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class="excerpt"><p>Electro Chemical Machining -Parameter, Advantages and Disadvantages
Introduction To Electro Chemical Machining   Electro Chemical Machining is a process which is an extension of an already known...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/electro-chemical-machining-parameter/" aria-label="View Post: Electro Chemical Machining -Parameter, Advantages and Disadvantages">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Electro Chemical Machining -Parameter, Advantages and Disadvantages","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/electro-chemical-machining-parameter\/","articleBody":"Electro Chemical Machining -Parameter, Advantages and Disadvantages\r\nIntroduction To Electro Chemical Machining\u00a0\r\n\r\nElectro Chemical Machining is a process which is an extension of an already known process of electroplating with some modifications, in a reverse direction. A shaped tool or electrode is used in the process, which forms cathode. The workpiece forms anode. A small gap is maintained between the tool and workpiece and an electrolyte is pumped through it.\r\n\r\nThe electrolyte used possesses such properties such that the constituents of the separated workpiece material do not stick on the tool surface. Most widely used electrolyte in the process is Sodium Nitrate solution. Sodium chloride solution in water is also an alternative but it is more corrosive than the former.\r\nDiagram Of Electro Chemical Machining Setup:\u00a0\r\nAll metals can be machined by this method. However, its application is only suitable for mass production work as the tooling and initial cost is high. This process can be used to machine extremely hard metals and alloys, deep holes, small size and odd shaped holes.\r\n\r\nElectro Chemical Machining Diagram -Parameter, Advantages and Disadvantages\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe tools used in this process should be made of such material which have enough thermal and electrical conductivity, high chemical resistance to an electrolyte. The principle of ECM is based on Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis. The workpiece acts as anode while the tool acts as cathode. The tool and workpiece are held close to each other with a very small gap (say 0.5 mm) between them. A mild DC voltage of about 3 to 30 V is applied between the two and an electrolyte is continuously pumped into the gap. Due to the applied voltage the current flows through the electrolyte with positively charged ions being attracted towards the tool (cathode) and the negatively charged ones towards the workpiece (anode) the electrochemical reaction, taking place due to this flow of ions, results in the removal of metal from the workpiece in the form of sludge. This sludge is taken away from the gap by the flowing electrolyte along with it.\r\nAdvantages of ECM:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tAny good electrically conducting material can be machined and its mechanical properties have no bearing on its machinability through this process.\r\n \tIntricate and complex shapes can be machined easily through this process.\r\n \tMetal removal rate is quite high in comparison to traditional machining, specially in respect of high tensile and high temperature resistance materials.\r\n \tWear on tool is insignificant or (say) almost non-existent.\r\n \tThe machined work surface is free of stresses.\r\n \tNo cutting forces are involved in the process.\r\n \tHigh surface finishes, of the order of 0.1 to 2.0 microns, can be obtained.\r\n \tIt is an accurate process and close tolerances of the order of 0.05 mm can be easily obtained.\r\n \tWith the application of such process, many machining operations like grinding, milling, polishing etc. can be avoided.\r\n\r\n\r\nDisadvantages of ECM:\r\n\r\n \tMaterials which are non-conductors of electricity cannot be machined.\r\n \tPower consumption is very high.\r\n \tCorrosion and rusting of workpiece, machine tool, fixtures etc. by electrolyte is a constant menace.\r\n \tRequired initial cost is very high.\r\n \tExtermely fine corner radii, say less than 2.0 mm cannot be produced.\r\n \tDesigning and fabrication of tools is difficult.\r\n\r\nApplication of ECM:\r\n\r\n \tMachining of hard to machine and heat resistant materials.\r\n \tmachining of blind holes and pockets, such as in forging dies.\r\n \tMachining of complicated profiles, such as of jet engine blades, turbine blades.\r\n \tDrilling small deep holes, such as in nozzles.\r\n \tMachining of cavities and holes of irregular shapes.