35px;
			position: relative;
			background-color: transparent;
			height: 30px;
			width: 30px;
			padding: 0;
			margin: 0;
			background-image: url("//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/themes/acabado/img/search-icon.png");
			background-position: center;
			background-repeat: no-repeat;
			background-size: contain;
		}
		.search-wrapper.search-active button[type="submit"] {
			display: inline-block !important;
		}</style><label for="s"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search &hellip;" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit" style="display:none;"><span class="screen-reader-text"></span></button></form></div></div></div><nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation"><div class="menu-main-manu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-13454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-home menu-item-13454"><a href="http://www.gunkrazy.com">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-13461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13461"><a target="_blank" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/">Subject Wise Notes</a></li><li id="menu-item-13456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-13456"><a target="_blank" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/">Projects List</a></li><li id="menu-item-13457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-13457"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Project and seminars</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13458"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a></li><li id="menu-item-13459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13459"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-13460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13460"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Software</a></li><li id="menu-item-13462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13462"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">GATE</a></li><li id="menu-item-13466" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-13466"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career</a> <button type='button' class='toggle-submenu'><span class='sr-only'>Submenu Toggle</span> </button><ul class='submenu'><li id="menu-item-13467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13467"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a></li><li id="menu-item-13468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13468"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></nav></header><div id="content" class="site-content"><div id="primary" class="content-area"><section class="featured-categories-wrapper"><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/jigs-and-fixture-design1-768x581.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-engineering-projects/"><h2 class="card-title">Index of Mechanical Projects</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/lathe-machine-operation-768x515.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/mechanical-subject-wise-basic-concept-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Mechanical Subjects notes</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/CATIA-V5-Surface.jpg')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/cad-software/"><h2 class="card-title">CAD Design</h2> </a></article><article class="category-card col-one-fourth" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Orbital-Welding-Process-Equipment-Application-min-1.png')"> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/manufacturing-technology-notes/"><h2 class="card-title">Manufacturing Technology Notes</h2> </a></article></section><main id="main" class="site-main"><section class="articles-wrapper"><h2 class="section-header-text">Recent Posts</h2><article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hollow-shaft-vs-solid-shaft-difference/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/hollow-shaft-vs-solid-shaft-300x100.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hollow-shaft-vs-solid-shaft-difference/">Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?
Before Selection of Shaft you must be considered whether to choose hollow shaft or Solid Shaft depending upon the type of application, power...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/hollow-shaft-vs-solid-shaft-difference/" aria-label="View Post: Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/hollow-shaft-vs-solid-shaft-difference\/","articleBody":"Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?\r\nBefore Selection of Shaft you must be considered whether to choose hollow shaft or Solid Shaft depending upon the type of application, power Requirement, torque transmission requirement, weight, cost, machining time, Material.\u00a0\r\n\r\nDifference \/Comparison Between Hollow Shaft and Solid shaft as Below:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tWeight: In comparison to a solid shaft, a hollow shaft is of less weight, for a given length and diameter. This is pretty obvious and wont be requiring any further explanation. Moreover it\u2019s a good idea to go ahead with hollow shafts, if we emphasize on weight reduction and cost-cutting.\r\n \tHollow shafts are much better to take torsional loads compared to solid shafts. As shown in the figure, shear stress in a \u201cshaft subjected to torsion\u201d varies linearly from zero at the center to the maximum at the boundary. Inside a solid shaft, most of the material experiences \/ carries a shear stress whose value is much below the maximum shear stress [Interior portion of the shaft]. But at the same, they are adding to the weight, without contributing much to the capability of the shaft to carry the torsional load.