\r\n \tDeburring of parts.","headline":"Electro Chemical Machining -Parameter, Advantages and Disadvantages","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-08-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/electrochemicalmachiningdiagam-300x185.jpg","height":185,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-study-materials-for-mechanica/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Analysis-for-Mechanical-Engineering-300x202.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-study-materials-for-mechanica/">GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)  This is Mechanical Engineering (ME) study material for GATE / IES / PSUs exam preparation in the form of handwritten notes. These notes...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/gate-study-materials-for-mechanica/" aria-label="View Post: GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/gate-study-materials-for-mechanica\/","articleBody":"GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)\r\n\r\nThis is Mechanical Engineering (ME) study material for GATE \/ IES \/ PSUs exam preparation in the form of handwritten notes. These notes are of Made Easy coaching institute, New Delhi. One of the reputed institute, known for GATE \/ IES \/ PSUs coaching. Candidates may refer this study material for their GATE \/ IES \/ PSUs and other National &amp; State level exam preparation. Candidates can download notes of any subject or of all subjects as per their requirement from the table given below.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nace academy gate material free download for mechanical, made easy notes for mechanical engineering pdf, made easy notes for gate , gate study material for mechanical engineering made easy\u00a0gate 2016 books for mechanical engineering pdf, made easy handbook for mechanical engineering pdf, mechanical engineering notes pdf free download, sk mondal production notes pdf, mechanical engineering books pdf format free download, mechanical engineering notes pdf free download\u00a0engineering mechanics for gate pdf\r\n\r\n\r\nSubject wise Analysis Of Previous year GATE Papers\r\n\r\n \tS K MONDAL Notes\u00a0\r\n\r\nS K Mondal Notes For mechanical Engineering students include Notes on Machine Design , Refrigeration and air Conditioning, Production Engineering By SK Mondal , Industrial Engineering , Metrology and Material Science Notes , Thermal\/ thermodynamics Notes , Power Plant Engineering , Strength Of Material notes sk Mondal\u00a0 \u00a0SK MONDAL Notes For Mechanical\u00a0Engineering Students:\r\nClick Here To Download All S.k. Mondal Notes For Free:\r\nGate 2018 Mechanical Notes- SK Mondal Free Download PDF\r\n\r\n \tHandwritten ACE\/MADE Easy Notes For Mechanical engineers Gate 2018\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMade easy notes for mechanical engineering pdf mechanical engineering notes pdf free download. In this post I provide all made easy notes for\r\n\r\nmechanical engineering student the all notes here I provide best for the all engineering exam Gate 2018, Psu, Ies and other exam.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nFollow Link :\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHandwritten ACE\/MADE Easy Notes For Mechanical engineers Gate 2019\r\n\r\n\r\n \tGate Mechanical R K Kanodia Preparation Material and Notes\r\n\r\nRK Kanodia books are one of the standard books for preparing Gate examination. The gate syllabus for mechanical branch has a wide variety of topics consisting of Engineering Mathematics and Mechanical subjects. Kanodia books really going to help them a lot. Here are the RK Kanodia Gate mechanical pdf files for the topics Engineering Mathematics, Engineering Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat transfer, Industrial Engineering, Machine design, Manufacturing Engineering, Refrigeration and air-conditioning, strength of materials, Theory of machines, Thermodynamics etc.\r\n\r\nFollow Link:\r\nGate Mechanical R K Kanodia Preparation Material and Notes","headline":"GATE 2019 Study Materials For Mechanical Engineering (ME)","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-08-04","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Analysis-for-Mechanical-Engineering-300x202.png","height":202,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-rotary-grinding-machine/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/PNEUMATICROTARYGRINDINGMACHINE-MechanicalProject-300x174.png')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-rotary-grinding-machine/">PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project  SYNOPSIS
          The aim of our project is to design and fabricate a pneumatically operated multipurpose grinder.  With this device a...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/pneumatic-rotary-grinding-machine/" aria-label="View Post: PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/pneumatic-rotary-grinding-machine\/","articleBody":"PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nSYNOPSIS\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The aim of our project is to design and fabricate a pneumatically operated multipurpose grinder. \u00a0With this device a number of operations can be performed. \u00a0They are as follows:\r\n1. Grinding (Soft and Hard)\r\n2. Drilling\r\n3. Reaming\r\n4. Boring\r\n5. Screw driving\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 This device is operated by compressed air. \u00a0It consists of the following main parts.\r\n1. Barrel\r\n2. Shaft\r\n3. Frame and supporting column\r\n4. Chuck and key\r\n5. Couplings, etc.\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A high pressure compressed air is forced on a fan and the fan is made to rotate. \u00a0This rotation is transmitted to the machining head by a shaft and the required operation is carried out. Further if a hole is to be drilled in a part in an automobile, the particular part is to be dismantled from the vehicle. \u00a0By using this pneumatically operated device holes can be drilled in the required part with one dismantling it from the vehicle.\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 So this pneumatically operated multi purpose grinder is used for various operations with a less amount of investment.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The project work subject is one, in which actually we are leaning the theoretical concepts in practical way. \u00a0Also the practical experience is one of the aims of this subject. For a developing industry these operating performed and the parts or components produced should have its minimum possible production cost, then only the industry runs profitably. \u00a0There are a number of units having used in industries for various purposes.\r\n\r\nFor our thought the various project name are given below.\r\n\r\n1. Pedaling sheet meal cutter.\r\n2. Pneumatic multi purpose device.\r\n3. Versa mill.\r\n4. Paint mixer\r\n5. Mechanical Jack.\r\n\r\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 From the above we selected \u2018PNEUMATIC MULTI PURPOSE GRINDER\u2019. \u00a0In small scale Industries and automobile maintenance shops, there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening of screws, Drilling, Boring, Grinding, etc. \u00a0Huge and complicate designed parts can not be machined in ordinary machines. \u00a0Further for every operation separate machine is required. \u00a0This increases the initial cost required, large area requirements and a large number of machines are required.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nWORKING PRINCIPLE\r\n\r\nThe pneumatic multi purpose grinder is an air operated device used for many small operations. \u00a0It is a portable one. \u00a0Compressed air is the source of energy for this device. \u00a0The compressed air is allowed through the nozzle in such a way to rotate to fan. \u00a0The rotation obtained is utilized for machining.\r\n\u00a0The nozzles are welded to the barrel at an angle to facilitate free rotation. \u00a0The fan can be rotated in either direction by operating the one way corks. \u00a0The rpm and torque of the shaft depends upon the pressure of the air admitted so by varying the pressure the rpm and torque can be varied. The parts are interred connected by thick tubes. \u00a0Clamps are used at the connecting parts to prevent leakage.\r\n\r\n\r\nPNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project\r\n\r\nIn threaded parts thread seals are used to prevent leakage. Here the compressed air from the compressor firstly enters the control unit. \u00a0In the control unit the pressure of the air is controlled and sent to the barrel to rotate the fan in any one direction. The air from the compressor enters the gate valve. \u00a0The gate valve controls the pressure and volume of air. \u00a0Then the pressure is read by a pressure gauge. \u00a0Then the air is admitted to the barrel through any one of the two one way corks to rotate fan. \u00a0In the barrel, a shaft is placed and if carries the fan. \u00a0The shaft is supported in either and by bearings. \u00a0The bearings are placed in the couplings, which covers the ends of barrel.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nAPPLICATIONS\r\n\r\nThis multipurpose grinder has a numerous applications in various fields. \u00a0In industries, this is used in assembly section. \u00a0The required pressure is set and the operation is carried out. \u00a0In automobile shops various operations are required frequently Drilling, boring, reaming, grinding etc. \u00a0It is also used as a screw driver for tightening and loosening nuts and bolts. \u00a0It is used.\r\n\r\n1. In automobile workshops\r\n2. In small scale industries\r\n3. In such places where frequent changes in operations are required\r\n4. In welding shops for grinding.