\r\nShear stress at a point in a hollow shaft (\u03c4)(\u03c4) is given by , \u03c4=TrIp\u03c4=TrIpwhere \u03c4=\u03c4=Shear stress in a hollow shaft\r\n\r\nTT = Torque in shaft (N-m)\r\n\r\n hollow shaft vs solid shaft\r\n\r\nrr = radial distance from the center to the point of interest (m)\r\n\r\nIp=Ip=Polar area moment of inertia (m4m4)\r\n\r\nAverage shear stress[ (Min. Shear stress + Max. Shear Stress))\/ 2 ] in a hollow shaft will be higher compared to a solid shaft and its value is closer to the maximum shear stress.\r\nHollow shaft has a greater strength to weight ratio.\r\n \tWall Thickness: If we reduce the wall thickness, then there are chances of wrinkling or buckling of the shaft wall. So we have to be careful about these things.\r\n \tCost Consideration:\u00a0 Cost of Hollow shaft is more than solid shaft because of machining is needed for hollow shaft which is time-consuming.\r\n \tHollow shaft exhibits high resistance to stresses while the solid shaft may tend to fracture at a certain limit.\r\n\r\nSelection Of Hollow Shaft or Solid Shaft Depends On :\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tFor a load-bearing type of shaft, then its always better to choose a hollow shaft because it has higher stiffness and rigidity and can resist slightly higher bending moments.\r\n \tA shaft for torque transmission like crankshafts, drive shafts it is always better to choose a solid shaft because it has higher torsional stiffness.\r\n \tHollow shaft is not always better compare to a solid shaft. It depends on our uses. When there is no space constraint, then for the same mass, the hollow shaft is better than the solid shaft. But if we have a radial space constraint then the solid shaft is preferred since, in this case solid shaft has more power transfer capacity than the hollow shaft.\r\n \tPractical use: In some mixing applications, gas is fed through a hollow shaft to aerate the product. Other fluids can be supplied this way, either directly or inside a tube-like compressed air, hydraulic fluid, or coolant.\r\n \tAssembly: Sometimes, it is simpler to affix the appropriate ends to a hollow shaft for custom length shafts, similar to RWD vehicle drivelines. One could stock tube and the end pieces, cut the tube to whatever length is needed, and attach the ends. This can be simpler for some shops and applications than building a custom solid shaft.\r\n \tWeight: The strength of circular members is mainly contributed by their outer surface. The core of a solid shaft is essentially wasted material in some cases. It may be helpful from a mechanical standpoint to reduce rotating mass, or it can simply be a matter of value.\r\n \tVibration: Natural frequency of hollow shafts differ from solid shafts. Typically, a hollow shaft can increase the critical speed about 20% compared to a solid shaft\r\n\r\nAdvantage of hollow shafts:\r\n1. Lightweight comparable to the solid shaft of the same diameter.\r\n2. Low rotational inertia.\r\n3. Cheaper.\r\n4. High tolerance to rotational imbalance due to low weight.\r\n5. Also, hollow shafts are tolerant to high temperature because of low specific mass.\r\nDisadvantage of hollow shafts:\r\n1. Less tolerant to over-torque.\r\n2. Prone to bending especially when exposed to lateral stress.\r\nEx. boat propeller shaft.\r\n3. Even though it is tolerant to mild imbalance, this however increases as rotational speed exceeds the critical limit.\r\nAdvantages of solid shafts:\r\n1. Suitable for high torque applications.\r\n2. Very resistant to bending.\r\n3. When perfectly rolled it has a very smooth operation even at high speeds.\r\n4. High rigidity even at a small diameter.\r\nDisadvantages of solid shafts.\r\n1. High cost.\r\n2. It must be perfectly straight from the manufacture. A slight imbalance is not tolerable and very hard to deal with.\r\n3. High rotational inertia especially on larger diameters.\r\n4. On application where the shaft is exposed to very high temperatures, solid shaft made of mild steel bends even at rest. Special metal is used for this application thus adding cost.","headline":"Hollow Shaft vs Solid Shaft- Which Is Better?","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-12-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 16, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/hollow-shaft-vs-solid-shaft-300x100.jpg","height":100,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/plasma-arc-machining-process-diagram-advantages-disadvantages/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/plasma-arc-machninig-working-principle-diagram-300x162.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Plasma Arc Machining- Process, Diagram , Advantages and Disadvantages</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/plasma-arc-machining-process-diagram-advantages-disadvantages/">Plasma Arc Machining- Process, Diagram , Advantages and Disadvantages</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Plasma Arc Machining: Introduction