\r\n5. For performing operations in huge parts which can not be done in ordinary machines, since it is portable.\r\n\r\nADVANTAGES\r\n\r\nThe pneumatically operated multi purpose grinder has many advantages.\r\n\u00a0\r\nThey are as follows:\r\n\r\n \t\u00a0Low cost, so it can be used in small scale industries.\r\n \t\u00a0Higher rate and quicker operations\r\n \t\u00a0A number of operations like (drilling), screw driving, reaming etc., can be done.\r\n \t\u00a0The nuts and bolts can be tightened to a particular pressure by operating the gate valve placed in the control unit and the pressure gauge.\r\n \t\u00a0Both loosening and tightening is possible. \u00a0Since there is air flow in both directions.\r\n \t\u00a0The weight of the unit is less and can be easily handled.\r\n \t\u00a0Efficient operation. \u00a0Since if does not require any electricity for running.\r\n \t\u00a0The weight of the machine is concentrated towards the machining head to facilitate easy manipulation of the machining.\r\n \t\u00a0The design is simple and there is no maintenance required. \u00a0The control valve for allowing or restricting air may be placed on handle to make easier to control the speed of the machine.\r\n \t\u00a0The maximum rpm of the unit of the unit is 7000 rpm. \u00a0The speed provides a torque which is suitable for machining. \u00a0The maximum pressure that can be used is 7 kg km\u00b2. \u00a0The rpm and torque can be varied by varying the pressure of the air inlet.\r\n\r\nDISADVANTAGES\r\n1. Initial cost is high\r\n2. Spindle rotation is pneumatic power, so this machine having low torque\r\n3. Need a separate compressor","headline":"PNEUMATIC ROTARY GRINDING MACHINE- Mechanical Project","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-08-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/PNEUMATICROTARYGRINDINGMACHINE-MechanicalProject-300x174.png","height":174,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/henri-fayols-14-principles-of-managemen/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/HenriFayolE28099s14PrinciplesofManagement.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/henri-fayols-14-principles-of-managemen/">Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management  Henri Fayol was a French mining engineer who developed 14 principles of management. He is considered to be one of the most important contributors to the...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/henri-fayols-14-principles-of-managemen/" aria-label="View Post: Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/henri-fayols-14-principles-of-managemen\/","articleBody":"Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management\r\n\r\nHenri Fayol was a French mining engineer who developed 14 principles of management. He is considered to be one of the most important contributors to the theory of management.\r\n\u00a0\r\n Henri Fayol\u2019s 14 Principles of Management\r\nPrinciples of Management:\r\nThe 14 principles of management developed by Henri Fayol are listed and explained below:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tDivision of work\r\n \tAuthority and responsibility\r\n \tDiscipline\r\n \tUnity of command\r\n \tUnity of direction\r\n \tSubordination of individual interests to general interest\r\n \tRemuneration of personnel\r\n \tCentralization\r\n \tScalar Chain\r\n \tOrder\r\n \tEquity\r\n \tStability of personnel\r\n \tInitiative\r\n \tEsprit de corps\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1. Authority: \r\n\r\nAuthority is necessary to get work done from others. Position, designation, seniority defines authority. It is reflected as a power in managing the work. If authority is used in good sense and in a positive manner the system works smoothly.\r\n\r\n2. Responsibility: \r\n\r\nif there is authority, the same weightage of responsibility automatically comes with it. There is nobody with only authority and no responsibility.\r\n\r\n3. Discipline: \r\n\r\nAny organization needs discipline for its smooth functioning. Discipline of time, behavior, work quality, obedience, etc are important in any management. Following rules and regulations, being honest, trustworthy, and following protocols of the system are expected as discipline requirements.\r\n\r\n4. Centralization: \r\n\r\nWhen many functions are controlled by a central authority, it is called as centralization. Unity in the organization, importance of discipline, status in the external market, brand development, etc are the advantages in centralization function.\r\n\r\n5. Decentralization: \r\n\r\nControl from the different position is called as decentralization. So instead of one, there are many centers of power. This increases the effectiveness of work. Every subsystem cannot run properly all the time with common rules. There should be different treatment or control as per requirements.