Plasma-arc machining (PAM) employs a high-velocity jet of high-temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Called PAM, this is a method of cutting...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/plasma-arc-machining-process-diagram-advantages-disadvantages/" aria-label="View Post: Plasma Arc Machining- Process, Diagram , Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Plasma Arc Machining- Process, Diagram , Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/plasma-arc-machining-process-diagram-advantages-disadvantages\/","articleBody":"Plasma Arc Machining: Introduction\r\nPlasma-arc machining (PAM) employs a high-velocity jet of high-temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Called PAM, this is a method of cutting metal with a plasma-arc, or tungsten inert-gas-arc, torch. The torch produces a high-velocity jet of high-temperature ionized gas called plasma that cuts by melting and removing material from the workpiece. Temperatures in the plasma zone range from 20,000\u00b0 to 50,000\u00b0 F (11,000\u00b0 to 28,000\u00b0 C).\r\n\r\nThis article consists of the Plasma arc machining working principle, plasma arc machining diagram, process, advantages and Disadvantages of plasma arc machining, application of plasma arc machining.\r\nWhat is Plasma\r\nSolids, liquids, and gases are the three familiar states of matter. In general when solid is heated, it turns to liquids and the liquids eventually become gases. When a gas is heated to sufficiently high temperature, the atoms (molecules) are split into free electrons and ions. The dynamical properties of this gas of free electrons and ions are sufficiently different from the normal unionized gas. So, it can be considered\r\na fourth state of matter, and is given a new name, PLASMA\u2019. In other words, when the following gas is heated to a sufficiently high temperature of the order of 11,000\u00b0C to 28,000\u00b0C, it becomes partially ionized and it is known as \u2018PLASMA\u2019. This is a mixture of free electrons, positively charged ions, and neutral atoms.\r\n\r\nThis plasma is used for the metal removal process. The plasma arc machining process is used for cutting alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, nickel, titanium, and aluminum, etc.\r\nWorking Principle of PAM\r\nIn the plasma arc machining process, the material is removed by directing a high-velocity jet of high temperature (11000\u00b0C to 28,000\u00b0C) ionized gas on the workpiece. This high-temperature plasma jet melts the material of the workpiece.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nplasma arc machining working principle diagram\r\nProcess Details of PAM\r\nDetails of PAM are described below.\r\n\r\n \tPlasma Gun\r\n Gases are used to create plasma-like, nitrogen, argon, hydrogen, or a mixture of these gases. The plasma gun consists of a tungsten electrode fitted in the chamber. The electrode is given negative polarity and the nozzle of the gun is given positive polarity. The supply of gases is maintained into the gun. A strong\u00a0arc is established between the two terminals anode and cathode. There is a collision between molecules of gas and electrons of the established arc. As a result of this collision, gas molecules get ionized and heat is evolved. This hot and ionized gas called plasma is directed to the workpiece with high velocity. The established arc is controlled by the supply rate of gases.\r\n\r\n \tPower Supply and Terminals\r\nPower supply (DC) is used to develop two terminals in the plasma gun. A tungsten electrode is inserted to the gun and made cathode and nozzle of the gun is made anode. Heavy potential difference is applied across the electrodes to develop a plasma state of gases.\r\n\r\n \tCooling Mechanism\r\nAs we know that hot gases continuously come out of nozzle so there are chances of its overheating. A water jacket is used to surround the nozzle to avoid its overheating.\r\n\r\n \tTooling\r\nThere is no direct visible tool used in PAM. Focused spray of ho0t, plasma state gases works as a cutting tool.\r\n\r\n \tWorkpiece\r\nThe workpiece of different materials can be processed by the PAM process. These materials are aluminum, magnesium, stainless steel, and carbon and alloy steels. All those material which can be processed by LBM can also be processed by the PAM process.\r\n\r\nConstruction Of Plasma arc Machining :\r\n\u2022 The schematic arrangement of plasma arc machining is shown in Fig.\r\n\u2022 The plasma arc cutting torch carries a tungsten electrode fitted in a small chamber.\r\n\u2022 This electrode is connected to the negative terminal of a DC power supply. So it acts as a cathode.\r\n\u2022 The positive terminal of a D.C power supply is connected to the nozzle formed near the bottom of the chamber. So, nozzle acts as an anode.\r\n\u2022 A small passage is provided on one side of the torch for supplying gas into the chamber.\r\n\u2022 Since there is a water circulation around the torch, the electrode and the nozzle remains water-cooled.\r\n\r\nConstruction of PAM\r\nWorking of PAM :\r\n\r\n \tWhen a D.C power is given to the circuit, a strong arc is produced between the electrode (cathode) and the nozzle (anode).\r\n \tA gas usually hydrogen (H2) or Nitrogen (N2) is passed into the chamber.\r\n \tThis gas is heated to a sufficiently high temperature of the order of 11,000\u00b0C to 28,000\u00b0C by using an electric arc produced between the electrode and the nozzle.\r\n \tIn this high temperature, the gases are ionized and a large amount of thermal energy is liberated.\r\n \tThis high velocity and high-temperature ionized gas (plasma) is directed on the workpiece surface through the nozzle.\r\n \tThis plasma jet melts the metal of the workpiece and the high-velocity gas stream effectively blows the molten metal away.\r\n \tThe heating of workpiece material is not due to any chemical reaction, but due. to the continuous attack of plasma on the workpiece material. So, it can be safely used for machining of any metal including those which can be subjected to the chemical reaction.