\r\n\r\n6. Division of work: \r\n\r\nIt is also called a delegation of work. When work is complicated, huge, and difficult, it must be divided among the different teams. Due to the division of work, people get less variation in work. Skilled people make effective concentration on their allotted work.\r\n\r\n7. Initiative: \r\n\r\n\r\nTo start with enthusiasm is called as \u2018initiative\u2019. Difficult things are not possible if there is no initiative from anybody. For getting success in difficult or complicated work, someone should start at the initial level. A good manager is always enthusiastic to initiate things whenever there is a difficult situation in front of the organization.\r\n\r\n8. Remuneration:\r\n\r\n people must be satisfied by paying them satisfactorily. Many people work for better remuneration. Few work for mental, psychological, and work-related satisfaction. But it is the need that all of them must be paid as per their inputs. Qualification, designation, responsibility, dedication, experience should be counted while giving remuneration.\r\n\r\n9. Teamwork: \r\n\r\nGood teamwork is always better than the best individual performance. Organization is busy in many kinds of work. Completion of these works in time, with quality and with minimum wastages is the expectations from the employees. A single individual has limitations on many fronts. But if many individuals with different skills come together, co-ordinate each other effectively, then great achievements are possible through this teamwork.\r\n\r\n10. Unity of direction:\r\n\r\n In giving direction to the subordinates, there must be a uniqueness of direction. There should not be any confusion due to different directions every time.\r\n\r\n11. Unity of command: \r\n\r\nIt may be called as \u201cone man-one boss\u201d. But when higher authorities are more than one, then there is a possibility of different guidelines to the subordinates. This may create misunderstanding and fiasco at work.\r\n\r\n12. Stability: \r\n\r\nManagement must provide stability of tenure to employees. This creates secure feelings among them which allows them to work with more concentration.\r\n\r\n13. Equity: \r\n\r\nManagement should not forget equity and humanity. Partialism, variation in treatments among the employees of the same organization creates disintegration and segmentation in them. Now-a-days, many organizations have maintained an equity in canteen facilities, uniform dress codes, pickup facilities, medical facilities, etc. for all the employees without any differentiation.\r\n\r\n14. Scalar chain: \r\n\r\nFayol thinks of the scalar chain as a line of authority. It is a chain as a line of authority. It is a chain of superiors from the highest to the lowest ranks. This chain should be short-circuited.\r\n\r\n15. Esprit de corps: \r\n\r\nIt is related to teamwork. Also, importance is given to communication in teamwork.\r\n\r\n16. Subordination of individual interest to general interest: Interest of group is more important than that of an individual person. If there is a conflict concerning interest, the team\u2019s interest is given priority.","headline":"Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-08-03","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"May 7, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/HenriFayolE28099s14PrinciplesofManagement.jpg","height":174,"width":240},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-advanced-fine-finishing/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/SeminarOnAdvancedFineFinishingProcessesreportDownload-300x148.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-advanced-fine-finishing/">Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download  Abstract:
The technology is really spice of life. This seminar is all about latest technology which is useful for finishing materials...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-advanced-fine-finishing/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-advanced-fine-finishing\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download\r\n\r\nAbstract:\r\nThe technology is really spice of life. This seminar is all about latest technology which is useful for finishing materials with very high precision. These are the latest processes are called as Advanced Fine Finishing Processes. In this seminar we are going to take a overlook on some of these processes.