\r\n\r\nACCURACY\r\n\r\n\u2022 Plasma arc machining is a roughing operation to an accuracy of around 1.4 mm with the corresponding surface finish. Accuracy on\r\nthe width of slots and the diameter of holes is ordinarily from \u00b1 4 mm on 100 to 150 mm thick plates.\r\nGASES USED IN PAM\r\nThe selection of a particular gas for use in this process mainly depends on the expected quality of surface finish on the work material and economic consideration. The gases used in this process, should not affect the electrode or the workpiece to be machined. The commonly used gases and gas mixtures are given in the following table.\r\n\r\n\n\n\n\n\tSr. No. Gas or Gas Mixture Material to be Machined\n\n\n\n\n\t1Nitrogen - Hydrogen,\nArgon - Hydrogen\nStainless steel and non- ferrous metals.\n\n\n\n\t2Nitrogen - Hydrogen,\ncompressed air\nCarbon and alloy steels, cast iron.\n\n\n\n\t3Nitrogen, \nNitrogen - Hydrogen,\nArgon - Hydrogen\nAluminium, Magnesium\n\n\n\n\r\nSTAND OFF DISTANCE\r\nStand-off distance is the distance between the nozzle tip and the workpiece. When the stand-off distance increases, the depth of penetration is reduced. With an excessive reduction of the stand-off distance, the plasma torch can be damaged by the metal spatter. The optimum\r\nstand-off distance depends on the thickness of the metal being machined and varies from 6 to 10 mm.\r\nADVANTAGES OF PAM\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0It can be used to cut any metal.\r\n \t\u00a0The cutting rate is high.\r\n \tAs compared to the ordinary flame cutting process, it can cut plain carbon steel four times faster.\r\n \tIt is used for rough turning of very difficult materials.\r\n \tDue to the high speed of cutting, the deformation of sheet metal is reduced while the width of the cut is minimum and the surface quality is high.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES OF PAM\r\n1. It produces a tapered surface.\r\n2. The protection of noise is necessary.\r\n3. The equipment cost is high.\r\n4. Protection of eyes is necessary for the operator and persons working in nearby areas.\r\n5. Oxidation and scale formation takes place. So, it requires shielding.\r\n6. The work surface may undergo metallurgical changes.\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n1. It is used for cutting alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, nickel, titanium, aluminum, and alloy of copper and nickel, etc.\r\n2. It is used for profile cutting.\r\n3. It is successfully used for turning and milling of hard to machine materials.\r\n4. It can be used for stack cutting, shape cutting, piercing, and underwater cutting.\r\n5. Uniform thin film spraying of refractory materials on different metals, plastics, ceramics are also done by plasma arcs.\r\nCHARACTERISTICS OF PAM\r\n\r\n \tMetal removal technique: Heating, melting, and vaporizing by using plasma.\r\n \tWork material .-All materials that conduct electricity.\r\n \tTool: Plasma jet\r\n \tVelocity of plasma jet: 500 m \/s\r\n \tPower range: 2 to 220 kW\r\n \tCurrent: As high as 600 amp.\r\n \tVoltage : 40 - 250 V\r\n \tCutting speed: 0. 1 to 7 m \/ min\r\n \tMetal removal rate: 145 cm3 \/min\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSome Questions and Answers Related to PAM\u00a0\r\n1. What is plasma?\r\n\r\nWhen a flowing gas is heated to a sufficiently high temperature of the order of 1 l,000\u00b0C to 28,000\u00b0C, it becomes partially ionized and it is known as plasma.\r\n\r\n2. What is transferred arc type plasma?\u00a0\r\n\r\nIn the transferred arc type process, the electrode is connected to the negative terminal of the D.C power supply, and the workpiece is connected to the positive terminal of a D.C power supply. So, more electrical energy is transferred to the work, thus giving more heat to the work.\r\n\r\n3. What is non-transferred arc type plasma?\r\n\r\nIn non-transferred arc type, the electrode is connected to the negative terminal of a D.C power supply and the nozzle is connected to the positive terminal of a D.C power supply. When the working gas passing through the nozzle, a part of the working gas becomes heated, ionized, and emerges from the torch as the plasma jet. This plasma feeds the heat to the workpiece. This type of torches are used for non- conducting materials.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMore Resources \/articles\r\nManufacturing Technology Notes , Articles\r\nMechanical Subjectwise Basic Concept Notes ,Articles\r\nMachine Shop Projects List , Abstract\r\nMachine Tool , Manufacturing Projects List - Abstract , Report\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n&nbsp;","headline":"Plasma Arc Machining- Process, Diagram , Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-12-01","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"April 27, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/plasma-arc-machninig-working-principle-diagram-300x162.jpg","height":162,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/top-mechanical-engineering-companies-india/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/top-mechanical-engineering-companies-for-india-300x108.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to TOP MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COMPANIES IN INDIA</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/top-mechanical-engineering-companies-india/">TOP MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COMPANIES IN INDIA</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Top Mechanical Engineering Companies In India .
Mechanical engineering is that engineering field which involves design, production and operation of machineries. It is one of the oldest and vast...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/top-mechanical-engineering-companies-india/" aria-label="View Post: TOP MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COMPANIES IN INDIA">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"TOP MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COMPANIES IN INDIA","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/top-mechanical-engineering-companies-india\/","articleBody":"Top Mechanical Engineering Companies In India .\r\nMechanical engineering is that engineering field which involves design, production and operation of machineries. It is one of the oldest and vast engineering disciplines.\r\n\r\nThis branch of engineering requires understanding of core concepts that includes mechanics, kinematics, materials science, thermodynamics, structural analysis, and electricity.\r\n\r\nTop Mechanical Companies For Mechanical engineers\r\n\r\nMechanical engineers are hired by many organizations which engage in various fields or sectors in India. Here we enlisted the top mechanical engineering companies in India:\r\n\r\n1. Thermax:\r\nIt is an India and Britain based energy and environmental engineering company and also a great organization to find job opportunities for the ME graduates. They are engaged in a wide range of business areas like vapor absorption machines, boilers, provides water and waste solutions and installation of captive power projects. It is also a historic brand name of boilers and also popular for its former toughened-glass company.\r\n\r\n2. Larsen &amp; Toubro:\r\nAlso popular as L&amp;T\u2019 they are the leaders in the engineering and construction sector in India. It was started by Danish engineers who took refuge in India, as well as an Indian financing partner. They worked in different industries like Automobiles, Aerospace, Electrical, Mining, Metals, etc. They recruit engineers for efficiently carrying out operations in most of the mentioned sectors. They have good manufacturing units in India and also has an office in the Middle East and other parts of Asia.\r\n\r\n3. Godrej Group:\r\nThis name is also engaged in different sectors and are leaders in Locks and Furniture manufacture, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning; managed and mainly owned by the Godrej family. They have their headquarters in Mumbai and the company has earned the top 15th position among the best companies to work in India. They recruit engineers for their operations in electrical and electronics division, precision engineering division and process equipment division.\r\n\r\n4. Kirloskar:\r\nThis is an Indian conglomerate with headquarter in Pune, Maharashtra, India. The company exports to more than 70 countries over most of Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. They manufacture Compressors, Valves, Engines and Parts, Pumps, Agricultural Products, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning related things and more and recruit mechanical engineers for a wide range of their operations.\r\n\r\n5. TATA Group:\r\nBesides the recent issues, Tata group, is yet a popular business group in India and holds the top position among mechanical engineering businesses In India. They are one of most known business groups in the world. Tata Group was founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata as a trading company. Now it operates in more than 80 countries across 6 continents. Tata receives more than 58% of its revenue from overseas. In their recruitment for engineers, mechanical engineers belong to a major part and they recruit engineers for most of their mechanical engineering operations.\r\n\r\n6. Siemens:\r\n\r\nSiemens is well known name world wide. They also cover wide product range. In India, they have 19 manufacturing plants.\r\n\r\n7.\u00a0BOSCH India:\r\n\r\nI, personally, have heard of BOSCH for spark plug. They are best in the market. But, apart from that, BOSCH is complete empire. They are the well recognized name in the industry. They work in Automotive Technologies, Power Tools, Security Systems, Packaging Technology, Industrial Equipments and many more.They have one of the most advanced production plants in India.\r\n\r\nIn India, they are located at Bangalore, Pune, Ahmadabad, Chennai, Nasik and more.\r\n\r\n8.\u00a0Geometric Ltd:\r\n\r\nGeometric is software option for the Mechanical Engineers. Geometric works in PLM(Product Lifecycle Management) domain. For Mechanical Engineers, having interest in PLM, Design Softwares, CAD, CAM, CAE, Geometric is real good place to work. They need to have the Mechanical Concepts along with Software Knowledge.\r\n\r\nGeometric facilities are available at many places in world. In India, they are at Mumbai, Pune, Bengalore, Chennai etc.\r\n\r\n3dPLM is joint venture of Geometric and Dassault Systems. It also works in the PLM domain.","headline":"TOP MECHANICAL ENGINEERING COMPANIES IN INDIA","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-11-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/top-mechanical-engineering-companies-for-india-300x108.jpg","height":108,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-2018-online-mock-test-mechanical-students/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/gate-2018-mechanical-enginering-300x110.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-2018-online-mock-test-mechanical-students/">GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an examination conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore and the seven...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-2018-online-mock-test-mechanical-students/" aria-label="View Post: GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/gate-2018-online-mock-test-mechanical-students\/","articleBody":"GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students\r\nGraduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an examination conducted jointly by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore and the seven Indian Institutes of Technology (at Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee) on behalf of the\r\nNational Coordination Board (NCB)-GATE, Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India.Gate 2018 Mock test will help students to understand exact\u00a0 process of GATE examination.\r\n\r\nQualifying in GATE is a mandatory requirement for seeking admission and\/or financial assistance to:\r\n\r\n(i) Master\u2019s programs and direct Doctoral programs in Engineering\/Technology\/Architecture and\r\n\r\n(ii) Doctoral programs in relevant branches of Science, in the institutions supported by the MHRD and other Government agencies. Even in some colleges and institutions, which admit students without MHRD scholarship\/assistantship, the GATE qualification is mandatory. Further, many Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) have been using the GATE score in their recruitment process.