\r\n\r\nWith the demand of stringent technological and functional requirements of the parts from micro- to nano-meter range, evolution of ultraprecision finishing processes became obvious need of the manufacturing scientists and engineers. The traditional finishing processes of this category have various limitations, for example complex shapes, iniature sizes, and 3-D parts can not be processed and finished economically and rapidly. This led to the development of advanced finishing techniques like Abrasive Flow Machining, Magnetic Abrasive Finishing, Magnetic Float Polishing, Magneto-rheological Abrasive Finishing, and Ion Beam Machining. In all these processes except Ion Beam Machining, abrasion of the workpiece takes place in a controlled fashion such that the depth of penetration in the workpiece is a fraction of micrometer so that the final finish \u00a0approaches towards the nano range.\r\n\r\n\r\nThe working principles and the applications of these processes are discussed in this paper along with some recent research going on in these areas.\r\n\r\nThis paper deals with some of the advanced fine finishing I machining processes like Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM), Magnetic Abrasive Flow Machining (MAFM), Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAP), Magnetic Float polishing (MFP), Magneto Rhelogical \u00a0Abrasive Finishing (MRAF), Elastic Emission Machining (EEM) and Ion Beam Machining (IBM).\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nMAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FINISHING (MRF)\r\nPrecision lenses are usually made of brittle materials such as glass, and they tend to crack during machining I finishing. Even a single microscopic crack can drastically hinder a lens's performance and make it to fail in performing its intended function. Manufacture of a lens usually involves two operations - grinding and finishing. Grinding operation makes a lens close to the desired size while finishing removes the cracks and surface imperfections either created by grinding or could not be removed during grinding. Manual grinding and polishing are non-deterministic and a high local pressure may lead to subsurface damage. To take care of these difficulties, Magnetorheological-finishing (MRF) process has been developed which is automatic in nature.\r\n\u00a0\r\n\r\nMagnetic Float Polishing (MFP)\r\nThis process was developed for gentle finishing of very hard materials like ceramics, which develop defects during grinding leading to fatigue failure. To achieve low level of controlled forces, magnetic field is used to support abrasive slurry in finishing ceramic products like ceramic balls and bearing rollers. This process is known as Magnetic Float\r\nPolishing (MFP). The MFP technique is based on the Ferro- magnetic behaviour of a magnetic fluid that can levitate a non-magnetic fluid and abrasives suspended in it by magnetic field. The levitation force applied on the abrasives is proportional to the field gradient and is extremely small and highly controllable. It is a good method for super finishing of brittle materials with flat and spherical shapes\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nION BEAM MACHINING (IBM)\r\nNano-technology is the target of ultraprecision machining having capabilities of producing surface finish of the order of 1nm or less which means approaching towards the ultimate surface finish. Ion beam machining is a molecular manufacturing (or atomic size stock removal) process based on the sputtering off phenomenon of work material by bombardment of energised ions of 1 to 10 keV and current density of 1 mill amphere\/cm2. This process can be applied to manufacture ultra-fine precision parts of lectronic and mechanical devices. The sputtering off is basically a knocking out phenomenon of surface atoms of workpiece by the kinetic momentum transfer from incident ions to the target atoms. Removal of atoms from the work surface will occur when the actual energy transferred exceeds the usual binding energy of 5- 10 ev.\r\nIons of higher energy may transfer enough momentum such that more than one. atom causes a cascading effect in the layer near the surface, removing several atoms. Ions of still higher energy may get implanted deep within the material after ejecting out\r\nseveral atoms or molecules. But the bombardment of so much high energy ions is not desirable to avoid any kind of damage to the workpiece surface.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nELASTIC EMISSION MACHINING\r\n\r\nThis process removes material from the workpiece surface to atomic level by mechanical methods, and gives completely mirrored, crystallographically and physically undisturbed finished surface. It can give surface of the order of atomic dimensions (~ 0.2 nm to 0.4 nm) [17-20]. Using ultrafine particles to collide with the workpiece surface, it may be possible to finish the surface by the atomic scale elastic fracture without plastic deformation [19,20], and the process is known as Elastic Emission Machining (EEM). Fig.shows working principle of EEM through the schematic diagram. The polyurethane ball used during EEM is of about 56 mm diameter. This ball is mounted on a shaft whose axis of rotation is inclined at about 45\u00b0 to the vertical axis, and it is driven by a variable speed motor. The workpiece is immersed in the slurry of zrO2 or A12O3 (size 20 nm to 20 \u00ecm) abrasives and water as carrier. The slurry is circulated in the gap by a diaphragm pump, and maintained at constant temperature with a heat exchanger. The proposed mechanism of material removal due to slurry and work interaction involves erosion of the surface atom by the bombardment of abrasive particles without the introduction of dislocation.