\r\n\r\ngate 2018 mechanical enginering\r\nGATE Mock Test 2018 - \r\nIIT Guwahati has released the GATE 2018 Mock Test for all the aspirants on November 23, 2017. Candidates who will be preparing for GATE 2018 examination will be able to attempt the mock test for preparation purposes. By using the GATE mock test 2018, the candidates will be able to check the examination pattern and division of subjects while also experiencing the test in an environment similar to the examination. The GATE 2018 mock test is available online for all papers. Time management can also be honed by the candidates by using the GATE mock test 2018. Candidates will have to choose their respective GATE papers while attempting the mock test of GATE 2018. A total of 180 minutes will be provided to the candidates for solving the mock test. Read the full article to know the process and information about GATE mock test 2018.\r\n\r\nSee Also:GATE 2018 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)\r\nFeatures of GATE Mock Test 2018\r\nThe candidates can check the main features of GATE 2018 mock test from the points given below:\r\n\r\nThe total duration of GATE mock test 2018 will be 180 minutes.\r\n\r\nThere will be 10 questions from General Aptitude and 55 questions from the repective paper for the engineering disciplines\r\nThere will be no scores allotted to the candidates after the mock test is over as the test is only for practice purpose.\r\n\r\nThe candidates will be able to use the given virtual calculator for calculations during the mock test, similar to the real examination.\r\n\r\nBy attempting the mock test, the candidates will be able to understand the exam pattern of GATE 2018 better.\r\n\r\nAll of the questions asked in the mock test will be from the previous year examination and therefore the candidates will be able to prepare well for the upcoming GATE 2018 exam.\r\n\r\nOfficial Mock Test 2018 For Mechanical Students:\u00a0\r\n\r\n \tOfficial Link For Gate 2018 Online Mechanical Mock test\u00a0\r\n \tOfficial Link For Gate 2017 Online Mechanical Mock test\u00a0","headline":"GATE 2018 Online Mock Test For Mechanical Students","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-11-30","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/gate-2018-mechanical-enginering-300x110.jpg","height":110,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-automated-wall-plastering-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Design-Of-Automated-Wall-Plastering-Machine-300x192.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-automated-wall-plastering-machine/">Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine -Mechancial Project
ABSTRACT
Due to manual process of wall plastering on construction site, there is a huge scale requirement of labor and hence the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/design-automated-wall-plastering-machine/" aria-label="View Post: Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/design-automated-wall-plastering-machine\/","articleBody":"Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine -Mechancial Project\r\nABSTRACT\r\nDue to manual process of wall plastering on construction site, there is a huge scale requirement of labor and hence the labor cost is responsible for increasing the price of construction or project work. The quality of work is mostly depending on the skill of the labor work in manual plastering process.\r\nThe solution of these problems is just to automate the process, so that there will be a saving of period and cost and getting good plaster finishing to the walls. The plastering machine can plaster the walls automatically and very smoothly. Due to which the process will fast and there will be saving of cost and time this will helps to reduce the total cost, total time which ultimately responsible for the growth and hence the progress rate of a country is going to increase.\r\n\r\nPROBLEM IDENTIFICATION\r\nIn the manual plastering technique, the crucial factor is skilled labor because of which plastering has been done on the walls, but presently there is lack of skilled labors due to which it is very inconvenient to complete this process. The labor requires more time to finish the process which increases their wages and hence the total plastering or labor cost increases.\r\n\r\nObjectives\r\nFrom the above discussion about old plastering techniques, problems in old plastering techniques, their downsides, background of the plastering method and the decided aim to be achieve following are some objective have been decided.\r\n1. This Machine will reduce the human work.\r\n2. It will be straight forward in construction and simple to control.\r\n3. Higher excellence of the plaster can acquire.\r\n4. It will be move horizontally from to other place. So that it will be portable.\r\n5. It will assist to save labor cost.\r\n6. It will avoid wastages of the mortar, thus to save the cost.\r\n7. Machine cost will be less than existing machines.\r\n8. It can be control with the help of remote controller.\r\n\r\nDesign Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine\r\n\r\nDownload\u00a0 Report\/ Reference:\r\n\r\nDesign Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine","headline":"Design Of Automated Wall Plastering Machine","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-11-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Design-Of-Automated-Wall-Plastering-Machine-300x192.jpg","height":192,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-valvetronic-engine-technology-report-download/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Valvetronic-Engine-Technology-Seminar-PPT-with-Pdf-Report-275x300.gif')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-valvetronic-engine-technology-report-download/">Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download
Abstract
The Valvetronic engine is the world's first engine without a throttle butterfly. Valvetronic allows the engine to run without a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-valvetronic-engine-technology-report-download/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-valvetronic-engine-technology-report-download\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download\r\nAbstract\r\nThe Valvetronic engine is the world's first engine without a throttle butterfly. Valvetronic allows the engine to run without a throttle butterfly, the cylinder charge being determined under part load as a function of the valve-opening period. The intake and outlet camshafts are driven by variable cam adjustment, BMW's Vanos technology.\r\n\r\nA further advantage of this concept is that it allows worldwide use of the proven three-way catalyst for emissions management, thus meeting even the strictest emissions standards in the US.\r\n\r\nInnovative technology was essential in order to reach the demanding objectives and functional requirements desired. However, at the same time, this concept demanded the utmost of the electronic control and management systems in the engine.