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nSeminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download\r\n\u00a0CONCLUSIONS\r\nThe importance of ultrafine finishing processes using abrasive as cutting tool, and their capabilities to achieve nanometer order surface finish is discussed. Working principle of seven such advanced finishing processes, viz. AFM, MAFM, MAP, MFP, MRAM, EEM\r\nand IBM have been explained in brief. It has been observed that the precise control of forces on abrasive particles using non-traditional methods discussed in this paper, proved useful in performing ultra precision finishing. Fine finishing of brittle materials like ceramics, glasses, and semiconductor wafers can be easily done in nanometer range. The exact mechanics of abrasive interaction with the workpiece surface in most of these processes is still subject of in-depth research, and need involvement of multidisciplinary sciences.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDownload:\u00a0\r\nSeminar report Download on Advanced Fine Finishing Processes Report pdf Download","headline":"Seminar On Advanced Fine Finishing Processes report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-08-02","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/SeminarOnAdvancedFineFinishingProcessesreportDownload-300x148.jpg","height":148,"width":300},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <article class="article-card horizontal "> <a href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-cryogenic-rocket-engines/" rel="nofollow"><div class="image-container" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/HM-7BRocketEnginecrygonicengine-258x300.jpg')"></div><span class="sr-only">link to Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download</span></a><div class="copy-container"><header><p><a style="color: #ff392e!important" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-cryogenic-rocket-engines/">Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download</a></p></header><div class="excerpt"><p>Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download  Introduction :
Cryogenics originated from two Greek words “kyros” which means cold or freezing and “genes” which means born or...</p><div class="button-container"><a rel="nofollow" class="button reverse" href="//www.gunkrazy.com/seminar-on-cryogenic-rocket-engines/" aria-label="View Post: Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download">View Post</a></div></div></div></article> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/seminar-on-cryogenic-rocket-engines\/","articleBody":"Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download\r\n\r\nIntroduction :\r\nCryogenics originated from two Greek words \u201ckyros\u201d which means cold or freezing and \u201cgenes\u201d which means born or produced. Cryogenics is the study of very low temperatures or the production of the same. Liquefied gases like liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen are used in many cryogenic applications. Liquid nitrogen is the most commonly used element in cryogenics and is legally purchasable around the world. Liquid helium is also commonly used and allows for the lowest temperatures to be reached. These gases can be stored on large tanks called Dewar tanks, named after James Dewar, who first liquefied hydrogen, or in giant tanks used for commercial applications.\r\nThe field of cryogenics advanced when during world war two, when metals were frozen to low temperatures showed more wear resistance.\r\n\r\n\u00a0In 1966, a company was formed, called Cyro-Tech, which experimented with the possibility of using cryogenic tempering instead of Heat Treating, for increasing the life of metal tools. The theory was based on the existing theory of heat treating, which was lowering the temperatures to room temperatures from high temperatures and supposing that further descent would allow more strength for further strength increase. Unfortunately for the newly-born industry the results were unstable as the components sometimes experienced thermal shock when cooled too fast. Luckily with the use of applied research and the with the arrival of the modern computer this field has improved significantly, creating more stable results.