\r\n\r\nA comparison with the human being clearly explains how Valvetronic works: Whenever we are required to make a great effort, we human beings breathe in a deep and long process of ventilation. Whenever we need less air, we do not throttle the supply of air by, say, closing our nose or our mouth, but simply breathe in a shorter, flatter process of ventilation. In a conventional combustion engine the throttle butterfly is basically comparable to a human being keeping his nose or mouth at least partially closed. With its large valve lift (= deep, long ventilation) and short valve lift (= flat, short process of ventilation), Valvetronic, on the other hand, is able to breathe in the same way as nature - always in line with current requirements, without any kind of throttling effect and therefore with maximum efficiency.\r\n\r\nValvetronic Technology\r\nAccordingly, the Valvetronic engine no longer requires a throttle butterfly, which has quite literally restricted the free ventilation of the internal combustion engine ever since its invention. Now Valvetronic replaces this conventional function by infinitely variable intake valve lift, offering a quantum leap in technology quite comparable to the changeover from the carburetor to fuel injection.\r\n\r\nIts most important feature is that it is able to save at least 10 per cent fuel throughout the entire operating range relevant to the customer, with a corresponding reduction in exhaust emissions, regardless of fuel quality. And a further important point is that the efficient operation of Valvetronic does not require any unusual types and grades of oil possibly difficult to obtain.\r\n\r\nValvetronic Engine Technology Seminar PPT with Pdf Report\r\n\r\nWorking Of Valvetronic Engine\r\nCompared with conventional twin-cam engines with finger followers, Valvetronic employs an additional eccentric shaft, an electric motor and several intermediate rocker arms, which in turn activates the opening and closing of valves. If the rocker arms push deeper, the intake valves will have a higher lift, and vice-versa. Thus, Valvetronic has the ability to get deep, long ventilation (large valve lift) and flat, short ventilation (short valve lift), depending on the demands placed on the engine\r\n\r\nCylinder heads with Valvetronic use an extra set of rocker arms, called intermediate arms (lift scaler), positioned between the valve stem and the camshaft. These intermediate arms are able to pivot on a central point, by means of an extra, electronicly actuated camshaft. This movement alone, without any movement of the intake camshaft, can open or close the intake valves.\r\n\r\nThe Valvetronic system is based on BMW's established double VANOS system, which steplessly varies the timing of both the inlet and exhaust cams. However, the Valvetronic system adds variable valve lift to the inlet cam, achieved by the use of a lever positioned between the camshaft and the inlet valves. Valvetronic varies the timing and the lift of the intake valves. The Valvetronic system has a conventional intake cam, but it also uses a secondary eccentric shaft with a series of levers and roller followers, activated by a stepper motor.\r\n\r\nOperating Parameters\r\n\r\n \tValve lift is variable between 0 and 9.7 mm.\r\n \tAdjustment of the worm gear from one extreme to the other takes 300 milliseconds.\r\n \tCombined with double-vanos valve timing technology, the camshaft angle relative to the crankshaft can be adjusted by up to 60\u00b0.\r\n \tThe intermediate arm is finished to a tolerance of 0.008 mm.\r\n \tThe cams controlling the eccentric shaft are machined to tolerances of a few hundredths of a millimeter.\r\n\r\nReport Download:\r\n\r\nSeminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download","headline":"Seminar On Valvetronic Engine Technology Report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-11-28","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Valvetronic-Engine-Technology-Seminar-PPT-with-Pdf-Report-275x300.gif","height":300,"width":275},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=217">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=216"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>216</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=217"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>217</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>218</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=219"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>219</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=220"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>220</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=219">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. Read more about this portal or Sachin Thorat click on below button!</p> <button onclick="window.location.href='//www.gunkrazy.com/about-me/';">READ MORE</button></div><section id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">Get Dialy Update On Email</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><form style="border:1px solid #ccc;padding:3px;text-align:center;" action="https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify" method="post" target="popupwindow" onsubmit="window.open('https://feedburner.google.com/fb/a/mailverify?uri=mechenggnet', 'popupwindow', 'scrollbars=yes,width=550,height=520');return true"><p>Enter your email address:</p><p><input type="text" style="width:140px" name="email"/></p><input type="hidden" value="mechenggnet" name="uri"/><input type="hidden" name="loc" value="en_US"/><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" /><p>Delivered by <a href="https://feedburner.google.com" target="_blank">FeedBurner</a></p></form></div></section><section id="categories-5" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widget-title">Menu</h2><ul><li class="cat-item cat-item-103"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/automobile-engineering/">Automobile Engineering</a> (209)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-98"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/cad-cam-software/">CAD Design Software</a> (110)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-100"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/career/">Career in Mechanical</a> (57)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-101"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/exam-gate-ies/">Exam &#8211; GATE ,IES</a> (50)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-116"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/fabrication/">Fabrication Guide</a> (92)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-110"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/fluid-power-system/">Hydraulic and Pneumatic System</a> (59)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/production-management/">Industrial Engineering</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-102"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/interview-guide/">Interview Guide</a> (23)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-99"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-design/">Machine Design</a> (106)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-117"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/machine-tools/">Machine Shop</a> (103)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-109"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/manufacturing-engineering/">Manufacturing Technology</a> (154)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-113"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/material-science/">Material