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe Space Shuttle's main engines used for liftoff are cryogenic engines. The Shuttle's smaller thrusters for orbital maneuvering use non-cryogenic hypergolic fuels, which are compact and are stored at warm temperatures. Currently, only the United States, Russia, China, France, Japan and India have mastered cryogenic rocket technology.\r\n\r\nAll the current Rockets run on Liquid-propellant rockets. The first operational cryogenic rocket engine was the 1961 NASA design the RL-10 LOX LH2 rocket engine, which was used in the Saturn 1 rocket employed in the early stages of the Apollo moon landing program.\r\n\r\nThe major components of a cryogenic rocket engine are:\r\n\r\n\r\n \tThe thrust chamber or combustion chamber\r\n \tpyrotechnic igniter\r\n \tfuel injector\r\n \tfuel turbo-pumps\r\n \tgas turbine\r\n \tcryo valves\r\n \tRegulators\r\n \tThe fuel tanks\r\n \trocket engine\r\n \tnozzle\r\n\r\n\r\nAmong them, the combustion chamber and \u00a0the nozzle are the main components of the rocket engine.\r\n\r\n\r\nDIFFERENT TYPES OF CRYOGENIC ENGINES\r\n\r\nHM-7B Rocket Engine\r\nHM-7 cryogenic propellant rocket engine has been used as an upper stage engine on all versions of the Ariane launcher. The more powerful HM-7B version was used on Ariane's 2, 3 and 4 and is also used on the ESC-A cryogenic upper stage of Ariane 5. Important principles used in the HM-7 combustion chamber were adopted by NASA under license and it is this technology that formed the basis of today's US space shuttle main engines - the first reusable rocket engine in the world.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nHM-7B Rocket Engine\r\n\u00a0Vulcain Rocket Engine\r\nVulcain (also known as HM-60) was the first main engine of the Ariane 5 cryogenic first stage (EPC). The development of Vulcain, assured by a European collaboration, began in 1988 with the Ariane 5 rocket program. It first flew in 1996 powering the ill-fated flight 501 without being the cause of the disaster, and had its first successful flight in 1997 (flight 502). In 2002 the upgraded Vulcain 2 with 20% more thrust first flew on flight 517, although a problem with the engine turned the flight into a failure. The cause was due to flight loads being much higher than expected, as the inquiry board concluded.\r\n\r\nDownload\r\nSeminar Report Download for Cryogenic Rocket Engines Free pdf Download\u00a0","headline":"Seminar On Cryogenic Rocket Engines report Download","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Sachin Thorat","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/"},"datePublished":"2017-08-02","mainEntityOfPage":"False","dateModified":"February 23, 2020","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/HM-7BRocketEnginecrygonicengine-258x300.jpg","height":300,"width":258},"publisher":{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","name":"Learn Mechanical Engineering","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"\/\/www.gunkrazy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/learn-mech-logo-1-300x300.png","height":600,"width":60}}}</script> <nav class="pagination-wrapper" aria-label="article pagination"> <a class="prev page-numbers" href="?page_num=227">&laquo; PREV</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=1"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>1</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=226"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>226</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=227"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>227</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>228</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=229"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>229</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=230"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>230</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">&hellip;</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="?page_num=338"><span class="screen-reader-text">Page </span>338</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="?page_num=229">NEXT &raquo;</a></nav></section></main><aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"><div class="about-wrapper"><h2 class="widget-title" style="background: #d693c6; color: #ff392e">About Us</h2><div class="about-image" style="background-image: url('//www.gunkrazy.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Sachin-Thorat-300x300-min.png')"></div><p class="about-copy">LearnMech.Com is a Mechanical Project-oriented platform run by Sachin Thorat who is a B-Tech Graduate in Mechanical Engineering. 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