Science</a> (42)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-97"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-projects/">Mechanical Projects Report</a> (652)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-106"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/seminar-topics/">Mechanical Seminar</a> (85)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-107"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/automation-robotics/">Mechatronics</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-111"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/measurement-science/">Metrology and Instrumentation</a> (61)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-108"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/power-engineering/">Power Engineering</a> (38)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-112"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/mechanical-project-list/">Project Lists</a> (73)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-114"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/technical-questions/">Technical Questions</a> (139)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-105"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/theory-of-machine/">Theory Of Machine</a> (36)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-104"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/thermodynamics/">Thermal Engineering</a> (129)</li><li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> (1)</li></ul></section></aside></div></div><footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"><div class="inner-wrap footer-option-1"><div class="menu-footer-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="inner-wrap"><li id="menu-item-11367" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-11350 current_page_item menu-item-11367"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li><li id="menu-item-11368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11368"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/blog/">Blog</a></li><li id="menu-item-11370" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11370"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/about-me/">About</a></li><li id="menu-item-11372" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11372"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/contact-us/">Contact</a></li><li id="menu-item-11369" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-11369"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li><li id="menu-item-11373" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11373"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/terms-and-conditions_77/">Terms</a></li><li id="menu-item-11371" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11371"><a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/advertise/">Advertise</a></li></ul></div><div class="site-info"> &copy; 2025 Copyright Learn Mechanical Engineering</div></div></footer></div> <!--noptimize--><!--email_off--><style type='text/css'>.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:290px;height:32px;border-width:0px;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;background-color:#565656;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new:hover{background-color:#636363;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:14px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:10px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new:hover .mb-text{color:#ffffff;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new{width:90%}.maxbutton-69.maxbutton.maxbutton-more-resources-new .mb-text{font-size:11px}}
.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:450px;height:30px;border:1px double #505ac7;border-radius:20px 20px 20px 20px;background-color:#99cc51;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:8px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes{width:90%}.maxbutton-5.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-notes .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:580px;height:30px;border-width:0px;border-radius:18px 18px 18px 18px;background-color:#9871b7;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster:hover{background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster .mb-text{color:#ffffff;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:17px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:6px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster:hover .mb-text{color:#505ac7;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster{width:90%}.maxbutton-4.maxbutton.maxbutton-basic-booster .mb-text{font-size:13px}}
.maxbutton-46.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-shop-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:400px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:8px 8px 8px 8px;background-color:#c6c6c6;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-46.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-shop-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-46.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-shop-projects .mb-text{color:#dd3333;font-family:Tahoma;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-46.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-shop-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#af4693;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-46.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-shop-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-46.maxbutton.maxbutton-machine-shop-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects{position:relative;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:550px;height:28px;border:2px solid #505ac7;border-radius:25px 25px 25px 25px;background-color:#c1a026;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects:hover{border-color:#505ac7;background-color:white;box-shadow:0px 0px 2px 0px #333333}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects .mb-text{color:#212121;font-family:Trebuchet MS;font-size:15px;text-align:center;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;box-sizing:border-box;display:block;background-color:unset;padding:7px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #505ac7}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects:hover .mb-text{color:#42a58c;text-shadow:0px 0px 0px #333333}@media only screen and (min-width:0px) and (max-width:480px){.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects{width:90%}.maxbutton-31.maxbutton.maxbutton-manufacturing-projects .mb-text{font-size:12px}}
</style><!--/email_off--><!--/noptimize--> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/autoptimize_single_e1252650ea6bc63e5b6b533cf9f0380d.php?ver=1.4.1" id="income-school-js-js"></script> <!--noptimize--><script>!function(){window.advanced_ads_ready_queue=window.advanced_ads_ready_queue||[],advanced_ads_ready_queue.push=window.advanced_ads_ready;for(var d=0,a=advanced_ads_ready_queue.length;d<a;d++)advanced_ads_ready(advanced_ads_ready_queue[d])}();</script><!--/noptimize--><div style="display: none"></div></body></html>
<!--
Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/

Page Caching using Disk: Enhanced (Requested URI contains query) 

Served from: www.gunkrazy.com @ 2025-08-21 04:18:18 by W3 Total Cache
-->




